M. Pradhan, B. Bhusal, P. Bhattarai, P. Shakya, K C Bashudev, M. Bajracharya
s: A hundred of different cases with questioned handwritings and signatures of a hundred different individuals written on the time interval from one year to sixty-one years were studied and the twenty five distinguishing characteristics were found to recur in different extents. A total of 764 points were noted with average of 7 to 8 points per case and statistics of recurrence of the same characteristics was built up so as to explain the most recurring and least recurring characteristics of the writings and signatures that resembled to assert the common origin even after the long interval of time. Amidst the variables, the 'design of letters and specific patterns' was found to be the most recurring whereas 'tie formation ' and 'position, shape and size of dot (.)'were found to be the least.
{"title":"A Study on Statistical Recurrence of Some Distinguishing Features of Handwritings and Signatures","authors":"M. Pradhan, B. Bhusal, P. Bhattarai, P. Shakya, K C Bashudev, M. Bajracharya","doi":"10.3126/sw.v13i13.30505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30505","url":null,"abstract":"s: A hundred of different cases with questioned handwritings and signatures of a hundred different individuals written on the time interval from one year to sixty-one years were studied and the twenty five distinguishing characteristics were found to recur in different extents. A total of 764 points were noted with average of 7 to 8 points per case and statistics of recurrence of the same characteristics was built up so as to explain the most recurring and least recurring characteristics of the writings and signatures that resembled to assert the common origin even after the long interval of time. Amidst the variables, the 'design of letters and specific patterns' was found to be the most recurring whereas 'tie formation ' and 'position, shape and size of dot (.)'were found to be the least.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"18 1","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86975253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) additives has been successfully synthesized in laboratory by co-precipitation technique. The optimum ratio of CuO and ZnO in mixed metal oxide was found to be 1:1. The sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been used as surfactant. The obtained material was found to be crystalline having crystalline size of 18 nm. The stretching band in FTIR spectra at around 1072 cm-1 to 750 cm-1 and around 600 cm-1 indicates the presence of Zn-O and Cu-O bonds. As prepared nano-particles have been used as nano additive in base oil to improve physio-chemical parameters of lubricants. The results revealed that the additive blended base oil (lubricant) has shown excellent lubrication properties. The higher kinematic viscosity of 33.0504 and 6.0158 at 40°C and 100°C respectively showed that as prepared additive blended lubricant is of ISO-32 category according to ISO grading system for lubricants. Similarly, viscosity index was found to be improved from 101 to 129. The pour point was found to be significantly decreased from -6°C to -24°C. So it can be used as good pour point depressant and could be used even in the extreme cold environment condition. The flash point was found to be increased from 215°C to 220°C indicating that the prepared mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) acts as flash point enhancer. The copper strip corrosion rating was found to be 1b for additive indicating the non corrosive nature. The absence of moisture and pH around the neutral range 6.18 showed the additive blended lubricant is not harmful for machinery devices.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of CuO-ZnO Nano Additive for Lubricant","authors":"Buddha Shrestha, H. Trital, A. Rajbhandari","doi":"10.3126/sw.v13i13.30504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30504","url":null,"abstract":"A mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) additives has been successfully synthesized in laboratory by co-precipitation technique. The optimum ratio of CuO and ZnO in mixed metal oxide was found to be 1:1. The sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been used as surfactant. The obtained material was found to be crystalline having crystalline size of 18 nm. The stretching band in FTIR spectra at around 1072 cm-1 to 750 cm-1 and around 600 cm-1 indicates the presence of Zn-O and Cu-O bonds. As prepared nano-particles have been used as nano additive in base oil to improve physio-chemical parameters of lubricants. The results revealed that the additive blended base oil (lubricant) has shown excellent lubrication properties. The higher kinematic viscosity of 33.0504 and 6.0158 at 40°C and 100°C respectively showed that as prepared additive blended lubricant is of ISO-32 category according to ISO grading system for lubricants. Similarly, viscosity index was found to be improved from 101 to 129. The pour point was found to be significantly decreased from -6°C to -24°C. So it can be used as good pour point depressant and could be used even in the extreme cold environment condition. The flash point was found to be increased from 215°C to 220°C indicating that the prepared mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) acts as flash point enhancer. The copper strip corrosion rating was found to be 1b for additive indicating the non corrosive nature. The absence of moisture and pH around the neutral range 6.18 showed the additive blended lubricant is not harmful for machinery devices.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"37 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85736042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pragya Sapkota, S. Bhattarai, Anup Muni Bajracharya, P. Lakhe, N. Shrestha
Medicinal plants are used as traditional treatment for numerous human diseases. According to WHO, medicinal plants would be the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobial of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. Present study was carried out on the screening of some medicinal plants against selected pathogenic organisms in the period of October 2017 to January 2018. A total of nine different medicinal plants were screened and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 10 bacterial species. Among them, Euphorbia hirta, Azadirachtaindica, Artemisia vulgaris were found to be effective against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA), whereas rest six medicinal plants (Aeglemarmelos, Justiciaadhatoda, Ficusreligiosa, Syzygiumcumini, Nyctanthes arbor and Meliaazedarach) were found to be ineffective against all the microorganisms(Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Salmonella typhii, Shigelladysentriae, MRSA). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Euphorbia hirta against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus was found to be 12.5mg/ml and MBC of Artemisia vulgaris against Bacillus subtilis and MRSA was also found to be 12.5 mg/ml while of Staphylococcus aureus was 25mg/ml. Similarly, the MBC of Azadirachta indica against Staphylococcus aureus was 25mg/ml.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Screening of some Medicinal Plants against Selected Bacterial Species","authors":"Pragya Sapkota, S. Bhattarai, Anup Muni Bajracharya, P. Lakhe, N. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/sw.v13i13.30500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30500","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are used as traditional treatment for numerous human diseases. According to WHO, medicinal plants would be the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobial of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. Present study was carried out on the screening of some medicinal plants against selected pathogenic organisms in the period of October 2017 to January 2018. A total of nine different medicinal plants were screened and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 10 bacterial species. Among them, Euphorbia hirta, Azadirachtaindica, Artemisia vulgaris were found to be effective against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA), whereas rest six medicinal plants (Aeglemarmelos, Justiciaadhatoda, Ficusreligiosa, Syzygiumcumini, Nyctanthes arbor and Meliaazedarach) were found to be ineffective against all the microorganisms(Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Salmonella typhii, Shigelladysentriae, MRSA). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Euphorbia hirta against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus was found to be 12.5mg/ml and MBC of Artemisia vulgaris against Bacillus subtilis and MRSA was also found to be 12.5 mg/ml while of Staphylococcus aureus was 25mg/ml. Similarly, the MBC of Azadirachta indica against Staphylococcus aureus was 25mg/ml.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"44 1","pages":"20-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90728080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we have selected three craters Mutus, Mutus C and Nearch of the satellite Moon. The fits images were taken from Meade 16inch LX200GPS SchmidtCassegrain Telescope on June 20, 2018 from National observatory located at Nagarkot, Nepal. To find the diameter, number of lines were drawn across the craters and distance of them were determined in pixel size from Aladin V 2.5 software. By using shadow length method, the height of two craters (Mutus and Nearch) were determined and compared with the published one. In addition to this, variations of relative flux density, Gaussian trend distribution of flux were studied.
{"title":"Study of Diameter, Depth and Variation of Relative Flux Density of Moon’s Craters","authors":"D. Upadhayay, A. Khanal, S. Shahi","doi":"10.3126/sw.v13i13.30503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30503","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we have selected three craters Mutus, Mutus C and Nearch of the satellite Moon. The fits images were taken from Meade 16inch LX200GPS SchmidtCassegrain Telescope on June 20, 2018 from National observatory located at Nagarkot, Nepal. To find the diameter, number of lines were drawn across the craters and distance of them were determined in pixel size from Aladin V 2.5 software. By using shadow length method, the height of two craters (Mutus and Nearch) were determined and compared with the published one. In addition to this, variations of relative flux density, Gaussian trend distribution of flux were studied.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"13 1","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81920175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world cement industry is responsible for 5-8 % of the total CO2 emission. Thus, the cement industry has a crucial role in global warming. The search for an alternative green inorganic binder with improved durability led to the discovery of alkali-activated binder termed “geopolymer”. In this study, geopolymer was synthesized from coal fly ash (CFA) with the parameters such as particle size ≤ 53 μm, NaOH concentration 8 M and the mass ratio of CFA/Na2SiO3 was 0.75. For the comparative study with fly ash based cement, the cement mortars were prepared by varying the cements and mass ratio. The highest compressive strength (14.16 MPa) of the cement mortar was however obtained with 1:3 cement sand ratio after 7 days of curing, the ratio of 1:4 was considered for comparison. The cement and geopolymer mixture mortars were also prepared with varying (cement + sand) and (CFA+ NaOH+ Na2SiO3) mass ratio. The maximum compressive strength of 3.84 MPa was obtained for 1:2 mass ratio with 7 days of curing. The maximum compressive strengths of CFA based geopolymer, CFA added cement and cement and geopolymer mixture were 17.06, 21.3 and 11.42 MPa with 90 days of curing respectively.
{"title":"Synthesis of Geopolymer from Coal Fly Ash and its Comparative Study with Fly Ash Based Ordinary Nepalese Cement","authors":"D. Gurung, V. Jha","doi":"10.3126/sw.v13i13.30502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30502","url":null,"abstract":"The world cement industry is responsible for 5-8 % of the total CO2 emission. Thus, the cement industry has a crucial role in global warming. The search for an alternative green inorganic binder with improved durability led to the discovery of alkali-activated binder termed “geopolymer”. In this study, geopolymer was synthesized from coal fly ash (CFA) with the parameters such as particle size ≤ 53 μm, NaOH concentration 8 M and the mass ratio of CFA/Na2SiO3 was 0.75. For the comparative study with fly ash based cement, the cement mortars were prepared by varying the cements and mass ratio. The highest compressive strength (14.16 MPa) of the cement mortar was however obtained with 1:3 cement sand ratio after 7 days of curing, the ratio of 1:4 was considered for comparison. The cement and geopolymer mixture mortars were also prepared with varying (cement + sand) and (CFA+ NaOH+ Na2SiO3) mass ratio. The maximum compressive strength of 3.84 MPa was obtained for 1:2 mass ratio with 7 days of curing. The maximum compressive strengths of CFA based geopolymer, CFA added cement and cement and geopolymer mixture were 17.06, 21.3 and 11.42 MPa with 90 days of curing respectively.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"94 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82405229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bulk materials include the construction materials such as plaster sand gravel and cement as well as raw materials. Asbestos is the naturally occurring magnesium silicate mineral fibers which has high tensile strength, flexibility and resistance to chemicals, high temperature and stress; this is why it has been considered and used in bulk materials. These mineral fibers are needle shaped and can stick to lung tissue when inhaled and cause inflammation and serious health problems such as asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer or internal fibrosis. It can be detected by simple microscopic method using mineral acid and heat treatment. The method would help in quality analysis of asbestos fiber and save from asbestos induced disease and to develop alternative materials of asbestos fiber material.
{"title":"Identification of Asbestos Content in Bulk Materials Imported in Nepal","authors":"A. Pathak, Manbir Giri, B. Pokhrel, M. Wagle","doi":"10.3126/sw.v13i13.30481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30481","url":null,"abstract":"The bulk materials include the construction materials such as plaster sand gravel and cement as well as raw materials. Asbestos is the naturally occurring magnesium silicate mineral fibers which has high tensile strength, flexibility and resistance to chemicals, high temperature and stress; this is why it has been considered and used in bulk materials. These mineral fibers are needle shaped and can stick to lung tissue when inhaled and cause inflammation and serious health problems such as asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer or internal fibrosis. It can be detected by simple microscopic method using mineral acid and heat treatment. The method would help in quality analysis of asbestos fiber and save from asbestos induced disease and to develop alternative materials of asbestos fiber material.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"7 1","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85331199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santosh Bhusal, D. Pant, G. Joshi, Minu Adhikari, J. Raut, Manisha Pandey, Lok Ranjan Bhatt
Wild edible fruits play an important role in the nutrition of rural people especially in the hilly and mountainous region, where the wild fruits could be the only source to consume. Though wild edible fruits are widely utilized throughout the country, little works have been done in Nepal on their nutritional and phytochemical analysis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and nutraceutical potential of the selected wild edible fruits. The fruit samples were extracted in appropriate solvents and all the analyses were done in triplicates using 96 well ELISA plate reader. Nutritionally, Rubus acuminatus was found to be rich in Vitamin C (0.78 ± 0.01 mg/g) over other fruits. Protein content was found to be high in Berberis napaulensis (2.26 ± 0.71 %) and R. ellipticus showed greater lipid (0.15 ± 0.01 %) and β-carotene content (1.08 ± 0.01 mg/100mg). R. acuminatus was found to have high flavonoid content (9.26 ± 0.40 mg QE/g) and exhibited higher antioxidant activity while B. angulosa (29.67 ± 2.28 mg GAE/g) had the highest phenolic content.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity and Nutraceutical Potential of Selected Nepalese Wild Edible Fruits","authors":"Santosh Bhusal, D. Pant, G. Joshi, Minu Adhikari, J. Raut, Manisha Pandey, Lok Ranjan Bhatt","doi":"10.3126/sw.v13i13.30482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30482","url":null,"abstract":"Wild edible fruits play an important role in the nutrition of rural people especially in the hilly and mountainous region, where the wild fruits could be the only source to consume. Though wild edible fruits are widely utilized throughout the country, little works have been done in Nepal on their nutritional and phytochemical analysis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and nutraceutical potential of the selected wild edible fruits. The fruit samples were extracted in appropriate solvents and all the analyses were done in triplicates using 96 well ELISA plate reader. Nutritionally, Rubus acuminatus was found to be rich in Vitamin C (0.78 ± 0.01 mg/g) over other fruits. Protein content was found to be high in Berberis napaulensis (2.26 ± 0.71 %) and R. ellipticus showed greater lipid (0.15 ± 0.01 %) and β-carotene content (1.08 ± 0.01 mg/100mg). R. acuminatus was found to have high flavonoid content (9.26 ± 0.40 mg QE/g) and exhibited higher antioxidant activity while B. angulosa (29.67 ± 2.28 mg GAE/g) had the highest phenolic content.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"4 1","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80848199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we discussed about the dusty environment of the far infrared cavity around the AGB star located at R.A. (J2000) =01h41m 01s and Dec (J2000) = 71o 04’ 00 9, lying within far infrared loop G125+09 6 in the far infrared IRAS maps. A cavity like structure (major diameter ∼2.55pc & minor diameter ∼0.77pc) is found to lie at R.A. (J2000) = 01h46m57.2s and DEC (J2000) = 71o24’57.1”, located at a distance ∼ 220pc from the star. We studied the distribution of flux density, dust color temperature, dust mass, visual extinction in the cavity. We further studied the distribution Planck function along extension and compression, distribution of dust color temperature along square of the major and minor diameters. The dust color temperature is found to lie in the range (19.7±1.25) K to (21.1±0.55)K which shows the cavity is isolated and stable. A possible explanation of the results will be discussed.
{"title":"Study of a Far Infrared Cavity at 60 μm and 100 μm IRAS Map around the Carbon-Rich AGB Star at Galactic Latitude 8.6°","authors":"A. K. Gautam, B. Aryal","doi":"10.3126/sw.v13i13.30483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30483","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discussed about the dusty environment of the far infrared cavity around the AGB star located at R.A. (J2000) =01h41m 01s and Dec (J2000) = 71o 04’ 00 9, lying within far infrared loop G125+09 6 in the far infrared IRAS maps. A cavity like structure (major diameter ∼2.55pc & minor diameter ∼0.77pc) is found to lie at R.A. (J2000) = 01h46m57.2s and DEC (J2000) = 71o24’57.1”, located at a distance ∼ 220pc from the star. We studied the distribution of flux density, dust color temperature, dust mass, visual extinction in the cavity. We further studied the distribution Planck function along extension and compression, distribution of dust color temperature along square of the major and minor diameters. The dust color temperature is found to lie in the range (19.7±1.25) K to (21.1±0.55)K which shows the cavity is isolated and stable. A possible explanation of the results will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"98 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76534202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a continuation of solving the equations governing the perturbation of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-RobertsonWalker (FLRW) space-time in Newman-Penrose formalism, the behaviour of the massive Klein-Gordon (KG) field coupled to the FLRW has been investigated. The Equation of Motion has been written and solved separately for radial and temporal parts. The former solution has come to be in terms of the Gegenbauer polynomials and spherical harmonics and the latter being in the WKB approximation. The particle current, energy momentum tensor and potential have also been obtained.
{"title":"Klein Gordon Field in FLRW Space-Time","authors":"S. Sharma, P. Dhungel, U. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/sw.v13i13.30480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/sw.v13i13.30480","url":null,"abstract":"As a continuation of solving the equations governing the perturbation of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-RobertsonWalker (FLRW) space-time in Newman-Penrose formalism, the behaviour of the massive Klein-Gordon (KG) field coupled to the FLRW has been investigated. The Equation of Motion has been written and solved separately for radial and temporal parts. The former solution has come to be in terms of the Gegenbauer polynomials and spherical harmonics and the latter being in the WKB approximation. The particle current, energy momentum tensor and potential have also been obtained.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72858401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Adhikari, Aarati Shah, Bibek Achraya, A. Karn, S. Chapagain
To evaluate the accuracy of radiation dose delivered to the cancer patients by using HDR Brachytherapy and to know proposed methods for the initial source installation tests, acceptance testing and a quality assurance program are done on Nucletron MicroSelectron 192Ir HDR Brachytherapy Afterloader at NAMS, Bir Hospital. The observation of sweet spots (maximum dose distribution) by using well chamber (SI HDR 1000) and electrometer (SI CDX 2000). On the basis of the observed sweet spot, Air Kerma Strength of the source is determined. Beside this includes the conformation of step size, radioactivity of the nuclides and safety measures of the machine. A careful radiation survey has been undertaken around the brachytherapy by using well calibrated TBM-IC Mark V is a small ion chamber radiation monitor. Acceptance testing and commissioning of the HDR brachytherapy unit has been completed. Air Kerma strength in newly installed source exhibit small variation but within the limit. The step size has standard deviation 0.05 with the planned step size. The measurement of radiation level around brachytherapy shows the level is within the criteria. Nucletron MicroSelectron 192Ir HDR brachytherapy system has been implemented in our unit. The acceptance test shows that status of brachytherapy and its components are functioning well. Radiation dose which will be delivered to the cancer patients are within planned dose. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 85-88
{"title":"ACCEPTANCE TESTING, COMMISSIONING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR A NUCLETRON 192IR HDR BRACHYTHERAPY AFTERLOADER AT NAMS, BIR HOSPITAL","authors":"K. Adhikari, Aarati Shah, Bibek Achraya, A. Karn, S. Chapagain","doi":"10.3126/SW.V12I12.13604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V12I12.13604","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the accuracy of radiation dose delivered to the cancer patients by using HDR Brachytherapy and to know proposed methods for the initial source installation tests, acceptance testing and a quality assurance program are done on Nucletron MicroSelectron 192Ir HDR Brachytherapy Afterloader at NAMS, Bir Hospital. The observation of sweet spots (maximum dose distribution) by using well chamber (SI HDR 1000) and electrometer (SI CDX 2000). On the basis of the observed sweet spot, Air Kerma Strength of the source is determined. Beside this includes the conformation of step size, radioactivity of the nuclides and safety measures of the machine. A careful radiation survey has been undertaken around the brachytherapy by using well calibrated TBM-IC Mark V is a small ion chamber radiation monitor. Acceptance testing and commissioning of the HDR brachytherapy unit has been completed. Air Kerma strength in newly installed source exhibit small variation but within the limit. The step size has standard deviation 0.05 with the planned step size. The measurement of radiation level around brachytherapy shows the level is within the criteria. Nucletron MicroSelectron 192Ir HDR brachytherapy system has been implemented in our unit. The acceptance test shows that status of brachytherapy and its components are functioning well. Radiation dose which will be delivered to the cancer patients are within planned dose. Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 85-88","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"26 1","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78514276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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