Julien Hazemann, Thierry Kimmerlin, Roland Lange, Aengus Mac Sweeney, Geoffroy Bourquin, Daniel Ritz and Paul Czodrowski
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since its emergence in December 2019. As of January 2024, there has been over 774 million reported cases and 7 million deaths worldwide. While vaccination efforts have been successful in reducing the severity of the disease and decreasing the transmission rate, the development of effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 remains a critical need. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is an essential enzyme required for viral replication and has been identified as a promising target for drug development. In this study, we report the identification of novel Mpro inhibitors, using a combination of deep reinforcement learning for de novo drug design with 3D pharmacophore/shape-based alignment and privileged fragment match count scoring components followed by hit expansions and molecular docking approaches. Our experimentally validated results show that 3 novel series exhibit potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, with IC50 values ranging from 1.3 μM to 2.3 μM and a high degree of selectivity. These findings represent promising starting points for the development of new antiviral therapies against COVID-19.
{"title":"Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors through deep reinforcement learning for de novo drug design and computational chemistry approaches†","authors":"Julien Hazemann, Thierry Kimmerlin, Roland Lange, Aengus Mac Sweeney, Geoffroy Bourquin, Daniel Ritz and Paul Czodrowski","doi":"10.1039/D4MD00106K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4MD00106K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since its emergence in December 2019. As of January 2024, there has been over 774 million reported cases and 7 million deaths worldwide. While vaccination efforts have been successful in reducing the severity of the disease and decreasing the transmission rate, the development of effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 remains a critical need. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is an essential enzyme required for viral replication and has been identified as a promising target for drug development. In this study, we report the identification of novel Mpro inhibitors, using a combination of deep reinforcement learning for <em>de novo</em> drug design with 3D pharmacophore/shape-based alignment and privileged fragment match count scoring components followed by hit expansions and molecular docking approaches. Our experimentally validated results show that 3 novel series exhibit potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, with IC<small><sub>50</sub></small> values ranging from 1.3 μM to 2.3 μM and a high degree of selectivity. These findings represent promising starting points for the development of new antiviral therapies against COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":21462,"journal":{"name":"RSC medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/md/d4md00106k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141147987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avijit Bhakta, Sayeed Mukhtar, Saleha Anwar, Shaista Haider, Mohammed Issa Alahmdi, Humaira Parveen, Meshari A. Alsharif, Mohmmad Younus Wani, Anindita Chakrabarty, Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan and Naseem Ahmed
A series of novel phenothiazine-containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized under metal-free conditions in excellent yield. These derivatives were effectively transformed further into N-alkyl, sulfoxide, and sulfone derivatives. Derivatives were deployed against human microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK4), some molecules play crucial roles in cell-cycle progression such as G1/S transition and regulator of microtubule dynamics. Hence, molecules have shown excellent MARK4 inhibitory potential. Molecules with excellent IC50 values were selected for further studies such as ligand interactions using fluorescence quenching experiments for the binding constant. The highest binding constant was calculated as K = 0.79 × 105 and K = 0.1 × 107 for compounds 6a and 6h, respectively. Molecular docking, cell cytotoxicity, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species measurement and oxidative DNA damage were also studied to understand the mechanism of action of the molecules on cancer cells. It was found that the designed and synthesized compounds played anti-cancer roles by binding and inhibiting MARK4 protein.
本研究设计并在无金属条件下合成了一系列新型含吩噻嗪的咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶衍生物,收率极高。这些衍生物被有效地进一步转化为 N-烷基、亚砜和砜衍生物。这些衍生物被用于对抗人类微管亲和性调节激酶(MARK4),其中一些分子在细胞周期进展(如 G1/S 转换和微管动力学调节)中发挥着关键作用。因此,这些分子对 MARK4 具有很好的抑制潜力。我们选择了 IC50 值优异的分子进行进一步研究,如利用荧光淬灭实验测定结合常数,研究配体之间的相互作用。计算得出化合物 6a 和 6h 的最高结合常数分别为 K = 0.79 × 105 和 K = 0.1 × 107。此外,还研究了分子对接、细胞毒性、线粒体活性氧测量和 DNA 氧化损伤,以了解分子对癌细胞的作用机制。研究发现,设计合成的化合物通过结合和抑制 MARK4 蛋白发挥了抗癌作用。
{"title":"Design, synthesis, molecular docking and anti-proliferative activity of novel phenothiazine containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives against MARK4 protein†","authors":"Avijit Bhakta, Sayeed Mukhtar, Saleha Anwar, Shaista Haider, Mohammed Issa Alahmdi, Humaira Parveen, Meshari A. Alsharif, Mohmmad Younus Wani, Anindita Chakrabarty, Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan and Naseem Ahmed","doi":"10.1039/D4MD00059E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4MD00059E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A series of novel phenothiazine-containing imidazo[1,2-<em>a</em>]pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized under metal-free conditions in excellent yield. These derivatives were effectively transformed further into <em>N</em>-alkyl, sulfoxide, and sulfone derivatives. Derivatives were deployed against human microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK4), some molecules play crucial roles in cell-cycle progression such as G1/S transition and regulator of microtubule dynamics. Hence, molecules have shown excellent MARK4 inhibitory potential. Molecules with excellent IC<small><sub>50</sub></small> values were selected for further studies such as ligand interactions using fluorescence quenching experiments for the binding constant. The highest binding constant was calculated as <em>K</em> = 0.79 × 10<small><sup>5</sup></small> and <em>K</em> = 0.1 × 10<small><sup>7</sup></small> for compounds <strong>6a</strong> and <strong>6h</strong>, respectively. Molecular docking, cell cytotoxicity, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species measurement and oxidative DNA damage were also studied to understand the mechanism of action of the molecules on cancer cells. It was found that the designed and synthesized compounds played anti-cancer roles by binding and inhibiting MARK4 protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":21462,"journal":{"name":"RSC medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shagufta, Irshad Ahmad, Donna J. Nelson, Maheen Imtiaz Hussain and Noora Ali Nasar
Cancer is a complex disease and the second leading cause of death globally, and breast cancer is still a leading cause of cancer death in women. Tamoxifen is the most commonly used drug for breast cancer (ER-positive) treatment and chemoprevention, saving the lives of millions of patients every year. In addition, the tamoxifen template has been explored extensively for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) applicable in breast cancer, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal symptom treatment. Numerous anticancer drugs, including tamoxifen, are in use, but the complexity and heterogeneous nature of cancer complicate the effect of conventional targeted drugs, leading to adverse reactions and resistance. One of the significant approaches to overcome these shortcomings is drug hybrids, generated by covalently linking two or more active pharmacophores. These drug hybrids are remarkably effective in acting on multiple drug targets with higher selectivity and specificity. In recent years, several tamoxifen hybrids have been discovered as potential candidates for cancer treatment. The review highlights the recent progress in developing anticancer hybrids, including organometallic, fluorescent, photocaged, and novel ligand-based tamoxifen hybrids. It also demonstrates the significance of merging various pharmacophores with tamoxifen to produce more potent, precise, and effective anticancer agents. The study offers valuable knowledge to researchers working on cancer research with the hope of enhancing drug potency and reducing drug toxicity to improve cancer patients' lives.
{"title":"Potential of covalently linked tamoxifen hybrids for cancer treatment: recent update","authors":"Shagufta, Irshad Ahmad, Donna J. Nelson, Maheen Imtiaz Hussain and Noora Ali Nasar","doi":"10.1039/D3MD00632H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MD00632H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cancer is a complex disease and the second leading cause of death globally, and breast cancer is still a leading cause of cancer death in women. Tamoxifen is the most commonly used drug for breast cancer (ER-positive) treatment and chemoprevention, saving the lives of millions of patients every year. In addition, the tamoxifen template has been explored extensively for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) applicable in breast cancer, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal symptom treatment. Numerous anticancer drugs, including tamoxifen, are in use, but the complexity and heterogeneous nature of cancer complicate the effect of conventional targeted drugs, leading to adverse reactions and resistance. One of the significant approaches to overcome these shortcomings is drug hybrids, generated by covalently linking two or more active pharmacophores. These drug hybrids are remarkably effective in acting on multiple drug targets with higher selectivity and specificity. In recent years, several tamoxifen hybrids have been discovered as potential candidates for cancer treatment. The review highlights the recent progress in developing anticancer hybrids, including organometallic, fluorescent, photocaged, and novel ligand-based tamoxifen hybrids. It also demonstrates the significance of merging various pharmacophores with tamoxifen to produce more potent, precise, and effective anticancer agents. The study offers valuable knowledge to researchers working on cancer research with the hope of enhancing drug potency and reducing drug toxicity to improve cancer patients' lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":21462,"journal":{"name":"RSC medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manisha Lamba, Prasoon Raj Singh, Anupam Bandyopadhyay and Avijit Goswami
The concept of positron emission tomography (PET) based imaging was developed more than 40 years ago. It has been a widely adopted technique for detecting and staging numerous diseases in clinical settings, particularly cancer, neuro- and cardio-diseases. Here, we reviewed the evolution of PET and its advantages over other imaging modalities in clinical settings. Primarily, this review discusses recent advances in the synthesis of 18F radiolabeled biomolecules in light of the widely accepted performance for effective PET. The discussion particularly emphasizes the 18F-labeling chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, oligonucleotides, peptides, and protein molecules, which have shown promise for PET imaging in recent decades. In addition, we have deliberated on how 18F-labeled biomolecules enable the detection of metabolic changes at the cellular level and the selective imaging of gross anatomical localization via PET imaging. In the end, the review discusses the future perspective of PET imaging to control disease in clinical settings. We firmly believe that collaborative multidisciplinary research will further widen the comprehensive applications of PET approaches in the clinical management of cancer and other pathological outcomes.
基于正电子发射断层扫描(PET)的成像概念是 40 多年前提出的。在临床上,它已被广泛应用于多种疾病的检测和分期,尤其是癌症、神经和心血管疾病。在此,我们回顾了正电子发射计算机断层显像技术的发展历程,以及它在临床应用中相对于其他成像模式的优势。这篇综述主要讨论了在合成 18F 放射性标记生物分子方面的最新进展,这些生物分子在有效 PET 方面的性能已得到广泛认可。讨论中特别强调了碳水化合物、脂类、氨基酸、寡核苷酸、肽和蛋白质分子的 18F 标记化学,近几十年来,这些物质在 PET 成像中的应用前景广阔。此外,我们还讨论了 18F 标记的生物大分子如何通过 PET 成像检测细胞水平的代谢变化和大体解剖定位的选择性成像。最后,综述讨论了 PET 成像在临床环境中控制疾病的未来前景。我们坚信,多学科合作研究将进一步拓宽 PET 方法在癌症和其他病理结果临床管理中的全面应用。
{"title":"Synthetic 18F labeled biomolecules that are selective and promising for PET imaging: major advances and applications","authors":"Manisha Lamba, Prasoon Raj Singh, Anupam Bandyopadhyay and Avijit Goswami","doi":"10.1039/D4MD00033A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4MD00033A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The concept of positron emission tomography (PET) based imaging was developed more than 40 years ago. It has been a widely adopted technique for detecting and staging numerous diseases in clinical settings, particularly cancer, neuro- and cardio-diseases. Here, we reviewed the evolution of PET and its advantages over other imaging modalities in clinical settings. Primarily, this review discusses recent advances in the synthesis of <small><sup>18</sup></small>F radiolabeled biomolecules in light of the widely accepted performance for effective PET. The discussion particularly emphasizes the <small><sup>18</sup></small>F-labeling chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, oligonucleotides, peptides, and protein molecules, which have shown promise for PET imaging in recent decades. In addition, we have deliberated on how <small><sup>18</sup></small>F-labeled biomolecules enable the detection of metabolic changes at the cellular level and the selective imaging of gross anatomical localization <em>via</em> PET imaging. In the end, the review discusses the future perspective of PET imaging to control disease in clinical settings. We firmly believe that collaborative multidisciplinary research will further widen the comprehensive applications of PET approaches in the clinical management of cancer and other pathological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21462,"journal":{"name":"RSC medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuejie Zhu, Xiang Li, Qi Zhang, Xiantao Yang, Xudong Sun, Yi Pan, Xia Yuan, Yuan Ma, Bo Xu and Zhenjun Yang
Correction for ‘Aptamer AS1411 interacts with the KRAS promoter/hnRNP A1 complex and shows increased potency against drug-resistant lung cancer’ by Yuejie Zhu et al., RSC Med. Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3md00752a.
Jonas Kaltbeitzel, Christian Kersten and Peter R. Wich
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by postprandial fullness, upper abdominal bloating, and early satiation. Peripheral acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as acotiamide have shown efficacy in FD treatment, but their limited affinity towards the enzyme has hindered their effectiveness. Conversely, AChE inhibitors developed for Alzheimer's disease have high potency but exhibit strong central activity, making them unsuitable for FD treatment. In this study, we developed potent AChE inhibitors based on a donepezil and a phthalimide scaffold that contain additional amine groups. Our compounds demonstrate IC50 values in the low to mid-nanomolar range. Computational modelling was employed to determine important molecular interactions with AChE. The compounds show low membrane permeability, which indicates a significantly reduced central activity. These findings suggest that the developed inhibitors could potentially serve as promising treatments for functional dyspepsia.
{"title":"Amine-containing donepezil analogues as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with increased polarity†","authors":"Jonas Kaltbeitzel, Christian Kersten and Peter R. Wich","doi":"10.1039/D3MD00635B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MD00635B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by postprandial fullness, upper abdominal bloating, and early satiation. Peripheral acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as acotiamide have shown efficacy in FD treatment, but their limited affinity towards the enzyme has hindered their effectiveness. Conversely, AChE inhibitors developed for Alzheimer's disease have high potency but exhibit strong central activity, making them unsuitable for FD treatment. In this study, we developed potent AChE inhibitors based on a donepezil and a phthalimide scaffold that contain additional amine groups. Our compounds demonstrate IC<small><sub>50</sub></small> values in the low to mid-nanomolar range. Computational modelling was employed to determine important molecular interactions with AChE. The compounds show low membrane permeability, which indicates a significantly reduced central activity. These findings suggest that the developed inhibitors could potentially serve as promising treatments for functional dyspepsia.</p>","PeriodicalId":21462,"journal":{"name":"RSC medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nilesh Raghunath Khedkar, Milind Sindkhedkar and Alex Joseph
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) enzyme plays a critical role in governing the cell cycle, positioning it as a promising target for the development of anticancer drugs. In this study, we endeavored to design and synthesize innovative EGFR inhibitors with potential applications in anticancer therapy. A novel series of compounds, namely 3-(4-(4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (30a–j), were meticulously designed using FBDD efforts and synthesized. The synthesized compounds underwent thorough characterization using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HRMS, and mass spectrum analyses. The in vitro anticancer activities of the newly developed compounds (30a–j) were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines such as prostate cancer (PC3 & DU-145), lung cancer (A549), and liver cancer (HEPG2) using the MTT method. The results, expressed as IC50 values, demonstrated significant anticancer activity for several compounds, with five compounds (30a, 30b, 30c, 30i, and 30j) exhibiting superior potency compared to the established anticancer drug etoposide. Notably, compound 30a emerged as the most promising compound, displaying potent cytotoxicity. We also conducted a screening of the compounds on the normal Vero cell line, revealing a pronounced selectivity of the compounds against cancer cell lines, with no observable impact on the normal cell lines. Moreover, the synthesized compounds were investigated for their impact on enzyme EGFR activity. The findings revealed a robust inhibitory effect against the EGFR wild-type enzyme and a 10-fold inferior potency against the mutant form of EGFR. This observation underscores the potential of the new derivatives as effective EGFRWT inhibitors with substantial anticancer efficacy. Further studies, including cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays in HEPG2 cell lines, revealed cell cycle arrest at G1/G0 and G2 phases. We also evaluated the potential influence of compound 30a on the EGFR pathway using western blot analysis, revealing a significant inhibition of EGFR autophosphorylation in HEPG2 cells. In conclusion, our findings highlight the promise of these novel compounds as potent EGFR inhibitors, encouraging further investigation and development for the creation of novel and effective anticancer therapeutics.
{"title":"Computational design, synthesis, and assessment of 3-(4-(4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as effective epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: a prospective strategy for anticancer therapy†","authors":"Nilesh Raghunath Khedkar, Milind Sindkhedkar and Alex Joseph","doi":"10.1039/D4MD00055B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4MD00055B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) enzyme plays a critical role in governing the cell cycle, positioning it as a promising target for the development of anticancer drugs. In this study, we endeavored to design and synthesize innovative EGFR inhibitors with potential applications in anticancer therapy. A novel series of compounds, namely 3-(4-(4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1<em>H</em>-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (<strong>30a–j</strong>), were meticulously designed using FBDD efforts and synthesized. The synthesized compounds underwent thorough characterization using <small><sup>1</sup></small>HNMR, <small><sup>13</sup></small>CNMR, HRMS, and mass spectrum analyses. The <em>in vitro</em> anticancer activities of the newly developed compounds (<strong>30a–j</strong>) were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines such as prostate cancer (PC3 & DU-145), lung cancer (A549), and liver cancer (HEPG2) using the MTT method. The results, expressed as IC<small><sub>50</sub></small> values, demonstrated significant anticancer activity for several compounds, with five compounds (<strong>30a</strong>, <strong>30b</strong>, <strong>30c</strong>, <strong>30i</strong>, and <strong>30j</strong>) exhibiting superior potency compared to the established anticancer drug etoposide. Notably, compound <strong>30a</strong> emerged as the most promising compound, displaying potent cytotoxicity. We also conducted a screening of the compounds on the normal Vero cell line, revealing a pronounced selectivity of the compounds against cancer cell lines, with no observable impact on the normal cell lines. Moreover, the synthesized compounds were investigated for their impact on enzyme EGFR activity. The findings revealed a robust inhibitory effect against the EGFR wild-type enzyme and a 10-fold inferior potency against the mutant form of EGFR. This observation underscores the potential of the new derivatives as effective EGFR<small><sup>WT</sup></small> inhibitors with substantial anticancer efficacy. Further studies, including cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays in HEPG2 cell lines, revealed cell cycle arrest at G1/G0 and G2 phases. We also evaluated the potential influence of compound <strong>30a</strong> on the EGFR pathway using western blot analysis, revealing a significant inhibition of EGFR autophosphorylation in HEPG2 cells. In conclusion, our findings highlight the promise of these novel compounds as potent EGFR inhibitors, encouraging further investigation and development for the creation of novel and effective anticancer therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21462,"journal":{"name":"RSC medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140588684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federica Moraca, Ilaria Vespoli, Domenico Mastroianni, Vincenzo Piscopo, Rosa Gaglione, Angela Arciello, Mauro De Nisco, Severina Pacifico, Bruno Catalanotti and Silvana Pedatella
Several scientific evidences report that a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is played by the deposition of insoluble aggregates of β-amyloid proteins in the brain. Because Aβ is self-assembling, one possible design strategy is to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ peptides using short peptide fragments homologous to the full-length wild-type Aβ protein. In the past years, several studies have reported on the synthesis of some short synthetic peptides called β-sheet breaker peptides (BSBPs). Herein, we present the synthesis of novel (cell-permeable) N-methyl BSBPs, designed based on literature information on the structural key features of BSBPs. Three-dimensional GRID-based pharmacophore peptide screening combined with PT-WTE metadynamics was performed to support the results of the design and microwave-assisted synthesis of peptides 2 and 3 prepared and analyzed for their fibrillogenesis inhibition activity and cytotoxicity. An HR-MS-based cell metabolomic approach highlighted their cell permeability properties.
{"title":"Synthesis, biological evaluation and metadynamics simulations of novel N-methyl β-sheet breaker peptides as inhibitors of Alzheimer's β-amyloid fibrillogenesis†","authors":"Federica Moraca, Ilaria Vespoli, Domenico Mastroianni, Vincenzo Piscopo, Rosa Gaglione, Angela Arciello, Mauro De Nisco, Severina Pacifico, Bruno Catalanotti and Silvana Pedatella","doi":"10.1039/D4MD00057A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4MD00057A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Several scientific evidences report that a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is played by the deposition of insoluble aggregates of β-amyloid proteins in the brain. Because Aβ is self-assembling, one possible design strategy is to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ peptides using short peptide fragments homologous to the full-length wild-type Aβ protein. In the past years, several studies have reported on the synthesis of some short synthetic peptides called β-sheet breaker peptides (BSBPs). Herein, we present the synthesis of novel (cell-permeable) <em>N</em>-methyl BSBPs, designed based on literature information on the structural key features of BSBPs. Three-dimensional GRID-based pharmacophore peptide screening combined with PT-WTE metadynamics was performed to support the results of the design and microwave-assisted synthesis of peptides <strong>2</strong> and <strong>3</strong> prepared and analyzed for their fibrillogenesis inhibition activity and cytotoxicity. An HR-MS-based cell metabolomic approach highlighted their cell permeability properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":21462,"journal":{"name":"RSC medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandr Kazimir, Tom Götze, Blagoje Murganić, Sanja Mijatović, Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić and Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
Raloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention and therapy of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, with some degree of effectiveness against triple-negative forms. This suggests the presence of oestrogen receptor-independent pathways in raloxifene-mediated anticancer activity. To enhance the potential of raloxifene against the most aggressive breast cancer cells, hybrid molecules combining the drug with a metal chelator moiety have been developed. In this study, we synthetically modified the structure of raloxifene by incorporating a 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bipy) moiety, resulting in [6-methoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl]-[4-(2,2′-bipyridin-4′-yl-methoxy)phenyl]methanone (bipyraloxifene). We investigated the cytotoxic activity of both raloxifene and bipyraloxifene against ER+ breast adenocarcinomas, glioblastomas, and a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, elucidating their mode of action against TNBC. Bipyraloxifene maintained a mechanism based on caspase-mediated apoptosis but exhibited significantly higher activity and selectivity compared to the original drug, particularly evident in triple-negative stem-like MDA-MB-231 cells.
{"title":"Bipyraloxifene – a modified raloxifene vector against triple-negative breast cancer†","authors":"Aleksandr Kazimir, Tom Götze, Blagoje Murganić, Sanja Mijatović, Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić and Evamarie Hey-Hawkins","doi":"10.1039/D4MD00051J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4MD00051J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Raloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention and therapy of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, with some degree of effectiveness against triple-negative forms. This suggests the presence of oestrogen receptor-independent pathways in raloxifene-mediated anticancer activity. To enhance the potential of raloxifene against the most aggressive breast cancer cells, hybrid molecules combining the drug with a metal chelator moiety have been developed. In this study, we synthetically modified the structure of raloxifene by incorporating a 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bipy) moiety, resulting in [6-methoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzo[<em>b</em>]thiophen-3-yl]-[4-(2,2′-bipyridin-4′-yl-methoxy)phenyl]methanone (bipyraloxifene). We investigated the cytotoxic activity of both raloxifene and bipyraloxifene against ER+ breast adenocarcinomas, glioblastomas, and a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, elucidating their mode of action against TNBC. Bipyraloxifene maintained a mechanism based on caspase-mediated apoptosis but exhibited significantly higher activity and selectivity compared to the original drug, particularly evident in triple-negative stem-like MDA-MB-231 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":21462,"journal":{"name":"RSC medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/md/d4md00051j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pallavi Saha, Shashikanta Sau, Nitin Pal Kalia and Deepak K. Sharma
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2) transports electrons into the mycobacterial respiratory pathway at the cost of reduction of NADH to NAD+ and is an attractive drug target. Herein, we have synthesised a series of 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles (C1–C14) and evaluated their anti-tubercular potential as Mtb NDH-2 inhibitors. The synthesised compounds C1–C14 were evaluated for MIC90 and ATP depletion against Mtb H37Ra, M. bovis, and Mtb H37Rv mc2 6230. Compounds C3, C4, and C11 were found to be the active molecules in the series and were further evaluated for their MIC90 against Mtb-resistant strains and for their bactericidal potential against Mtb H37Rv mc26230. The Peredox-mCherry-expressing Mtb strain was used to examine whether C3, C4, and C11 possess NDH-2 inhibitory potential. Furthermore, cytotoxicity analysis against HepG2 displayed a safety index (SI) of >10 for C3 and C4. To get an insight into the mode of interaction at NDH-2, we have performed computational analysis of our active compounds.
{"title":"Antitubercular activity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis type II NADH dehydrogenase†","authors":"Pallavi Saha, Shashikanta Sau, Nitin Pal Kalia and Deepak K. Sharma","doi":"10.1039/D4MD00118D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4MD00118D","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (<em>Mtb</em>) type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2) transports electrons into the mycobacterial respiratory pathway at the cost of reduction of NADH to NAD<small><sup>+</sup></small> and is an attractive drug target. Herein, we have synthesised a series of 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles (<strong>C1–C14</strong>) and evaluated their anti-tubercular potential as <em>Mtb</em> NDH-2 inhibitors. The synthesised compounds <strong>C1–C14</strong> were evaluated for MIC<small><sub>90</sub></small> and ATP depletion against <em>Mtb</em> H37Ra, <em>M. bovis</em>, and <em>Mtb</em> H37Rv mc<small><sup>2</sup></small> 6230. Compounds <strong>C3</strong>, <strong>C4</strong>, and <strong>C11</strong> were found to be the active molecules in the series and were further evaluated for their MIC<small><sub>90</sub></small> against <em>Mtb</em>-resistant strains and for their bactericidal potential against <em>Mtb</em> H37Rv mc<small><sup>2</sup></small>6230. The Peredox-mCherry-expressing <em>Mtb</em> strain was used to examine whether <strong>C3</strong>, <strong>C4</strong>, and <strong>C11</strong> possess NDH-2 inhibitory potential. Furthermore, cytotoxicity analysis against HepG2 displayed a safety index (SI) of >10 for <strong>C3</strong> and <strong>C4</strong>. To get an insight into the mode of interaction at NDH-2, we have performed computational analysis of our active compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":21462,"journal":{"name":"RSC medicinal chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}