Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410569
A. Tiwari, V. Ajjarapu
This paper proposes a novel approach for contingency filtering, ranking and assessment for contingencies that cause power quality and voltage instability problems. The approach consists of two-block technique: the first block filters out dangerous contingencies from a list of credible contingencies; then second block ranks and assesses them. Apart from ranking contingencies in order of their severity (CSI); a new concept of finding dynamic bus voltage vulnerability index (DBVVI) is proposed and is used to rank buses in order of their vulnerability. This filtering, ranking and assessment (FRA) approach uses decoupled time domain method for analysis. Decouple time-domain method is a good blend of accuracy and computational efficiency. The proposed FRA approach is totally generic; it can adapt itself to any specifics of power system (i.e. modeling, protection), any contingency scenario (i.e. N-1, N-2), and for any type of application (planning, operation). The approach is illustrated on IEEE 39 Bus system. The capability of filtering and ranking methodology is illustrated by its performance criteria: reliability, effectiveness and computational efficiency. Finally, the information obtained from filtering and ranking is used for assessment to provide planner/operator with sound information to aid them in deciding an effective control strategy to make power system more robust.
{"title":"Contingency assessment for voltage dip and short term voltage stability analysis","authors":"A. Tiwari, V. Ajjarapu","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410569","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel approach for contingency filtering, ranking and assessment for contingencies that cause power quality and voltage instability problems. The approach consists of two-block technique: the first block filters out dangerous contingencies from a list of credible contingencies; then second block ranks and assesses them. Apart from ranking contingencies in order of their severity (CSI); a new concept of finding dynamic bus voltage vulnerability index (DBVVI) is proposed and is used to rank buses in order of their vulnerability. This filtering, ranking and assessment (FRA) approach uses decoupled time domain method for analysis. Decouple time-domain method is a good blend of accuracy and computational efficiency. The proposed FRA approach is totally generic; it can adapt itself to any specifics of power system (i.e. modeling, protection), any contingency scenario (i.e. N-1, N-2), and for any type of application (planning, operation). The approach is illustrated on IEEE 39 Bus system. The capability of filtering and ranking methodology is illustrated by its performance criteria: reliability, effectiveness and computational efficiency. Finally, the information obtained from filtering and ranking is used for assessment to provide planner/operator with sound information to aid them in deciding an effective control strategy to make power system more robust.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124572800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410552
Sara Eftekharnejad, A. Feliachi
A multi-agent based control architecture using reinforcement learning is proposed to enhance power system stability. It consists of a layer of local agents and a global agent that coordinates the behavior of the local agents. Load frequency control is chosen as a case study to demonstrate the viability of the proposed concept. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of this controller as an online automatic generation controller (AGC) for a two area system, with and without generation rate constraints (GRC).
{"title":"Stability enhancement through reinforcement learning: Load frequency control case study","authors":"Sara Eftekharnejad, A. Feliachi","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410552","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-agent based control architecture using reinforcement learning is proposed to enhance power system stability. It consists of a layer of local agents and a global agent that coordinates the behavior of the local agents. Load frequency control is chosen as a case study to demonstrate the viability of the proposed concept. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of this controller as an online automatic generation controller (AGC) for a two area system, with and without generation rate constraints (GRC).","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125459993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410512
R. Mohamedi, S. Lefebvre, A. Ba, A. Houle
The objective of this paper is to investigate the asymmetric approach for increasing the transfer capacity of a corridor affected by single-phase faults. The paper consists of a comparative study of symmetric and asymmetric operations for a corridor with N parallel lines. The basis of the comparison is the reactive compensation required to restore the initial power flow following one or several contingencies. An economic analysis is presented for each case analyzed. The paper also aims at determining the operating conditions and criteria of analysis favorable to the asymmetric operation.
{"title":"Comparative study of the symmetric and asymmetric approaches to increase power transfer capacity of a corridor","authors":"R. Mohamedi, S. Lefebvre, A. Ba, A. Houle","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410512","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to investigate the asymmetric approach for increasing the transfer capacity of a corridor affected by single-phase faults. The paper consists of a comparative study of symmetric and asymmetric operations for a corridor with N parallel lines. The basis of the comparison is the reactive compensation required to restore the initial power flow following one or several contingencies. An economic analysis is presented for each case analyzed. The paper also aims at determining the operating conditions and criteria of analysis favorable to the asymmetric operation.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129146427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410511
H. Latorre, M. Ghandhari, L. Soder
Multichoice control strategy -MCS-consists in the selection of the correct input signals that will allow the VSC-HVDC to enhance the transient stability of the system, increase the level of damping, provide voltage support at specific nodes or change the power flow in the system, as it is required by the system when disturbances occur or ordered by the operator. This paper gives a description of the MCS and presents the procedure followed in the calculation of POD signals and a comparison of those signals with the signal derived from Lyapunov theory (Control Lya-punov Function -CLF-). All the signals were used in both small and large disturbances. The formulation of the MCS is based on a synchronous connection of the VSC-HVDC.
{"title":"Multichoice Control Strategy for VSC-HVdc","authors":"H. Latorre, M. Ghandhari, L. Soder","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410511","url":null,"abstract":"Multichoice control strategy -MCS-consists in the selection of the correct input signals that will allow the VSC-HVDC to enhance the transient stability of the system, increase the level of damping, provide voltage support at specific nodes or change the power flow in the system, as it is required by the system when disturbances occur or ordered by the operator. This paper gives a description of the MCS and presents the procedure followed in the calculation of POD signals and a comparison of those signals with the signal derived from Lyapunov theory (Control Lya-punov Function -CLF-). All the signals were used in both small and large disturbances. The formulation of the MCS is based on a synchronous connection of the VSC-HVDC.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116653606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410530
Antonio Simões Costa, R. Salgado, Paulo Haas
This paper proposes the combination of trust region methods and sequential-orthogonal techniques in order to devise globally convergent state estimators. The general nonlinear least squares problem in the context of power system state estimation is formulated so as to include inequality constraints which model the trust region. It is shown that the required changes on the state estimation equations solved in each iteration are equivalent to considering the contribution of properly defined a priori state information to the estimation process. Since a priori information are easily taken into account by the three-multiplier version of Givens rotations, the latter are employed to solve the linearized problem. This imparts numerical robustness to the iterative process in addition to the algorithmic robustness of the trust region approach, thereby improving the state estimator capability to converge even in the presence of severe modeling errors.
{"title":"Globally convergent state estimation based on givens rotations","authors":"Antonio Simões Costa, R. Salgado, Paulo Haas","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410530","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the combination of trust region methods and sequential-orthogonal techniques in order to devise globally convergent state estimators. The general nonlinear least squares problem in the context of power system state estimation is formulated so as to include inequality constraints which model the trust region. It is shown that the required changes on the state estimation equations solved in each iteration are equivalent to considering the contribution of properly defined a priori state information to the estimation process. Since a priori information are easily taken into account by the three-multiplier version of Givens rotations, the latter are employed to solve the linearized problem. This imparts numerical robustness to the iterative process in addition to the algorithmic robustness of the trust region approach, thereby improving the state estimator capability to converge even in the presence of severe modeling errors.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132007749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410522
M. Begovic, V. Madani, D. Novosel
This paper describes some of the critical engineering, design, and applications of latest technology for system integrity protection schemes (SIPS). Applicability of the advanced analytical techniques for various types of SIPS applications on the basis of modern technology is also addressed as part of the overview. An overview is presented of traditional scheme requirements leading to the SIPS of the future. A new survey is described in the paper, which should provide valuable information about power industry trends and experiences in SIPS. Keywords: Power system protection, emergency control, industry practice.
{"title":"System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS)","authors":"M. Begovic, V. Madani, D. Novosel","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410522","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes some of the critical engineering, design, and applications of latest technology for system integrity protection schemes (SIPS). Applicability of the advanced analytical techniques for various types of SIPS applications on the basis of modern technology is also addressed as part of the overview. An overview is presented of traditional scheme requirements leading to the SIPS of the future. A new survey is described in the paper, which should provide valuable information about power industry trends and experiences in SIPS. Keywords: Power system protection, emergency control, industry practice.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128673546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410571
D. Watts, Hui Ren
Given the incidence of blackouts during recent years, there has been an increased interest in understanding them to take corrective or mitigating measures, limiting their occurrence and scope in the future. Different models have been proposed to represent these sequences of events. The power tails found by some researchers in the latest North American blackout size distribution have led them to think of power systems as complex dynamical systems, drifting away from more traditional electric power system reliability models. The main contributions of this paper are: (a) Briefly review different models of blackouts and cascading in power systems, (b) Identify the role that electricity spot prices should have in those models, and (c) Enlarge one of the existing models by modeling prices and its role in the development of the system in a computationally efficient way. We conclude that the representation of an evolving market is perfectly compatible with the idea of understanding power markets/systems as complex dynamical systems. We also provide arguments supporting the idea that those markets and prices must be a part of any cascading models, especially if they model any longer-term system evolution.
{"title":"Cascading failures in electric power systems: What about prices?","authors":"D. Watts, Hui Ren","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410571","url":null,"abstract":"Given the incidence of blackouts during recent years, there has been an increased interest in understanding them to take corrective or mitigating measures, limiting their occurrence and scope in the future. Different models have been proposed to represent these sequences of events. The power tails found by some researchers in the latest North American blackout size distribution have led them to think of power systems as complex dynamical systems, drifting away from more traditional electric power system reliability models. The main contributions of this paper are: (a) Briefly review different models of blackouts and cascading in power systems, (b) Identify the role that electricity spot prices should have in those models, and (c) Enlarge one of the existing models by modeling prices and its role in the development of the system in a computationally efficient way. We conclude that the representation of an evolving market is perfectly compatible with the idea of understanding power markets/systems as complex dynamical systems. We also provide arguments supporting the idea that those markets and prices must be a part of any cascading models, especially if they model any longer-term system evolution.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125435322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410558
C. Luo, V. Ajjarapu
The critical eigenvalue tracing in reference [1] is further modified to extract further useful information. This includes the direction and the speed of movement of eigenvalues. The algorithm is both robust and efficient. The calculation of invariant subspaces is basically solving Riccati equation, which is equivalent to solving bordered matrix equations of Sylvester type. The bordered Bartels-Stewart algorithm is used to solve it effectively. The subspace continuation technique allows us to uniquely identify the image of the movement of the set of the critical eigenvalues w.r.t. the change of the continuation parameter (such as system load level etc.). Furthermore, the eigenvalue and eigenvector sensitivities can also be obtained as by-products. An eigenvalue index is proposed to determine the critical eigenvalue that might affect the stability change of the system. It can be used to estimate the oscillatory stability margin boundary of the system during the continuation by linear estimation. Finally, the numerical techniques are applied to study the New England 39 - bus system.
{"title":"Modified algorithm to trace critical eigenvalues of power system with sensitivities via continuation of invariant subspaces","authors":"C. Luo, V. Ajjarapu","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410558","url":null,"abstract":"The critical eigenvalue tracing in reference [1] is further modified to extract further useful information. This includes the direction and the speed of movement of eigenvalues. The algorithm is both robust and efficient. The calculation of invariant subspaces is basically solving Riccati equation, which is equivalent to solving bordered matrix equations of Sylvester type. The bordered Bartels-Stewart algorithm is used to solve it effectively. The subspace continuation technique allows us to uniquely identify the image of the movement of the set of the critical eigenvalues w.r.t. the change of the continuation parameter (such as system load level etc.). Furthermore, the eigenvalue and eigenvector sensitivities can also be obtained as by-products. An eigenvalue index is proposed to determine the critical eigenvalue that might affect the stability change of the system. It can be used to estimate the oscillatory stability margin boundary of the system during the continuation by linear estimation. Finally, the numerical techniques are applied to study the New England 39 - bus system.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125936853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410523
C. Sharma, P. Singh
Eigen-based tools have normally been used to predict the development of low frequency oscillation in power systems. A method must be developed to study the effect of loading and load characteristics on the development of low frequency oscillations. This paper is concerned about modeling a power system for low frequency oscillations studies. The purpose is to examine the effect of loads and their modeling on the study mentioned. Research shows that low frequency oscillations are a small signal stability problem. This allows the use of Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues to examine the stability of the power system in the advent of load variation. In this study a mathematical model of the dynamic power system must be built and the initial values of the variables in the model calculated using a load flow. The power system model consists of the non-linear equations which must be linearized about the operating values of the system. The system state matrix can then be constructed from the linearized power system model. Software was written in Matlab 7.0 to perform these mentioned computations. This paper also uses tools such as Participation factors and Mode shape. These tools were useful in examining the effect of loads on the system stability.
{"title":"Contribution of loads to low frequency oscillations in power system operation","authors":"C. Sharma, P. Singh","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410523","url":null,"abstract":"Eigen-based tools have normally been used to predict the development of low frequency oscillation in power systems. A method must be developed to study the effect of loading and load characteristics on the development of low frequency oscillations. This paper is concerned about modeling a power system for low frequency oscillations studies. The purpose is to examine the effect of loads and their modeling on the study mentioned. Research shows that low frequency oscillations are a small signal stability problem. This allows the use of Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues to examine the stability of the power system in the advent of load variation. In this study a mathematical model of the dynamic power system must be built and the initial values of the variables in the model calculated using a load flow. The power system model consists of the non-linear equations which must be linearized about the operating values of the system. The system state matrix can then be constructed from the linearized power system model. Software was written in Matlab 7.0 to perform these mentioned computations. This paper also uses tools such as Participation factors and Mode shape. These tools were useful in examining the effect of loads on the system stability.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127279695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410581
Fang Yang, A. Meliopoulos, G. Cokkinides, Q. B. Dam
In power system planning and operation procedures, bulk power system reliability assessment plays an important role. The current practice of such assessment generally assumes that protection systems are perfect, and the effects of protection system hidden failures are ignored. Recent research, however, shows that protection system hidden failures have been recognized as a contributing factor to power system cascading outages. To evaluate bulk power system reliability considering the impact of protection system hidden failures, this paper proposes a systematic methodology that is based on a breaker-oriented system network model including detailed substation configurations and protection system schemes. An analysis of hidden failures in major protection system components is conducted. Based on the results of this analysis, this study focuses on the effects of hidden failures in circuit breaker trip mechanisms (CBTMs). The probabilistic model of the CBTM is built, and a hidden failure effects analysis procedure is developed to obtain contingences resulting from CBTM hidden failures. Such contingencies as well as other contingencies resulting from independent outages and common-mode outages are subjected to a security-constrained adequacy evaluation approach to evaluate system reliability. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with a breaker-oriented 24-substation reliability test system. Evaluation results show that protection system hidden failures downgrade the system reliability level due to the fact that they lead to the outages of undamaged equipment following initial system disturbances.
{"title":"Bulk power system reliability assessment considering protection system hidden failures","authors":"Fang Yang, A. Meliopoulos, G. Cokkinides, Q. B. Dam","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410581","url":null,"abstract":"In power system planning and operation procedures, bulk power system reliability assessment plays an important role. The current practice of such assessment generally assumes that protection systems are perfect, and the effects of protection system hidden failures are ignored. Recent research, however, shows that protection system hidden failures have been recognized as a contributing factor to power system cascading outages. To evaluate bulk power system reliability considering the impact of protection system hidden failures, this paper proposes a systematic methodology that is based on a breaker-oriented system network model including detailed substation configurations and protection system schemes. An analysis of hidden failures in major protection system components is conducted. Based on the results of this analysis, this study focuses on the effects of hidden failures in circuit breaker trip mechanisms (CBTMs). The probabilistic model of the CBTM is built, and a hidden failure effects analysis procedure is developed to obtain contingences resulting from CBTM hidden failures. Such contingencies as well as other contingencies resulting from independent outages and common-mode outages are subjected to a security-constrained adequacy evaluation approach to evaluate system reliability. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with a breaker-oriented 24-substation reliability test system. Evaluation results show that protection system hidden failures downgrade the system reliability level due to the fact that they lead to the outages of undamaged equipment following initial system disturbances.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127512171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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