Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p437
Jean Pierre Martins Machado, O. G. L. Ferreira, N. Carolino, R. Z. Vaz
O último censo pecuário informa que o Brasil possui 17.976.367 cabeças de ovinos. Aproximadamente 23,69% desse efetivo está localizado na região sul do país, onde predomina a criação de raças produtoras de lã, ou lã e carne. Endogamia ou consanguinidade é definida como o acasalamento de indivíduos relacionados, e tende a ocorrer quando os rebanhos são pequenos ou provenientes de poucos genitores. Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar a estrutura e a diversidade genética do rebanho ovino da raça Romney Marsh no Brasil. Os dados de pedigree utilizados foram obtidos na Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Ovinos (ARCO), que é a mantenedora do banco de dados de registro de ovinos. Para uma análise mais completa foram utilizados dados dos Livros de Registro Puro de Origem (PO). A população referida como “total” foi composta por 22.833 indivíduos, e a população referida como “referência” composta por 17.053 registros. Os coeficientes de consanguinidade individual e médio, bem como as frequências gerais, foram calculados usando o software SAS. Os indicadores demográficos foram determinados a partir do software ENDOG. O coeficiente de consanguinidade médio encontrado na população total foi de 2,90%, e na população de referência foi de 3,55%. O valor mínimo de consanguinidade encontrado na população estudada foi de 0,01% e o máximo, foi de 43,47%. Animais consanguíneos na população de referência completa foi de 10,31%. Em 2018 os animais consanguíneos representavam 82,55% da população cadastrada. Intervalo médio de gerações 4,0488 anos. Devido ao uso intensivo de poucas linhas de reprodutores e ao alto grau de uniformidade genética da população, a raça Romney Marsh apresenta estreitos gargalos nos pedigrees. A população atual da raça Romney Marsh provém de apenas duas origens genéticas, sendo necessário introduzir genes novos para evitar a erosão genética e perdas por consanguinidade acentuada.
{"title":"Estrutura genética e consanguinidade de ovinos Romney Marsh no Brasil","authors":"Jean Pierre Martins Machado, O. G. L. Ferreira, N. Carolino, R. Z. Vaz","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p437","url":null,"abstract":"O último censo pecuário informa que o Brasil possui 17.976.367 cabeças de ovinos. Aproximadamente 23,69% desse efetivo está localizado na região sul do país, onde predomina a criação de raças produtoras de lã, ou lã e carne. Endogamia ou consanguinidade é definida como o acasalamento de indivíduos relacionados, e tende a ocorrer quando os rebanhos são pequenos ou provenientes de poucos genitores. Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar a estrutura e a diversidade genética do rebanho ovino da raça Romney Marsh no Brasil. Os dados de pedigree utilizados foram obtidos na Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Ovinos (ARCO), que é a mantenedora do banco de dados de registro de ovinos. Para uma análise mais completa foram utilizados dados dos Livros de Registro Puro de Origem (PO). A população referida como “total” foi composta por 22.833 indivíduos, e a população referida como “referência” composta por 17.053 registros. Os coeficientes de consanguinidade individual e médio, bem como as frequências gerais, foram calculados usando o software SAS. Os indicadores demográficos foram determinados a partir do software ENDOG. O coeficiente de consanguinidade médio encontrado na população total foi de 2,90%, e na população de referência foi de 3,55%. O valor mínimo de consanguinidade encontrado na população estudada foi de 0,01% e o máximo, foi de 43,47%. Animais consanguíneos na população de referência completa foi de 10,31%. Em 2018 os animais consanguíneos representavam 82,55% da população cadastrada. Intervalo médio de gerações 4,0488 anos. Devido ao uso intensivo de poucas linhas de reprodutores e ao alto grau de uniformidade genética da população, a raça Romney Marsh apresenta estreitos gargalos nos pedigrees. A população atual da raça Romney Marsh provém de apenas duas origens genéticas, sendo necessário introduzir genes novos para evitar a erosão genética e perdas por consanguinidade acentuada.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47112622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p451
Amanda Bertão-Santos, Eloiza Teles Caldart, Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de Matos, A. Paschoal, Fernanda Pinto‐Ferreira, J. Soares, D. Gonçalves, Regina Mitsuka-Breganó, I. Navarro
The synanthropization of wild animals puts public health at risk by promoting the circulation of zoonotic agents, found naturally in the wild, in the anthropic environment. The objective of this work was to carry out screening by molecular detection of pathogens of the Anaplasmatacea family in Didelphis albiventris, a specie characterized as having a synanthropic habit. Opossums that were dead (n = 25) after being road-killed were collected in the North of Paraná state, southern Brazil during the 2016 and 2018 years, through active search. A questionnaire was filled out with information about the animal and collected place. Biological samples of spleen and liver were collected. The genetic material extracted from the spleen and liver was submitted to molecular diagnosis through PCR for amplification of dsb of Ehrlichia and 16S genes for the other agents of the Anaplasmataceae family. One animal was positive for the genus Ehrlichia in semi-nested PCR for amplification of the 349 bp fragment of the dsb gene in extracted from the liver samples. In PCR for the 16S target no animal was positive. These are preliminary results that reinforce the circulation of Ehrlichia in opossums. To improve the knowledge of these agents in opossums more studies are necessary.
{"title":"Molecular diagnostic for a screening investigation method of tick-borne pathogens in Didelphis albiventris road-killed in north of Paraná, Brazil","authors":"Amanda Bertão-Santos, Eloiza Teles Caldart, Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de Matos, A. Paschoal, Fernanda Pinto‐Ferreira, J. Soares, D. Gonçalves, Regina Mitsuka-Breganó, I. Navarro","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p451","url":null,"abstract":"The synanthropization of wild animals puts public health at risk by promoting the circulation of zoonotic agents, found naturally in the wild, in the anthropic environment. The objective of this work was to carry out screening by molecular detection of pathogens of the Anaplasmatacea family in Didelphis albiventris, a specie characterized as having a synanthropic habit. Opossums that were dead (n = 25) after being road-killed were collected in the North of Paraná state, southern Brazil during the 2016 and 2018 years, through active search. A questionnaire was filled out with information about the animal and collected place. Biological samples of spleen and liver were collected. The genetic material extracted from the spleen and liver was submitted to molecular diagnosis through PCR for amplification of dsb of Ehrlichia and 16S genes for the other agents of the Anaplasmataceae family. One animal was positive for the genus Ehrlichia in semi-nested PCR for amplification of the 349 bp fragment of the dsb gene in extracted from the liver samples. In PCR for the 16S target no animal was positive. These are preliminary results that reinforce the circulation of Ehrlichia in opossums. To improve the knowledge of these agents in opossums more studies are necessary.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48207312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p427
A. P. Bastos, S. Maciag, A. L. C. Bovolato
The limited ability of newborn piglets to produce cytokines may influence lymphocyte development and response to antigen exposure. As a result, colostrum intake is crucial because it contains nutrients that contribute to immune system development in piglets. Our goal was to investigate the effect of sow parity on the transfer of maternal cytokines to nursing piglets. Sixty piglets from nine sows were divided into six groups: piglets from gilts or sows kept with their dams and allowed to suckle normally; piglets from gilts or sows having their dams exchanged and then allowed to suckle normally; piglets from gilts or sows isolated from their dams and bottle-fed a commercial milk replacer formula for pigs. All piglets remained in the diet groups for 24 hours after birth. Concentrations of cytokines in colostrum and serum of gilt/ sows and serum of piglets were then evaluated. The 13 evaluated cytokines had higher concentrations in colostrum and serum of sows than in gilts. Concentrations of GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and TNFα were higher in piglets suckling sows. Piglets that received commercial formula showed higher concentrations of the cytokines IL1-RA and IL-8 than piglets fed colostrum. This outcome can influence piglets’ development into adulthood. In short, our findings demonstrated that maternal parity influenced colostrum cytokine composition and its maternal transfer patterns.
{"title":"Influence of porcine parity on colostrum cytokine levels and their passive transfer to piglets","authors":"A. P. Bastos, S. Maciag, A. L. C. Bovolato","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p427","url":null,"abstract":"The limited ability of newborn piglets to produce cytokines may influence lymphocyte development and response to antigen exposure. As a result, colostrum intake is crucial because it contains nutrients that contribute to immune system development in piglets. Our goal was to investigate the effect of sow parity on the transfer of maternal cytokines to nursing piglets. Sixty piglets from nine sows were divided into six groups: piglets from gilts or sows kept with their dams and allowed to suckle normally; piglets from gilts or sows having their dams exchanged and then allowed to suckle normally; piglets from gilts or sows isolated from their dams and bottle-fed a commercial milk replacer formula for pigs. All piglets remained in the diet groups for 24 hours after birth. Concentrations of cytokines in colostrum and serum of gilt/ sows and serum of piglets were then evaluated. The 13 evaluated cytokines had higher concentrations in colostrum and serum of sows than in gilts. Concentrations of GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and TNFα were higher in piglets suckling sows. Piglets that received commercial formula showed higher concentrations of the cytokines IL1-RA and IL-8 than piglets fed colostrum. This outcome can influence piglets’ development into adulthood. In short, our findings demonstrated that maternal parity influenced colostrum cytokine composition and its maternal transfer patterns.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44627667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p415
R. Z. Vaz, J. D. Lucas, M. Dutra, F. N. Vaz, L. L. Pascoal, J. A. Bethancourt-Garcia, Dayana Bernardi Sarzi Sartori, J. Restle
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of behavioral differences in cattle on bruising on different cuts and on carcass yield. A total of 4,061 lots of cattle were evaluated, which corresponded to 199,026 carcasses. Animal temperament was classified as calm, anxious, or excited. The following carcass cuts were evaluated: round, rump, shin, thin flank, tenderloin, and rib. Of the total number of slaughtered animals, 68.26% had at least one type of bruise with complete removal of the affected tissue. There was an interaction effect between sex and temperament on the occurrence of bruises on the different cuts and on carcass yield. In castrated males, bruises on the round, rump, shin, and tenderloin cuts did not differ between temperament classes, but the excited males showed more bruises on the thin flank and rib cuts. Among the females, for all cuts, the number of bruises was higher (P<0.05) in those with excited temperament than in the anxious and calm animals, which did not differ (P>0.05). Additionally, carcass yield relative to plant weight decreased (P<0.05), with the calm females exhibiting the highest values, followed by those with anxious and excited temperament. In the castrated males, however, although performance declined, those with anxious and excited temperament did not differ (P>0.05). Females and more reactive animals have more bruises on their carcass.
{"title":"Sex and animal behavior on yield and bruises in different beef cuts","authors":"R. Z. Vaz, J. D. Lucas, M. Dutra, F. N. Vaz, L. L. Pascoal, J. A. Bethancourt-Garcia, Dayana Bernardi Sarzi Sartori, J. Restle","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p415","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine the effects of behavioral differences in cattle on bruising on different cuts and on carcass yield. A total of 4,061 lots of cattle were evaluated, which corresponded to 199,026 carcasses. Animal temperament was classified as calm, anxious, or excited. The following carcass cuts were evaluated: round, rump, shin, thin flank, tenderloin, and rib. Of the total number of slaughtered animals, 68.26% had at least one type of bruise with complete removal of the affected tissue. There was an interaction effect between sex and temperament on the occurrence of bruises on the different cuts and on carcass yield. In castrated males, bruises on the round, rump, shin, and tenderloin cuts did not differ between temperament classes, but the excited males showed more bruises on the thin flank and rib cuts. Among the females, for all cuts, the number of bruises was higher (P<0.05) in those with excited temperament than in the anxious and calm animals, which did not differ (P>0.05). Additionally, carcass yield relative to plant weight decreased (P<0.05), with the calm females exhibiting the highest values, followed by those with anxious and excited temperament. In the castrated males, however, although performance declined, those with anxious and excited temperament did not differ (P>0.05). Females and more reactive animals have more bruises on their carcass.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41988915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p393
Julyana Machado da Silva Martins, Lindolfo Dorcino dos Santos Neto, Genilson Bezerra de Carvalho, F. V. Castejon, Evelyn de Oliveira, S. Sgavioli, D. Martins, M. B. Café
Objetivou-se avaliar a hematologia e a bioquímica sérica de frangos de corte suplementados com sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina na ração. Foi conduzido um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (três níveis de sulfato de condroitina: 0; 0,05 e 0,10%; e três níveis de sulfato de glucosamina: 0; 0,15 e 0,30%), cada tratamento com seis repetições de 30 aves. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de hematologia (hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais [PPT], trombócitos, leucócitos, eosinófilos, monócitos, heterofilos e linfócitos) e bioquímica sérica (proteínas séricas totais [PST], albumina, globulinas, aspartato aminotransferase [AST], gama glutamiltransferase [GGT], fosfatase alcalina [FA], cálcio total, cálcio iônico, fósforo, sódio, potássio e cloretos) aos 21 e 42 dias. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Quando as médias diferiram significativamente pelo teste F, a análise ortogonal foi realizada para testar os efeitos lineares e quadráticos dos níveis dos sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina. Observou-se efeito linear decrescente (p = 0,0399) do sulfato de glucosamina na quantidade de monócitos aos 42 dias. Houve interação dos sulfatos para leucócitos totais (p = 0,0099) e linfócitos (p = 0,0004) aos 21 dias. Frangos suplementados com 0,10% de sulfato de condroitina mostraram um aumento linear dos leucócitos (p = 0,0287) e dos linfócitos (p = 0,0144) com a inclusão de sulfato de glucosamina. A suplementação com sulfato de condroitina aumentou linearmente (p = 0,0099) a albumina sérica e afetou de forma quadrática (p = 0,0140) as PST aos 21 dias. O sulfato de glucosamina demonstrou um efeito quadrático (p < 0,05) sobre a albumina aos 42 dias, o menor valor foi encontrado para a inclusão de 0,06%, respectivamente. O sulfato de glucosamina reduziu linearmente (p = 0,0237) os cloretos aos 21 dias e aumentou linearmente (p = 0,0012) o cálcio total aos 42 dias. Verificouse interação (p < 0,05) dos sulfatos para cálcio total aos 21 dias, cálcio iônico aos 21 e 42 dias e para fósforo, cloretos e sódio aos 42 dias. A suplementação com os sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina na ração de frangos de corte favoreceram o sistema imune e o metabolismo de minerais, com aumento nas concentrações séricas de cálcio, fósforo e sódio.
{"title":"Hematologia e bioquímica sérica de frangos de corte suplementados com sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina na ração","authors":"Julyana Machado da Silva Martins, Lindolfo Dorcino dos Santos Neto, Genilson Bezerra de Carvalho, F. V. Castejon, Evelyn de Oliveira, S. Sgavioli, D. Martins, M. B. Café","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p393","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivou-se avaliar a hematologia e a bioquímica sérica de frangos de corte suplementados com sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina na ração. Foi conduzido um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (três níveis de sulfato de condroitina: 0; 0,05 e 0,10%; e três níveis de sulfato de glucosamina: 0; 0,15 e 0,30%), cada tratamento com seis repetições de 30 aves. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de hematologia (hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, proteínas plasmáticas totais [PPT], trombócitos, leucócitos, eosinófilos, monócitos, heterofilos e linfócitos) e bioquímica sérica (proteínas séricas totais [PST], albumina, globulinas, aspartato aminotransferase [AST], gama glutamiltransferase [GGT], fosfatase alcalina [FA], cálcio total, cálcio iônico, fósforo, sódio, potássio e cloretos) aos 21 e 42 dias. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Quando as médias diferiram significativamente pelo teste F, a análise ortogonal foi realizada para testar os efeitos lineares e quadráticos dos níveis dos sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina. Observou-se efeito linear decrescente (p = 0,0399) do sulfato de glucosamina na quantidade de monócitos aos 42 dias. Houve interação dos sulfatos para leucócitos totais (p = 0,0099) e linfócitos (p = 0,0004) aos 21 dias. Frangos suplementados com 0,10% de sulfato de condroitina mostraram um aumento linear dos leucócitos (p = 0,0287) e dos linfócitos (p = 0,0144) com a inclusão de sulfato de glucosamina. A suplementação com sulfato de condroitina aumentou linearmente (p = 0,0099) a albumina sérica e afetou de forma quadrática (p = 0,0140) as PST aos 21 dias. O sulfato de glucosamina demonstrou um efeito quadrático (p < 0,05) sobre a albumina aos 42 dias, o menor valor foi encontrado para a inclusão de 0,06%, respectivamente. O sulfato de glucosamina reduziu linearmente (p = 0,0237) os cloretos aos 21 dias e aumentou linearmente (p = 0,0012) o cálcio total aos 42 dias. Verificouse interação (p < 0,05) dos sulfatos para cálcio total aos 21 dias, cálcio iônico aos 21 e 42 dias e para fósforo, cloretos e sódio aos 42 dias. A suplementação com os sulfatos de condroitina e de glucosamina na ração de frangos de corte favoreceram o sistema imune e o metabolismo de minerais, com aumento nas concentrações séricas de cálcio, fósforo e sódio.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42672951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p375
Vitor Correa Santos, C. Chaves, K. Ribeiro, O. Pereira, P. Cecon, C. A. M. Gomide
The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenic, structural, and chemical characteristics of Brachiaria grass (Urochloa decumbens) intercropped with forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) under three-row spacings (40, 50, and 60 cm) and two post-grazing residual heights (5 and 15 cm). The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with a factorial scheme (3 x 2) with four replicates. The structural and morphogenic characteristics were considered in a factorial scheme (3 × 2) + 1 (an additional treatment of Brachiaria grass in monoculture). Chemical characteristics sampled by cutting and by hand plucking were evaluated. Brachiaria grass had the highest crude protein (CP) content at 5 cm, whereas forage peanut had the highest CP content at 15 cm in the first year, however, there was no difference in the second year. Compared to monoculture, intercropping resulted in lower final stem size, a greater number of live leaves, and increases in the following metrics: leaf elongation rate, final leaf size, and leaf life duration, most consistently with 5 cm residual height in the second year. The forage peanut improved the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Brachiaria grass primarily when managed at 5 cm post-grazing height, regardless of row spacing.
{"title":"Morphogenic, structural, and chemical characteristics of Brachiaria grass (Urochloa decumbens Stapf.) pastures in monoculture and intercropped with forage peanut under two grazing intensities","authors":"Vitor Correa Santos, C. Chaves, K. Ribeiro, O. Pereira, P. Cecon, C. A. M. Gomide","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p375","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenic, structural, and chemical characteristics of Brachiaria grass (Urochloa decumbens) intercropped with forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) under three-row spacings (40, 50, and 60 cm) and two post-grazing residual heights (5 and 15 cm). The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with a factorial scheme (3 x 2) with four replicates. The structural and morphogenic characteristics were considered in a factorial scheme (3 × 2) + 1 (an additional treatment of Brachiaria grass in monoculture). Chemical characteristics sampled by cutting and by hand plucking were evaluated. Brachiaria grass had the highest crude protein (CP) content at 5 cm, whereas forage peanut had the highest CP content at 15 cm in the first year, however, there was no difference in the second year. Compared to monoculture, intercropping resulted in lower final stem size, a greater number of live leaves, and increases in the following metrics: leaf elongation rate, final leaf size, and leaf life duration, most consistently with 5 cm residual height in the second year. The forage peanut improved the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Brachiaria grass primarily when managed at 5 cm post-grazing height, regardless of row spacing.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43405964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p359
E. Santos, Guilherme José Bolzani de Campos Ferreira, Leonardo Atta Farias, Regina Fialho de Sousa, D. Biagiotti, João Batista Lopes, Roseane Madeira Bezerra, Reinaldo Kanji Kato, L. Dourado
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação da enzima β-mananase com e sem levedura de cana de açúcar (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) para frangos de corte 1 a 21 dias de idade. Utilizou-se 720 pintos de corte de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e, seis repetições de 20 aves cada. Os tratamentos foram: Dieta basal (DB); DB + β-mananase (100 g/t); DB + 7% de levedura de cana-de-açúcar (DL); DL + β-mananase (80 g/t); DL + β-mananase (100 g/t); DL + β-mananase (120 g/t). Avaliou-se o desempenho zootécnico na fase pré-inicial (1 a 7) e na fase inicial (1 a 21 dias de idade), a morfometria do intestino delgado (duodeno, jejuno e íleo) e, a viabilidade econômica da ração. Os dados foram submetidos à análise da variância do programa SAS e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Student Newmann Keuls (SNK). Na fase pré-inicial, os tratamentos com DL + β-mananase (80, 100 e 120 g/t) apresentaram as melhores médias de conversão alimentar. Na fase inicial, aos frangos que consumiram à dieta basal (DB) e DB + β-mananase apresentaram peso médio, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar melhores. Para a morfometria intestinal, criptas ileais mais rasas foram observadas no tratamento com DL+ β-mananase (120 g/t) em relação a dieta basal e vilos ileais mais largos foram observados no tratamento com DL+ β-mananase (100 g/t) em relação a dieta com DL+ β-mananase (80 g/t). A espessura da parede muscular, no duodeno, foi menor nos frangos que consumiram a DB em relação a DB + β-mananase (100 g/t), no jejuno, foi maior na DL e na suplementação com 100 g/t em relação a 80 e 120 g/t e no íleo, foi maior nas dietas com suplementação de β-mananase em relação a DB e DL. Para a viabilidade econômica, a adição de 7% de levedura de cana-de-açúcar, com ou sem enzima proporcionaram aumento do custo médio de ração e índice de custo, e redução do índice de eficiência econômica. Com base nos resultados zootécnicos recomenda-se DL + β-mananase (120g/t) para a fase pré-inicial e inicial. Contudo, o uso de levedura de cana-de-açúcar com e sem suplementação da enzima β-mananase não é economicamente viável no período de 1 a 21 dias.
{"title":"Levedura de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) e enzima β-mananase em dietas para frangos de corte","authors":"E. Santos, Guilherme José Bolzani de Campos Ferreira, Leonardo Atta Farias, Regina Fialho de Sousa, D. Biagiotti, João Batista Lopes, Roseane Madeira Bezerra, Reinaldo Kanji Kato, L. Dourado","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p359","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação da enzima β-mananase com e sem levedura de cana de açúcar (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) para frangos de corte 1 a 21 dias de idade. Utilizou-se 720 pintos de corte de um dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e, seis repetições de 20 aves cada. Os tratamentos foram: Dieta basal (DB); DB + β-mananase (100 g/t); DB + 7% de levedura de cana-de-açúcar (DL); DL + β-mananase (80 g/t); DL + β-mananase (100 g/t); DL + β-mananase (120 g/t). Avaliou-se o desempenho zootécnico na fase pré-inicial (1 a 7) e na fase inicial (1 a 21 dias de idade), a morfometria do intestino delgado (duodeno, jejuno e íleo) e, a viabilidade econômica da ração. Os dados foram submetidos à análise da variância do programa SAS e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Student Newmann Keuls (SNK). Na fase pré-inicial, os tratamentos com DL + β-mananase (80, 100 e 120 g/t) apresentaram as melhores médias de conversão alimentar. Na fase inicial, aos frangos que consumiram à dieta basal (DB) e DB + β-mananase apresentaram peso médio, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar melhores. Para a morfometria intestinal, criptas ileais mais rasas foram observadas no tratamento com DL+ β-mananase (120 g/t) em relação a dieta basal e vilos ileais mais largos foram observados no tratamento com DL+ β-mananase (100 g/t) em relação a dieta com DL+ β-mananase (80 g/t). A espessura da parede muscular, no duodeno, foi menor nos frangos que consumiram a DB em relação a DB + β-mananase (100 g/t), no jejuno, foi maior na DL e na suplementação com 100 g/t em relação a 80 e 120 g/t e no íleo, foi maior nas dietas com suplementação de β-mananase em relação a DB e DL. Para a viabilidade econômica, a adição de 7% de levedura de cana-de-açúcar, com ou sem enzima proporcionaram aumento do custo médio de ração e índice de custo, e redução do índice de eficiência econômica. Com base nos resultados zootécnicos recomenda-se DL + β-mananase (120g/t) para a fase pré-inicial e inicial. Contudo, o uso de levedura de cana-de-açúcar com e sem suplementação da enzima β-mananase não é economicamente viável no período de 1 a 21 dias.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48707945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p343
Caio Abércio da Silva, André Maurício Buzato, Gabriela Souza Romano, C. P. Dias, K. L. Souza, M. Callegari, R. H. Carvalho
Marbofloxacin is one of the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of pigs with clinical manifestations of respiratory disease. Some commercial products on the market contain this active ingredient, and the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 available marbofloxacin-based products based on the SISAAB (single injection and short-term antibiotic) concept with regard to the performance and health parameters of pigs in the nursery, growth and termination phases with clinical manifestations of respiratory disease (RD). A total of 78 animals with clinical manifestations of RD from a total of 1726 pigs were used. The animals that had RD symptoms were weighed, identified and randomly subjected to 3 treatments: T1 - Forcyl® (n = 27); T2 - Marbox® (n = 25); T3 - Resolutor® (n = 26). All treatments corresponded to a single intramuscular dose of 8 mg of marbofloxacin per kg of live weight. After treatment, clinical signs of cough and depression, water consumption, rectal temperature, performance parameters, lung lesions and the pneumonia index of the animals were evaluated. The animals that received T1 and T3 maintained a mean rectal temperature of 39.38 °C 2 days after administration. In contrast, animals in the group that received T2 had significantly higher temperatures (p = 0.068) in this period (39.53 °C). There was a greater decrease in temperature (p = 0.042) in the 24 hours after drug administration in animals that received T1 (-0.573 °C). Regarding the other performance parameters, clinical signs of cough and depression, water consumption, lung injury and the pneumonia index, no differences were observed between the marbofloxacin-based products evaluated (p > 0.05). All marbofloxacin-based products were effective in reducing the clinical signs of RD and promoting animal performance and health. However, T1 was more effective in reducing the rectal temperature of the animals.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of different marbofloxacin-based products in pigs at the nursery, growth and finish phases with clinical signs of respiratory disease","authors":"Caio Abércio da Silva, André Maurício Buzato, Gabriela Souza Romano, C. P. Dias, K. L. Souza, M. Callegari, R. H. Carvalho","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p343","url":null,"abstract":"Marbofloxacin is one of the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of pigs with clinical manifestations of respiratory disease. Some commercial products on the market contain this active ingredient, and the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 available marbofloxacin-based products based on the SISAAB (single injection and short-term antibiotic) concept with regard to the performance and health parameters of pigs in the nursery, growth and termination phases with clinical manifestations of respiratory disease (RD). A total of 78 animals with clinical manifestations of RD from a total of 1726 pigs were used. The animals that had RD symptoms were weighed, identified and randomly subjected to 3 treatments: T1 - Forcyl® (n = 27); T2 - Marbox® (n = 25); T3 - Resolutor® (n = 26). All treatments corresponded to a single intramuscular dose of 8 mg of marbofloxacin per kg of live weight. After treatment, clinical signs of cough and depression, water consumption, rectal temperature, performance parameters, lung lesions and the pneumonia index of the animals were evaluated. The animals that received T1 and T3 maintained a mean rectal temperature of 39.38 °C 2 days after administration. In contrast, animals in the group that received T2 had significantly higher temperatures (p = 0.068) in this period (39.53 °C). There was a greater decrease in temperature (p = 0.042) in the 24 hours after drug administration in animals that received T1 (-0.573 °C). Regarding the other performance parameters, clinical signs of cough and depression, water consumption, lung injury and the pneumonia index, no differences were observed between the marbofloxacin-based products evaluated (p > 0.05). All marbofloxacin-based products were effective in reducing the clinical signs of RD and promoting animal performance and health. However, T1 was more effective in reducing the rectal temperature of the animals.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43659039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p317
Vinicius Cappellaro, B. Matzembacker, Maysa Bigolin Chitolina, Cintia Raquel Knorst, L. K. Girardini, A. Prestes, A. P. G. Mortari, F. Fernandes, F. F. Vogel, G. Camillo
Cryptosporidium protozoa genus are parasites that cause acute enteric disease in young and immunocompromised animals, resulting in anorexia, loss and decrease in weight gain, and, in severe cases, death. Therefore, this study aimed: i) to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves with clinical diarrhea in different regions of Santa Catarina, Brazil; ii) to evaluate the risk factors involved with the frequency of infection. iii) to determine the species most involved with the disease in the region. For this, 425 samples were collected in 141 dairy farms, from animals with ages ranging from 0 to 150 days. For this purpose, the samples were submitted to the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique, with molecular analysis of the positive samples being performed. It was observed 62.1% occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in this sampling, especially between 8 to 15 days. Regarding the risk factors evaluated, such as age, management, facilities, water source and Koppen climate (CFA and CFB), none showed statistical significance. Samples positive by the Ziehl-Neelsen technique (32 samples) were randomly selected for molecular diagnosis. Of these, 10 were sequenced, allowing the identification of Crypstosporidium parvum in 6 samples. However, this study proves the existence and high occurrence of the protozoan in different regions of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
{"title":"Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheal bovine dairy calves: occurrence and risk factors in Santa Catarina, Brazil","authors":"Vinicius Cappellaro, B. Matzembacker, Maysa Bigolin Chitolina, Cintia Raquel Knorst, L. K. Girardini, A. Prestes, A. P. G. Mortari, F. Fernandes, F. F. Vogel, G. Camillo","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p317","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidium protozoa genus are parasites that cause acute enteric disease in young and immunocompromised animals, resulting in anorexia, loss and decrease in weight gain, and, in severe cases, death. Therefore, this study aimed: i) to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves with clinical diarrhea in different regions of Santa Catarina, Brazil; ii) to evaluate the risk factors involved with the frequency of infection. iii) to determine the species most involved with the disease in the region. For this, 425 samples were collected in 141 dairy farms, from animals with ages ranging from 0 to 150 days. For this purpose, the samples were submitted to the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique, with molecular analysis of the positive samples being performed. It was observed 62.1% occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in this sampling, especially between 8 to 15 days. Regarding the risk factors evaluated, such as age, management, facilities, water source and Koppen climate (CFA and CFB), none showed statistical significance. Samples positive by the Ziehl-Neelsen technique (32 samples) were randomly selected for molecular diagnosis. Of these, 10 were sequenced, allowing the identification of Crypstosporidium parvum in 6 samples. However, this study proves the existence and high occurrence of the protozoan in different regions of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42451863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p257
Lídio Ricardo Bezerra Melo, Luana Carneiro de Sousa, C. M. Oliveira, B. A. Lima, Ana Luzia Peixoto Silva, Estefany Ferreira Lima, T. Feitosa, V. Vilela
The aim of the present study was to carry out an epidemiological survey on gastrointestinal infections by nematodes and coccidia in cattle herds in the semiarid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. A total of 832 cattle were sampled, of both sexes and different ages, on 21 farms in 21 municipalities in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Fecal samples were collected individually to perform eggs per gram (EPG) and oocysts per gram (OoPG) counts in feces, and to perform fecal cultures. To assess factors associated with nematode and coccidia infections, epidemiological survey forms were applied to the farmers. The total frequency of infections by nematodes was 59.6% (496/832) and it was 36.9% (307/832) for coccidia. The levels of infection by nematodes and coccidia were most frequently low (EPG < 300; OoPG < 1,000), in 72.4% (359/496) and 75.2% (231/307), respectively. The most frequent nematode genera was Haemonchus spp. (78.8%). The risk factors for nematode infections in cattle were beef production trait (odds ratio = 2.99) and extensive rearing system (odds ratio = 3.8); the factors for coccidia were age ≤ 12 months (odds ratio = 2.9) and body score between 1 and 2 (odds ratio = 5.2). These results prove that there are high frequencies of gastrointestinal infections by nematodes and coccidia in cattle herds in the semiarid region of Paraíba, with predominantly low levels of infection. However, given the importance of subclinical infections, adjustments to sanitary management measures can contribute to reduction of parasite indices and better performance among the animals, thus generating greater profitability for farmers.
{"title":"Epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal infections by gastrointestinal nematodes and coccidia in cattle in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil","authors":"Lídio Ricardo Bezerra Melo, Luana Carneiro de Sousa, C. M. Oliveira, B. A. Lima, Ana Luzia Peixoto Silva, Estefany Ferreira Lima, T. Feitosa, V. Vilela","doi":"10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n1p257","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to carry out an epidemiological survey on gastrointestinal infections by nematodes and coccidia in cattle herds in the semiarid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. A total of 832 cattle were sampled, of both sexes and different ages, on 21 farms in 21 municipalities in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Fecal samples were collected individually to perform eggs per gram (EPG) and oocysts per gram (OoPG) counts in feces, and to perform fecal cultures. To assess factors associated with nematode and coccidia infections, epidemiological survey forms were applied to the farmers. The total frequency of infections by nematodes was 59.6% (496/832) and it was 36.9% (307/832) for coccidia. The levels of infection by nematodes and coccidia were most frequently low (EPG < 300; OoPG < 1,000), in 72.4% (359/496) and 75.2% (231/307), respectively. The most frequent nematode genera was Haemonchus spp. (78.8%). The risk factors for nematode infections in cattle were beef production trait (odds ratio = 2.99) and extensive rearing system (odds ratio = 3.8); the factors for coccidia were age ≤ 12 months (odds ratio = 2.9) and body score between 1 and 2 (odds ratio = 5.2). These results prove that there are high frequencies of gastrointestinal infections by nematodes and coccidia in cattle herds in the semiarid region of Paraíba, with predominantly low levels of infection. However, given the importance of subclinical infections, adjustments to sanitary management measures can contribute to reduction of parasite indices and better performance among the animals, thus generating greater profitability for farmers.","PeriodicalId":21663,"journal":{"name":"Semina-ciencias Agrarias","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46923421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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