Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.018
Roxana Bardales Alvarez, Isaac Yana, E. Ramos, M. Rocío Torres
The “Majes Valley” in the province of Castilla – Arequipa Region, with a tradition in the production of wine and pisco, from grapevines introduced in the mid-sixteenth century, which are still preserved by some producers, with little knowledge of the varietal richness they possess, generating confusion in the identification of varieties and devaluing their winegrower potential. In this work, a varietal survey was carried out by wine-growing areas, characterizing the local varieties of old vineyards, with 14 primary descriptors recommended by the OIV-2009 and genetically identifying a sample of 11 phenotypes with the use of 9-SSR molecular markers when compared in the VIVC international database record. Seven wine-growing areas of the valley and 39 varieties with local names were identified, initially forming 13 groups of different names, which when analyzed by means of the canonical discriminant analysis and of main components, high inter- and intra-group phenotypic variability is evidenced due to the influence of some characters. In the analysis of the berry color the blue-black coloration predominates. Four varieties registered in the VIVC were genetically identified, corresponding to ´Listan Prieto` (syn. Negra Criolla and Moscatel), ´Quebranta` (syn.Vinera), ´Muscat Hamburg` (syn.Italia Negra) and ´Jacquez` (syn. Borgoña Majeña) and 2 unregistered varieties “Cantarita” and “Aceituna de Cotahuasi”. A varietal diversity with characteristics of interest in viticulture and plant breeding is observed, with contribution to the varietal identity of known and new creole varieties, contributing to the heritage value of the vine.
卡斯蒂利亚省-阿雷基帕地区的“Majes Valley”有着葡萄酒和皮斯科生产的传统，葡萄藤于16世纪中期引进，一些生产商对葡萄品种的丰富性知之甚少，至今仍保留着这些葡萄藤，这导致了品种识别的混乱，并使其种植者的潜力大打折扣。在这项工作中，对葡萄酒种植区进行了品种调查，用OIV-2009推荐的14个主要描述符对老葡萄园的当地品种进行了表征，并在VIVC国际数据库记录中进行比较时，使用9-SSR分子标记对11种表型的样本进行了基因鉴定。确定了山谷中的7个葡萄酒种植区和39个具有当地名称的品种，最初形成了13组不同名称的葡萄酒，当通过典型判别分析和主要成分分析时，由于一些性状的影响，证明了组间和组内表型的高变异性。在浆果颜色的分析中，以蓝黑色为主。对在VIVC中注册的四个品种进行了基因鉴定，分别为“Listan Prieto”（即Negra Criolla和Moscatel）、“Quebranta”（即Vinera）、“Muscat Hamburg”（即Italia Negra）和“Jacquez”（即Borgoña Majeña）以及2个未注册品种“Cantarita”和“Aceituna de Cotahuasi”。观察到葡萄品种多样性，具有葡萄栽培和植物育种方面的兴趣，有助于已知和新克里奥尔品种的品种特性，也有助于提高葡萄的遗产价值。
{"title":"Varietal richness of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) from the Majes Valley, Peru: Identification, morphological characterization, ampelographic and genetic analysis","authors":"Roxana Bardales Alvarez, Isaac Yana, E. Ramos, M. Rocío Torres","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.018","url":null,"abstract":"The “Majes Valley” in the province of Castilla – Arequipa Region, with a tradition in the production of wine and pisco, from grapevines introduced in the mid-sixteenth century, which are still preserved by some producers, with little knowledge of the varietal richness they possess, generating confusion in the identification of varieties and devaluing their winegrower potential. In this work, a varietal survey was carried out by wine-growing areas, characterizing the local varieties of old vineyards, with 14 primary descriptors recommended by the OIV-2009 and genetically identifying a sample of 11 phenotypes with the use of 9-SSR molecular markers when compared in the VIVC international database record. Seven wine-growing areas of the valley and 39 varieties with local names were identified, initially forming 13 groups of different names, which when analyzed by means of the canonical discriminant analysis and of main components, high inter- and intra-group phenotypic variability is evidenced due to the influence of some characters. In the analysis of the berry color the blue-black coloration predominates. Four varieties registered in the VIVC were genetically identified, corresponding to ´Listan Prieto` (syn. Negra Criolla and Moscatel), ´Quebranta` (syn.Vinera), ´Muscat Hamburg` (syn.Italia Negra) and ´Jacquez` (syn. Borgoña Majeña) and 2 unregistered varieties “Cantarita” and “Aceituna de Cotahuasi”. A varietal diversity with characteristics of interest in viticulture and plant breeding is observed, with contribution to the varietal identity of known and new creole varieties, contributing to the heritage value of the vine.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41572927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.013
Edwin Martin Pino Vargas, Germán Huayna
Climate change, as well as the appearance of pests and diseases, are affecting olive plantations (Olea europaea L.) and the production of olives in the world, therefore, there is an urgent need for tools to help us identify the spatial and temporal evolution of the olive groves, regarding the attack of pests, in this case, the Orthezia olivicola and the olive borer Phloeotribus scarabaeoides. In this work, we use information from freely available satellite images that allowed us to carry out spatial and temporal analysis and the combination of vegetation indices. For the studied area, according to the values of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), it was identified that the surface of diseased plants ranges from 42% to 68%, moderately healthy plants from 2% to 18%, and the state of the plantation considered as very healthy plants with a tendency to zero, which means that practically 100% of the olive trees are affected by some level. The temporal variation of the NDVI, DVI, SAVI, GNDVI, EVI2, and MSAVI indices, allowed us to establish the states of affectation as mild, moderate pest attack, the severity of the pest attack added to the water deficit, and very strong pest attack and state of permanent wilting.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal evolution of olive cultivation due to pest attack, using remote sensing and satellite image processing","authors":"Edwin Martin Pino Vargas, Germán Huayna","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.013","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change, as well as the appearance of pests and diseases, are affecting olive plantations (Olea europaea L.) and the production of olives in the world, therefore, there is an urgent need for tools to help us identify the spatial and temporal evolution of the olive groves, regarding the attack of pests, in this case, the Orthezia olivicola and the olive borer Phloeotribus scarabaeoides. In this work, we use information from freely available satellite images that allowed us to carry out spatial and temporal analysis and the combination of vegetation indices. For the studied area, according to the values of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), it was identified that the surface of diseased plants ranges from 42% to 68%, moderately healthy plants from 2% to 18%, and the state of the plantation considered as very healthy plants with a tendency to zero, which means that practically 100% of the olive trees are affected by some level. The temporal variation of the NDVI, DVI, SAVI, GNDVI, EVI2, and MSAVI indices, allowed us to establish the states of affectation as mild, moderate pest attack, the severity of the pest attack added to the water deficit, and very strong pest attack and state of permanent wilting.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47712443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.012
Deyvis Espinoza, A. Castillo
At present, numerous methodologies have been developed to obtain the maximum use of fish proteins, to satisfy human nutritional demand, this use has been made both from whole fish and from its residues or by-products (liver, head, skin, gonads, skeleton, and viscera) which represent up to 60% of the whole fish. Whole fish and by-products can potentially be used as sources of essential amino acids, collagen, gelatin, polyunsaturated lipids, and enzymes. Using enzymatic technology, protein hydrolysates have been obtained with ample potential for their application as ingredients in the development and production of fortified foods, due to their functional properties (antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory), which can reduce the risk of cancer, aging, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, these hydrolysates have important techno-functional properties (foaming, solubility, emulsification, gelation, water, and oil retention) that provide desirable technological characteristics for processing, storage and product quality, as well as for behavior during processing. and storage. This review analyzes the advances in the technology for obtaining, identifying, and producing fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) by enzymatic action, with an emphasis on fish residues, highlighting the application of FPH in food, market analysis and global regulations. It is recommended to continue the studies to optimize the enzymatic production of FPH to improve the flavor and its application in the fortification of mass consumption foods.
{"title":"Technological advances in obtaining, identifying and producing protein hydrolysates from fish residues by enzymatic action: bioactive and techno-functional properties, application in food, market and regulation","authors":"Deyvis Espinoza, A. Castillo","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.012","url":null,"abstract":"At present, numerous methodologies have been developed to obtain the maximum use of fish proteins, to satisfy human nutritional demand, this use has been made both from whole fish and from its residues or by-products (liver, head, skin, gonads, skeleton, and viscera) which represent up to 60% of the whole fish. Whole fish and by-products can potentially be used as sources of essential amino acids, collagen, gelatin, polyunsaturated lipids, and enzymes. Using enzymatic technology, protein hydrolysates have been obtained with ample potential for their application as ingredients in the development and production of fortified foods, due to their functional properties (antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory), which can reduce the risk of cancer, aging, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, these hydrolysates have important techno-functional properties (foaming, solubility, emulsification, gelation, water, and oil retention) that provide desirable technological characteristics for processing, storage and product quality, as well as for behavior during processing. and storage. This review analyzes the advances in the technology for obtaining, identifying, and producing fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) by enzymatic action, with an emphasis on fish residues, highlighting the application of FPH in food, market analysis and global regulations. It is recommended to continue the studies to optimize the enzymatic production of FPH to improve the flavor and its application in the fortification of mass consumption foods.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42288319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.010
Michael Niño-de-Guzman Tito, J. M. Vásquez-Ramos
The physicochemical and biological indices have been used in isolation; if the parameters of these indices were applied in an integrated manner, they would bring together in a single measure the functional and structural variability of the biotic and abiotic components of water quality. The aim of this study was to build a comprehensive water quality index. Eleven sampling points were selected considering different degrees of agro-industrial intervention. 21 abiotic variables and 27 biological metrics were measured. Macroinvertebrates were quantitatively collected and identified to family taxonomic level. Using Principal Component Analysis, after standardization and exclusion of uncorrelated variables (VIF ≤ 10), the abiotic gradient was determined, which represented the abiotic variables that explained the disturbances in the water; with the abiotic gradient and the biological metrics, a Pearson correlation was performed, and those biological metrics that presented a high and non-redundant correlation were selected (Pearson 0.6 ≤ r ≤ 0.8); with the selected biological metrics, we proceeded to formulate and categorize the index; finally, by means of simple linear regression, the proposed index was compared with five other indexes (ICA, ICOMO, EPT, BMWP/col. and ASPT). The results showed that the abiotic gradient was defined by CP 1 which explained 65.5% of the accumulated variance, represented by altitude (r = 0.411), iron (r = 0.345) and dissolved oxygen (r = 0.329). The biological metrics used for the index design were: % scrapers, % swimmers, NEF of order 2, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera tolerance. It was concluded that the integral index presents a higher predictive level (R2 = 0.87) of water quality, compared to the other indices: ASPT (R2 = 0.79), BMWP/col. (R2 = 0.68), EPT (R2 = 0.61), ICOMO (R2 = 0.35) and ICA (R2 = 0.27).
{"title":"Construction of an integral index based on macroinvertebrates to determine the quality of water with agro-industrial influence","authors":"Michael Niño-de-Guzman Tito, J. M. Vásquez-Ramos","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.010","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical and biological indices have been used in isolation; if the parameters of these indices were applied in an integrated manner, they would bring together in a single measure the functional and structural variability of the biotic and abiotic components of water quality. The aim of this study was to build a comprehensive water quality index. Eleven sampling points were selected considering different degrees of agro-industrial intervention. 21 abiotic variables and 27 biological metrics were measured. Macroinvertebrates were quantitatively collected and identified to family taxonomic level. Using Principal Component Analysis, after standardization and exclusion of uncorrelated variables (VIF ≤ 10), the abiotic gradient was determined, which represented the abiotic variables that explained the disturbances in the water; with the abiotic gradient and the biological metrics, a Pearson correlation was performed, and those biological metrics that presented a high and non-redundant correlation were selected (Pearson 0.6 ≤ r ≤ 0.8); with the selected biological metrics, we proceeded to formulate and categorize the index; finally, by means of simple linear regression, the proposed index was compared with five other indexes (ICA, ICOMO, EPT, BMWP/col. and ASPT). The results showed that the abiotic gradient was defined by CP 1 which explained 65.5% of the accumulated variance, represented by altitude (r = 0.411), iron (r = 0.345) and dissolved oxygen (r = 0.329). The biological metrics used for the index design were: % scrapers, % swimmers, NEF of order 2, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera tolerance. It was concluded that the integral index presents a higher predictive level (R2 = 0.87) of water quality, compared to the other indices: ASPT (R2 = 0.79), BMWP/col. (R2 = 0.68), EPT (R2 = 0.61), ICOMO (R2 = 0.35) and ICA (R2 = 0.27).","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42391250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.011
Hugo Huanuqueño, G. Zolla, J. Jimenez
A novel approach to strengthen maize breeding strategies is the use of the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), this index allows the identification of more stable and high-yielding genotypes with greater reliability than previous methods. To select outstanding purple popcorn S1 lines based on the MTSI, 80 purple popcorn S1 lines were evaluated in three environments. 11 characteristics were studied: expansion volume (VE), pigmented pericarp (PP), grain yield (GY), expansion percentage (PE), male flowering (FM), ear length (LM), grain moisture (HG), plant height (AP), weight of 100 grains (PG), volume of 100 grains (VG) and expanded grain size (TG). The results indicated that the environmental differences contributed to a greater extent to the total variation, followed by the genotypic differences, both were significant for all the variables, in addition, the genotype x environment interaction was significant in 10 of 11 characteristics evaluated. According to the MTSI and with a selection pressure of 15%, 12 purple popcorn S1 lines were selected as the most stable and high yielding among the 80 genotypes evaluated. The selected S1 lines will be converted into double haploid lines and evaluated for their general and specific combinatorial abilities, likewise, the unknown antioxidant capacity will be determined.
{"title":"Selection of stable and high-yielding lines of purple corn (Zea maysL.) var. popcorn using multi-trait stability index (MTSI)","authors":"Hugo Huanuqueño, G. Zolla, J. Jimenez","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.011","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach to strengthen maize breeding strategies is the use of the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), this index allows the identification of more stable and high-yielding genotypes with greater reliability than previous methods. To select outstanding purple popcorn S1 lines based on the MTSI, 80 purple popcorn S1 lines were evaluated in three environments. 11 characteristics were studied: expansion volume (VE), pigmented pericarp (PP), grain yield (GY), expansion percentage (PE), male flowering (FM), ear length (LM), grain moisture (HG), plant height (AP), weight of 100 grains (PG), volume of 100 grains (VG) and expanded grain size (TG). The results indicated that the environmental differences contributed to a greater extent to the total variation, followed by the genotypic differences, both were significant for all the variables, in addition, the genotype x environment interaction was significant in 10 of 11 characteristics evaluated. According to the MTSI and with a selection pressure of 15%, 12 purple popcorn S1 lines were selected as the most stable and high yielding among the 80 genotypes evaluated. The selected S1 lines will be converted into double haploid lines and evaluated for their general and specific combinatorial abilities, likewise, the unknown antioxidant capacity will be determined.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44969497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.009
A. Quevedo, Freddy Magdama, J. Castro, Marcos Vera-Morales
Nematophagous fungi can feed on nematodes under nutrient-poor conditions. They live in the soil and their study is important because of their possible use in the biocontrol of phytoparasitic nematodes. These fungi can be cultivated in the laboratory using different media and substrates, making them potential agents for agricultural use in tropical environments. The objective was to review recent scientific advances in the ecological interactions of nematophagous fungi and their prey, with emphasis on their use as biological controllers. Given the importance of their interactions in the soil, diversity, abundance, dispersal, and colonization of different types of habitats, these fungal microorganisms can be specialists or generalists in the predation of nematode populations in their various stages (egg, juvenile or adult). The different scientific advances and applications of predatory fungi in some tropical crops in Latin American countries are also briefly described. After these explorations, it is possible to conclude that the integrated application of microorganisms in the soil could improve the production of some cultivars by efficiently reducing nematode populations. In addition, it could improve the structure of soil trophic interactions, with environmentally benign treatments that reduce the use of chemical pesticides.
{"title":"Ecological interactions of nematophagous fungi and their potential use in tropical crops","authors":"A. Quevedo, Freddy Magdama, J. Castro, Marcos Vera-Morales","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.009","url":null,"abstract":"Nematophagous fungi can feed on nematodes under nutrient-poor conditions. They live in the soil and their study is important because of their possible use in the biocontrol of phytoparasitic nematodes. These fungi can be cultivated in the laboratory using different media and substrates, making them potential agents for agricultural use in tropical environments. The objective was to review recent scientific advances in the ecological interactions of nematophagous fungi and their prey, with emphasis on their use as biological controllers. Given the importance of their interactions in the soil, diversity, abundance, dispersal, and colonization of different types of habitats, these fungal microorganisms can be specialists or generalists in the predation of nematode populations in their various stages (egg, juvenile or adult). The different scientific advances and applications of predatory fungi in some tropical crops in Latin American countries are also briefly described. After these explorations, it is possible to conclude that the integrated application of microorganisms in the soil could improve the production of some cultivars by efficiently reducing nematode populations. In addition, it could improve the structure of soil trophic interactions, with environmentally benign treatments that reduce the use of chemical pesticides.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47236379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.008
Wilfredo Vásquez-Quispesivana, Marianela Inga, I. Betalleluz-Pallardel
Advances in data management technologies are being adapted to resolve difficulties and impacts that aquaculture manifests, some aspects that over the years have not been fully managed, are now more feasible to solve, such as the optimization of variables that intervene in the growth and increase of biomass, the prediction of water quality parameters to manage and make decisions during farming fish, the evaluation of the aquaculture environment and the impact generated by aquaculture, the diagnosis of diseases in aquaculture fish to determine more specific treatments, handling, management and closure of aquaculture farms. The objective of this article was to review within the last 20 years the various techniques, methodologies, models, algorithms, software, and devices that are used within artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning systems, to solve in a simpler way, quickly and precisely the difficulties and impacts that aquaculture manifests. In addition, the fundamentals of artificial intelligence, automatic learning and deep learning are explained, as well as the recommendations for future study on areas of interest in aquaculture, such as the reduction of production costs through the optimization of feeding based on good aquaculture practices and parameters of water quality, the identification of sex in fish that do not present sexual dimorphism, the determination of quality attributes such as the degree of pigmentation in salmon and trout.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in aquaculture: basis, applications, and future perspectives","authors":"Wilfredo Vásquez-Quispesivana, Marianela Inga, I. Betalleluz-Pallardel","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.008","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in data management technologies are being adapted to resolve difficulties and impacts that aquaculture manifests, some aspects that over the years have not been fully managed, are now more feasible to solve, such as the optimization of variables that intervene in the growth and increase of biomass, the prediction of water quality parameters to manage and make decisions during farming fish, the evaluation of the aquaculture environment and the impact generated by aquaculture, the diagnosis of diseases in aquaculture fish to determine more specific treatments, handling, management and closure of aquaculture farms. The objective of this article was to review within the last 20 years the various techniques, methodologies, models, algorithms, software, and devices that are used within artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning systems, to solve in a simpler way, quickly and precisely the difficulties and impacts that aquaculture manifests. In addition, the fundamentals of artificial intelligence, automatic learning and deep learning are explained, as well as the recommendations for future study on areas of interest in aquaculture, such as the reduction of production costs through the optimization of feeding based on good aquaculture practices and parameters of water quality, the identification of sex in fish that do not present sexual dimorphism, the determination of quality attributes such as the degree of pigmentation in salmon and trout.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.007
Henry López López, M. Beltrán Beache, Y. M. Ochoa Fuentes, Epifanio Castro del Ángel, E. Cerna Chávez, J. Delgado
The complications caused by the generation of resistance in the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli by chemical pesticides, raise the need for the alternative use of products that reduce resistance and ensure better control. The species Crotalaria longirostrata is a source of secondary metabolites, which show possible activity against insect pests. The objective of the research was to identify the compounds of the crude methanolic extract of C. longirostrata leaves, as well as to evaluate their biological activity on B. cockerelli nymphs. Twenty-five compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis; the most abundant was 1β,2β-epoxy-1α-methoxymethyl-8α-pyrrolizidine; an alkaloid of the iminosugar group, reported for the first time in C. longirostrata, of which concentrations from 2 to 30 mg/mL of the methanolic extract had to be prepared to evaluate on B. cockerelli nymphs. It showed that at 48 h, there was a mortality of 73.2%-100% in the treatments of 8, 12, 16, 20, and 30 mg/mL. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) was 4.78 mg/mL and LC95 14,52 mg/mL. The results obtained with the methanolic extract of C. longirostrata leaves for controlling the insect B. cockerelli suggest that it can potentially be used as an alternative insecticide of botanical origin to manage the insect.
{"title":"Methanolic extract of Crotalaria longirostrata: Identification of secondary metabolites and insecticidal effect","authors":"Henry López López, M. Beltrán Beache, Y. M. Ochoa Fuentes, Epifanio Castro del Ángel, E. Cerna Chávez, J. Delgado","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.007","url":null,"abstract":"The complications caused by the generation of resistance in the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli by chemical pesticides, raise the need for the alternative use of products that reduce resistance and ensure better control. The species Crotalaria longirostrata is a source of secondary metabolites, which show possible activity against insect pests. The objective of the research was to identify the compounds of the crude methanolic extract of C. longirostrata leaves, as well as to evaluate their biological activity on B. cockerelli nymphs. Twenty-five compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis; the most abundant was 1β,2β-epoxy-1α-methoxymethyl-8α-pyrrolizidine; an alkaloid of the iminosugar group, reported for the first time in C. longirostrata, of which concentrations from 2 to 30 mg/mL of the methanolic extract had to be prepared to evaluate on B. cockerelli nymphs. It showed that at 48 h, there was a mortality of 73.2%-100% in the treatments of 8, 12, 16, 20, and 30 mg/mL. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) was 4.78 mg/mL and LC95 14,52 mg/mL. The results obtained with the methanolic extract of C. longirostrata leaves for controlling the insect B. cockerelli suggest that it can potentially be used as an alternative insecticide of botanical origin to manage the insect.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45491202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.005
Paulo César Parada-Molina, V. L. Barradas-Miranda, Gustavo Ortiz Ceballos, J. Cervantes-Pérez, Carlos Roberto Cerdán Cabrera
Negative impacts of climate change are expected in the production of Coffea arabica L. one of the most commercialized tropical agroproducts in the world. However, most studies work with global circulation models, being of little use in making decisions on the scale of farm management. Given this, the objective of this study was to identify the suitability for the cultivation of C. arabica in the face of climate change and how tree cover mitigates the impacts of climate change in an agroforestry plot. The indices of climatic extremes were calculated (1961 to 2016 for Coatepec; 1985 to 2016 for Briones) and a trend analysis was carried out (Mann-Kendall). The temperature inside a plot, and on an open site, was monitored for two years (2017-2019). This was related to the climatic requirements of C. Arabica. Trends of increase (p < 0.05) of the minimum and minimum extreme annual temperatures were identified in the two stations near the plot (0.24 and 0.69 °C·decade-1 in Coatepec and 0.46 and 0.79 °C·decade-1 in Briones). The maximum temperature did not present significant increases, reducing the thermal amplitude. Both annual and seasonal precipitation shows trends of increase in intensity. All these conditions are still suitable for the cultivation of C. arabica. At the plot scale, the importance of tree cover is demonstrated, which in this agroforestry system allows to reduce the maximum temperature by 1.9 °C compared to an open site. Tree cover has also made it possible to mitigate extreme events.
{"title":"Climatic suitability for Coffea arabica L. front to climate events extreme: Tree cover importance","authors":"Paulo César Parada-Molina, V. L. Barradas-Miranda, Gustavo Ortiz Ceballos, J. Cervantes-Pérez, Carlos Roberto Cerdán Cabrera","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.005","url":null,"abstract":"Negative impacts of climate change are expected in the production of Coffea arabica L. one of the most commercialized tropical agroproducts in the world. However, most studies work with global circulation models, being of little use in making decisions on the scale of farm management. Given this, the objective of this study was to identify the suitability for the cultivation of C. arabica in the face of climate change and how tree cover mitigates the impacts of climate change in an agroforestry plot. The indices of climatic extremes were calculated (1961 to 2016 for Coatepec; 1985 to 2016 for Briones) and a trend analysis was carried out (Mann-Kendall). The temperature inside a plot, and on an open site, was monitored for two years (2017-2019). This was related to the climatic requirements of C. Arabica. Trends of increase (p < 0.05) of the minimum and minimum extreme annual temperatures were identified in the two stations near the plot (0.24 and 0.69 °C·decade-1 in Coatepec and 0.46 and 0.79 °C·decade-1 in Briones). The maximum temperature did not present significant increases, reducing the thermal amplitude. Both annual and seasonal precipitation shows trends of increase in intensity. All these conditions are still suitable for the cultivation of C. arabica. At the plot scale, the importance of tree cover is demonstrated, which in this agroforestry system allows to reduce the maximum temperature by 1.9 °C compared to an open site. Tree cover has also made it possible to mitigate extreme events.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42905937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.004
Anderson Paladines-Rezabala, Anthony A. Moreira-Morrillo, Alejandro E. Mieles, F. R. Garcés-Fiallos
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the main crops in Latin American and African countries, its almonds being marketed to produce chocolate. However, different biotic factors can negatively affect the crop production, especially on small farms where management by farmers is scarce or nonexistent. Lethal wilt (Ceratocystis cacaofunesta Engelbrecht & Harrington) together with beetle borers (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), continue to be the main problems affecting cocoa. It has been observed that both organisms interact intrinsically inside the trunks of cacao trees. Despite the importance of this interaction, in general, the countless research and review articles carried out to date have focused mainly on studying each biotic factor separately or have been addressed in a general way. Thus, in this review we mainly focus on the interaction between the Lethal wilt and the borer beetles, especially how and which is the insect that transmits the disease in cocoa plants. Additionally, an exhaustive characterization of Xyleborus ferrugineus as a possible vector of C. cacaofunesta in cacao trees has been made. From this review, we can say that Ceratocystis species still need to be fully identified and differentiated, a deeper understanding of the ecology of the scolithid X. ferrugineus, to study the interaction between C. cacaofunesta and vectors from the host response and generate new studies, and the chemical ecology of the fungus-vector-tree still needs to be understood.
{"title":"Advances in understanding of the interaction between Ceratocystis cacaofunesta and Xyleborus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on cocoa trees","authors":"Anderson Paladines-Rezabala, Anthony A. Moreira-Morrillo, Alejandro E. Mieles, F. R. Garcés-Fiallos","doi":"10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the main crops in Latin American and African countries, its almonds being marketed to produce chocolate. However, different biotic factors can negatively affect the crop production, especially on small farms where management by farmers is scarce or nonexistent. Lethal wilt (Ceratocystis cacaofunesta Engelbrecht & Harrington) together with beetle borers (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), continue to be the main problems affecting cocoa. It has been observed that both organisms interact intrinsically inside the trunks of cacao trees. Despite the importance of this interaction, in general, the countless research and review articles carried out to date have focused mainly on studying each biotic factor separately or have been addressed in a general way. Thus, in this review we mainly focus on the interaction between the Lethal wilt and the borer beetles, especially how and which is the insect that transmits the disease in cocoa plants. Additionally, an exhaustive characterization of Xyleborus ferrugineus as a possible vector of C. cacaofunesta in cacao trees has been made. From this review, we can say that Ceratocystis species still need to be fully identified and differentiated, a deeper understanding of the ecology of the scolithid X. ferrugineus, to study the interaction between C. cacaofunesta and vectors from the host response and generate new studies, and the chemical ecology of the fungus-vector-tree still needs to be understood.","PeriodicalId":21642,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agropecuaria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41895152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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