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A novel dragonfly wing shape auxetic tubular structure with negative Poisson’s ratio 具有负泊松比的新型蜻蜓翼形辅助管状结构
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad59e4
Rafael Augusto Gomes, Lucas Antonio de Oliveira, Matheus Brendon Francisco and Guilherme Ferreira Gomes
Mechanical structures abilities to absorb and dissipate energy have a variety of applications in daily life, including the ability to dampen mechanical vibrations and shock effects. In the present study, inspired by the dragonfly wing (DFW) shape, a novel auxetic unit cell was developed with the goal of proposing a novel structure with a lower stress concentrator and consequently increasing energy absorption. The negative Poisson’s ratio behavior was also studied. The DFW shaped unit cells were applied in a tubular structure, and the experimental samples were produced utilizing an additive manufacturing process with polylactic acid filament. To validate the ability to absorb energy of the novel unit cell, a comparison was proposed with the classical reentrant auxetic tubular structure following two different parameters: weight and the number of unit cells being developed in two different DFW structures. The study of the novel unit cell was performed using finite element analysis and experimental testing, and excellent agreement was observed between them. As a result, the bio-inspired DFWs shape in both configurations proposed when compared to the classical reentrant presented an excellent result in terms of absorbing energy, where the structure with the same quantity of unit cells and the structure with the same weight respectively absorb 163% and 79% when compared to the classical Reentrant, finally the new structure presented the negative Poisson’s ratio of −0.5, presenting an auxetic behavior and being able to resist more force and displacement
机械结构吸收和耗散能量的能力在日常生活中有多种应用,包括抑制机械振动和冲击效应的能力。在本研究中,受蜻蜓翼(DFW)形状的启发,开发了一种新型辅助单元,目的是提出一种应力集中较低的新型结构,从而提高能量吸收能力。此外,还对负泊松比行为进行了研究。DFW 形单元格被应用于管状结构中,实验样品是利用聚乳酸长丝增材制造工艺生产的。为了验证新型单元格的能量吸收能力,研究人员提出了与经典的重入式辅助管状结构进行比较的方法,该方法采用了两个不同的参数:在两种不同的 DFW 结构中开发的单元格的重量和数量。通过有限元分析和实验测试对新型单元格进行了研究,结果表明二者之间具有极佳的一致性。因此,与经典的回旋器相比,生物启发的 DFWs 结构在两种配置中都具有出色的能量吸收效果,与经典的回旋器相比,具有相同数量单元格的结构和具有相同重量的结构分别吸收了 163% 和 79% 的能量,最后,新结构的负泊松比为-0.5,呈现出一种辅助行为,能够抵抗更多的力和位移。
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引用次数: 0
Fast stiffness variation gripper with efficient adhesion control 刚度变化快的机械手,附着力控制效率高
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad5a59
Wenqing Chen, Tianhui Sun, Jingyang Li, Xiaosong Li, Lvzhou Li, Yonggang Meng and Yu Tian
The mushroom-shape gecko-inspired adhesive has been extensively studied and applied in a wide range of fields. However, current research primarily focuses on enhancing its adhesion properties, necessitating further exploration in strategies of detachment and adaptation, which significantly constrain its practical applications. In this study, a stiffness variable gripper with controllable adhesion and fast response is developed by integrating mushroom-shape adhesive with granular jamming technology. A theoretical model for the detachment of the gripper is established, indicating the effect of backing stiffness on adhesion performance, which is verified through contact area observations and adhesion experiments. The proposed modulation method demonstrates an impressive adhesion-to-detachment ratio of 92.8, with adhesion capacity of up to 41.023 N and detachment force of only 0.442 N. The switch time is remarkably fast at just 0.5 s. Additionally, the designed gripper, under pressure difference of 60 kPa, is able to stably grasp smooth objects with various shapes weighing over 2 kg, with a load-to-weight ratio of approximately 8, and a minimal power consumption of only 4.404 W. The work here presents a comprehensive understanding of adhesion modulation of fibrillar adhesive through granular jamming, and provides new insights into robust reversible adhesion design for related technologies.
蘑菇形状的壁虎启发粘合剂已被广泛研究并应用于多个领域。然而,目前的研究主要集中在增强其粘附性能上,需要进一步探索脱离和适应策略,这极大地限制了其实际应用。本研究通过将蘑菇形粘合剂与颗粒干扰技术相结合,开发了一种具有可控粘附性和快速响应性的刚度可变机械手。研究建立了机械手脱离的理论模型,指出了背衬硬度对粘附性能的影响,并通过接触面积观察和粘附实验验证了这一理论。所提出的调制方法显示出 92.8 的惊人粘附脱离比,粘附力高达 41.023 N,而脱离力仅为 0.442 N。此外,所设计的机械手在 60 kPa 的压差条件下,能够稳定地抓取重量超过 2 kg 的各种形状的光滑物体,负载重量比约为 8,功耗仅为 4.404 W。这项工作全面介绍了通过颗粒干扰对纤维粘合剂进行粘附调制的原理,并为相关技术的稳健可逆粘附设计提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Recovering energy from door opening and closing process using a parallel crank-slider harvester in buildings 在建筑物中使用并联曲柄滑块收割机回收门开关过程中的能量
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad5b30
Limin Ren, Shuqing Wang, Wenqiang Zhang, Yubao Cao, Pan Zhang, Xinyu Wang and Yisong Tan
Recovering kinetic energy from the environment is mostly focused on the natural environment, while there is also a huge energy in the human living environment. The swing door is an indispensable equipment in the human living environment. The bidirectional swing of the door opening and closing process is rich in energy generated by human motion and thus has a large potential for energy recovery. An energy harvester for recovering bidirectional kinetic energy of the door in buildings is proposed, fabricated, analyzed, and tested. The energy harvester consists of a parallel crank-slider mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a power generation module. The external linkage is used to connect the door and the energy harvester to transmit the bidirectional swing of the door. The parallel crank-slider mechanism is coupled with two one-way bearings. This can realize the conversion of the bidirectional swing of the door to the unidirectional rotation of the central shaft. The final mechanical rectification effect is achieved. Kinematic and dynamic analyses are performed to determine the factors affecting the power generation performance. A prototype is fabricated, and experiments are conducted on it by simulating the process of opening and closing the door. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation ones. At a normal opening velocity of 90° s−1, the maximum open-circuit voltage of the harvester is 7.06 V and the average output power is 1.03 W. The highest efficiency of the harvester can reach 69.65%. The recovered energy is capable of powering the smart door lock for at least 150 s, as well as powering devices such as door lights and doorbells. This can meet the power supply needs of most electronic devices on doors in human life.
从环境中回收动能主要集中在自然环境中,而人类生活环境中也蕴藏着巨大的能量。平开门是人类生活环境中不可或缺的设备。门在开关过程中的双向摆动蕴含着丰富的人体运动产生的能量,因此具有很大的能量回收潜力。本文提出了一种用于回收建筑物门双向动能的能量收集器,并对其进行了制作、分析和测试。能量收集器由平行曲柄滑块机构、传动机构和发电模块组成。外部连杆用于连接门和能量收集器,以传递门的双向摆动。平行曲柄滑块机构与两个单向轴承耦合。这可以实现将门的双向摆动转换为中心轴的单向旋转。最终实现机械整流效果。我们进行了运动学和动力学分析,以确定影响发电性能的因素。制作了一个原型,并通过模拟门的打开和关闭过程对其进行了实验。实验结果与模拟结果一致。在正常打开速度为 90° s-1 时,收割机的最大开路电压为 7.06 V,平均输出功率为 1.03 W。回收的能量可为智能门锁供电至少 150 秒,还可为门灯和门铃等设备供电。这可以满足人类生活中大多数门上电子设备的供电需求。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling and characterisation of a magnetically coupled piezoelectric beam for energy harvesting gear meshing motion 用于能量采集齿轮啮合运动的磁耦合压电梁的建模和特性分析
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad59e7
Huifang Xiao, Xuyang Guan, Fan Zhang, Gang Liang, Yihu Tang and Chris Bowen
Gear transmission systems are crucial components for transmitting power and motion in a host of engineering applications. Recently, the potential to embed sensors into transmission components has attracted significant attention for accurate condition monitoring of system health. As a result, embedded sensors must operate in a safe and stable manner, whilst being able to provide a continuous power-supply and ensure operational autonomy. In this work, a magnetically coupled beam-type piezoelectric energy harvester is developed for energy harvesting of rotational centrifugal forces and individual gear meshing excitation events. A new coupled electromechanical dynamic model is developed to explain the working principle and response of the harvester when excited by a combination of gear meshing excitation events, a centrifugal force, and a magnetic force. Since gear meshing events are observed to lead to an increased hardening nonlinearity of the energy harvester, and a decrease in power output, a novel variable-section cantilever structure was developed. Our detailed theoretical analysis demonstrates that the novel variable stiffness structure improves both the power output and bandwidth, with excellent agreement with experimental measurements. This work provides new theoretical insights into the application of magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvesters for self-powered sensing systems for critical gear transmission systems.
齿轮传动系统是众多工程应用中传递动力和运动的关键部件。最近,在传动部件中嵌入传感器以对系统健康状况进行准确监测的可能性引起了广泛关注。因此,嵌入式传感器必须以安全稳定的方式运行,同时能够提供持续的电力供应并确保运行自主性。本研究开发了一种磁耦合梁式压电能量收集器,用于收集旋转离心力和单个齿轮啮合激励事件的能量。我们开发了一个新的机电耦合动态模型,用于解释能量收集器在受到齿轮啮合激励事件、离心力和磁力的组合激励时的工作原理和响应。由于观察到齿轮啮合事件会导致能量收集器的硬化非线性增加,功率输出下降,因此开发了一种新型变截面悬臂结构。我们的详细理论分析表明,新型可变刚度结构提高了功率输出和带宽,与实验测量结果非常吻合。这项工作为将磁耦合压电能量收集器应用于关键齿轮传动系统的自供电传感系统提供了新的理论见解。
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引用次数: 0
Robustness analysis for the vibration control performance of energy-harvesting tuned mass damper with uncertainties 具有不确定性的能量收集调谐质量阻尼器振动控制性能的鲁棒性分析
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad59e5
Cai Qinlin, Lu Ping, Chen Yuanbin and Shi Xiang
Energy-harvesting vibration control strategy has been proposed and applied in different applications, including but not limited to automotive, mechanical, and civil engineering. However, when facing uncertainties from both internal and external environments, the robustness of its performance has rarely been evaluated. The energy-harvesting tuned mass damper (EHTMD) is a representative vibration control device integrated with the energy-harvesting function. This study investigates the robustness of an EHTMD installed on a structure with multi-uncertainties. First, the EHTMD modeling, the interval model, and the robustness evaluation framework are introduced. Uncertainties are considered for all parameters of an EHTMD, including the mechanical units, electromagnetic damper, and energy harvesting circuit. Subsequently, a series of dynamic simulations are performed on a damped benchmark single-degree-of-freedom frame with an EHTMD. The lower- and upper-bound structural vibration and generated power are estimated under free-vibration, harmonic-excitation, and random-excitation scenarios. The EHTMD performance robustness is evaluated through the interval response by incorporating the first-passage theory. The key factors in EHTMD that influence its robustness are identified. Results indicate promising robustness when using the energy-harvesting vibration control strategy to replace the conventional dampers, addressing one of the often-questioned issues of the energy-harvesting vibration control strategy.
能量收集振动控制策略已被提出并应用于不同领域,包括但不限于汽车、机械和土木工程。然而,在面对来自内部和外部环境的不确定性时,很少有人对其性能的鲁棒性进行评估。能量收集调谐质量阻尼器(EHTMD)是一种集成了能量收集功能的代表性振动控制装置。本研究探讨了安装在具有多种不确定性的结构上的 EHTMD 的稳健性。首先,介绍了 EHTMD 建模、区间模型和鲁棒性评估框架。考虑了 EHTMD 所有参数的不确定性,包括机械单元、电磁阻尼器和能量收集电路。随后,对带有 EHTMD 的阻尼基准单自由度框架进行了一系列动态模拟。估算了自由振动、谐波激励和随机激励情况下的结构振动下限和上限以及产生的功率。结合第一通道理论,通过区间响应评估了 EHTMD 性能的鲁棒性。确定了影响 EHTMD 稳健性的关键因素。结果表明,使用能量收集振动控制策略取代传统阻尼器时,稳健性很有希望,从而解决了能量收集振动控制策略中一个经常受到质疑的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative characterization of fatigue damage in plate structures based on FSOM 基于 FSOM 的板结构疲劳损伤定量表征
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad5a58
Chunbing Zhang, Xiaofeng Liu, Daiping Wei and Lin Bo
For the problem of fatigue damage detection and damage degree assessment of plate structures, a quantitative damage assessment method based on the fast self-organizing feature mapping (FSOM) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The damage detection problem is transformed into a binary classification problem by extracting multidimensional damage features of the Lamb wave signal in plate to be detected and selecting damage sensitive features. Then, the FSOM network is used to identify the health state of the plate to be inspected, and the damage index is obtained by fusing the damage sensitive features using FSOM to quantitatively evaluate the damage level of the plate to be inspected. Simulation and experimental results show this method has a good dynamic tracking capability for the fatigue damage evolution of aluminum and composite plates, and can achieve quantitative assessment of fatigue damage of plate structures.
针对板结构的疲劳损伤检测和损伤程度评估问题,本文提出了一种基于快速自组织特征映射(FSOM)算法的定量损伤评估方法。通过提取待检测板材 Lamb 波信号的多维损伤特征并选择损伤敏感特征,将损伤检测问题转化为二元分类问题。然后,利用 FSOM 网络识别待检测板的健康状态,并利用 FSOM 融合损伤敏感特征得到损伤指数,从而定量评估待检测板的损伤程度。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法对铝板和复合板的疲劳损伤演化具有良好的动态跟踪能力,可实现对板结构疲劳损伤的定量评估。
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引用次数: 0
Soft robotic fingers with sensorized pre-charged finger pulp 带有感应式预充电指浆的柔软机器人手指
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-06-30 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad5a5b
Zihui Zhu, Yang Yang, Shaoyang Yan, Songyan Wang, Yuan Xie, Yili Fu, Yunquan Li and Pei Jiang
Pneumatically driven soft actuators with sensors have been developing rapidly these years. They can perceive external stimulus and be applied to different scenarios. In this study, we present a novel soft robotic finger with sensorized finger pulp based on sealing a flexible fabric piezoresistive film called Velostat into a pre-charged air bag, which can perceive the contact force with an object based on changes in resistance value of the sensor. The soft sensor mimics human finger pulp and deforms passively according to the shape of objects during grasping, so that it can firmly contact with objects and as such improves the gripper’s grasping stability. Moreover, based on force feedback, the actuator can reduce or increase the input pressure to hold the object and control the contact force precisely. The sensor exhibits a sensitivity of up to 0.328 kPa−1 and can measure pressures ranging from 0 to over 10 kPa. The sensor’s measurement range and sensitivity can be pre-adjusted by regulating the pre-charged pressure during fabrication for different grasping tasks. The response/recovery time of the sensor is 80/60 ms on average. Experiments show that the finger with sensorized pulp can be applied for object softness and size detection, object transport minitoring as well as force control grasping. The proposed soft robotic finger has potential for applications in scenarios that require safe contact and closed-loop control.
近年来,带有传感器的气动软执行器发展迅速。它们可以感知外部刺激并应用于不同场景。在这项研究中,我们介绍了一种新型的带感应指肉的软体机器人手指,其原理是将一种名为 Velostat 的柔性织物压阻薄膜密封到一个预充电的气囊中,该气囊可根据传感器电阻值的变化感知与物体的接触力。这种软传感器模仿人类的指肉,在抓取过程中会根据物体的形状被动变形,因此可以牢固地与物体接触,从而提高抓手的抓取稳定性。此外,根据力反馈,致动器可以减少或增加输入压力来抓取物体,并精确控制接触力。传感器的灵敏度高达 0.328 kPa-1,可测量 0 至 10 kPa 的压力。传感器的测量范围和灵敏度可在制造过程中通过调节预充压力进行预调,以适应不同的抓取任务。传感器的响应/恢复时间平均为 80/60 毫秒。实验表明,带有感应浆的手指可用于物体柔软度和大小检测、物体运输监控以及力控制抓取。拟议的软体机器人手指有望应用于需要安全接触和闭环控制的场景。
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引用次数: 0
Reversible negative compressibility metamaterials inspired by Braess’s Paradox 受布雷斯悖论启发的可逆负压缩超材料
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad59e6
Jinmeng Zha and Zhen Zhang
Negative compressibility metamaterials have attracted significant attention due to their distinctive properties and promising applications. Negative compressibility has been interpreted in two ways. Regarding the negative compressibility induced by a uniaxial load, it can only occur abruptly when the load reaches a certain threshold. Hence, it can be termed as transient negative compressibility. However, fabrication and experiments of such metamaterials have rarely been reported. Herein, we demonstrate them. Inspired by Braess’s paradox, a novel mechanical model is proposed with reversible negative compressibility. It shows multiple types of force responses during a loading-unloading cycle, including transient negative compressibility and hysteresis. Phase diagrams are employed to visualize the relationship between force responses and system parameters. Besides, explicit expressions for the conditions and intensity of negative compressibility are obtained for design and optimization. The model replacement method inspired by compliant mechanism design is then introduced to derive specific unit cell structures, thus avoiding intuition-based approaches. Additive manufacturing technology is utilized to fabricate the prototypes, and negative compressibility is validated via simulations and experiments. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that metamaterials with transient negative compressibility can be activated through electrical heating and can function as actuators, thereby possessing machine-like properties. The proposed mechanical metamaterial and the introduced design methodology have potentials to impact micro-electromechanical systems, force sensors, protective devices, and other applications.
负压缩性超材料因其独特的性能和广阔的应用前景而备受关注。负压缩性有两种解释。关于单轴载荷引起的负压缩性,只有当载荷达到一定临界值时才会突然发生。因此,它可以被称为瞬态负压缩性。然而,这种超材料的制作和实验却鲜有报道。在此,我们将对其进行演示。受布雷斯悖论的启发,我们提出了一种具有可逆负压缩性的新型力学模型。它在加载-卸载循环过程中显示出多种类型的力响应,包括瞬态负压缩性和滞后。采用相图来直观显示力响应与系统参数之间的关系。此外,还获得了负压缩性条件和强度的明确表达式,用于设计和优化。受顺应机构设计的启发,引入了模型替换法来推导特定的单胞结构,从而避免了基于直觉的方法。利用快速成型技术制造原型,并通过模拟和实验验证负压缩性。此外,研究还证明,具有瞬态负压缩性的超材料可通过电加热激活,并可用作致动器,从而具有类似机器的特性。所提出的机械超材料和所介绍的设计方法有望对微机电系统、力传感器、保护装置和其他应用产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of tunable frequency-dependent stiffness elements via integrated shunted piezoelectric stacks 通过集成分流压电叠层实现可调频率刚度元件
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad588e
B Van Damme, R Weber, J U Schmied, A Spierings and A Bergamini
Piezoelectric transducers applied on or integrated in structures, combined with appropriate circuits have been extensively investigated as a smart approach to the mitigation of resonant vibrations with high relative amplitudes. A resonant shunt circuit consisting of the capacitive piezoelectric transducer and an inductance can be configured to target specific eigenmodes of a structure, if appropriately placed and tuned. Their effect is expressed in terms of mechanical impedance of the host structure, allowing for the exchange of energy between the mechanical and electrical domain, to dramatically affect the dynamic response of the structure. By re-framing the function of resonant shunted piezoelectric transducers as frequency dependent variable stiffness elements, this paper investigates their capability to realize a frequency dependent structural mechanical connectivity, where the load path within a lattice structure can be interrupted at will for specific frequencies by tunable null-stiffness components. Here, we offer the numerical and experimental verification of this idea, by demonstrating the ability to significantly affect the dynamic response of a unit cell of an adaptive lattice metamaterial, even away from a structural resonance. In the latter case, the null-stiffness shunt leads to an additional resonance peak in the truss’ dynamic response. Its realization as additively manufactured component points to the feasibility of such structures in real life.
压电传感器应用于结构上或集成于结构中,并与适当的电路相结合,作为缓解高相对振幅共振的智能方法,已得到广泛研究。由电容式压电传感器和电感组成的共振分流电路,如果放置和调整得当,可以针对结构的特定特征模式进行配置。它们的效果以主结构的机械阻抗表示,允许机械和电气领域之间的能量交换,从而显著影响结构的动态响应。通过将谐振分流压电传感器的功能重新构建为频率相关的可变刚度元件,本文研究了它们实现频率相关的结构机械连通性的能力,在这种连通性中,晶格结构内的负载路径可以通过可调的空刚度元件在特定频率下随意中断。在这里,我们对这一想法进行了数值和实验验证,证明了自适应晶格超材料的单元格即使在远离结构共振的情况下也能显著影响其动态响应。在后一种情况下,空刚度分流器会导致桁架动态响应中出现额外的共振峰。它作为添加式制造组件的实现,表明了这种结构在现实生活中的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Kresling origami derived structures and inspired mechanical metamaterial 克瑞斯林折纸衍生结构和灵感机械超材料
IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q1 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad5a5a
Xiaolei Wang, Haibo Qu, Kai Zhao, Xiao Yang and Sheng Guo
Origami has attracted more and more attention due to its exotic mechanical properties, and the inspired metamaterials are also popular. However, the main focus of current research is on existing origami patterns and properties, although new origami patterns or results that expand on existing origami patterns are gradually emerging. In this paper, we summarize a series of derived structures of the Kresling origami, demonstrating more stable states and richer structural forms. At the same time, a point-searching method is proposed along the ideas of the truss model, which is effective for irregular stable states of these derived structures. On this basis, we create an origami-inspired mechanical metamaterial with foldable property and high load-bearing capacity, fabricate the prototype, and validate its performance through experiments. These works make important contributions for promoting the Kresling origami and origami-inspired metamaterials.
折纸因其奇特的机械特性吸引了越来越多的关注,受其启发的超材料也很受欢迎。然而,尽管新的折纸图案或在现有折纸图案基础上扩展的成果逐渐涌现,但目前的研究主要集中在现有的折纸图案和特性上。本文总结了克瑞斯林折纸的一系列衍生结构,展示了更稳定的状态和更丰富的结构形式。同时,根据桁架模型的思想提出了一种寻点方法,这种方法对这些衍生结构的不规则稳定状态很有效。在此基础上,我们创造了一种具有可折叠特性和高承载能力的受折纸启发的机械超材料,并制作了原型,通过实验验证了其性能。这些工作为推广克瑞斯林折纸和受折纸启发的超材料做出了重要贡献。
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引用次数: 0
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