Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.443-450
Yusuf Mathiinul Hakim, M. Khakim, Amatullah Hanifah, R. Mohadi
The original Sumatera Bentonite (SB), which has been impregnated to be ammonium bentonite (NH-B), was applied as a cassava wastewater coagulant. The modification was conducted using multi-step impregnation initiated by bentonite activation (sodium cation exchange), followed by ammonium impregnation. The optimization parameter focused on the coagulant dose that was used. The result of cassava wastewater coagulation by the ammonium-impregnated bentonite (with dose: 0.4 g/100 mL) shows high-efficiency reduction for turbidity up to 73.97% (from 1099 to 186 NTU), Total Suspended Solid up to 86.56% (from 588 to 79 mg/L), and Chemical Oxygen Demand up to 88.6% (from 559.7 to 63.3 mg/L). The existence of ammonium impregnated is characterized by X-Ray Diffraction analysis based on 2theta shifting at 10° and Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis at 464, 521, and 1429 cm−1 as ammonium binding.
{"title":"Optimization of Sumatera Bentonite by Ammonium-impregnated as a Coagulant for Cassava Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Yusuf Mathiinul Hakim, M. Khakim, Amatullah Hanifah, R. Mohadi","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.443-450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.443-450","url":null,"abstract":"The original Sumatera Bentonite (SB), which has been impregnated to be ammonium bentonite (NH-B), was applied as a cassava wastewater coagulant. The modification was conducted using multi-step impregnation initiated by bentonite activation (sodium cation exchange), followed by ammonium impregnation. The optimization parameter focused on the coagulant dose that was used. The result of cassava wastewater coagulation by the ammonium-impregnated bentonite (with dose: 0.4 g/100 mL) shows high-efficiency reduction for turbidity up to 73.97% (from 1099 to 186 NTU), Total Suspended Solid up to 86.56% (from 588 to 79 mg/L), and Chemical Oxygen Demand up to 88.6% (from 559.7 to 63.3 mg/L). The existence of ammonium impregnated is characterized by X-Ray Diffraction analysis based on 2theta shifting at 10° and Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis at 464, 521, and 1429 cm−1 as ammonium binding.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49241496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.461-470
N. Palapa, A. Wijaya, N. Ahmad, Amri Amri, R. Mohadi, A. Lesbani
Hydrothermal carbonization is recognized as a method of processing biomass into carbon-rich products due to its energy-saving and environmental-friendly advantages. In this study, two types of hydrochar were prepared from Longan Fruit (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Peel via hydrothermal carbonization at temperatures of 190°C and 250°C and activated using NaOH (HC-ACT 190 and HC-ACT 250) for removal of malachite green (MG) and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes. The maximum capacity for MG dye removal using HC-ACT 190 and HC-ACT 250 materials was 172.414 mg/g and 250 mg/g, while for RhB dye was 111.111 mg/g and 151.515 mg/g, respectively. The optimum pH was obtained at pH 6 for MG and pH 3 for RhB with adsorption equilibrium time occurring at 90 minutes. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics, while the isotherm model was determined by the Langmuir isotherm model. Materials can be reused effectively for at least 3 cycles with an adsorption percentage of MG dye removal using HC-ACT 190 and HC-ACT 250 materials was 69.91% and 83.15% respectively, while for RhB dye was 35.79% and 55.6% respectively. The material is more selective on MG dye compared to RhB dye based on the selectivity test on the adsorption of the dye mixture.
{"title":"Activated Hydrochar Prepared from Longan Fruit (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Peel via Hydrothermal Carbonization-NaOH Activation for Cationic Dyes Removal","authors":"N. Palapa, A. Wijaya, N. Ahmad, Amri Amri, R. Mohadi, A. Lesbani","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.461-470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.461-470","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal carbonization is recognized as a method of processing biomass into carbon-rich products due to its energy-saving and environmental-friendly advantages. In this study, two types of hydrochar were prepared from Longan Fruit (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Peel via hydrothermal carbonization at temperatures of 190°C and 250°C and activated using NaOH (HC-ACT 190 and HC-ACT 250) for removal of malachite green (MG) and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes. The maximum capacity for MG dye removal using HC-ACT 190 and HC-ACT 250 materials was 172.414 mg/g and 250 mg/g, while for RhB dye was 111.111 mg/g and 151.515 mg/g, respectively. The optimum pH was obtained at pH 6 for MG and pH 3 for RhB with adsorption equilibrium time occurring at 90 minutes. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics, while the isotherm model was determined by the Langmuir isotherm model. Materials can be reused effectively for at least 3 cycles with an adsorption percentage of MG dye removal using HC-ACT 190 and HC-ACT 250 materials was 69.91% and 83.15% respectively, while for RhB dye was 35.79% and 55.6% respectively. The material is more selective on MG dye compared to RhB dye based on the selectivity test on the adsorption of the dye mixture.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49372273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.397-402
Salprima Yudha S, M. Adfa, Swadexi Istiqphara, Muhamad Alvin Reagen
In this work, bismuth silicate-titania has been synthesized in two stages by utilizing bismuth oxynitrate as an elemental source of bismuth, oil palm leaves (OPL) as a source of silica and titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as source of titania (TiO2). In the first stage, bismuth silicate/silica (Bi4Si3O12/SiO2) was formed, which occurs due to the in-situ decomposition of palm leaves and reacts directly with the bismuth precursor at high temperatures (900oC). The reaction could possibly occur through a solid-state reaction mechanism between bismuth oxide and silica or through a more complex mechanism within the reaction mixture. The resulting product then reacts with TTIP, which is added and heated at the same temperature to form Bi4Si3O12/SiO2-TiO2 (bismuth silicate/silica-titania). Characterization of the as-prepared product using X-ray diffraction showed the dominance of bismuth silicate and small amount of titania (TiO2). As a result, TiO2 could not be detected in the diffractogram. Nevertheless, an analysis using energy-dispersive X-rays showed the presence of titanium elements in the resulting composite. The results of this study can be used to develop ternary metal oxides based on natural resources and agricultural wastes, such as oil palm leaves.
{"title":"Bismuth Silicate/Silica-Titania Synthesis from In Situ Decomposition of Oil Palm Leaves as Silica Source","authors":"Salprima Yudha S, M. Adfa, Swadexi Istiqphara, Muhamad Alvin Reagen","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.397-402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.397-402","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, bismuth silicate-titania has been synthesized in two stages by utilizing bismuth oxynitrate as an elemental source of bismuth, oil palm leaves (OPL) as a source of silica and titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as source of titania (TiO2). In the first stage, bismuth silicate/silica (Bi4Si3O12/SiO2) was formed, which occurs due to the in-situ decomposition of palm leaves and reacts directly with the bismuth precursor at high temperatures (900oC). The reaction could possibly occur through a solid-state reaction mechanism between bismuth oxide and silica or through a more complex mechanism within the reaction mixture. The resulting product then reacts with TTIP, which is added and heated at the same temperature to form Bi4Si3O12/SiO2-TiO2 (bismuth silicate/silica-titania). Characterization of the as-prepared product using X-ray diffraction showed the dominance of bismuth silicate and small amount of titania (TiO2). As a result, TiO2 could not be detected in the diffractogram. Nevertheless, an analysis using energy-dispersive X-rays showed the presence of titanium elements in the resulting composite. The results of this study can be used to develop ternary metal oxides based on natural resources and agricultural wastes, such as oil palm leaves.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44364614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.367-372
A. Marpaung, Dania Pustikarini
This study aimed to investigate the effect of six chloride salts on butterfly pea flower extract’s anthocyanins stability. The salts were NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, FeCl3, and AlCl3. The samples were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to observe color degradation and change in hue during storage. The extraction of anthocyanins was done using a modified method, and the solutions were stored in dark vials at room temperature. The degradation kinetics of benzene derivatives, acyl groups, non-anthocyanin flavonoid, flavylium cation, quinonoidal base and anionic quinonoidal base were evaluated using the first-order reaction, and the half-life was calculated. The effect of metal ions was studied by analyzing the change in absorbance of each band using regression analysis and a slope test. The results showed that monovalent (Na+ and K+) and divalent (Ca2+ and Mg2+) ions did not result in a significant shift in the spectrogram. Trivalent metal ions (Al3+ and Fe3+) had limited interaction with the anthocyanins, heightened the brown color, and decreased the overall color quality. K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ ions showed the ability to improve the stability of the extract’s color, while Na+ tended to accelerate color degradation. The pattern of changes in the spectrogram during storage suggests that color degradation occurs in two ways: the unfolding of hydrophobic interactions and the deacylation of anthocyanin. Trivalent metal ions showed the best stability performance, with Fe3+ preventing the unfolding of hydrophobic interactions and Al3+ hindering the deacylation. The combination of the two is highly likely to improve the color stability of the butterfly pea flower extract. However, both increase the browning index, thus decreasing color quality. This research highlights the potential of adding cations to improve the color stability of the butterfly pea flower extract, making it a more attractive food coloring agent.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Change of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Flower Extract in Various Metal Ion Solutions During Storage","authors":"A. Marpaung, Dania Pustikarini","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.367-372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.367-372","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of six chloride salts on butterfly pea flower extract’s anthocyanins stability. The salts were NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, FeCl3, and AlCl3. The samples were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to observe color degradation and change in hue during storage. The extraction of anthocyanins was done using a modified method, and the solutions were stored in dark vials at room temperature. The degradation kinetics of benzene derivatives, acyl groups, non-anthocyanin flavonoid, flavylium cation, quinonoidal base and anionic quinonoidal base were evaluated using the first-order reaction, and the half-life was calculated. The effect of metal ions was studied by analyzing the change in absorbance of each band using regression analysis and a slope test. The results showed that monovalent (Na+ and K+) and divalent (Ca2+ and Mg2+) ions did not result in a significant shift in the spectrogram. Trivalent metal ions (Al3+ and Fe3+) had limited interaction with the anthocyanins, heightened the brown color, and decreased the overall color quality. K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ ions showed the ability to improve the stability of the extract’s color, while Na+ tended to accelerate color degradation. The pattern of changes in the spectrogram during storage suggests that color degradation occurs in two ways: the unfolding of hydrophobic interactions and the deacylation of anthocyanin. Trivalent metal ions showed the best stability performance, with Fe3+ preventing the unfolding of hydrophobic interactions and Al3+ hindering the deacylation. The combination of the two is highly likely to improve the color stability of the butterfly pea flower extract. However, both increase the browning index, thus decreasing color quality. This research highlights the potential of adding cations to improve the color stability of the butterfly pea flower extract, making it a more attractive food coloring agent.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43402258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.479-485
D. E. Wijayanti, N. Hidayat, D. Indriati, A. Alghofari, S. Slamin
Let H= (T,S), be a finite simple graph, T(H)= T and S(H)= S, respectively, are the sets of vertices and edges on H. Let σ:T∪S→1,2,· · · ,k, be a total k-labeling on H and wσ(x), be a weight of x∈T while using σ labeling, which is evaluated based on the total number of all vertices labels in the neighborhood x and its incident edges. If every x∈T has a different weight, then σ is a distance vertex irregular total k-labeling (DVITL). Total distance vertex irregularity strength of H (tdis(H) is defined as the least k for which H has a DVITL. Our research investigates the DVITL of the path (Pr) and cycle (Cr) graphs. We establish a lower bound and then calculate the precise value of tdis(Pr) and tdis(Cr).
{"title":"On Distance Vertex Irregular Total k-Labeling","authors":"D. E. Wijayanti, N. Hidayat, D. Indriati, A. Alghofari, S. Slamin","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.479-485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.479-485","url":null,"abstract":"Let H= (T,S), be a finite simple graph, T(H)= T and S(H)= S, respectively, are the sets of vertices and edges on H. Let σ:T∪S→1,2,· · · ,k, be a total k-labeling on H and wσ(x), be a weight of x∈T while using σ labeling, which is evaluated based on the total number of all vertices labels in the neighborhood x and its incident edges. If every x∈T has a different weight, then σ is a distance vertex irregular total k-labeling (DVITL). Total distance vertex irregularity strength of H (tdis(H) is defined as the least k for which H has a DVITL. Our research investigates the DVITL of the path (Pr) and cycle (Cr) graphs. We establish a lower bound and then calculate the precise value of tdis(Pr) and tdis(Cr).","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46007157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.373-381
A. Fatoni, A. Rendowati, Lasmaryna Sirumapea, Lidya Miranti, Siti Masitoh, N. Hidayati
The film of chitosan- ZnO/CuO nanoparticles was synthesized. This study were the synthesis and characterization of the chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film and its effect as an antibacterial of Escherichia coli. The ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO were biosynthesized by biological method and for the synthesis of the chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film, the casting method was adopted. The product was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. The product of chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film as paper disk and agar disk diffusion method was selected to study an antibacterial agent of this product. The Zn-O or Cu-O group was observed at a peak between 468-675 cm−1 for ZnO and 503 and 619 cm−1 for CuO nanoparticles, respectively. ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles are in the crystalline form and it has a crystallite size of 13.21, 13.21, and 11.49 nm respectively. After interacting with chitosan, the metal nanoparticles such as ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles can change the crystalline form of chitosan to be amorphous form. The addition of ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles in the chitosan will change the surface morphology of chitosan. Chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization of Chitosan-ZnO/CuO Nanoparticles Film, and its Effect as an Antibacterial Agent of Escherichia coli","authors":"A. Fatoni, A. Rendowati, Lasmaryna Sirumapea, Lidya Miranti, Siti Masitoh, N. Hidayati","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.373-381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.373-381","url":null,"abstract":"The film of chitosan- ZnO/CuO nanoparticles was synthesized. This study were the synthesis and characterization of the chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film and its effect as an antibacterial of Escherichia coli. The ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO were biosynthesized by biological method and for the synthesis of the chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film, the casting method was adopted. The product was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. The product of chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film as paper disk and agar disk diffusion method was selected to study an antibacterial agent of this product. The Zn-O or Cu-O group was observed at a peak between 468-675 cm−1 for ZnO and 503 and 619 cm−1 for CuO nanoparticles, respectively. ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles are in the crystalline form and it has a crystallite size of 13.21, 13.21, and 11.49 nm respectively. After interacting with chitosan, the metal nanoparticles such as ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles can change the crystalline form of chitosan to be amorphous form. The addition of ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles in the chitosan will change the surface morphology of chitosan. Chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44946729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.486-493
Wisaeni Intannia, Charlena Charlena, I. Suparto
Toothpaste is a preparation for dental treatment to clean, beautify, and replace minerals that decay from the surface of the teeth. Prevention of damage to the mineral layer of the teeth, the addition of remineralizing agents to toothpaste preparations in the form of hydroxyapatite-ZnO composites is carried out. This study aims to synthesize and characterize hydroxyapatite-ZnO, as well as to formulate hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste from rice field conch shell waste. Hydroxyapatite-ZnO composites have been successfully synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). The XRD result obtained a crystal size of 59.90 nm with a crystallinity percentage of 68.85%. The absorption band at a wave number of 452 cm−1 is an indication that the ZnO compound has been successfully combined with hydroxyapatite. SEM-EDX analysis showed that the morphology of the compound was granular with a rough surface, uneven size, and shape. The results of the hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste formulation in the 45% formula had good physical stability compared to other formulas. The antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste preparations showed a very strong inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The results of the hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste formulation in the 45% formula had good physical stability compared to other formulas. The antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste preparations showed a very strong inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The results of the hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste formulation in the 45% formula had good physical stability compared to other formulas. The antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste preparations showed a very strong inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans bacteria.
{"title":"Hydroxyapatite-ZnO Biomimetic Toothpaste Formulation from Rice Snail Shell Waste","authors":"Wisaeni Intannia, Charlena Charlena, I. Suparto","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.486-493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.486-493","url":null,"abstract":"Toothpaste is a preparation for dental treatment to clean, beautify, and replace minerals that decay from the surface of the teeth. Prevention of damage to the mineral layer of the teeth, the addition of remineralizing agents to toothpaste preparations in the form of hydroxyapatite-ZnO composites is carried out. This study aims to synthesize and characterize hydroxyapatite-ZnO, as well as to formulate hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste from rice field conch shell waste. Hydroxyapatite-ZnO composites have been successfully synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). The XRD result obtained a crystal size of 59.90 nm with a crystallinity percentage of 68.85%. The absorption band at a wave number of 452 cm−1 is an indication that the ZnO compound has been successfully combined with hydroxyapatite. SEM-EDX analysis showed that the morphology of the compound was granular with a rough surface, uneven size, and shape. The results of the hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste formulation in the 45% formula had good physical stability compared to other formulas. The antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste preparations showed a very strong inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The results of the hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste formulation in the 45% formula had good physical stability compared to other formulas. The antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste preparations showed a very strong inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The results of the hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste formulation in the 45% formula had good physical stability compared to other formulas. The antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite-ZnO toothpaste preparations showed a very strong inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans bacteria.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41337525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.509-515
Elna Putri, Ellya Indahyanti, Diah Mardiana, Maria L A D Lestari, Z. Ningsih
Curcumin has various bio-functional properties; however, curcumin poor bioavailability reduces its efficacy. Nanoemulsion delivery system is an alternative method improving curcumin bioavailability in which surfactant and oil used, play an important role in determining nanoemulsion properties. Several studies on curcumin nanoemulsions apply synthetic surfactants which can be harmful if they are added excessively. This study aims to use a natural emulsifying agent, namely okra mucilage extract (OME), and determine its effectiveness as co surfactant. OME is safe to use as an emulsifying agent because it is natural, harmless, safe, biodegradable and eco-friendly. Liquid-liquid and microwave extraction methods were used to obtain OME which was further identified using Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Meanwhile, sonication method was used to produce curcumin nano-emulsion (CurN). The particle size and polydispersity index of curcumin nano-emulsion were measured using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique, while the morphology of the nanoemulsion was observed using a Digital Imaging Microscope and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). The results showed that the addition of 0.0160 g OME at a ratio of 1:5 (OME: Tween 80) in the preparation of 5 mL of CurN was able to reduce the particle size and polydispersity index from 740.80 ± 9.70 nm to 289.20 ± 2.23 and 0.340 ± 0.005 to 0.165 ± 0.008 respectively. OME increased the encapsulation efficiency from 77.93 ± 6.59% to 87.17 ± 1.12% which was confirmed by the augmentation of the fluorescence intensity of curcumin from 192.82 to 388.55. The addition of OME also maintained the stability of the CurN up to 14 days of storage at 4°C.
姜黄素具有多种生物功能特性;然而，姜黄素的生物利用度较差，降低了其疗效。纳米乳给药系统是提高姜黄素生物利用度的一种替代方法，其中表面活性剂和油的使用是决定纳米乳性能的重要因素。一些姜黄素纳米乳的研究使用了人工合成的表面活性剂，如果添加过量，可能会对姜黄素纳米乳有害。本研究以天然乳化剂秋葵胶提取物(OME)为研究对象，考察其作为表面活性剂的有效性。OME具有天然、无害、安全、可生物降解、生态友好等特点，是安全的乳化剂。采用液-液萃取法和微波萃取法得到OME，并利用傅里叶转移红外光谱(FTIR)对OME进行鉴定。同时，采用超声法制备姜黄素纳米乳。采用粒径分析仪(PSA)和动态光散射(DLS)技术测定了姜黄素纳米乳的粒径和多分散性指数，并用数字成像显微镜和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)观察了纳米乳的形貌。结果表明，在制备5 mL的CurN时，以1:5的比例加入0.0160 g OME (OME: Tween 80)，可使其粒径从740.80±9.70 nm降至289.20±2.23 nm，多分散性指数从0.340±0.005降至0.165±0.008 nm。通过姜黄素的荧光强度从192.82增强到388.55，证实了OME的包封率由77.93±6.59%提高到87.17±1.12%。在4°C下，添加OME还可以保持CurN的稳定性长达14天。
{"title":"Okra Mucilage Extract as A Co-Surfactant Increased the Curcumin Nanoemulsion Stability and Encapsulation Efficiency","authors":"Elna Putri, Ellya Indahyanti, Diah Mardiana, Maria L A D Lestari, Z. Ningsih","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.509-515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.3.509-515","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin has various bio-functional properties; however, curcumin poor bioavailability reduces its efficacy. Nanoemulsion delivery system is an alternative method improving curcumin bioavailability in which surfactant and oil used, play an important role in determining nanoemulsion properties. Several studies on curcumin nanoemulsions apply synthetic surfactants which can be harmful if they are added excessively. This study aims to use a natural emulsifying agent, namely okra mucilage extract (OME), and determine its effectiveness as co surfactant. OME is safe to use as an emulsifying agent because it is natural, harmless, safe, biodegradable and eco-friendly. Liquid-liquid and microwave extraction methods were used to obtain OME which was further identified using Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Meanwhile, sonication method was used to produce curcumin nano-emulsion (CurN). The particle size and polydispersity index of curcumin nano-emulsion were measured using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique, while the morphology of the nanoemulsion was observed using a Digital Imaging Microscope and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). The results showed that the addition of 0.0160 g OME at a ratio of 1:5 (OME: Tween 80) in the preparation of 5 mL of CurN was able to reduce the particle size and polydispersity index from 740.80 ± 9.70 nm to 289.20 ± 2.23 and 0.340 ± 0.005 to 0.165 ± 0.008 respectively. OME increased the encapsulation efficiency from 77.93 ± 6.59% to 87.17 ± 1.12% which was confirmed by the augmentation of the fluorescence intensity of curcumin from 192.82 to 388.55. The addition of OME also maintained the stability of the CurN up to 14 days of storage at 4°C.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47620221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.2.288-297
Y. Resti, C. Irsan, Jeremy Firdaus Latif, I. Yani, Novi Rustiana Dewi
Control of diseases and pests of maize plants is a significant challenge to ensure global food security, self-sufficiency, and sustainable agriculture. Classification or early detection of diseases and pests of corn plants is intended to assist the control process. Random forest is a classification model in tree-based statistical learning in making decisions. This approach is an ensemble method that generates many decision trees and makes classification decisions based on the majority of trees selecting the same class. However, tree-based methods are often unstable when small changes or disturbances exist in the learning data. Such instability can produce significant variances and affect model performance. This study classifies diseases and pests of the corn plant using a random forest method based on bootstrap-aggregating. It fits multiple models of a single random forest, then combines the predictions from all models and determines the final result using majority voting. The results showed that the bootstrap aggregating could improve the classification of diseases and pests of maize using a random forest if the number of trees is optimal.
{"title":"A Bootstrap-Aggregating in Random Forest Model for Classification of Corn Plant Diseases and Pests","authors":"Y. Resti, C. Irsan, Jeremy Firdaus Latif, I. Yani, Novi Rustiana Dewi","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.2.288-297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.2.288-297","url":null,"abstract":"Control of diseases and pests of maize plants is a significant challenge to ensure global food security, self-sufficiency, and sustainable agriculture. Classification or early detection of diseases and pests of corn plants is intended to assist the control process. Random forest is a classification model in tree-based statistical learning in making decisions. This approach is an ensemble method that generates many decision trees and makes classification decisions based on the majority of trees selecting the same class. However, tree-based methods are often unstable when small changes or disturbances exist in the learning data. Such instability can produce significant variances and affect model performance. This study classifies diseases and pests of the corn plant using a random forest method based on bootstrap-aggregating. It fits multiple models of a single random forest, then combines the predictions from all models and determines the final result using majority voting. The results showed that the bootstrap aggregating could improve the classification of diseases and pests of maize using a random forest if the number of trees is optimal.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43973739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.26554/sti.2023.8.2.312-320
M. Mardiyanto, Budi Untari, A. Mara, Nauval Hady Prasetyo
Azithromycin is a narrow-spectrum bacterial growth inhibitory antibiotic derived from macrolides with low dissolution in water. Several methods have been carried out to increase the dissolution of medicinal substances, one of which is solid dispersion. Solid dispersions are mixtures consisting of one or more active substances in an inert carrier. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of formatting solid dispersions with PEG 6000 polymer and stearic acid on increasing the dissolution rate of azithromycin. The method of formatting solid dispersions uses the co-grinding method. Solid dispersion of azithromycin was prepared in four formulas with variations in the amount of PEG 6000. Tests carried out on solid dispersion samples of azithromycin were XRD, FTIR, SEM, solubility tests, and dissolution tests. Test results on azithromycin solid dispersions prepared by co-grinding showed that there was an effect of the amount of PEG 6000 on decreasing the intensity of azithromycin crystals, there was no chemical interaction between azithromycin and the carrier, differences in the morphology of pure azithromycin powder and solid dispersions, and an increase in the dissolution of solid dispersions in medium SIF.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Azithromycin Dihydrate Solid Dispersion with Esther of Polyethylene Glycol-6000 and Stearic Acid Using A Co-Grinding Technique","authors":"M. Mardiyanto, Budi Untari, A. Mara, Nauval Hady Prasetyo","doi":"10.26554/sti.2023.8.2.312-320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.2.312-320","url":null,"abstract":"Azithromycin is a narrow-spectrum bacterial growth inhibitory antibiotic derived from macrolides with low dissolution in water. Several methods have been carried out to increase the dissolution of medicinal substances, one of which is solid dispersion. Solid dispersions are mixtures consisting of one or more active substances in an inert carrier. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of formatting solid dispersions with PEG 6000 polymer and stearic acid on increasing the dissolution rate of azithromycin. The method of formatting solid dispersions uses the co-grinding method. Solid dispersion of azithromycin was prepared in four formulas with variations in the amount of PEG 6000. Tests carried out on solid dispersion samples of azithromycin were XRD, FTIR, SEM, solubility tests, and dissolution tests. Test results on azithromycin solid dispersions prepared by co-grinding showed that there was an effect of the amount of PEG 6000 on decreasing the intensity of azithromycin crystals, there was no chemical interaction between azithromycin and the carrier, differences in the morphology of pure azithromycin powder and solid dispersions, and an increase in the dissolution of solid dispersions in medium SIF.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44159390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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