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Impacts of land surface darkening on frozen ground and ecosystems over the Tibetan Plateau 地表暗化对青藏高原冻土和生态系统的影响
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1363-3
Shuchang Tang, Tao Wang, Dan Liu, Tandong Yao, Shilong Piao

Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as the “Third Pole” of the Earth. Any changes in land surface processes on the TP can have an unneglectable impact on regional and global climate. With the warming and wetting climate, the land surface of the TP saw a darkening trend featured by decreasing surface albedo over the past decades, primarily due to the melting of glaciers, snow, and greening vegetation. Recent studies have investigated the effects of the TP land surface darkening on the field of climate, but these assessments only address one aspect of the feedback loop. How do these darkening-induced climate changes affect the frozen ground and ecosystems on the TP? In this study, we investigated the impact of TP land surface darkening on regional frozen ground and ecosystems using the state-of-the-art land surface model ORCHIDEE-MICT. Our model results show that darkening-induced climate changes on the TP will lead to a reduction in the area of regional frozen ground by 1.1×104±0.019×104 km2, a deepening of the regional permafrost active layer by 0.06±0.0004 m, and a decrease in the maximum freezing depth of regional seasonal frozen ground by 0.06±0.0016 m compared to the scenario without TP land surface darkening. Furthermore, the darkening-induced climate change on the TP will result in an increase in the regional leaf area index and an enhancement in the regional gross primary productivity, ultimately leading to an increase in regional terrestrial carbon stock by 0.81±0.001 PgC. This study addresses the remaining piece of the puzzle in the feedback loop of TP land surface darkening, and improves our understanding of interactions across multiple spheres on the TP. The exacerbated regional permafrost degradation and increasing regional terrestrial carbon stock induced by TP land surface darkening should be considered in the development of national ecological security barrier.

青藏高原(TP)被称为地球的 "第三极"。青藏高原地表过程的任何变化都会对区域和全球气候产生不可忽视的影响。随着气候变暖和湿润,过去几十年来,主要由于冰川融化、积雪和植被变绿,青藏高原陆地表面呈现出地表反照率下降的暗化趋势。最近的研究调查了大陆架地表变暗对气候领域的影响,但这些评估只涉及反馈环路的一个方面。这些变暗引起的气候变化如何影响大洋洲陆地的冻土和生态系统?在这项研究中,我们利用最先进的陆表模式 ORCHIDEE-MICT 研究了大陆架地表变暗对区域冻土和生态系统的影响。我们的模型结果表明,与没有TP地表暗化的情景相比,TP地表暗化引起的气候变化将导致区域冻土面积减少1.1×104±0.019×104 km2,区域冻土活动层加深0.06±0.0004 m,区域季节性冻土最大冻结深度减少0.06±0.0016 m。此外,TP 地表变暗引起的气候变化将导致区域叶面积指数增加,区域总初级生产力提高,最终导致区域陆地碳储量增加 0.81±0.001 PgC。这项研究解决了陆地表层变黑反馈环路中剩下的难题,并加深了我们对陆地表层多领域相互作用的理解。在制定国家生态安全屏障时,应考虑到TP地表暗化引起的区域永久冻土退化加剧和区域陆地碳储量增加。
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引用次数: 0
First wetland mapping at 10-m spatial resolution in South America using multi-source and multi-feature remote sensing data 利用多源多特征遥感数据首次在南美洲绘制空间分辨率为 10 米的湿地地图
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1366-8
Weiwei Sun, Gang Yang, Yuling Huang, Dehua Mao, Ke Huang, Lin Zhu, Xiangchao Meng, Tian Feng, Chao Chen, Yong Ge

Wetland degradation has been accelerating in recent years globally. Accurate information on the geographic distribution and categories of wetlands is essential for their conservation and management. Despite being the world’s fourth largest continent, South America has limited research on wetland mapping, and there is currently no available map that provides comprehensive information on wetland distribution and categories in the region. To address this issue, we used Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and SRTM data, developed a sample collection method and a wetland mapping method with a collection of multi-source features such as optical features, polarization features and shape features for South American wetlands. We produced a 10-m resolution wetland map based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Our Level-1 wetland cover map accurately captured six wetland sub-categories with an overall accuracy of 96.24% and a kappa coefficient of 0.8649, while our Level-2 water cover map included five sub-categories with an overall accuracy of 97.23% and a kappa coefficient of 0.9368. The results show that the total area of existing wetlands in South America is approximately 1,737,000 km2, which is 6.8% of the total land area. Among the ten wetland categories, shallow sea had the largest area (960,527.4 km2), while aquaculture ponds had the smallest area 1513.6 km2. Swamp had the second largest area (306,240.1 km2). Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Colombia were found to have the largest wetland areas, with Brazil and Colombia having the most diverse wetland categories. This product can serve as baseline data for subsequent monitoring, management, and conservation of South American wetlands.

近年来,全球湿地退化的速度不断加快。有关湿地地理分布和类别的准确信息对于湿地的保护和管理至关重要。尽管南美洲是世界第四大洲,但对湿地地图绘制的研究却很有限,目前还没有一张地图能提供该地区湿地分布和类别的全面信息。为解决这一问题,我们利用哨兵-1、哨兵-2 和 SRTM 数据,开发了一种样本采集方法和一种湿地绘图方法,并收集了南美洲湿地的光学特征、偏振特征和形状特征等多源特征。我们基于谷歌地球引擎(GEE)平台制作了 10 米分辨率的湿地地图。我们的一级湿地覆盖图准确捕获了六个湿地子类别,总体准确率为 96.24%,卡帕系数为 0.8649;二级水覆盖图包括五个子类别,总体准确率为 97.23%,卡帕系数为 0.9368。结果显示,南美洲现有湿地总面积约为 173.7 万平方公里,占陆地总面积的 6.8%。在十类湿地中,浅海的面积最大(960527.4 平方公里),而水产养殖池塘的面积最小,为 1513.6 平方公里。沼泽的面积位居第二(306240.1 平方公里)。巴西、阿根廷、委内瑞拉、玻利维亚和哥伦比亚的湿地面积最大,其中巴西和哥伦比亚的湿地类别最为多样。该产品可作为后续监测、管理和保护南美湿地的基准数据。
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引用次数: 0
Retrieval of high spatial resolution mountainous land surface temperature considering topographic and adjacency effects 考虑地形和毗邻效应的高空间分辨率山地地表温度检索
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1398-2
Zhiwei He, Bohui Tang, Zhaoliang Li

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter reflecting the interaction between land and atmosphere. Currently, thermal infrared (TIR) quantitative remote sensing technology is the only means to obtain large-scale, high spatial resolution LST. Accurately retrieving high spatial resolution mountainous LST (MLST) plays an important role in the study of mountain climate change. The complex terrain and strong spatial heterogeneity in mountainous areas change the geometric relationship between the surface and satellite sensors, affecting the radiation received by the sensors, and rendering the assumption of planar parallelism invalid. In this study, considering the influence of complex terrain in mountainous areas on atmospheric downward radiation and the thermal radiation contribution of adjacent pixels, a mountainous TIR radiative transfer model based on the sky view factor was developed. Combining with the atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN 5.2, a nonlinear generalized split-window algorithm suitable for high spatial resolution MLST retrieval was constructed and applied to Landsat-9 TIRS-2 satellite TIR remote sensing data. The analysis results indicate that neglecting the topographic and adjacency effects would lead to significant discrepancies in LST retrieval, with simulated data showing LST differences of up to 2.5 K. Furthermore, due to the lack of measured MLST in the field, the MLST accuracy obtained by this retrieval method was indirectly validated using the currently recognized highest-accuracy forward 3D radiative transfer model DART. The MLST and emissivity were input into the DART model to simulate the brightness temperature at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) of Landsat-9 band 10, and compared with the brightness temperature at TOA of Landsat-9 band 10. The RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) for the two subregions was 0.50 and 0.61 K, respectively, indicating that the method proposed can retrieve high-precision MLST.

陆地表面温度(LST)是反映陆地与大气相互作用的一个关键参数。目前,热红外定量遥感技术是获取大尺度、高空间分辨率 LST 的唯一手段。准确获取高空间分辨率的山区 LST(MLST)对研究山区气候变化具有重要作用。山区复杂的地形和强烈的空间异质性改变了地表和卫星传感器之间的几何关系,影响了传感器接收的辐射,使平面平行假设失效。本研究考虑到山区复杂地形对大气向下辐射和相邻像素热辐射贡献的影响,建立了基于天空视角因子的山区 TIR 辐射传递模型。结合大气辐射传输模型 MODTRAN 5.2,构建了适用于高空间分辨率 MLST 检索的非线性广义分窗算法,并将其应用于 Landsat-9 TIRS-2 卫星 TIR 遥感数据。分析结果表明,忽略地形和邻近效应会导致 LST 检 测结果存在显著差异,模拟数据显示 LST 差异高达 2.5 K。此外,由于缺乏实地测量的 MLST,因此使用目前公认精度最高的前向三维辐射传递模型 DART 间接验证了该检索方法获得的 MLST 精度。将 MLST 和发射率输入 DART 模型,模拟 Landsat-9 波段 10 的大气顶部(TOA)亮度温度,并与 Landsat-9 波段 10 的大气顶部亮度温度进行比较。两个子区域的 RMSE(均方根误差)分别为 0.50 和 0.61 K,表明所提出的方法可以获取高精度的 MLST。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial-temporal patterns and evolution of carbon storage in China’s terrestrial ecosystems from 1980 to 2020 1980-2020年中国陆地生态系统碳储存的时空格局及其演变
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1385-9
Shaojian Wang, Shijie Zhou, Chuanglin Fang

Analyzing the changes in carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems caused by land use changes is a crucial part of exploring the carbon cycle. In addition, enhancing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems is an effective and environmentally friendly measure to sequester anthropogenic carbon emissions, which is significant for achieving carbon neutrality and curbing global climate change. This paper uses land use data and carbon density tables with the InVEST model to obtain a carbon storage distribution map of China. It further applies land use response elasticity coefficients, Theil index multi-stage nested decomposition, and spatial autocorrelation analysis to examine the spatial-temporal patterns, causes of changes, and evolution characteristics of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems from 1980 to 2020. The results show that the temporal changes in China’s carbon storage generally present an inverted S-curve, with an initial rapid decline followed by a slower decrease. Spatially, it features high levels in the northeast, low levels in the northwest, and a uniform distribution in the central and southern regions. The disturbance of land use type changes on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage has been effectively mitigated. The significant reduction in grassland area in the Southwest region is the main source of carbon storage loss during the study period, and the encroachment of construction land on arable land in large urban agglomerations is one of the important causes of carbon storage loss. The Theil index multi-stage nested decomposition results indicate that the overall difference in carbon storage in China has decreased, while differences among cities within provinces and among counties within cities have increased. The influence of natural factors on the distribution of carbon storage is weakening, whereas the impact of human activities is becoming more profound, enhancing its influence on the spatial distribution of carbon storage in China. From 1980 to 2000, the carbon density in coastal metropolises generally showed a declining trend. From 2000 to 2020, the carbon density in the central urban areas of eastern coastal city clusters gradually showed an upward trend and continued to expand outward, revealing to some extent the “Environmental Kuznets Curve” characteristic in the development process of urban carbon storage. Therefore, in future ecological construction, the government should fully consider the impact of land management planning on carbon storage in different regions, promote the efficient use and standardized management of land, and strive to cross the “Environmental Kuznets Curve” inflection point of carbon storage as soon as possible.

分析土地利用变化引起的陆地生态系统碳储存的变化是探索碳循环的重要组成部分。此外,提高陆地生态系统的碳储量是封存人为碳排放的有效环保措施,对实现碳中和和遏制全球气候变化意义重大。本文利用土地利用数据和碳密度表,结合 InVEST 模型,得到了中国碳储量分布图。进一步运用土地利用响应弹性系数、Theil 指数多级嵌套分解和空间自相关分析方法,研究了 1980-2020 年陆地生态系统碳储量的时空格局、变化原因和演化特征。结果表明,中国碳储量的时空变化总体上呈现倒 S 型曲线,最初快速下降,随后下降速度放缓。从空间上看,东北地区碳储量高,西北地区碳储量低,中南地区碳储量分布均匀。土地利用类型变化对陆地生态系统碳储存的干扰得到了有效缓解。西南地区草地面积的大幅减少是研究期间碳储量损失的主要来源,大城市群建设用地对耕地的侵占是碳储量损失的重要原因之一。Theil 指数多级嵌套分解结果表明,中国碳储量的总体差异有所减小,而省内城市间和城市内县域间的差异有所增大。自然因素对碳储量分布的影响在减弱,而人类活动的影响在加深,对中国碳储量空间分布的影响在增强。从 1980 年到 2000 年,沿海大都市的碳密度总体呈下降趋势。从 2000 年到 2020 年,东部沿海城市群中心城区的碳密度逐渐呈上升趋势,并继续向外扩展,在一定程度上揭示了城市碳储存发展过程中的 "环境库兹涅茨曲线 "特征。因此,在未来的生态建设中,政府应充分考虑不同区域土地管理规划对碳储量的影响,促进土地的高效利用和规范管理,争取早日跨越碳储量的 "环境库兹涅茨曲线 "拐点。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the mechanisms and potential pathways of soil carbon sequestration from the biogeochemistry perspective 从生物地球化学角度了解土壤固碳的机制和潜在途径
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1359-9
Xiaojuan Feng, Guohua Dai, Ting Liu, Juan Jia, Erxiong Zhu, Chengzhu Liu, Yunpeng Zhao, Ya Wang, Enze Kang, Jun Xiao, Wei Li

Soil carbon sequestration is listed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as one of the key ways to achieve long-term “carbon neutrality” in the context of global warming. Soil carbon sequestration is a complex biogeochemical process that involves plants, microbes, and rock minerals at its core. Yet, its regulation mechanisms and promotion pathways remain unclear. This paper reviews recent progress in the related domestic and international research and provides an overview of the key processes and mechanisms of soil carbon sequestration. The main pathways for enhancing soil carbon sequestration (including plant inputs, mineral protection, microbial transformation, and rock weathering) are summarized. The paper also discusses and synthesizes how advanced biogeochemical methods and technologies may be employed to explore soil carbon sequestration mechanisms and potentials. The overall aim of this review is to improve our understanding of soil carbon sequestration as a nature-based solution to combatting climate change from the biogeochemistry perspective, and to highlight the role of fundamental research in Earth Sciences in helping to achieve China’s carbon neutrality goals.

联合国气候变化框架公约》将土壤固碳列为在全球变暖背景下实现长期 "碳中和 "的关键方法之一。土壤固碳是一个复杂的生物地球化学过程,其核心涉及植物、微生物和岩石矿物。然而,其调节机制和促进途径仍不清楚。本文回顾了国内外相关研究的最新进展,概述了土壤固碳的关键过程和机制。总结了提高土壤固碳的主要途径(包括植物投入、矿物保护、微生物转化和岩石风化)。本文还讨论并总结了如何利用先进的生物地球化学方法和技术来探索土壤固碳机制和潜力。本综述的总体目标是从生物地球化学的角度加深我们对土壤固碳作为应对气候变化的自然解决方案的理解,并强调地球科学基础研究在帮助实现中国碳中和目标中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Application of plant DNA metabarcoding of lake sediments for monitoring vegetation compositions on the Tibetan Plateau 应用湖泊沉积物植物 DNA 代谢标定技术监测青藏高原植被组成
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1358-0
Kai Wu, Kai Li, Weihan Jia, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Ulrike Herzschuh, Jian Ni, Mengna Liao, Fang Tian

Benefiting from the rapid development of environmental DNA (eDNA) technologies, sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) emerges as a promising tool for monitoring plant compositions in remote regions. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), renowned for its harsh environment and numerous ponds and lakes, presents a potentially demanding region for the application of sedDNA on vegetation investigations. Here, we used the g and h universal primers for the P6 loop region of the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron to amplify plant DNA in surface sediments from 59 ponds and small lakes on the southwestern TP. The applicability and limitations of using plant DNA metabarcoding for modern vegetation monitoring and palaeo-vegetation reconstructions have been assessed by comparing sedDNA, pollen, and vegetation survey data. Our results showed that plant DNA metabarcoding recorded 186 terrestrial taxa, of which 30.1% can be identified at the species level. The plant sedDNA approach can effectively disclose the dominant plant taxa (including Asteraceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae) and significant vegetation assemblages in the vicinity of the investigated sites. The number of taxa and taxonomic resolution of plant sedDNA exceeded that of pollen analysis (75 taxa detected, 5.3% can be identified at species level). Unlike pollen that retains a broad spectrum of regional plant signals (including Pinus and Artemisia), plant sedDNA mirrors very local plants, underscoring its utility in local vegetation monitoring and reconstructions. To conclude, plant DNA metabarcoding of (small) lake sediments warrant increased attention in the future for local vegetation monitoring and reconstructions on the TP.

得益于环境 DNA(eDNA)技术的飞速发展,沉积 DNA(sedDNA)成为监测偏远地区植物组成的一种前景广阔的工具。青藏高原(TP)以环境恶劣、池塘湖泊众多而闻名,是应用沉积 DNA 进行植被调查的潜在高要求地区。在此,我们使用叶绿体trnL(UAA)内含子P6环区的g和h通用引物扩增了青藏高原西南部59个池塘和小湖泊表层沉积物中的植物DNA。通过比较沉积物 DNA、花粉和植被调查数据,评估了使用植物 DNA 代谢编码进行现代植被监测和古植被重建的适用性和局限性。结果表明,植物 DNA 元标定记录了 186 个陆生类群,其中 30.1%可在物种水平上进行鉴定。植物沉积 DNA 方法可有效揭示调查地点附近的主要植物类群(包括菊科、鹅掌楸科和罂粟科)和重要植被组合。植物沉积 DNA 的类群数量和分类分辨率都超过了花粉分析(检测到 75 个类群,5.3% 可确定物种级别)。花粉保留了广泛的区域性植物信号(包括松树和蒿草),而植物沉积 DNA 则不同,它反映了非常局部的植物,突出了其在局部植被监测和重建中的实用性。总之,(小型)湖泊沉积物中的植物 DNA 代谢标定值得在未来进一步关注,以用于对当地植被进行监测和重建。
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引用次数: 0
Resolving controversies surrounding carbon sinks from carbonate weathering 解决有关碳酸盐风化碳汇的争议
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1391-0
Xiaoyong Bai, Sirui Zhang, Pete Smith, Chaojun Li, Lian Xiong, Chaochao Du, Yingying Xue, Zilin Li, Mingkang Long, Minghui Li, Xiaoyun Zhang, Shu Yang, Qing Luo, Xiaoqian Shen

The importance of carbonate weathering carbon sinks (CCSs) is almost equal to that of vegetation photosynthesis in the global carbon cycle. However, CCSs have become controversial in formulating carbon neutral policies to deal with global climate problems in various countries, since the carbonate dissolution is reversible. In order to address these controversies, we reviewed recent advances in understanding CCSs and examined the outstanding controversies surrounding them. We have analyzed the five controversies, revealing the existence of CCSs, quantifying their magnitude, clarifying their spatiotemporal pattern, and documenting how they have increased and how they evolved under the background of global change. By addressing these five controversies, we help to bring clarity to the role of CCSs in the carbon cycle of global terrestrial ecosystems.

碳酸盐风化碳汇(CCSs)在全球碳循环中的重要性几乎等同于植被光合作用。然而,由于碳酸盐溶解是可逆的,碳捕集与封存在各国制定碳中和政策以应对全球气候问题时引起了争议。为了解决这些争议,我们回顾了最近在理解 CCS 方面取得的进展,并研究了围绕 CCS 的突出争议。我们分析了这五大争议,揭示了碳捕集与封存的存在,量化了其规模,阐明了其时空模式,并记录了碳捕集与封存在全球变化背景下的增加和演变过程。通过解决这五个争议,我们有助于澄清碳捕获和储存在全球陆地生态系统碳循环中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Response of global agricultural productivity anomalies to drought stress in irrigated and rainfed agriculture 全球农业生产力异常对灌溉和雨水灌溉农业干旱压力的响应
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1328-2
Xinxin Chen, Lunche Wang, Qian Cao, Jia Sun, Zigeng Niu, Liu Yang, Weixia Jiang

The response of agricultural productivity anomalies to drought stress plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle within terrestrial ecosystems and in ensuring food security. However, detailed analysis of how global agricultural productivity anomalies response to drought stress, particularly within irrigated and rainfed agricultural systems, remains insufficient. In this study, the impact of drought stress on agricultural productivity anomalies during the growing season (zcNDVIS), across both irrigated and rainfed agriculture, were analyzed using a suite of hydro-climatic variables. Specifically, the investigation utilized the multi-scalar Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Meanwhile, the relationships between hydroclimatic variables and zcNDVIS were analyzed at one, two, three and four months before the ending of growing season (EOS). Results showed that (1) the percentages of significant (p<0.1) drying trends varied across the globe from 8.30% to 13.42%, 6.50% to 14.63%, 6.52% to 14.23%, and 6.47% to 14.95% at one-, two-, three-, and four-month lead times before EOS, respectively, during 2001–2020, which represented by the multiscalar SPEI. This observation highlights that most regions across the globe tend to be arid, which could significantly impact agricultural productivity; (2) the global mean correlation coefficients (rmax) for SPEI-1, SPEI-3, SPEI-6, SPEI-12 (indicating SPEI at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month lags), MEI, and MJO with zcNDVIS ranged between 0.24–0.25, 0.27–0.28, 0.25–0.26, 0.21–0.22, −0.02–0.01 and 0.06–0.11, respectively, across both irrigated and rainfed agriculture system from 2001 to 2020. Agricultural productivity anomalies demonstrated a significant correlation with drought stress. The strongest correlations were noted for SPEI-3 and SPEI-6, suggesting a delayed response of crops to drought conditions. This indicates that agriculture ecosystem experiences prolonged disturbances due to abiotic drought stress; and (3) the percentages of regions that showed significant correlations (p<0.1) between zcNDVIS and drought indices (SPEI-1, SPEI-3, SPEI-6, and SPEI-12), as well as climate indices (MEI and MJO) ranged as follows: 14.77%–20.27%, 21.51%–32.55%, 22.60%–35.68%, 21.89%–35.16%, 7.93%–11.20% and 9.44%–17.94%. Quantitatively identifying how zcNDVIS spatially responds to hydro-climatic variables can help us better understand the impact of drought on agricultural productivity anomalies worldwide.

农业生产力异常对干旱胁迫的响应在陆地生态系统的碳循环和确保粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,对于全球农业生产力异常如何响应干旱胁迫,特别是在灌溉和雨水灌溉农业系统中,详细分析仍然不足。本研究利用一系列水文气候变量,分析了干旱胁迫对灌溉农业和雨养农业生长季节(zcNDVIS)农业生产力异常的影响。具体而言,研究利用了多尺度标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)、多变量厄尔尼诺/南方涛动指数(MEI)和马登-朱利安涛动(MJO)。同时,分析了生长季结束前 1 个月、2 个月、3 个月和 4 个月水文气候变量与 zcNDVIS 之间的关系。结果表明:(1) 2001-2020 年间,在 EOS 结束前 1 个月、2 个月、3 个月和 4 个月,全球显著(p<0.1)的干旱趋势百分比分别为 8.30% 至 13.42%、6.50% 至 14.63%、6.52% 至 14.23% 和 6.47% 至 14.95%,这是由多尺度 SPEI 所代表的。这一观测结果表明,全球大部分地区趋于干旱,这可能会严重影响农业生产力;(2)SPEI-1、SPEI-3、SPEI-6、SPEI-12(表示滞后 1、3、6 和 12 个月的 SPEI)、MEI 和 MJO 与 zcNDVIS 的全球平均相关系数(rmax)介于 0.从 2001 年到 2020 年,在灌溉和雨水灌溉农业系统中,农业生产率异常分别介于 0.24-0.25, 0.27-0.28, 0.25-0.26, 0.21-0.22, -0.02-0.01 和 0.06-0.11 之间。农业生产力异常与干旱胁迫有显著相关性。SPEI-3和SPEI-6的相关性最强,表明作物对干旱条件的反应延迟。(3) zcNDVIS 与干旱指数(SPEI-1、SPEI-3、SPEI-6 和 SPEI-12)以及气候指数(MEI 和 MJO)之间存在显著相关性(p<0.1)的地区比例如下:14.77%-20.27%、21.51%-32.55%、22.60%-35.68%、21.89%-35.16%、7.93%-11.20% 和 9.44%-17.94%。定量识别 zcNDVIS 如何在空间上响应水文气候变量,有助于我们更好地理解干旱对全球农业生产力异常的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Structure of the mantle transition zone in the central and western parts of the North China Craton using the receiver function 3D Kirchhoff migration method 利用接收函数三维基尔霍夫迁移法研究华北克拉通中西部地幔过渡带的结构
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1339-3
Min Zhu, Qingju Wu, Jieyuan Ning, Ruiqing Zhang

Using data from the regional broadband dense temporary array deployed by the ChinArray project, we applied the three-dimensional (3D) Kirchhoff migration method of the teleseismic P-wave receiver function to investigate discontinuity structures of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) in the central and western parts of the North China Craton (NCC) using a high-resolution 3D velocity model of the East Asian region. The results show that the 410-km discontinuity beneath the Datong Volcano is depressed by ∼10 km, indicating the presence of a high-temperature anomaly near the depth of 410 km, which is likely related to small-scale mantle upwelling caused by the dehydration of the stagnant Pacific Plate in the MTZ. The upwelling of hot material provides a heat source for surface magmatic activity. Beneath the Bohai Bay Basin, significant subsidence of the 660-km discontinuity is observed, and the transition zone here is extensively thickened. It’s suggested that the anomalies in this region are related to the stagnation of the Pacific slab in the MTZ. Although the thickness of the transition zone west of the North-South Gravity Lineament appears normal, we propose that the subducting front of the Pacific slab did not cross the gravity lineament in the NCC. In comparison, the small-scale subsidence of the 660-km discontinuity and the thickening of the MTZ observed north of the Hannuoba Volcano likely indicate that the slab crossed the gravity lineament at its turning point and remained in the MTZ. Furthermore, a local thickening of the MTZ is observed in the Dabie orogenic belt of the Qinling Mountains. This is believed to be a combined effect of lithospheric delamination into the transition zone in the lower Yangtze region and the stagnation of the Pacific Plate.

利用ChinArray项目部署的区域宽带密集临时阵列数据,采用远震P波接收函数的三维Kirchhoff迁移方法,利用东亚地区高分辨率三维速度模型,研究了华北克拉通(NCC)中西部地幔过渡带(MTZ)的不连续结构。结果表明,大同火山下方410千米的不连续面凹陷∼10千米,表明在410千米深度附近存在高温异常,这可能与地幔过渡带中停滞的太平洋板块脱水引起的小规模地幔上涌有关。热物质的上涌为地表岩浆活动提供了热源。在渤海湾盆地下方,660 千米的不连续面明显下沉,过渡带大面积增厚。有人认为,这一地区的异常与太平洋板块在MTZ中的停滞有关。虽然南北重力线以西的过渡带厚度看起来正常,但我们认为太平洋板块的俯冲前沿并没有穿过北西重力线。相比之下,在汉诺瓦火山以北观测到的 660 千米不连续面的小规模下沉和 MTZ 的增厚可能表明,板坯在其转折点穿过重力线并停留在 MTZ 中。此外,在秦岭大别造山带也观测到了MTZ的局部增厚。这被认为是岩石圈脱层进入长江下游地区过渡带和太平洋板块停滞的综合效应。
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引用次数: 0
Vegetation changes across the Eocene-Oligocene transition: Global signals vs. regional development 始新世-更新世过渡时期的植被变化:全球信号与区域发展
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1335-8
Mengxiao Wu, Lutz Kunzmann, Shufeng Li, Vasilis Teodoridis, Zhekun Zhou, Tao Su

The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) marked a rapid global cooling event, often considered as the beginning of the modern icehouse world. Influenced by various factors, including tectonic activity and paleogeographic settings, the terrestrial records indicate a diverse response of fauna and vegetation to this global event. We examined nine macrofossil assemblages from seven fossil localities on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and from the mid-latitudinal Europe ranging from the latest Bartonian and Priabonian (37.71–33.9 Ma) to the Rupelian (33.9–27.82 Ma). Our aims were to trace and compare the vegetation history of both regions in the late Eocene and early Oligocene. The results show that both regions experienced changes in vegetation composition in response to climate change, characterized by a decrease in the percentages of broad-leaved evergreen elements and distinctive changes in general vegetation types. A general change in the overall vegetation type from subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests in the late Eocene to temperate broad-leaved mixed deciduous evergreen forests, or mixed mesophytic forests, in the early Oligocene is recognized in both regions. The results indicate a clear change in leaf architecture, leaf margin states, and secondary venation types in the mid-latitudinal Europe, while the results from the south-eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau show a distinct reduction in leaf size. Our data suggest that both global and regional factors played key roles in shaping the vegetation in the two regions.

始新世-更新世过渡时期(EOT)标志着全球迅速变冷,通常被认为是现代冰室世界的开端。受构造活动和古地理环境等各种因素的影响,陆地记录显示了动物和植被对这一全球事件的不同反应。我们研究了来自青藏高原东南边缘和欧洲中纬度地区七个化石地点的九个大型化石群,年代从巴顿纪和普里阿本纪(37.71-33.9 Ma)到鲁佩尔纪(33.9-27.82 Ma)。我们的目的是追溯和比较这两个地区在始新世晚期和渐新世早期的植被历史。结果表明,这两个地区的植被组成都随着气候变化而发生了变化,其特点是常绿阔叶植被所占比例下降,总体植被类型发生了明显变化。两个地区的总体植被类型发生了普遍变化,从始新世晚期的亚热带常绿阔叶林变为渐新世早期的温带常绿落叶阔叶混交林或中生代混交林。研究结果表明,欧洲中纬度地区的叶片结构、叶缘状态和次脉序类型发生了明显变化,而青藏高原东南缘的研究结果则显示叶片尺寸明显缩小。我们的数据表明,全球和区域因素在塑造这两个地区的植被方面发挥了关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Science China Earth Sciences
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