Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.028
Ruben Torre Alvarez, Diana Nolazco Cama, Lena Tellez Monzón
Thermal regulation and ultrasound affect the physical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of essential oils and hydrosols extracted by microwaves from the leaves of Tagetes elliptica S. (chincho). The leaves were conditioned by dehydration or freezing, then pre-treated with ultrasound for 15 or 30 minutes at 40 Hz to finally obtain the essential oil (AECH) and hydrolat (HCH) through microwave extraction (500 W and 30 minutes). Yields, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, leaf structure by optical microscopy, and chemical composition by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were evaluated. The conditioning of the leaves by freezing and sonication for 30 minutes obtained the best performance, 8.86±0.1% and 67.40 ± 4.8%, phenolic content of 39.4±0.1 mg EAG/mL and 346.2 ± 13.6 mg EAG/mL, and antioxidant capacity of 35.7 μmol EqT/mg and 0.25 μmol EqT/mg equivalent, for AECH and HCH, respectively in every case. Structural damage of the leaves was observed due to the effect of the conditioning-ultrasound-microwave treatments, achieving a more significant release of bioactive compounds. The main compounds of the essential oil were tagetenones (49.2%), followed by cis-miroxide (14.5%), dihydrotagetone (13.9%), tagetone (9.8%) and ocimene (2.4%); the main compounds in the hydrolate were cis-myroxide (44.66%), followed by cis- tagetone (23.84%), trans-tagetone (12.24%), linalool oxide (5.48%) and dihydrotagetone (4.04%). The significant contribution of the present study is the extraction techniques and chemical profile of tagetes elliptica extracts.
{"title":"Effect of the conditioning and ultrasound-microwave sequential technique on the yield, chemical and functional properties of the essential oils and hydrolats extracted from the leaves of Tagetes elliptica Smith","authors":"Ruben Torre Alvarez, Diana Nolazco Cama, Lena Tellez Monzón","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.028","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal regulation and ultrasound affect the physical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of essential oils and hydrosols extracted by microwaves from the leaves of Tagetes elliptica S. (chincho). The leaves were conditioned by dehydration or freezing, then pre-treated with ultrasound for 15 or 30 minutes at 40 Hz to finally obtain the essential oil (AECH) and hydrolat (HCH) through microwave extraction (500 W and 30 minutes). Yields, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, leaf structure by optical microscopy, and chemical composition by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were evaluated. The conditioning of the leaves by freezing and sonication for 30 minutes obtained the best performance, 8.86±0.1% and 67.40 ± 4.8%, phenolic content of 39.4±0.1 mg EAG/mL and 346.2 ± 13.6 mg EAG/mL, and antioxidant capacity of 35.7 μmol EqT/mg and 0.25 μmol EqT/mg equivalent, for AECH and HCH, respectively in every case. Structural damage of the leaves was observed due to the effect of the conditioning-ultrasound-microwave treatments, achieving a more significant release of bioactive compounds. The main compounds of the essential oil were tagetenones (49.2%), followed by cis-miroxide (14.5%), dihydrotagetone (13.9%), tagetone (9.8%) and ocimene (2.4%); the main compounds in the hydrolate were cis-myroxide (44.66%), followed by cis- tagetone (23.84%), trans-tagetone (12.24%), linalool oxide (5.48%) and dihydrotagetone (4.04%). The significant contribution of the present study is the extraction techniques and chemical profile of tagetes elliptica extracts.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48834544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.026
Raudel Pérez del Rio, Martín Hidalgo Reyes, Magdaleno Caballero Caballero, L. H. Hernández Gómez
A neural network and a genetic algorithm were used in a hybrid method to get the optimal design parameters of an Agave angustifolia Haw. green leaf shredder. First, a prototype of an experimental machine was built using the design parameters recommended by the literature and calculated using linear equations. Then, the shredder prototype was subjected to experiments. The defibration data with different blade adjustments were obtained with experimental values. The data was configured and trained with an artificial neural network to establish a correlation between the defibration quality and the design parameters. The multi-objective optimization method based on genetic algorithms determined the optimal design parameters of the shredder’s functional mechanical elements. The best point was obtained from the least number of broken fibers (2.83%) and the most waste (73.15%). The method used proved suitable to optimize the design parameters; this was based on actual data obtained by experiments performed with the prototype and then modeled through artificial intelligence methods such as neural networks to determine an optimal solution using evolutionary genetic algorithm methods.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization through artificial intelligence for designing of an Agave angustifolia leaf shredder","authors":"Raudel Pérez del Rio, Martín Hidalgo Reyes, Magdaleno Caballero Caballero, L. H. Hernández Gómez","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.026","url":null,"abstract":"A neural network and a genetic algorithm were used in a hybrid method to get the optimal design parameters of an Agave angustifolia Haw. green leaf shredder. First, a prototype of an experimental machine was built using the design parameters recommended by the literature and calculated using linear equations. Then, the shredder prototype was subjected to experiments. The defibration data with different blade adjustments were obtained with experimental values. The data was configured and trained with an artificial neural network to establish a correlation between the defibration quality and the design parameters. The multi-objective optimization method based on genetic algorithms determined the optimal design parameters of the shredder’s functional mechanical elements. The best point was obtained from the least number of broken fibers (2.83%) and the most waste (73.15%). The method used proved suitable to optimize the design parameters; this was based on actual data obtained by experiments performed with the prototype and then modeled through artificial intelligence methods such as neural networks to determine an optimal solution using evolutionary genetic algorithm methods.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46449852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.027
Andrés C. Estrada Zúñiga, Jim Cárdenas, Juan Víctor Bejar, J. Ñaupari
Remote sensing with large-scale satellite images for precision studies in grasslands has spatial and spectral resolution limitations. Against this, using spectral signs and vegetation indices obtained with microsensors transported by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) constitutes a more accurate alternative for biomass estimation. In the fieldwork, images were acquired with microsensors, and fixed transects of 100 m were used where vegetation samples were collected. The photographs acquired with the UAV were processed in Pix 4D, Arc Gis, and algorithms elaborated in R programming language. The biomass estimation was carried out with Multiple Linear Regression, Vector Support Machine, and Random (Forest Random) models. The Random model showed a Kappa coefficient of 0.94 in the training set and 0.901 in the test set (R2= 0.482). The Random Forest model predicted 3 g/pixel of MV for Puna grass in the rainy season and 2 g/pixel for the dry season; the predicted biomass for the Tola bush was 15 g/pixel of MV for bothseasons of the year. The estimation of biomass/hectare for the tolar plant community with its tola shrub and Puna grass components was 6,535.88 kg/ha for the rainy season and 6,588.81 kg/ha for the dry season. The difference between the biomass estimated in the field and the biomass estimated with Random Forestwas 5.48% for the rainy season and 9.63% for the dry season.
{"title":"Biomass estimation of a high Andean plant community with multispectral images acquired using UAV remote sensing and Multiple Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine and Random Forests models","authors":"Andrés C. Estrada Zúñiga, Jim Cárdenas, Juan Víctor Bejar, J. Ñaupari","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.027","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing with large-scale satellite images for precision studies in grasslands has spatial and spectral resolution limitations. Against this, using spectral signs and vegetation indices obtained with microsensors transported by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) constitutes a more accurate alternative for biomass estimation. In the fieldwork, images were acquired with microsensors, and fixed transects of 100 m were used where vegetation samples were collected. The photographs acquired with the UAV were processed in Pix 4D, Arc Gis, and algorithms elaborated in R programming language. The biomass estimation was carried out with Multiple Linear Regression, Vector Support Machine, and Random (Forest Random) models. The Random model showed a Kappa coefficient of 0.94 in the training set and 0.901 in the test set (R2= 0.482). The Random Forest model predicted 3 g/pixel of MV for Puna grass in the rainy season and 2 g/pixel for the dry season; the predicted biomass for the Tola bush was 15 g/pixel of MV for bothseasons of the year. The estimation of biomass/hectare for the tolar plant community with its tola shrub and Puna grass components was 6,535.88 kg/ha for the rainy season and 6,588.81 kg/ha for the dry season. The difference between the biomass estimated in the field and the biomass estimated with Random Forestwas 5.48% for the rainy season and 9.63% for the dry season.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43768076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.025
Edwin Quispe-Quispe, Anthony A. Moreira-Morrillo, Felipe Rafael Garcés Fiallos
Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete that causes various symptoms, such as root, neck, stem, fruit rot, and leaf blight, in different plant species, including the genus Capsicum. One of the tools to counteract this biotic problem, which may be more profitable and respectful to the environment in the long term, is using biocontrollers such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces (bacteria), and Trichoderma (fungus). It seems that each of these microorganisms has different mechanisms that allow them to inhibit and reduce the growth of P. capsici, negatively affecting the development of sporangia, germination and motility of zoospores, and expansion of germ tube. Although this direct biocontrol action on the phytopathogen correlates with the reduction of symptoms in Capsicum plants or other plant species, this would also involve the activation of defense responses in plants against P. capsici induced by microorganisms. The activity of several enzymes related to the isoflavonoid pathways and reactive oxygen species, as well as the expression of different genes that encode proteins related to pathogenesis and other proteins that can activate the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, or ethylene signaling pathways. Despite the few existing works related to the biochemical and molecular interaction of Capsicum–P. capsici–biocontroller, in this review, we outlined and elucidated the possible effects and metabolic pathways related to this tripartite pathosystem.
{"title":"A review about biocontrollers of Phytophthora capsici and its impact on Capsicum plants: A perspective from outside to inside the plant","authors":"Edwin Quispe-Quispe, Anthony A. Moreira-Morrillo, Felipe Rafael Garcés Fiallos","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.025","url":null,"abstract":"Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete that causes various symptoms, such as root, neck, stem, fruit rot, and leaf blight, in different plant species, including the genus Capsicum. One of the tools to counteract this biotic problem, which may be more profitable and respectful to the environment in the long term, is using biocontrollers such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces (bacteria), and Trichoderma (fungus). It seems that each of these microorganisms has different mechanisms that allow them to inhibit and reduce the growth of P. capsici, negatively affecting the development of sporangia, germination and motility of zoospores, and expansion of germ tube. Although this direct biocontrol action on the phytopathogen correlates with the reduction of symptoms in Capsicum plants or other plant species, this would also involve the activation of defense responses in plants against P. capsici induced by microorganisms. The activity of several enzymes related to the isoflavonoid pathways and reactive oxygen species, as well as the expression of different genes that encode proteins related to pathogenesis and other proteins that can activate the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, or ethylene signaling pathways. Despite the few existing works related to the biochemical and molecular interaction of Capsicum–P. capsici–biocontroller, in this review, we outlined and elucidated the possible effects and metabolic pathways related to this tripartite pathosystem.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41333629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.024
S. Salcedo-Mayta, Jorge Canihua-Rojas, Tomás Samaniego-Vivanco, Juancarlos Cruz-Luis, Wendy Pérez-Porras, R. C. Cosme De La Cruz
The Peruvian Altiplano presents increasing fertility losses, being susceptible to natural erosion. For many years, conventional agricultural management has generated losses of the topsoil and deterioration of soil properties, impacting in crop yields and deepening the degradation of this vulnerable ecosystem. The aim of this research was to determine the benefits of cover crops against erosion, soil health and quinoa yield. The trial was carried out in Huancarani and Cahualla towns, Mañazo district, Puno; with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments: without cover and with clover (Medicago hispida G.), vetch (Vicia villosa) and mulch covers. We evaluated the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil, the biomass of the cover crops and the quinoa yield. The results showed that the treatments with clover, mulch and vetch covers reduced soil erosion by 59.61%, 51.87% and 49.50%, respectively. Likewise, the use of clover and vetch covers increased organic carbon (29.71% and 31.16%), nitrogen (36.94% and 48.65%), and available phosphorus with clover cover (26.11%). Finally, clover cover associated with quinoa increased the yield of quinoa grain by 17% and reduced soil erosion significantly. These results show that cover crops have great potential for restoring soil health and improving yield.
{"title":"Cover crops associated with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) in the Peruvian Altiplano: Erosion reduction, improved soil health and agricultural yield","authors":"S. Salcedo-Mayta, Jorge Canihua-Rojas, Tomás Samaniego-Vivanco, Juancarlos Cruz-Luis, Wendy Pérez-Porras, R. C. Cosme De La Cruz","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.024","url":null,"abstract":"The Peruvian Altiplano presents increasing fertility losses, being susceptible to natural erosion. For many years, conventional agricultural management has generated losses of the topsoil and deterioration of soil properties, impacting in crop yields and deepening the degradation of this vulnerable ecosystem. The aim of this research was to determine the benefits of cover crops against erosion, soil health and quinoa yield. The trial was carried out in Huancarani and Cahualla towns, Mañazo district, Puno; with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments: without cover and with clover (Medicago hispida G.), vetch (Vicia villosa) and mulch covers. We evaluated the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil, the biomass of the cover crops and the quinoa yield. The results showed that the treatments with clover, mulch and vetch covers reduced soil erosion by 59.61%, 51.87% and 49.50%, respectively. Likewise, the use of clover and vetch covers increased organic carbon (29.71% and 31.16%), nitrogen (36.94% and 48.65%), and available phosphorus with clover cover (26.11%). Finally, clover cover associated with quinoa increased the yield of quinoa grain by 17% and reduced soil erosion significantly. These results show that cover crops have great potential for restoring soil health and improving yield.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48529569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.022
A. Cerna-Cueva, Casiano Aguirre-Escalante, Bertha Leonor Wong-Figueroa, Janeth Leynig Tello-Cornejo, Werner Pinchi-Ramírez
The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of surface water used for irrigation in the Huallaga basin. We worked with water quality monitoring data in the basin conducted by the National Water Authority (ANA) counting 139 monitoring points, evaluating 41 parameters for the period 2014 - 2019, the Peruvian Water Quality Index (ICA - PE) intended for irrigation was calculated, using as reference values the Environmental Quality Standard (ECA) for surface water in category 3 D1 (irrigation water). Of the 139 monitoring points, 26 (18.71%) were of excellent quality, 62 (44.60%) of good quality, 35 (25.18%) of fair quality, 13 (9.35%) of poor quality and 3 (2.16%) of very poor quality. The main contaminants found were thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, which on average exceeded the ECA by 606 and 288 times and by 53.4% (1029/1927) and 38.9% (701/1803) respectively. Contamination by organochlorine pesticides, in 100% (10/10) of the chlordane measurements the RCT was exceeded and with respect to Endrin, Aldrin and DDT the RCT was exceeded in 40% (10/25). The pH, in 25.6% of the measurements the water was outside the ranges tending to alkalinity and for manganese, iron and aluminum, exceeded the ECAs in 17.7%, 13.3% and 11.2% respectively. The main contaminant sources are agricultural and municipal wastewater and the presence of critical points of solid waste.
{"title":"Water quality for irrigation in the Huallaga basin, Peru","authors":"A. Cerna-Cueva, Casiano Aguirre-Escalante, Bertha Leonor Wong-Figueroa, Janeth Leynig Tello-Cornejo, Werner Pinchi-Ramírez","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.022","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of surface water used for irrigation in the Huallaga basin. We worked with water quality monitoring data in the basin conducted by the National Water Authority (ANA) counting 139 monitoring points, evaluating 41 parameters for the period 2014 - 2019, the Peruvian Water Quality Index (ICA - PE) intended for irrigation was calculated, using as reference values the Environmental Quality Standard (ECA) for surface water in category 3 D1 (irrigation water). Of the 139 monitoring points, 26 (18.71%) were of excellent quality, 62 (44.60%) of good quality, 35 (25.18%) of fair quality, 13 (9.35%) of poor quality and 3 (2.16%) of very poor quality. The main contaminants found were thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, which on average exceeded the ECA by 606 and 288 times and by 53.4% (1029/1927) and 38.9% (701/1803) respectively. Contamination by organochlorine pesticides, in 100% (10/10) of the chlordane measurements the RCT was exceeded and with respect to Endrin, Aldrin and DDT the RCT was exceeded in 40% (10/25). The pH, in 25.6% of the measurements the water was outside the ranges tending to alkalinity and for manganese, iron and aluminum, exceeded the ECAs in 17.7%, 13.3% and 11.2% respectively. The main contaminant sources are agricultural and municipal wastewater and the presence of critical points of solid waste.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47281410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.023
Francisco Javier Irreño-Barrera, Neila Sofía Escorcia-Álvarez, Gary Mauricio Navarro-Gómez, Laura Muñoz-Salinas, Juan Carlos Navas-Rodriguez, Aníbal Domínguez-Odio, Daniel Leonardo Cala-Delgado
Stress in the pre-slaughter stage is a critical period in the production chain because it causes losses in animal live weight, affects carcass yield and quality, and leads to a loss of animal welfare due to an alteration in the homeostasis of the organism as a result of exposure to stressful situations. This review identifies and describes the stressors that have been reported in the last 5 years as the main causes of meat quality deterioration, including animal handling activities by farm or plant personnel (transport, loading and unloading, in the slaughter plant), environmental conditions (temperature, vibrations), waiting time prior to slaughter and mixing of lots, water and food fasting period, and fatigue states, as well as the biomarkers routinely used for the study of conditions associated with stress. Although research on the subject is abundant, the biochemical mechanisms involved in obtaining certain organoleptic characteristics of meat with respect to stress levels and the individual variations observable in different groups of animals are still not completely clear, and more research is needed on stress biomarkers that allow a more specific, effective and non-invasive identification and measurement.
{"title":"Recent advances in the study of pre-slaughter stress factors on beef, poultry and pork quality","authors":"Francisco Javier Irreño-Barrera, Neila Sofía Escorcia-Álvarez, Gary Mauricio Navarro-Gómez, Laura Muñoz-Salinas, Juan Carlos Navas-Rodriguez, Aníbal Domínguez-Odio, Daniel Leonardo Cala-Delgado","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.023","url":null,"abstract":"Stress in the pre-slaughter stage is a critical period in the production chain because it causes losses in animal live weight, affects carcass yield and quality, and leads to a loss of animal welfare due to an alteration in the homeostasis of the organism as a result of exposure to stressful situations. This review identifies and describes the stressors that have been reported in the last 5 years as the main causes of meat quality deterioration, including animal handling activities by farm or plant personnel (transport, loading and unloading, in the slaughter plant), environmental conditions (temperature, vibrations), waiting time prior to slaughter and mixing of lots, water and food fasting period, and fatigue states, as well as the biomarkers routinely used for the study of conditions associated with stress. Although research on the subject is abundant, the biochemical mechanisms involved in obtaining certain organoleptic characteristics of meat with respect to stress levels and the individual variations observable in different groups of animals are still not completely clear, and more research is needed on stress biomarkers that allow a more specific, effective and non-invasive identification and measurement.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43966388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.021
G. A. Carbajal-Gamboa, A. E. Ostolaza-Saz, D. A. Dueñas-Parapar, J. Casanova, H. M. Gonzales-Molfino
3D bioprinters present techniques that have various applications in the food industry. For this reason, this work aims to compile and review various research works focused on the utilities and advantages of this type of machinery. Where we first mention the basis of these bioprinting techniques and then proceed to highlight the bioethical issues that surround their application in the food industry, analyze the current advantages and disadvantages, the user that has been given in the production of food for astronauts, and also mention some of the research that has been taking place in Latin America and the world. The greatest advantage of 3D bioprinting of food is the speed of production compared to traditional manufacturing methods, allowing one to obtain food with various geometric shapes; it allows control of the nutritional value, and the texture of the product, reduces environmental pollution and has the advantage of being able to take advantage of the greater performance of the materials required for production. Additionally, this technology is considered an alternative production technique that will be used to solve the problem of feeding in places of scarce resources such as space and areas not suitable for animal husbandry.
{"title":"Bioprinting as a food production technique: conceptual and ethical aspects, advantages and disadvantages, and applications","authors":"G. A. Carbajal-Gamboa, A. E. Ostolaza-Saz, D. A. Dueñas-Parapar, J. Casanova, H. M. Gonzales-Molfino","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.021","url":null,"abstract":"3D bioprinters present techniques that have various applications in the food industry. For this reason, this work aims to compile and review various research works focused on the utilities and advantages of this type of machinery. Where we first mention the basis of these bioprinting techniques and then proceed to highlight the bioethical issues that surround their application in the food industry, analyze the current advantages and disadvantages, the user that has been given in the production of food for astronauts, and also mention some of the research that has been taking place in Latin America and the world. The greatest advantage of 3D bioprinting of food is the speed of production compared to traditional manufacturing methods, allowing one to obtain food with various geometric shapes; it allows control of the nutritional value, and the texture of the product, reduces environmental pollution and has the advantage of being able to take advantage of the greater performance of the materials required for production. Additionally, this technology is considered an alternative production technique that will be used to solve the problem of feeding in places of scarce resources such as space and areas not suitable for animal husbandry.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45211701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.020
Del Piero R. Arana-Ruedas, Nabilt Jill Moggiano Aburto
Agriculture and water resource are highly threatened due to climate change, increasing the probability of backsliding on almost every aspect of sustainable development worldwide. For instance, water resource distribution throughout the Peruvian territory is not homogeneous. Hydrometeorological phenomena also threaten it, so it is crucial for the agriculture sector and water management to increase resilience against climate change. The study aims to understand the Peruvian conduct under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime. Its influence in the Peruvian adaptation regulation and public institutions over the years and the interaction with the latest commitment to the UNFCCC related to climate change agriculture - water resources. The methodology used for the study was qualitative, delivered throughout a documentary analysis, and narrative design among scientific papers, UNFCCC documentation, and Peruvian regulation to weave the experience occurred and the sequences of the events to set up a general narrative. The results show that Peru has active participation in the UNFCCC, particularly under a neoliberalism approach. The convention pushed institutional and regulatory development of the Peruvian Government constantly. Also, after the Paris Agreement, one of the most important influences was the implementation of Law N° 30754 on climate change, which articulates all the regulations related to it, providing a national, more substantial legally-binding commitment. Finally, it is important for Peru to analyze the achievement of current adaptation actions and keep studying the impacts of climate change at a local level to develop a bottom-up approach for an effective policy formulation-implementation.
{"title":"Agriculture and water resources: UNFCCC influence on Peruvian adaptation regulations to increase resilience against climate change","authors":"Del Piero R. Arana-Ruedas, Nabilt Jill Moggiano Aburto","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.020","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture and water resource are highly threatened due to climate change, increasing the probability of backsliding on almost every aspect of sustainable development worldwide. For instance, water resource distribution throughout the Peruvian territory is not homogeneous. Hydrometeorological phenomena also threaten it, so it is crucial for the agriculture sector and water management to increase resilience against climate change. The study aims to understand the Peruvian conduct under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime. Its influence in the Peruvian adaptation regulation and public institutions over the years and the interaction with the latest commitment to the UNFCCC related to climate change agriculture - water resources. The methodology used for the study was qualitative, delivered throughout a documentary analysis, and narrative design among scientific papers, UNFCCC documentation, and Peruvian regulation to weave the experience occurred and the sequences of the events to set up a general narrative. The results show that Peru has active participation in the UNFCCC, particularly under a neoliberalism approach. The convention pushed institutional and regulatory development of the Peruvian Government constantly. Also, after the Paris Agreement, one of the most important influences was the implementation of Law N° 30754 on climate change, which articulates all the regulations related to it, providing a national, more substantial legally-binding commitment. Finally, it is important for Peru to analyze the achievement of current adaptation actions and keep studying the impacts of climate change at a local level to develop a bottom-up approach for an effective policy formulation-implementation.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45595859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.019
Jordy Campos-Rodriguez, Katherine Acosta-Coral, L. Paucar-Menacho
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an Andean pseudocereal produced in countries such as Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and southern Colombia, with more than 3,000 varieties, distinguished by their nutritional properties and adaptation to different agro-ecological zones. Quinoa's nutritional profile stands out for its protein, carbohydrate, lipid and gluten-free content; it is rich in vitamins; and it is an excellent source of minerals, such as calcium, magnesium, iron and phosphorus. It is one of the few foods that have in its composition all the essential amino acids, standing out from other cereals such as rice or wheat. It is an excellent source of bioactive compounds, which have antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. With respect to quinoa leaves, several studies have indicated that they have higher protein content than grains, as well as inorganic nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc. In addition, they can potentially serve as a rich source of phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Conventional heat treatments greatly or slightly affect the composition of the food, including bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. Germination provides the product with greater bioavailability and an increase in bioactive compounds. The purpose of this work was to document research on quinoa and its leaves, the effect of thermal treatments and germination on its bioactive compounds, in order to promote the creation and innovation of products based on its bioactive compounds, thus combating malnutrition in our population.
{"title":"Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): Nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of grain and leaf, and impact of heat treatment and germination","authors":"Jordy Campos-Rodriguez, Katherine Acosta-Coral, L. Paucar-Menacho","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.019","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an Andean pseudocereal produced in countries such as Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and southern Colombia, with more than 3,000 varieties, distinguished by their nutritional properties and adaptation to different agro-ecological zones. Quinoa's nutritional profile stands out for its protein, carbohydrate, lipid and gluten-free content; it is rich in vitamins; and it is an excellent source of minerals, such as calcium, magnesium, iron and phosphorus. It is one of the few foods that have in its composition all the essential amino acids, standing out from other cereals such as rice or wheat. It is an excellent source of bioactive compounds, which have antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. With respect to quinoa leaves, several studies have indicated that they have higher protein content than grains, as well as inorganic nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc. In addition, they can potentially serve as a rich source of phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Conventional heat treatments greatly or slightly affect the composition of the food, including bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. Germination provides the product with greater bioavailability and an increase in bioactive compounds. The purpose of this work was to document research on quinoa and its leaves, the effect of thermal treatments and germination on its bioactive compounds, in order to promote the creation and innovation of products based on its bioactive compounds, thus combating malnutrition in our population.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41525537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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