The fundamental research near a boundary layer nanofluid flow at a stagnation point region with thermal radiation effect is conducted under microgravity environment. The mathematical formulation is modified from physical law to represent the physical characteristic of the flow and the system of the equation are solved numerically using Keller box method. The flow is analyzed in terms of physical quantities of principal interest such as skin friction and Nusset number. Parameters consider in this flow such as curvature ratio, amplitude of modulation, frequency of oscillation, nanoparticles volume friction and thermal radiation is analyzed numerically and presented graphically. From the analysis, g-jitter effect will produce a fluctuating result to the skin frictions and Nusset number indicate the singularity solution in the flow. The existing of nanoparticles and thermal radiation is found to increase the rate of heat transfer of the flow.
{"title":"THE FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER WITH THERMAL RADIATION AT A GENERAL STAGNATION POINT IN NANOFLUID UNDER MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT","authors":"M. Kamal, N. A. Rawi, Anati Ali, S. Shafie","doi":"10.31580/SPS.V1I2.634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/SPS.V1I2.634","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental research near a boundary layer nanofluid flow at a stagnation point region with thermal radiation effect is conducted under microgravity environment. The mathematical formulation is modified from physical law to represent the physical characteristic of the flow and the system of the equation are solved numerically using Keller box method. The flow is analyzed in terms of physical quantities of principal interest such as skin friction and Nusset number. Parameters consider in this flow such as curvature ratio, amplitude of modulation, frequency of oscillation, nanoparticles volume friction and thermal radiation is analyzed numerically and presented graphically. From the analysis, g-jitter effect will produce a fluctuating result to the skin frictions and Nusset number indicate the singularity solution in the flow. The existing of nanoparticles and thermal radiation is found to increase the rate of heat transfer of the flow.","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87596363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world today seems unimaginable without plastics or synthetic organic polymer, however their large-scale production and use only dates back to 1950 (1). The resulting rapid growth in plastics production is remarkable, surpassing most other man-made materials. The study presents the utilization of banana peel as biodegradable plastic to substitute the existing non-biodegradable plastic. The objectives of this research are to aims to develop and produce biodegradable plastic that will substitute the existing non-biodegradable plastic to help in saving the environment as well as to compare the properties of biodegradable plastic based on banana peel with the commercial biodegradable plastic. The use of waste banana peel in this study is mainly to replace the synthetic materials used in the conventional biodegradable plastic. Furthermore, the environmental pollutions can be reduced due to the usage of waste banana peels to produce a new value-added biodegradable plastic. Keywords : Banana peel, biodegradable plastic, pollution, environment
{"title":"APPLICATION OF WASTE BANANA PEELS AS BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC","authors":"Nur Athirah Bt Huzaisham","doi":"10.31580/SPS.V1I2.786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/SPS.V1I2.786","url":null,"abstract":"The world today seems unimaginable without plastics or synthetic organic polymer, however their large-scale production and use only dates back to 1950 (1). The resulting rapid growth in plastics production is remarkable, surpassing most other man-made materials. The study presents the utilization of banana peel as biodegradable plastic to substitute the existing non-biodegradable plastic. The objectives of this research are to aims to develop and produce biodegradable plastic that will substitute the existing non-biodegradable plastic to help in saving the environment as well as to compare the properties of biodegradable plastic based on banana peel with the commercial biodegradable plastic. The use of waste banana peel in this study is mainly to replace the synthetic materials used in the conventional biodegradable plastic. Furthermore, the environmental pollutions can be reduced due to the usage of waste banana peels to produce a new value-added biodegradable plastic. \u0000 \u0000Keywords : Banana peel, biodegradable plastic, pollution, environment","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83838164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conflict caused by payment issues are common in construction industry. A lengthy payment process issue is a common phenomenon especially in public work projects, which commonly opt for conventional contracts. Delay in payment process have caused many contractors not being able to receive payment within the stipulated time. In turn, it may affect the contractor’s cash flow and eventually ended up causing delays in project completion. The effect of technological advances has brought significant changes to the construction industry, which is year after year becoming increasingly complex. Therefore, in the era of technology and digital, there are many management systems which have been established and introduced amongst construction players for the convenience of managing and administering construction projects. The introduction of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is to establish a centralised information system, which improves the collaboration, communication and integration between interdisciplines in construction industry. The development of digital technology of Intelligent Contracts will bring great potential as an automate support system in BIM management process. These combinations create possible solutions towards payment conflicts in the construction project, through integration of BIM and Intelligent Contracts that may help to reduce the unnecessary procedure and interference that prolong the payment process. The analysis revealed that the adoption of BIM and Intelligent Contracts attributes in payment process under conventional procurement could improve the efficiency and reduce the time by eliminating unnecessary procedure and third parties interference along the process.
{"title":"Integrating Building Information Modelling and Intelligent Contract to Payment Process Under Conventional Procurement in Malaysia","authors":"Rozana Mohamed Salleh, N. Mustaffa, N. A. Rahiman","doi":"10.31580/SPS.V1I2.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/SPS.V1I2.670","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict caused by payment issues are common in construction industry. A lengthy payment process issue is a common phenomenon especially in public work projects, which commonly opt for conventional contracts. Delay in payment process have caused many contractors not being able to receive payment within the stipulated time. In turn, it may affect the contractor’s cash flow and eventually ended up causing delays in project completion. The effect of technological advances has brought significant changes to the construction industry, which is year after year becoming increasingly complex. Therefore, in the era of technology and digital, there are many management systems which have been established and introduced amongst construction players for the convenience of managing and administering construction projects. The introduction of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is to establish a centralised information system, which improves the collaboration, communication and integration between interdisciplines in construction industry. The development of digital technology of Intelligent Contracts will bring great potential as an automate support system in BIM management process. These combinations create possible solutions towards payment conflicts in the construction project, through integration of BIM and Intelligent Contracts that may help to reduce the unnecessary procedure and interference that prolong the payment process. The analysis revealed that the adoption of BIM and Intelligent Contracts attributes in payment process under conventional procurement could improve the efficiency and reduce the time by eliminating unnecessary procedure and third parties interference along the process.","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84604717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with the mixed convection flow between two vertical parallel plates with the effect of g-jitter. Newtonian heating is considered on the left wall of the plate. The governing equations of heat and mass transfer are modelled in the Cartesian coordinate system with the effect of g-jitter. Non-dimensional variables are used to transform the governing equations together with the boundary layer condition. Separation of variables method are applied to provide the exact analytical solutions for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. The obtained solutions are computed to produce the graphical results. It is showed that due to an increasing value of wall temperature and thermal conjugate parameter, the fluid temperature increased. As wall concentration increases, the fluid concentration also increased. Meanwhile, the velocity increasing as mixed convection and thermal conjugate parameter increased. Contradict, the velocity decreasing as the value of buoyancy ratio and frequency increased.
{"title":"G-JITTER INDUCED MIXED CONVECTION FLOW BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL PLATES WITH NEWTONIAN HEATING","authors":"Wan Nor Zaleha Amin, M. Qasim, S. Shafie","doi":"10.31580/SPS.V1I2.704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/SPS.V1I2.704","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the mixed convection flow between two vertical parallel plates with the effect of g-jitter. Newtonian heating is considered on the left wall of the plate. The governing equations of heat and mass transfer are modelled in the Cartesian coordinate system with the effect of g-jitter. Non-dimensional variables are used to transform the governing equations together with the boundary layer condition. Separation of variables method are applied to provide the exact analytical solutions for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. The obtained solutions are computed to produce the graphical results. It is showed that due to an increasing value of wall temperature and thermal conjugate parameter, the fluid temperature increased. As wall concentration increases, the fluid concentration also increased. Meanwhile, the velocity increasing as mixed convection and thermal conjugate parameter increased. Contradict, the velocity decreasing as the value of buoyancy ratio and frequency increased.","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80800969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Fong, Aqilahfarhana Abdul Rahman, N. Sarmin, S. Turaev
Sticker system is a computer model which is coded with single and double-stranded molecules of DNA; meanwhile, Watson-Crick automata is the automata counterpart of the sticker system representing the biological properties of DNA. Both are the modelings of DNA molecules in DNA computing which use the feature of Watson-Crick complementarity. Formerly, Watson-Crick grammars which are classified into three classes have been introduced [1]. In this research, a grammar counterpart of sticker systems that uses the rule as in context-free grammar is introduced, known as a static Watson-Crick context-free grammar. The research finding on the computational power of these grammar shows that the family of context-free languages is strictly included in the family of static Watson-Crick context-free languages; the static Watson-Crick context-free grammars can generate non context-free languages; the family of Watson-Crick context-free languages is included in the family of static Watson-Crick context-free languages which are presented in terms of their hierarchy.
{"title":"Computational Power of Static Watson-Crick Context-free Grammars","authors":"W. Fong, Aqilahfarhana Abdul Rahman, N. Sarmin, S. Turaev","doi":"10.31580/SPS.V1I2.679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/SPS.V1I2.679","url":null,"abstract":"Sticker system is a computer model which is coded with single and double-stranded molecules of DNA; meanwhile, Watson-Crick automata is the automata counterpart of the sticker system representing the biological properties of DNA. Both are the modelings of DNA molecules in DNA computing which use the feature of Watson-Crick complementarity. Formerly, Watson-Crick grammars which are classified into three classes have been introduced [1]. In this research, a grammar counterpart of sticker systems that uses the rule as in context-free grammar is introduced, known as a static Watson-Crick context-free grammar. The research finding on the computational power of these grammar shows that the family of context-free languages is strictly included in the family of static Watson-Crick context-free languages; the static Watson-Crick context-free grammars can generate non context-free languages; the family of Watson-Crick context-free languages is included in the family of static Watson-Crick context-free languages which are presented in terms of their hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90083871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The automobile market are the fastest developing segment in the planet. India being one of the worthwhile centers for the vehicle advertise which attracts auto majors from everywhere throughout the world. The ongoing development in the passenger car market in India is substantially more than mere market dynamics in a specific vehicle segment. It is a impression of the changing lifestyle of the wealthy class in the nation. This study provides the establishment for government’s macroeconomic control and automobile manufacturer’s production.
{"title":"A Descriptive Analysis on Automobile Sales","authors":"Kayalvizhi Subramanian","doi":"10.31580/SPS.V1I2.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/SPS.V1I2.570","url":null,"abstract":"The automobile market are the fastest developing segment in the planet. India being one of the worthwhile centers for the vehicle advertise which attracts auto majors from everywhere throughout the world. The ongoing development in the passenger car market in India is substantially more than mere market dynamics in a specific vehicle segment. It is a impression of the changing lifestyle of the wealthy class in the nation. This study provides the establishment for government’s macroeconomic control and automobile manufacturer’s production.","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89112885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbofuran is a broad spectrum carbamate pesticide often used to control pests in the agricultural sector. However, despite its ability to effectively kill the insects in the farms, health associated problems are still been reported due to its higher level of toxicity. The biodegradation is an effective method used for the removal of these compound from the environment since previous methods using a chemical process of degradation prove to be ineffective due to the presence of highly stable bonds. Bacterial strain BRC05 isolated from vegetable plantation area of Cameron Highlands was found to have carbofuran-degrading ability. The morphology and growth at different concentration of carbofuran were studied. The growth of the isolate was evaluated in Carbofuran medium under stable and shaking conditions. The gram-negative motile and rod-shaped BRC05 show good growth on Carbofuran medium after 12 hours of incubation. The optical densities of the isolate was more under shaking condition and differed significantly than under static conditions. There is no significant difference (p>0.05) between growth at 25 and 50 mg/l under static conditions. At 25 mg/l under shaking condition the insecticide has less effect on the growth of the isolate. It was found that BRC05 could grow well and reach the largest biomass in the medium containing 25 mg/l of carbofuran and could keep active growth even in medium with high concentration of carbofuran 100 mg/l. These showed that the bacteria could grow and remove carbofuran in soils effectively and safely.
{"title":"Mr Characterization of carbofuran-degrading Soil bacteria","authors":"M. Mustapha","doi":"10.31580/SPS.V1I2.617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/SPS.V1I2.617","url":null,"abstract":"Carbofuran is a broad spectrum carbamate pesticide often used to control pests in the agricultural sector. However, despite its ability to effectively kill the insects in the farms, health associated problems are still been reported due to its higher level of toxicity. The biodegradation is an effective method used for the removal of these compound from the environment since previous methods using a chemical process of degradation prove to be ineffective due to the presence of highly stable bonds. Bacterial strain BRC05 isolated from vegetable plantation area of Cameron Highlands was found to have carbofuran-degrading ability. The morphology and growth at different concentration of carbofuran were studied. The growth of the isolate was evaluated in Carbofuran medium under stable and shaking conditions. The gram-negative motile and rod-shaped BRC05 show good growth on Carbofuran medium after 12 hours of incubation. The optical densities of the isolate was more under shaking condition and differed significantly than under static conditions. There is no significant difference (p>0.05) between growth at 25 and 50 mg/l under static conditions. At 25 mg/l under shaking condition the insecticide has less effect on the growth of the isolate. It was found that BRC05 could grow well and reach the largest biomass in the medium containing 25 mg/l of carbofuran and could keep active growth even in medium with high concentration of carbofuran 100 mg/l. These showed that the bacteria could grow and remove carbofuran in soils effectively and safely.","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78707935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Farhana Ajua Mustafa, A. M. Shariff, W. Tay, H. Halim, Siti Munirah Mhd Yusof
This article reports the absorption removal efficiency for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from natural gas using an environmental friendly solvent, potassium carbonate promoted with glycine. Recently, CO2 capture using this solvent (with precipitating) was studied by previous researchers. However, the precipitates of the solvent increase the potential of blockage in the packing and piping thus result failure in absorption processes. Therefore, this study focused to assess the CO2 removal efficiency of non-precipitating potassium carbonate promoted with glycine. This green solvent contains aqueous blend of 20 wt% potassium carbonate and 8 wt% glycine. The absorption performance of the solvent was obtained by demonstrated a few experimental works using a bench scale packed absorption column. The packing type was Sulzer metal gauze and the column consisted of six sampling point which located equidistance along the packing The system was running over a range of liquid flow rate 1.81-7.22 m3/m2.h at fixed operating pressure (4 Mpa), CO2 inlet concentration (20%), gas flow rate (33 kmol/m2.h) and solvent temperature (60 . The effect of liquid flow rate was assessed in term of its CO2 removal efficiency and concentration profile along the packing. The study shows the increasing trend of CO2 removal as liquid flow rate increases. Higher liquid/molar flow rate gas (L/G) offers a better absorption performance compared to lower L/G ratio. This study demonstrated the efficient absorption up to 77 % using non-precipitating potassium carbonate promoted with glycine.
{"title":"CO2 REMOVAL EFFICIENCY FROM NATURAL GAS AT ELEVATED PRESSURE OF PACKED ABSORPTION COLUMN USING POTASSIUM CARBONATE PROMOTED WITH GLYCINE","authors":"Nur Farhana Ajua Mustafa, A. M. Shariff, W. Tay, H. Halim, Siti Munirah Mhd Yusof","doi":"10.31580/SPS.V1I2.633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/SPS.V1I2.633","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports the absorption removal efficiency for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from natural gas using an environmental friendly solvent, potassium carbonate promoted with glycine. Recently, CO2 capture using this solvent (with precipitating) was studied by previous researchers. However, the precipitates of the solvent increase the potential of blockage in the packing and piping thus result failure in absorption processes. Therefore, this study focused to assess the CO2 removal efficiency of non-precipitating potassium carbonate promoted with glycine. This green solvent contains aqueous blend of 20 wt% potassium carbonate and 8 wt% glycine. The absorption performance of the solvent was obtained by demonstrated a few experimental works using a bench scale packed absorption column. The packing type was Sulzer metal gauze and the column consisted of six sampling point which located equidistance along the packing The system was running over a range of liquid flow rate 1.81-7.22 m3/m2.h at fixed operating pressure (4 Mpa), CO2 inlet concentration (20%), gas flow rate (33 kmol/m2.h) and solvent temperature (60 . The effect of liquid flow rate was assessed in term of its CO2 removal efficiency and concentration profile along the packing. The study shows the increasing trend of CO2 removal as liquid flow rate increases. Higher liquid/molar flow rate gas (L/G) offers a better absorption performance compared to lower L/G ratio. This study demonstrated the efficient absorption up to 77 % using non-precipitating potassium carbonate promoted with glycine.","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85336675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a description of teacher competence in special education programs at Exceptional Junior High Schools. The study also examined how the competencies possessed by graduates after completing the education program. So that it can be analyzed how the implications of teacher’s competence as a factor in achieving program objectives. Based on the results the adequacy of teacher competencies in the education program specifically correlates with the achievement of program objectives. The results of the study also show that graduates already have sufficient competence in terms of attitudes and knowledge but are still lacking in terms of skill.
{"title":"TEACHER COMPETENCIES IN SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS : GREAT HOPE FOR SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN","authors":"E. Safitri","doi":"10.31580/SPS.V1I2.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31580/SPS.V1I2.814","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a description of teacher competence in special education programs at Exceptional Junior High Schools. The study also examined how the competencies possessed by graduates after completing the education program. So that it can be analyzed how the implications of teacher’s competence as a factor in achieving program objectives. Based on the results the adequacy of teacher competencies in the education program specifically correlates with the achievement of program objectives. The results of the study also show that graduates already have sufficient competence in terms of attitudes and knowledge but are still lacking in terms of skill.","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81605136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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