Sedimentary Geology最新文献

{"title":"Geochemical composition and grain size of surface sediments from reticulate dunes in the Tengger Desert, China","authors":"Junguang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhibao Dong ,&nbsp;Zhengcai Zhang ,&nbsp;Rongliang Liu ,&nbsp;Jiqiao Shi ,&nbsp;Ping Lü","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reticulate dunes are the prevalent type of dunes found in deserts worldwide. However, compared to other dune types, systematic research on reticulate dunes remains limited, and aspects such as their formation mechanisms, grain size characteristics, and elemental composition characteristics remain inadequately understood. This study integrated regional wind regime data to analyse the grain size characteristics of reticulate dunes (specifically, the primary and secondary ridges) in the Tengger Desert, Considering both primary and sub-wind seasons. Additionally, we examined the elemental composition characteristics and degree of weathering of these dunes. The results indicate that the primary and secondary ridges of the reticulate dunes in the Tengger Desert are predominantly composed of fine sand and very fine sand with a mean grain size of 2.52Φ. Compared with other deserts in China and abroad, the sediments exhibit relatively finer grain sizes and better sorting. Furthermore, the grain size characteristics of surface sediments in the primary and secondary ridges exhibited two distinct distribution patterns during different wind seasons, indicating differences in the formation mechanisms of the primary and secondary ridges. The major elements in the surface sediments of the reticulate dunes in the Tengger Desert are SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, while the predominant trace elements are primarily Ba, Sr, Zr, and Cr. This indicates that the geochemical composition of the sediments is influenced not only by the intrinsic characteristics of the elements but also by the regional climate and the supply of fresh materials, which are significant factors affecting their chemical behavior and content differences. The chemical weathering indices (CIA, residual coefficient, and ICV), along with the A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM triangular diagrams, suggest that the sedimentary environment of the reticulate dune sediments in the Tengger Desert is characterised by a cold, dry climate with a low degree of weathering. The weathering process occurs during the initial stages of plagioclase chemical weathering. These findings lay the foundation for further research on the formation mechanisms, evolutionary processes, and sedimentary environments of reticulate dunes, contributing to a deeper understanding of these complex geomorphological features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 106851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of sedimentary structures in fine-grained deposits in re-interpreting the Facies mosaic of Lower Triassic tide-influenced deltas","authors":"Ibrahim Zallum","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite considerable progress in their description and characterization, tide-dominated deltas remain the least understood of the three main delta classes. Fine-grained sediments of the deltaic subenvironments remain particularly understudied, especially via ultra-thin section analysis. Such analysis can aid in identifying subenvironments typically missed in paleodelta analysis (e.g., delta plains). Combined with other methods, they can prove valuable in evaluating depositional and sequence-stratigraphic models and exploring the interplay between sediment supply and channel morphologies.</div><div>This study focuses on the Lower Triassic Torrey Member of the Moenkopi Formation of southern Utah. Previous interpretations posit that the Torrey Member represents a tide-dominated delta deposited in three depositional sequences. Integrating mudstone thin section analysis helped reveal that the Torrey Member contains ten facies associations, with the facies architecture indicating deposition by tide-dominated or tide-influenced deltas over a single depositional sequence. The progradational phase is notable for its decreased channel density and concurrent increase in subaerial exposure indicators. This study posits that hyperycnal flows, including bedload transport, dominated deposition in the prodelta and delta front of the Torrey Member, with no direct evidence of tidal processes.</div><div>This study broadly demonstrates the importance of integrating mudstone thin-section analysis in paleodelta studies. This paper particularly draws particular attention to delta plain identification in semi-arid and arid settings and suggests that thin-section analysis may reveal examples previously missed in similar paleodeltas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"480 ","pages":"Article 106850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonate sedimentation and early diagenesis of the Doushantuo Formation, South China: A window into the terminal Proterozoic","authors":"Min Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precambrian marine carbonates with distinct sedimentary fabrics and structures provide valuable insights into the chemical and biological conditions of early oceans. To better understand shallow marine environments approaching the terminal Proterozoic, this study examines carbonate deposits from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation across the shoal-rimmed Yangtze platform in South China. These mimetically dolomitized rocks comprise facies of micropeloidal leiolite, grainstone-packstone, micropeloidal and microlaminated leiolites, stromatolite, and mudstone, representing a transition from the upper slope and platform margin environments to the back-shoal peritidal system. The grainstone-packstone facies features large intraclasts of incipient aragonite and high-Mg calcite cements, along with radial ooids that are &lt;2 mm in diameter, all exhibiting varying degrees of microbial micritization. The peritidal facies, marked by abundant microbialites, are dominated by micropeloidal-microlaminated leiolites from the intertidal zone and stromatolites and dolomudstones from deeper waters. Abundant fibrous dolomites (fascicular and radial length-slow, up to 5 mm long) fill cavities in the peritidal facies, particularly within microbial mat cracks. Developed on a warm-temperate to tropical shelf, the rapid early lithification of Doushantuo sediments indicates a high degree of seawater supersaturation during the late Neoproterozoic compared to modern conditions. The remarkable diversity in the physical properties of the Doushantuo carbonates reflects an increased compartmentalization of processes governing carbonate formation and dissolution in shallow marine environments. This shift corresponds with the evolving chemical and biological conditions of the Precambrian ocean, which increasingly emphasized microbial roles in dolomite precipitation. By the terminal Proterozoic, platform carbonate formation became more susceptible to local fluctuations affecting saturation states and kinetic conditions, largely influenced by microbial activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 106847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentology of a drowned carbonate platform from the Sciacca area (southwestern Sicily): Insights into the Jurassic palaeogeography of Western Tethys","authors":"Francesca Petrella,&nbsp;Simona Todaro,&nbsp;Carolina D'Arpa,&nbsp;Attilio Sulli","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sedimentological-stratigraphic study of the Mesozoic carbonates exposed in two inactive quarries in southwestern Sicily has provided new insights into the palaeogeographic evolution of the southern sector of the Western Tethys margin during the Jurassic.</div><div>The Lower–Upper Jurassic succession consists of shallow-water peritidal carbonates, intersected by neptunian dykes and sills, which transition upwards into condensed pelagic limestone. Microfacies analysis of the shallow-water peritidal carbonates has led to their reassignment to the Hettangian–Pliensbachian (<em>p.p.</em>), previously attributed to the Late Triassic. Furthermore, variations in biodiversity within these stratigraphic horizons reflect the survival and recovery interval following the end-Triassic mass extinction event.</div><div>The abrupt transition to condensed pelagic limestone indicates the drowning of the carbonate platform. Lateral facies variations observed within the condensed pelagic limestone suggest different sedimentological processes, influenced by a complex system of structural highs and basins related to the Pangea continental rift. The presence of distinctive micro- and macrofacies, such as micritic oolites and Fe<img>Mn hardgrounds, indicates a varied palaeotopographic setting for each section, where sedimentation is further controlled by bottom-current activity and low sedimentation rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 106839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratigraphic architecture of a multi-sourced, Deepwater lobe complex (early Permian, Paraná basin, Brazil)","authors":"Sérgio Francisco Leon Dias ,&nbsp;Fernando Farias Vesely ,&nbsp;Ronaldo Paulo Kraft ,&nbsp;Giovana Rebelo Diório ,&nbsp;Guillan Diedrichs Fayad","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Rio Segredo Member of the Taciba Formation (Paraná Basin, Brazil) represents a unique example of a multi-sourced turbidite lobe complex, providing valuable insights into the stratigraphic architecture and depositional processes of delta-fed submarine ramp systems. This study investigates the lobe complex, which extends over 120 km and reaches a thickness of up to 40 m, with a focus on bed type distribution, facies associations, and stratigraphic architecture. Through the analysis of 16 measured sections and detailed facies analysis, 14 distinct bed types were identified, including turbidites (TBDs), hybrid event beds (HEBs), and slump and blocky flow deposits (MTDs). These beds are organized into four sub-environments: lobe axis, lobe off-axis, lobe fringe, and distal lobe fringe, reflecting a compensational stacking pattern with lobe centroids shifting southward by an average of 25 km. Paleocurrent data indicates predominant flow directions to the northwest (320°) and southwest (235°), supporting the interpretation of a multi-sourced system. The lobe complex is interpreted as a delta-fed submarine ramp, with deposition driven by delta-front instabilities and hyperpycnal flows via conduits connected to prograding delta. Hybrid event beds, which are common in the basal sandy portion of the succession, are linked to substrate erosion and interactions with small-scale morphological highs, highlighting the influence of paleophysiography on flow dynamics. This study enhances the understanding of multi-sourced turbidite systems and provides a framework for identifying similar systems in other basins. The findings underscore the importance of autogenic controls, such as lobe avulsion and topographic compensation, in shaping the stratigraphic architecture of delta-fed turbidite systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 106838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depositional systems constraining the distribution of hydrothermal dolostone geobodies: A case study of Permian Guadalupian dolostone in the eastern Sichuan Basin","authors":"Lu Shi ,&nbsp;Ziye Lu ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Hairuo Qing ,&nbsp;Wenzhuo Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Zenghua Li ,&nbsp;Ning Ye ,&nbsp;Bei Zhu ,&nbsp;Qi Tang ,&nbsp;Haizhou Qu ,&nbsp;Yang Xiao ,&nbsp;Shaonan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithological heterogeneity can be an important factor in regulating the spatial distribution of hydrothermal dolostone (HTD) geobodies. Understanding HTD genesis is crucial for improving our ability to predict subsurface HTD occurrence within sedimentary frameworks. This study investigates HTD development within the Permian Guadalupian carbonate successions of the eastern Sichuan Basin, China, providing significant insights into HTD formation processes. Through systematic sedimentological analysis of four outcrop sections (Fangniuba, Shangping, Tuotuoba, and Wuyangba), we identified eight distinct lithofacies and five lithofacies associations (LA1–LA5). Integrating field observations with data from adjacent sites, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the depositional sequences, sedimentary environments, and petrophysical properties of the Guadalupian carbonate strata. These carbonates display a distinctive shallowing-upward sequence overlain by a deepening-upward succession. Notably, Guadalupian dolostones are consistently hosted within the middle portions of the shallowing-upward sequences across all studied sections. Petrological and mineralogical analyses further reveal preferential dolomitization in thin- to medium-bedded wackestone containing nodular cherts (LA2), which served as lateral conduits for hydrothermal fluid migration. Enhanced fracturing is observed within these lithologies, particularly along bedding planes and around nodular chert margins, reflecting their greater susceptibility to petrophysical modification. This preferential dolomitization reflects the interplay of carbonate texture, rock permeability, and fracture susceptibility, which collectively establish optimal diagenetic conditions for fluid-rock interaction. Our findings demonstrate that depositional lithological heterogeneity constrains HTD distribution through two key pathways: (1) primary lithological controls (including permeability variations and mud content), and (2) mechanically influenced properties (particularly bed thickness and nodular cherts). This heterogeneity, established during initial deposition to shallow-burial phases, fundamentally preconditioned subsequent HTD formation and distribution during later hydrothermal fluid emplacement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"479 ","pages":"Article 106837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleosols as paleoclimate proxies to reconstruct mid-Cretaceous paleoclimate conditions in Central Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"Sabrina Lizzoli ,&nbsp;M. Sol Raigemborn ,&nbsp;Augusto N. Varela ,&nbsp;José M. Paredes","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paleosols preserved in the Bajo Barreal Formation in central Patagonia (Argentina) provide valuable insights into mid-Cretaceous paleoclimatic conditions at mid-paleolatitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. This study integrates macro-, micro-, and nanomorphological analyses, clay mineralogy, and geochemical data to characterize and classify the Bajo Barreal's paleosols and reconstruct their paleoclimate conditions. The Cerro Ballena anticline's exposure begins with isolated, small-scale channel belts of low connectivity within siliciclastic mudstones (Section A). Upwards, it transitions into sheet-like, interconnected channel-belt complexes interbedded with thinner volcaniclastic floodplain deposits (Section B). We identified four pedotypes in stratigraphic order of appearance: Cerro Guacho (vertic Alfisols-like paleosols), Cañadón Vasco (Vertisols-like paleosols), San Bernardo (Ultisols-like paleosols), and Río Deseado (hydromorphic Inceptisols-like paleosols). Section A contains smectite-rich vertic Alfisols-like paleosols and Vertisols-like paleosols formed under moderate weathering, dominated by argilluviation, vertization, hydromorphism, and calcification. Section B, in contrast, contains kaolinite-rich Ultisols-like paleosols and hydromorphic Inceptisols-like paleosols formed under intense weathering conditions, dominated by lixiviation (ferruginization) accompanied by argilluviation and hydromorphism. This progression reflects a transition from temperate and subhumid conditions with seasonal rainfall (Section A) to warmer (temperate) and humid conditions with perennial rainfall (Section B). This vertical progression parallels mid-Cretaceous global climate dynamics and potentially reflects changes near the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary and OAE 2, offering valuable contributions to refine Southern Hemisphere paleoclimate reconstructions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 106836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismogenic liquefaction with M ∼ 3.5 in fine-grained sediments: An experimental approach","authors":"Szymon Świątek,&nbsp;Małgorzata Pisarska-Jamroży","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismically liquefaction-induced soft-sediment deformation structures are key to understanding the geological history of earthquakes and sedimentary environments. These evidences usually have been associated with high-magnitude seismic events, above 5. However, the precise thresholds and mechanisms, especially for lower-magnitude earthquakes, remained unclear. This study aims to address this gap by experimentally investigating the development of deformation structures under controlled laboratory conditions. Using three sediment types arranged in five sequences, the sediments were subjected to low-magnitude seismic vibrations. Developed liquefaction features such as clastic volcanoes, pseudonodules, flame structures, and load casts were measured by a novel morphometric analysis to quantify their size and shape. The findings revealed that even at a magnitude of ∼3.5, liquefaction and deformation structures can occur, especially in high water-saturated fine-grained sediments. These results provide new insights into the thresholds of seismically-induced liquefaction and highlight the importance of considering lower-magnitude events in seismic risk assessments, offering significant implications for the study of sedimentary processes and earthquake-related deformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 106833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-inundation of the North China epeiric platform: A cyclic peritidal succession above a Lower–Middle Ordovician unconformity in southern Korea","authors":"Se Hyun Cho,&nbsp;Suk-Joo Choh","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The depositional record of epeiric platforms is typically interrupted by unconformities, reflecting repetition of sedimentation and non-deposition. The Ordovician epeiric platform on the North China includes a Lower to Middle Ordovician unconformity, and this study documented early Darriwilian re-inundation events in the Makgol Formation from four sections over a distance of 25 km in the Taebaek area, eastern North China Craton.</div><div>The Makgol Formation mainly comprises micritic limestone with subordinate laminite and grainy facies, exhibiting subaerial exposure features in its lower part, and is interpreted as a micrite-dominated inner platform deposit. The re-inundation pattern is characterized by accumulation of metre-scale peritidal and subtidal cycles, which show an overall deepening upward trend, marked by a decrease in exposure features and an increase in subtidal cycles. However, this deepening trend was not gradual and occurred stepwise. Seven cycle sets, each consisting of one to six cycles, are described along with eight correlated key flooding surfaces. Each flooding event caused retreat of the facies belt to varying degrees, while cycles within cycle sets exhibited shallowing upward stacking patterns. These deepening upward trends are similar to punctuated transgressions observed in continental shelves, which suggest the applicability of the sequence stratigraphic concept from continental margins to inner epeiric platforms.</div><div>Lateral variations in the number of cycles between sections are recognised in seven intervals, four of which are interpreted as the result from erosion and non-deposition associated with subaerial exposure features. This finding suggests the incompleteness in transgressive deposits in inner epeiric platform conditions and highlights the importance of identifying missing cycles for the interpretation of stacking pattern and origin of metre-scale cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 106824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiments study on landslide motion and damming deposit for particle and block materials with different mechanical properties","authors":"Ming-wei Ma ,&nbsp;Jia-wen Zhou ,&nbsp;Xing-guo Yang ,&nbsp;Yi-hui Liang ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Hai-mei Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2025.106825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the impact of granular materials with varying moisture contents and particle sizes, as well as block materials with different volumes and layer strengths, on landslide fragmentation, motion, and deposit. The experimental results show that as particle size increases, the maximum dam height (<em>H</em>_<em>max</em>) and width (<em>W</em>_<em>max</em>) increase, while the minimum dam height (<em>H</em>_<em>min</em>) decreases, indicating an improvement in the stability of landslide dams. Larger particle sizes are less sensitive to changes in moisture content. Additionally, moisture content inhibits <em>W</em>_<em>max</em>, with mixed particle-size materials showing a greater reduction compared to single particle-size materials. As <em>W</em>_<em>max</em> increases, the maximum dam length (<em>L</em>_<em>max</em>) decreases exponentially. Sliding time (<em>T</em>_<em>s</em>), deposition time (<em>T</em>_<em>d</em>), and total time (<em>T</em>) decrease as particle size increases. For mixed particle-size materials, a more continuous particle size distribution further reduces <em>T</em>_<em>s</em>, <em>T</em>_<em>d</em>, and <em>T</em>. Block material experiments show that with increasing block volume, <em>W</em>_<em>max</em>, <em>L</em>_<em>max</em>, and <em>H</em>_<em>max</em> increase significantly, with corresponding increases in <em>T</em>_<em>s</em><em>, T</em>_<em>d</em>, and <em>T</em>. When the strength of the lower layer material decreases, <em>W</em>_<em>max</em> and <em>H</em>_<em>max</em> decrease, while <em>T</em>_<em>s</em><em>, T</em>_<em>d</em>, and <em>T</em> increase. Conversely, when the lower layer material strength increases, the opposite effect is observed. Frictional energy loss (<em>E</em>_<em>f</em>) is the primary energy loss pathway, with both total energy loss and <em>E</em>_<em>f</em> decreasing with increasing particle size. Localized energy losses are mainly due to terrain collisions, independent of moisture content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21575,"journal":{"name":"Sedimentary Geology","volume":"478 ","pages":"Article 106825"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143336963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}