Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410525
I. Erlich, F. Shewarega
This paper deals with the impact of increased wind power generation on the behavior of the interconnected system during and after a contingency situation. The issues considered are the post-fault damping behavior of electromechanical oscillations, performance during a severe short-circuit and frequency stability after a sudden loss of generation. First, the doubly-fed induction (DFIM) based wind turbine and a conventional synchronous generator were simulated in a standalone mode to demonstrate the fundamental differences in terms of their damping behavior. The model was then extended to investigate the characteristic behavior of the DFIM during a severe fault to assess the limits of its fault ride-through capability. Finally, using a large interconnected system the effect of increased wind power generation on the frequency stability of the system after a loss of generation has been discussed.
{"title":"Insert impact of large-scale wind power generation on the dynamic behaviour of interconnected systems","authors":"I. Erlich, F. Shewarega","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410525","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the impact of increased wind power generation on the behavior of the interconnected system during and after a contingency situation. The issues considered are the post-fault damping behavior of electromechanical oscillations, performance during a severe short-circuit and frequency stability after a sudden loss of generation. First, the doubly-fed induction (DFIM) based wind turbine and a conventional synchronous generator were simulated in a standalone mode to demonstrate the fundamental differences in terms of their damping behavior. The model was then extended to investigate the characteristic behavior of the DFIM during a severe fault to assess the limits of its fault ride-through capability. Finally, using a large interconnected system the effect of increased wind power generation on the frequency stability of the system after a loss of generation has been discussed.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123118689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410562
M. Negrete-Pincetic, G. Gross
The high prices of the outcomes of the 2006 Illinois Electricity Auction have generated considerably controversy because of their impacts in increasing retail electricity prices in Illinois. In this work, we present a review and a critical analysis of the design of, and the results obtained in, the reverse auction performed in September of 2006 for the two major distribution companies, ComEd and Ameren. Our work is from the vantage point of power system operations and economics, and aims to assess how well the auction process was designed, putting special emphasis in the consequences of the definition of the products.
{"title":"Lessons from the 2006 Illinois Electricity Auction","authors":"M. Negrete-Pincetic, G. Gross","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410562","url":null,"abstract":"The high prices of the outcomes of the 2006 Illinois Electricity Auction have generated considerably controversy because of their impacts in increasing retail electricity prices in Illinois. In this work, we present a review and a critical analysis of the design of, and the results obtained in, the reverse auction performed in September of 2006 for the two major distribution companies, ComEd and Ameren. Our work is from the vantage point of power system operations and economics, and aims to assess how well the auction process was designed, putting special emphasis in the consequences of the definition of the products.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121261218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410533
C. Vournas, N. Sakellaridis
This paper deals with the problem of identifying emergency conditions during system operation in the case of voltage instability. A novel detection scheme is proposed based on measurement of the controlled voltage of bulk power delivery transformers equipped with load tap changers. The detection is based on the comparison of successive post-tap-change voltages. The detection scheme is purely local, even though it senses a system-wide emergency condition. It is shown that the condition detected is a precursor to maximum loadability and voltage instability.
{"title":"Tracking maximum loadability conditions in power systems","authors":"C. Vournas, N. Sakellaridis","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410533","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the problem of identifying emergency conditions during system operation in the case of voltage instability. A novel detection scheme is proposed based on measurement of the controlled voltage of bulk power delivery transformers equipped with load tap changers. The detection is based on the comparison of successive post-tap-change voltages. The detection scheme is purely local, even though it senses a system-wide emergency condition. It is shown that the condition detected is a precursor to maximum loadability and voltage instability.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126008531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410524
K. Elkington, V. Knazkins, M. Ghandhari
This article is concerned with the impact of large scale wind farms utilising doubly fed induction generators on the stability of a conventional power system. Inspection of the eigenstructure of the system provides a foundation for assessment of the impact, which is then quantified by means of detailed numerical simulations. Simplified state-space models are used to describe the dynamics of generators in a very simple system, whose network is described by algebraic relations. A third order model is derived for a doubly fed induction generator. Mathematical models are used to identify the behavioural patterns of the system when it is subject to disturbances. Eigenvalue analysis reveals certain interesting properties of the system when it is subject to small disturbances. Numerical simulations show that the addition to a power system of doubly fed induction generators, such as those found in wind farms, improves the response of the system to small disturbances, but can have an adverse impact after larger disturbances.
{"title":"Modal analysis of power systems with doubly fed induction generators","authors":"K. Elkington, V. Knazkins, M. Ghandhari","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410524","url":null,"abstract":"This article is concerned with the impact of large scale wind farms utilising doubly fed induction generators on the stability of a conventional power system. Inspection of the eigenstructure of the system provides a foundation for assessment of the impact, which is then quantified by means of detailed numerical simulations. Simplified state-space models are used to describe the dynamics of generators in a very simple system, whose network is described by algebraic relations. A third order model is derived for a doubly fed induction generator. Mathematical models are used to identify the behavioural patterns of the system when it is subject to disturbances. Eigenvalue analysis reveals certain interesting properties of the system when it is subject to small disturbances. Numerical simulations show that the addition to a power system of doubly fed induction generators, such as those found in wind farms, improves the response of the system to small disturbances, but can have an adverse impact after larger disturbances.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126153042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410515
C. Rehtanz
The paper presents an approach to evaluate the benefits of a fast controllable power flow control device. The device, called dynamic power flow controller (DPFC), is introduced together with its control scheme. A generic corridor situation is analyzed for defining the conditions of a beneficial usage of a fast instead of a slow power flow controller. The integration of such a fast controller into a market simulation is described. A network situation from the UCTE system is chosen to calculate the economic benefits.
{"title":"Dynamic Power Flow Controllers for transmission corridors","authors":"C. Rehtanz","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410515","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an approach to evaluate the benefits of a fast controllable power flow control device. The device, called dynamic power flow controller (DPFC), is introduced together with its control scheme. A generic corridor situation is analyzed for defining the conditions of a beneficial usage of a fast instead of a slow power flow controller. The integration of such a fast controller into a market simulation is described. A network situation from the UCTE system is chosen to calculate the economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124910860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410519
M. Glavic, D. Ernst, D. Ruiz-Vega, L. Wehenkel, M. Pavella
A general response-based technique is presented for closed-loop transient stability emergency control. It relies on E-SIME, derived from the hybrid transient stability method, SIME. E-SIME uses real-time information supposed to be furnished by phasor measurement units to predict the stability status of the power system, and, in view of an imminent instability, to design and trigger appropriate countermeasures, while continuing monitoring in order to check their effectiveness or to apply additional ones. Performance of the method in terms of accuracy and rapidity is scrutinized and illustrated on several real-world power system examples. New technical solutions and algorithms for the accurate estimation and prediction of power system quantities most relevant to the method are discussed. The observations from a recent investigation and conclusions that could prove useful for improving further the method are summarized together with some realistic timing considerations. A natural coupling of the two SIME based emergency control techniques: open-loop emergency control and E-SIME, so as to combine their complementary features is also discussed.
{"title":"E-SIME - A method for transient stability closed-loop emergency control: achievements and prospects","authors":"M. Glavic, D. Ernst, D. Ruiz-Vega, L. Wehenkel, M. Pavella","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410519","url":null,"abstract":"A general response-based technique is presented for closed-loop transient stability emergency control. It relies on E-SIME, derived from the hybrid transient stability method, SIME. E-SIME uses real-time information supposed to be furnished by phasor measurement units to predict the stability status of the power system, and, in view of an imminent instability, to design and trigger appropriate countermeasures, while continuing monitoring in order to check their effectiveness or to apply additional ones. Performance of the method in terms of accuracy and rapidity is scrutinized and illustrated on several real-world power system examples. New technical solutions and algorithms for the accurate estimation and prediction of power system quantities most relevant to the method are discussed. The observations from a recent investigation and conclusions that could prove useful for improving further the method are summarized together with some realistic timing considerations. A natural coupling of the two SIME based emergency control techniques: open-loop emergency control and E-SIME, so as to combine their complementary features is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126953541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410520
K. C. Almeida
This paper presents a study of the behavior of systems under power markets using a parametric optimal power flow model. A procedure based on a modified set of optimality conditions is used to track the system optimal operating points in the neighborhood of the maximum loading limit, defined by steady-state operating constraints. The characteristics of the operating points in this neighborhood and the consequences of reaching the system unstable operating region are analyzed. Results are presented for a 5-bus example.
{"title":"Steady-state behavior of a system under market environment near the maximum loading limit","authors":"K. C. Almeida","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410520","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of the behavior of systems under power markets using a parametric optimal power flow model. A procedure based on a modified set of optimality conditions is used to track the system optimal operating points in the neighborhood of the maximum loading limit, defined by steady-state operating constraints. The characteristics of the operating points in this neighborhood and the consequences of reaching the system unstable operating region are analyzed. Results are presented for a 5-bus example.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128093300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410576
Yan Xu, F. Li, J. Kueck, D. Rizy
Distributed energy (DE) resources are power sources located near load centers and equipped with power electronics converters to interface with the grid, therefore it is feasible for DE to provide reactive power (along with active power) locally for dynamic voltage regulation. In this paper, a synchronous condenser and a microturbine with an inverter interface are implemented in parallel in a distribution system to regulate the local voltage. Developed voltage control schemes for the inverter and the synchronous condenser are presented. Experimental results show that both the inverter and the synchronous condenser can regulate the local voltage instantaneously although the dynamic response of the inverter is much faster than the synchronous condenser. In a system with multiple DEs performing local voltage regulation, the interaction between the DEs is studied. The simulation results show the relationship between the voltages in the system and the reactive power required for the voltage regulation. Also, integrated voltage regulation (multiple DEs performing voltage regulation) can increase the voltage regulation capability of DEs and reduce the capital and operating costs.
{"title":"Experiment and simulation of dynamic voltage regulation with multiple distributed energy resources","authors":"Yan Xu, F. Li, J. Kueck, D. Rizy","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410576","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed energy (DE) resources are power sources located near load centers and equipped with power electronics converters to interface with the grid, therefore it is feasible for DE to provide reactive power (along with active power) locally for dynamic voltage regulation. In this paper, a synchronous condenser and a microturbine with an inverter interface are implemented in parallel in a distribution system to regulate the local voltage. Developed voltage control schemes for the inverter and the synchronous condenser are presented. Experimental results show that both the inverter and the synchronous condenser can regulate the local voltage instantaneously although the dynamic response of the inverter is much faster than the synchronous condenser. In a system with multiple DEs performing local voltage regulation, the interaction between the DEs is studied. The simulation results show the relationship between the voltages in the system and the reactive power required for the voltage regulation. Also, integrated voltage regulation (multiple DEs performing voltage regulation) can increase the voltage regulation capability of DEs and reduce the capital and operating costs.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132550413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410518
N. Yorino, M. Eghbal, E. E. El-Araby, Y. Zoka
This paper deals with optimal allocation of fast and slow VAR devices under different load levels. These devices are utilized to maintain system security in normal and contingency states, where corrective and preventive controls are implemented for the contingency cases. Load shedding and fast VAR devices are used in the corrective state in order to quickly restore system stability even though they are expensive, while cheap slow VAR devices can be used in the preventive state to obtain the desired security level. The main objective of this paper is to make a trade-off between economy and security by determining the optimal combination of fast and slow controls (load shedding, new slow and fast VAR devices). To meet the desired security limits, a variety of constraints have to be considered during the investigated transitions states. The proposed RPP problem is a combinatorial optimization problem, which cannot be solved easily by conventional optimization methods. Swarm optimization methods are reported to be efficient to solve combinatorial optimization problems. This paper discovers the efficiency of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Evolutionary PSO (EPSO) in solving the proposed RPP problem. The proposed approaches have been successfully tested on IEEE 14 bus system and a comparative study is illustrated.
{"title":"Voltage security constrained reactive power planning considering the costs and performance of VAR devices","authors":"N. Yorino, M. Eghbal, E. E. El-Araby, Y. Zoka","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410518","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with optimal allocation of fast and slow VAR devices under different load levels. These devices are utilized to maintain system security in normal and contingency states, where corrective and preventive controls are implemented for the contingency cases. Load shedding and fast VAR devices are used in the corrective state in order to quickly restore system stability even though they are expensive, while cheap slow VAR devices can be used in the preventive state to obtain the desired security level. The main objective of this paper is to make a trade-off between economy and security by determining the optimal combination of fast and slow controls (load shedding, new slow and fast VAR devices). To meet the desired security limits, a variety of constraints have to be considered during the investigated transitions states. The proposed RPP problem is a combinatorial optimization problem, which cannot be solved easily by conventional optimization methods. Swarm optimization methods are reported to be efficient to solve combinatorial optimization problems. This paper discovers the efficiency of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Evolutionary PSO (EPSO) in solving the proposed RPP problem. The proposed approaches have been successfully tested on IEEE 14 bus system and a comparative study is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117329100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-26DOI: 10.1109/IREP.2007.4410570
H. Sarmiento
This paper presents relevant aspects of a project to design and install a FCL of the resonant link type. This device consists of a series reactor and capacitor, tuned to 60 Hz. The series capacitor is shunted by a saturable reactor when a fault occurs.
{"title":"A fault current limiter based on an LC resonant circuit: Design, scale model and prototype field tests","authors":"H. Sarmiento","doi":"10.1109/IREP.2007.4410570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IREP.2007.4410570","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents relevant aspects of a project to design and install a FCL of the resonant link type. This device consists of a series reactor and capacitor, tuned to 60 Hz. The series capacitor is shunted by a saturable reactor when a fault occurs.","PeriodicalId":214545,"journal":{"name":"2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII. Revitalizing Operational Reliability","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130728698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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