Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-06-25DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4101
Katrina J Blindow, Emelie Thern, Julio C Hernando-Rodriguez, Anna Nyberg, Linda L Magnusson Hanson
Objective: The study investigated experiences of different types of work-related gender-based harassment (GBH), specifically sexual and gender harassment, as risk factors for alcohol-related morbidity and mortality (ARMM).
Methods: Information about experiences of (i) sexual harassment (SH-I) and (ii) gender harassment (GH-I) from inside the organization and (iii) sexual harassment from a person external to the organization (SH-E) were obtained from the Swedish Work Environment Survey 1995-2013, a biannual cross-sectional survey, administered to a representative sample of the Swedish working population. The survey responses from 86 033 individuals were connected to multiple registers containing information about alcohol-related diagnoses, treatment, or cause of death. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to assess hazard ratios (HR) of incident ARMM during a mean follow-up of eight (SH-I and GH-I) and ten (SH-E) years.
Results: A higher prospective risk estimate of ARMM was found among participants who reported experiences of SH-E [HR 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61-2.52], GH-I (HR 1.33, CI 1.03-1.70), or SH-I (HR 2.37, CI 1.42-3.00). Additional analyses, distinguishing one-time from reoccurring harassment experiences, indicated a dose-response relationship for all three harassment types. Gender did not modify the associations. Under the assumption of causality, 9.3% (95% CI 5.4-13.1) of the risk of ARMM among Swedish women and 2.1% (95% CI 0.6-3.6) among Swedish men would be attributable to any of the three types of GBH included in this study.
Conclusions: Experiences of GBH in the work context may be a highly relevant factor in the etiology of ARMM.
{"title":"Gender-based harassment in Swedish workplaces and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality: A prospective cohort study.","authors":"Katrina J Blindow, Emelie Thern, Julio C Hernando-Rodriguez, Anna Nyberg, Linda L Magnusson Hanson","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4101","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study investigated experiences of different types of work-related gender-based harassment (GBH), specifically sexual and gender harassment, as risk factors for alcohol-related morbidity and mortality (ARMM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Information about experiences of (i) sexual harassment (SH-I) and (ii) gender harassment (GH-I) from inside the organization and (iii) sexual harassment from a person external to the organization (SH-E) were obtained from the Swedish Work Environment Survey 1995-2013, a biannual cross-sectional survey, administered to a representative sample of the Swedish working population. The survey responses from 86 033 individuals were connected to multiple registers containing information about alcohol-related diagnoses, treatment, or cause of death. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to assess hazard ratios (HR) of incident ARMM during a mean follow-up of eight (SH-I and GH-I) and ten (SH-E) years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher prospective risk estimate of ARMM was found among participants who reported experiences of SH-E [HR 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61-2.52], GH-I (HR 1.33, CI 1.03-1.70), or SH-I (HR 2.37, CI 1.42-3.00). Additional analyses, distinguishing one-time from reoccurring harassment experiences, indicated a dose-response relationship for all three harassment types. Gender did not modify the associations. Under the assumption of causality, 9.3% (95% CI 5.4-13.1) of the risk of ARMM among Swedish women and 2.1% (95% CI 0.6-3.6) among Swedish men would be attributable to any of the three types of GBH included in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Experiences of GBH in the work context may be a highly relevant factor in the etiology of ARMM.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10782510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10132509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01Epub Date: 2023-04-24DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4095
Liisa Ukkola-Vuoti, Antti Karlsson, Samuli Tuominen, Mariann I Lassenius, Jaakko Aaltonen, Martta Ranta, Mikko Kosunen, Mari Renlund, Anne Lehtonen, Kari Puolakka
Objectives: Patients with idiopathic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD) often have decreased working capacity resulting in indirect costs. However, data on patients' short-term sick leave has been limited. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the number and length of sick leave, including short-term leave, and occupational healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) of the working-aged patients with IIRD compared to controls.
Methods: The data on sick leave and occupational HCRU were gathered from the electronic medical records of the largest occupational healthcare provider in Finland from January 2012 to December 2019. Employed patients with an IIRD (including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, psoriatic and enteropathic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, and reactive arthritis) with at least a 12-months follow-up were identified and compared to age-, sex-, and follow-up matched controls without IIRD.
Results: Altogether 5405 patients with IIRD were identified and compared with an equal number of controls. The patients incurred approximately 2.5 times more sick leave than controls: 21.7 versus 8.5 days per patient year, respectively. Short-term sick leave was common: 83% of sickness absence periods of the patients lasted 1-9 days and represented 30% of the total absenteeism. Loss of productivity due to lost workdays was on average €4572 (95% confidence interval €4352-4804) per patient year. Occupational HCRU was approximately 1.8 times higher among IIRD patients than controls.
Conclusions: Workers with an IIRD incur considerably more sick leave and use more occupational healthcare services than controls. Short sick leave not registered in national insurance registers constitute a significant portion of days off work among patients with IIRD.
{"title":"Burden of idiopathic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in occupational healthcare: increased absenteeism and healthcare resource utilization.","authors":"Liisa Ukkola-Vuoti, Antti Karlsson, Samuli Tuominen, Mariann I Lassenius, Jaakko Aaltonen, Martta Ranta, Mikko Kosunen, Mari Renlund, Anne Lehtonen, Kari Puolakka","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4095","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients with idiopathic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD) often have decreased working capacity resulting in indirect costs. However, data on patients' short-term sick leave has been limited. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the number and length of sick leave, including short-term leave, and occupational healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) of the working-aged patients with IIRD compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data on sick leave and occupational HCRU were gathered from the electronic medical records of the largest occupational healthcare provider in Finland from January 2012 to December 2019. Employed patients with an IIRD (including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, psoriatic and enteropathic arthritis, juvenile arthritis, and reactive arthritis) with at least a 12-months follow-up were identified and compared to age-, sex-, and follow-up matched controls without IIRD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether 5405 patients with IIRD were identified and compared with an equal number of controls. The patients incurred approximately 2.5 times more sick leave than controls: 21.7 versus 8.5 days per patient year, respectively. Short-term sick leave was common: 83% of sickness absence periods of the patients lasted 1-9 days and represented 30% of the total absenteeism. Loss of productivity due to lost workdays was on average €4572 (95% confidence interval €4352-4804) per patient year. Occupational HCRU was approximately 1.8 times higher among IIRD patients than controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Workers with an IIRD incur considerably more sick leave and use more occupational healthcare services than controls. Short sick leave not registered in national insurance registers constitute a significant portion of days off work among patients with IIRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10713983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9733194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01Epub Date: 2023-04-30DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4096
Kathleen G Dobson, Cameron A Mustard, Nancy Carnide, Andrea D Furlan, Peter M Smith
Objectives: In a cohort of workers disabled by a work-related injury or illness, this study aimed to: (i) compare pre-injury prevalence estimates for common chronic conditions to chronic condition prevalence in a representative sample of working adults; (ii) calculate the incidence of chronic conditions post-injury; and (iii) estimate the association between persistent pain symptoms and the incidence of common chronic conditions.
Methods: Eighteen months post-injury, 1832 workers disabled by a work-related injury or illness in Ontario, Canada, completed an interviewer-administered survey. Participants reported pre- and post-injury prevalence of seven physician-diagnosed chronic conditions, and demographic, employment, and health characteristics. Pre-injury prevalence estimates were compared to estimates from a representative sample of workers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of persistent pain with post-injury chronic condition incidence.
Results: Age-standardized pre-injury prevalence rates for diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, and back problems were similar to prevalence rates observed among working adults in Ontario, while prevalence rates for mood disorder, asthma and migraine were moderately elevated. Post-injury prevalence rates of mood disorder, migraine, hypertension, arthritis, and back problems were elevated substantially in this cohort. High persistent pain symptoms were strongly associated with the 18-month incidence of these conditions.
Conclusions: The incidence of five chronic conditions over an 18-month follow-up period post injury was substantial. Persistent pain at 18 months was associated with this elevated incidence, with population attributable fraction estimates suggesting that 37-39% of incident conditions may be attributed to exposure to high levels of persistent pain.
{"title":"Association of persistent pain with the incidence of chronic conditions following a disabling work-related injury.","authors":"Kathleen G Dobson, Cameron A Mustard, Nancy Carnide, Andrea D Furlan, Peter M Smith","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4096","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In a cohort of workers disabled by a work-related injury or illness, this study aimed to: (i) compare pre-injury prevalence estimates for common chronic conditions to chronic condition prevalence in a representative sample of working adults; (ii) calculate the incidence of chronic conditions post-injury; and (iii) estimate the association between persistent pain symptoms and the incidence of common chronic conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen months post-injury, 1832 workers disabled by a work-related injury or illness in Ontario, Canada, completed an interviewer-administered survey. Participants reported pre- and post-injury prevalence of seven physician-diagnosed chronic conditions, and demographic, employment, and health characteristics. Pre-injury prevalence estimates were compared to estimates from a representative sample of workers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of persistent pain with post-injury chronic condition incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-standardized pre-injury prevalence rates for diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, and back problems were similar to prevalence rates observed among working adults in Ontario, while prevalence rates for mood disorder, asthma and migraine were moderately elevated. Post-injury prevalence rates of mood disorder, migraine, hypertension, arthritis, and back problems were elevated substantially in this cohort. High persistent pain symptoms were strongly associated with the 18-month incidence of these conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of five chronic conditions over an 18-month follow-up period post injury was substantial. Persistent pain at 18 months was associated with this elevated incidence, with population attributable fraction estimates suggesting that 37-39% of incident conditions may be attributed to exposure to high levels of persistent pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10713986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9733214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01Epub Date: 2023-05-09DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4097
Birgit Aust, Jeppe Lykke Møller, Mads Nordentoft, Karen Bo Frydendall, Elizabeth Bengtsen, Andreas Brøgger Jensen, Anne Helene Garde, Michiel Kompier, Norbert Semmer, Reiner Rugulies, Sofie Østergaard Jaspers
Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of organizational-level interventions in improving the psychosocial work environment and workers' health and retention.
Methods: We conducted an overview of systematic reviews on organizational-level interventions published between 2000 and 2020. We systematically searched academic databases, screened reference lists, and contacted experts, yielding 27 736 records. Of the 76 eligible reviews, 24 of weak quality were excluded, yielding 52 reviews of moderate (N=32) or strong (N=20) quality, covering 957 primary studies. We assessed quality of evidence based on quality of review, consistency of results, and proportion of controlled studies.
Results: Of the 52 reviews, 30 studied a specific intervention approach and 22 specific outcomes. Regarding intervention approaches, we found strong quality of evidence for interventions focusing on "changes in working time arrangements" and moderate quality of evidence for "influence on work tasks or work organization", "health care approach changes", and "improvements of the psychosocial work environment". Regarding outcomes, we found strong quality of evidence for interventions about "burnout" and moderate quality evidence for "various health and wellbeing outcomes". For all other types of interventions, quality of evidence was either low or inconclusive, including interventions on retention.
Conclusions: This overview of reviews identified strong or moderate quality of evidence for the effectiveness of organizational-level interventions for four specific intervention approaches and two health outcomes. This suggests that the work environment and the health of employees can be improved by certain organizational-level interventions. We need more research, especially about implementation and context, to improve the evidence.
{"title":"How effective are organizational-level interventions in improving the psychosocial work environment, health, and retention of workers? A systematic overview of systematic reviews.","authors":"Birgit Aust, Jeppe Lykke Møller, Mads Nordentoft, Karen Bo Frydendall, Elizabeth Bengtsen, Andreas Brøgger Jensen, Anne Helene Garde, Michiel Kompier, Norbert Semmer, Reiner Rugulies, Sofie Østergaard Jaspers","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4097","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of organizational-level interventions in improving the psychosocial work environment and workers' health and retention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an overview of systematic reviews on organizational-level interventions published between 2000 and 2020. We systematically searched academic databases, screened reference lists, and contacted experts, yielding 27 736 records. Of the 76 eligible reviews, 24 of weak quality were excluded, yielding 52 reviews of moderate (N=32) or strong (N=20) quality, covering 957 primary studies. We assessed quality of evidence based on quality of review, consistency of results, and proportion of controlled studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 52 reviews, 30 studied a specific intervention approach and 22 specific outcomes. Regarding intervention approaches, we found strong quality of evidence for interventions focusing on \"changes in working time arrangements\" and moderate quality of evidence for \"influence on work tasks or work organization\", \"health care approach changes\", and \"improvements of the psychosocial work environment\". Regarding outcomes, we found strong quality of evidence for interventions about \"burnout\" and moderate quality evidence for \"various health and wellbeing outcomes\". For all other types of interventions, quality of evidence was either low or inconclusive, including interventions on retention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This overview of reviews identified strong or moderate quality of evidence for the effectiveness of organizational-level interventions for four specific intervention approaches and two health outcomes. This suggests that the work environment and the health of employees can be improved by certain organizational-level interventions. We need more research, especially about implementation and context, to improve the evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10713994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9760531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01Epub Date: 2023-06-25DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4107
Alex Burdorf
{"title":"How to improve intervention research on the psychosocial work environment?","authors":"Alex Burdorf","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4107","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10713987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9738622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01Epub Date: 2023-04-17DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4092
Sarah Beale, Alexei Yavlinsky, Susan Hoskins, Vincent Nguyen, Thomas Byrne, Wing Lam Erica Fong, Jana Kovar, Martie Van Tongeren, Robert W Aldridge, Andrew Hayward
Objectives: COVID-19 mitigations have had a profound impact on workplaces, however, multisectoral comparisons of how work-related mitigations were applied are limited. This study aimed to investigate (i) occupational differences in the usage of key work-related mitigations over time and (ii) workers' perceptions of these mitigations.
Methods: Employed/self-employed Virus Watch study participants (N=6279) responded to a mitigation-related online survey covering the periods of December 2020-February 2022. Logistic regression was used to investigate occupation- and time-related differences in the usage of work-related mitigation methods. Participants' perceptions of mitigation methods were investigated descriptively using proportions.
Results: Usage of work-related mitigation methods differed between occupations and over time, likely reflecting variation in job roles, workplace environments, legislation and guidance. Healthcare workers had the highest predicted probabilities for several mitigations, including reporting frequent hand hygiene [predicted probability across all survey periods 0.61 (95% CI 0.56-0.66)] and always wearing face coverings [predicted probability range 0.71 (95% CI 0.66-0.75) - 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.84) across survey periods]. There were significant cross-occupational trends towards reduced mitigations during periods of less stringent national restrictions. The majority of participants across occupations (55-88%) agreed that most mitigations were reasonable and worthwhile even after the relaxation of national restrictions; agreement was lower for physical distancing (39-44%).
Conclusions: While usage of work-related mitigations appeared to vary alongside stringency of national restrictions, agreement that most mitigations were reasonable and worthwhile remained substantial. Further investigation into the factors underlying between-occupational differences could assist pandemic planning and prevention of workplace COVID-19 transmission.
目标:COVID-19 减缓措施对工作场所产生了深远的影响,然而,对如何应用与工作相关的减缓措施进行多部门比较却很有限。本研究旨在调查:(i) 随着时间的推移,使用主要工作相关缓解措施的职业差异;(ii) 工人对这些缓解措施的看法:受雇/自雇的病毒观察研究参与者(N=6279)对 2020 年 12 月至 2022 年 2 月期间与缓解措施相关的在线调查做出了回复。采用逻辑回归法调查与工作相关的缓解方法使用情况中与职业和时间相关的差异。使用比例对参与者对缓解方法的看法进行了描述性调查:与工作相关的缓解方法的使用情况因职业和时间而异,这可能反映了工作角色、工作场所环境、立法和指导方面的差异。医疗保健工作者使用几种缓解方法的预测概率最高,包括经常报告手部卫生[在所有调查期间的预测概率为 0.61 (95% CI 0.56-0.66)]和总是戴面罩[在所有调查期间的预测概率范围为 0.71 (95% CI 0.66-0.75) - 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.84)]。在国家限制措施不那么严格的时期,跨职业的减灾趋势非常明显。各职业的大多数参与者(55-88%)都认为,即使在国家限制放宽后,大多数缓解措施也是合理和值得的;但对物理距离的认同度较低(39-44%):结论:虽然与工作相关的缓解措施的使用似乎随着国家限制的严格程度而变化,但大多数缓解措施是合理和值得的这一共识仍然很大。对造成职业间差异的因素进行进一步调查有助于制定大流行规划和预防工作场所的 COVID-19 传播。
{"title":"Between-occupation differences in work-related COVID-19 mitigation strategies over time: Analysis of the Virus Watch Cohort in England and Wales.","authors":"Sarah Beale, Alexei Yavlinsky, Susan Hoskins, Vincent Nguyen, Thomas Byrne, Wing Lam Erica Fong, Jana Kovar, Martie Van Tongeren, Robert W Aldridge, Andrew Hayward","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4092","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>COVID-19 mitigations have had a profound impact on workplaces, however, multisectoral comparisons of how work-related mitigations were applied are limited. This study aimed to investigate (i) occupational differences in the usage of key work-related mitigations over time and (ii) workers' perceptions of these mitigations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employed/self-employed Virus Watch study participants (N=6279) responded to a mitigation-related online survey covering the periods of December 2020-February 2022. Logistic regression was used to investigate occupation- and time-related differences in the usage of work-related mitigation methods. Participants' perceptions of mitigation methods were investigated descriptively using proportions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Usage of work-related mitigation methods differed between occupations and over time, likely reflecting variation in job roles, workplace environments, legislation and guidance. Healthcare workers had the highest predicted probabilities for several mitigations, including reporting frequent hand hygiene [predicted probability across all survey periods 0.61 (95% CI 0.56-0.66)] and always wearing face coverings [predicted probability range 0.71 (95% CI 0.66-0.75) - 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.84) across survey periods]. There were significant cross-occupational trends towards reduced mitigations during periods of less stringent national restrictions. The majority of participants across occupations (55-88%) agreed that most mitigations were reasonable and worthwhile even after the relaxation of national restrictions; agreement was lower for physical distancing (39-44%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While usage of work-related mitigations appeared to vary alongside stringency of national restrictions, agreement that most mitigations were reasonable and worthwhile remained substantial. Further investigation into the factors underlying between-occupational differences could assist pandemic planning and prevention of workplace COVID-19 transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10713985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9724844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the short-term associations between in-vehicle ultrafine particles (UFP) and black carbon (BC) concentrations and irritation symptoms and lung parameters of taxi drivers, pre- and post-lockdown. METHODS As part of PUF-TAXI project, 33 taxi drivers were followed up during two typical working days. In-vehicle UFP and BC were continuously measured by monitoring instruments. Irritation symptoms during the working day were reported via an auto-questionnaire and lung function was assessed by a portable spirometer, pre- and post- work shift. Generalized estimating equations, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to study the association between air pollutants and health outcomes. Effect modification by measurement period (pre- and post-lockdown) was investigated. RESULTS UFP and BC concentrations inside taxi vehicles decreased significantly post- compared to pre-lockdown. Incidence of nose irritation was positively associated with in-vehicle UFP and BC levels pre-lockdown, when pollutant levels were higher, whereas no significant association was found post-lockdown. The decrease in the FEF25-75% (forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of the forced vital capacity) during the working day was significantly associated with in-taxi UFP levels before but not after lockdown. No association was found with BC. By contrast, incidence of eye irritation was significantly inversely associated with in-vehicle humidity, regardless of pollutant concentrations and the measurement period. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that an upgrade in in-vehicle air quality could improve respiratory health. This study showed that the magnitude of the incidence of nasal irritation and decrease in lung function depends on UFP concentrations the commuters are exposed to.
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on the short-term association between in-vehicle particulate pollutants and the respiratory health of Parisian taxi drivers.","authors":"Melissa Hachem, L. Bensefa-Colas, I. Momas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4048904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4048904","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000This study assessed the short-term associations between in-vehicle ultrafine particles (UFP) and black carbon (BC) concentrations and irritation symptoms and lung parameters of taxi drivers, pre- and post-lockdown.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000As part of PUF-TAXI project, 33 taxi drivers were followed up during two typical working days. In-vehicle UFP and BC were continuously measured by monitoring instruments. Irritation symptoms during the working day were reported via an auto-questionnaire and lung function was assessed by a portable spirometer, pre- and post- work shift. Generalized estimating equations, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to study the association between air pollutants and health outcomes. Effect modification by measurement period (pre- and post-lockdown) was investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000UFP and BC concentrations inside taxi vehicles decreased significantly post- compared to pre-lockdown. Incidence of nose irritation was positively associated with in-vehicle UFP and BC levels pre-lockdown, when pollutant levels were higher, whereas no significant association was found post-lockdown. The decrease in the FEF25-75% (forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of the forced vital capacity) during the working day was significantly associated with in-taxi UFP levels before but not after lockdown. No association was found with BC. By contrast, incidence of eye irritation was significantly inversely associated with in-vehicle humidity, regardless of pollutant concentrations and the measurement period.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Our findings indicate that an upgrade in in-vehicle air quality could improve respiratory health. This study showed that the magnitude of the incidence of nasal irritation and decrease in lung function depends on UFP concentrations the commuters are exposed to.","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90545626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01Epub Date: 2023-04-12DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4094
Alex Burdorf, Reiner Rugulies
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Pub Date : 2023-05-01Epub Date: 2023-03-05DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4084
Andreas Hoff, Rie Mandrup Poulsen, Jonas Peter Fisker, Carsten Hjorthøj, Merete Nordentoft, Anders Bo Bojesen, Lene Falgaard Eplov
Objectives: Integrating vocational rehabilitation and mental healthcare has shown effects on vocational outcomes during sick leave with common mental disorders. In a previous paper, we showed that a Danish integrated healthcare and vocational rehabilitation intervention (INT) had a surprisingly negative impact on vocational outcomes compared to service as usual (SAU) at 6- and 12-month follow-up. That was also the case with a mental healthcare intervention (MHC) tested in the same study. This article reports the 24-month follow-up results of that same study.
Method: A randomized, parallel-group, three-arm, multi-centre superiority trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of INT and MHC compared to SAU.
Results: In total, 631 persons were randomized. Contrary to our hypothesis, SAU showed faster return to work than both INT [hazard rate (HR) 1.39, P=0.0027] and MHC (HR 1.30, P=0.013) at 24-month follow-up. Overall, no differences were observed regarding mental health and functional level. Compared to SAU, we observed some health benefits of MHC, but not INT, at 6-month follow-up but not thereafter, and lower rates of employment at all follow-ups. Since implementation problems might explain the results of INT, we cannot conclude that INT is no better that SAU. The MHC intervention was implemented with good fidelity and did not improve return to work.
Conclusion: This trial does not support the hypothesis that INT lead to faster return to work. However, implementation failure may explain the negative results.
目的:将职业康复和精神保健结合起来对常见精神障碍患者病假期间的职业结果有影响。在之前的一篇论文中,我们发现丹麦的一项综合医疗保健和职业康复干预措施(INT)在 6 个月和 12 个月的随访中对职业结果的影响竟然不如常规服务(SAU)。在同一研究中测试的心理保健干预(MHC)也是如此。本文报告了该研究 24 个月的随访结果:方法:进行了一项随机、平行组、三臂、多中心的优越性试验,以检验 INT 和 MHC 与 SAU 相比的有效性:共有 631 人接受了随机试验。与我们的假设相反,在24个月的随访中,SAU比INT(危险率(HR)为1.39,P=0.0027)和MHC(HR为1.30,P=0.013)恢复工作的速度更快。总体而言,在心理健康和功能水平方面没有观察到差异。与 SAU 相比,我们在 6 个月的随访中观察到了 MHC 的一些健康益处,但没有观察到 INT 的益处,而且在所有随访中就业率都较低。由于实施问题可能会导致 INT 的结果,我们不能得出 INT 比 SAU 好的结论。MHC干预措施的实施情况良好,但并未改善重返工作岗位的情况:本试验并不支持 INT 可加快重返工作岗位的假设。然而,实施失败可能是出现负面结果的原因。
{"title":"Integrated mental healthcare and vocational rehabilitation for people on sick leave with stress-related disorders: 24-month follow-up of the randomized IBBIS trial.","authors":"Andreas Hoff, Rie Mandrup Poulsen, Jonas Peter Fisker, Carsten Hjorthøj, Merete Nordentoft, Anders Bo Bojesen, Lene Falgaard Eplov","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4084","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Integrating vocational rehabilitation and mental healthcare has shown effects on vocational outcomes during sick leave with common mental disorders. In a previous paper, we showed that a Danish integrated healthcare and vocational rehabilitation intervention (INT) had a surprisingly negative impact on vocational outcomes compared to service as usual (SAU) at 6- and 12-month follow-up. That was also the case with a mental healthcare intervention (MHC) tested in the same study. This article reports the 24-month follow-up results of that same study.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A randomized, parallel-group, three-arm, multi-centre superiority trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of INT and MHC compared to SAU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 631 persons were randomized. Contrary to our hypothesis, SAU showed faster return to work than both INT [hazard rate (HR) 1.39, P=0.0027] and MHC (HR 1.30, P=0.013) at 24-month follow-up. Overall, no differences were observed regarding mental health and functional level. Compared to SAU, we observed some health benefits of MHC, but not INT, at 6-month follow-up but not thereafter, and lower rates of employment at all follow-ups. Since implementation problems might explain the results of INT, we cannot conclude that INT is no better that SAU. The MHC intervention was implemented with good fidelity and did not improve return to work.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This trial does not support the hypothesis that INT lead to faster return to work. However, implementation failure may explain the negative results.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10713989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9459244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01Epub Date: 2023-03-13DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4086
Iris Eekhout, Martie van Tongeren, Neil Pearce, Karen M Oude Hengel
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposures on the risk of a positive COVID-19 test, and whether this differed across pandemic waves.
Methods: Data from 207 034 workers from The Netherlands with test data on COVID-19 from June 2020 until August 2021 were available. Occupational exposure was estimated by using the eight dimensions of a COVID-19 job exposure matrix (JEM). Personal characteristics, household composition and residence area were derived from Statistics Netherlands. A test-negative design was applied in which the risk of a positive test was analyzed in a conditional logit model.
Results: All eight dimensions of occupational exposure included in the JEM increased the odds of a positive test for the entire study period and three pandemic waves [OR ranging from 1.09, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.17) to 1.77 (95% CI 1.61-1.96)]. Adjusting for a previous positive test and other covariates strongly reduced the odds to be infected, but most dimensions remained at elevated risk. Fully adjusted models showed that contaminated work spaces and face covering were mostly relevant in the first two pandemic waves, whereas income insecurity showed higher odds in the third wave. Several occupations have a higher predicted value for a positive COVID-19 test, with variation over time. Discussion Occupational exposures are associated with a higher risk of a positive test, but variations over time exist in occupations with the highest risks. These findings provide insights for interventions among workers for future pandemic waves of COVID-19 or other respiratory epidemics.
{"title":"The impact of occupational exposures on infection rates during the COVID-19 pandemic: a test-negative design study with register data of 207 034 Dutch workers.","authors":"Iris Eekhout, Martie van Tongeren, Neil Pearce, Karen M Oude Hengel","doi":"10.5271/sjweh.4086","DOIUrl":"10.5271/sjweh.4086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposures on the risk of a positive COVID-19 test, and whether this differed across pandemic waves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 207 034 workers from The Netherlands with test data on COVID-19 from June 2020 until August 2021 were available. Occupational exposure was estimated by using the eight dimensions of a COVID-19 job exposure matrix (JEM). Personal characteristics, household composition and residence area were derived from Statistics Netherlands. A test-negative design was applied in which the risk of a positive test was analyzed in a conditional logit model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All eight dimensions of occupational exposure included in the JEM increased the odds of a positive test for the entire study period and three pandemic waves [OR ranging from 1.09, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.17) to 1.77 (95% CI 1.61-1.96)]. Adjusting for a previous positive test and other covariates strongly reduced the odds to be infected, but most dimensions remained at elevated risk. Fully adjusted models showed that contaminated work spaces and face covering were mostly relevant in the first two pandemic waves, whereas income insecurity showed higher odds in the third wave. Several occupations have a higher predicted value for a positive COVID-19 test, with variation over time. Discussion Occupational exposures are associated with a higher risk of a positive test, but variations over time exist in occupations with the highest risks. These findings provide insights for interventions among workers for future pandemic waves of COVID-19 or other respiratory epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21528,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10713988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10659433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}