Between 1969 and 1970, the first international retrospective devoted to Constantin Brancusi was hosted by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago and Gemeentemuseum den Haag. In 1970 the first retrospective of Brancusi’s work in his native Romania was held at Muzeul de Artă R.S.R., Bucharest. This article establishes for the first time that these exhibitions were part of a single project, facilitated by an unprecedented exchange of loans between American museums and the institutions of a socialist republic. Based on extensive archival research, the article details the conflicting interests of the scholars, curators and state officials involved in the project, the geopolitical moment that made it possible, and the ideological contest over the meanings and values represented by Brancusi’s sculpture that lay at its very core. In particular, it brings to light the compromised position occupied by the exhibition’s curator, the American Brancusi scholar Sidney Geist, and the research he conducted in Romania in the mid-1960s; the diplomatic efforts of the Guggenheim’s director Thomas M. Messer, working in concert with members of the US State Department; and the peculiar status of Brancusi as a cultural figure under Nicolae Ceauşescu.
1969年至1970年间，纽约所罗门·R·古根海姆博物馆、费城艺术博物馆、芝加哥艺术学院和哈格美术馆举办了第一届康斯坦丁·布兰库西国际回顾展。1970年，Brancusi在其祖国罗马尼亚的第一次作品回顾展在布加勒斯特的Muzeul de ArtăR.s.R.举行。这篇文章首次证明，这些展览是一个单一项目的一部分，这得益于美国博物馆和社会主义共和国机构之间前所未有的贷款交换。基于广泛的档案研究，这篇文章详细描述了参与该项目的学者、策展人和国家官员之间的利益冲突，使其成为可能的地缘政治时刻，以及围绕布兰库西雕塑所代表的意义和价值观的意识形态之争。特别是，它揭示了展览策展人、美国布兰库西学者西德尼·盖斯特所占据的妥协立场，以及他20世纪60年代中期在罗马尼亚进行的研究；古根海姆博物馆馆长托马斯·M·梅塞尔与美国国务院成员合作的外交努力；以及布兰库西作为尼古拉·齐奥塞斯库领导下的文化人物的特殊地位。
{"title":"Brancusi, Romania and the United States: a love story in the summer of ’69","authors":"J. Vernon","doi":"10.3828/sj.2022.31.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2022.31.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Between 1969 and 1970, the first international retrospective devoted to Constantin Brancusi was hosted by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago and Gemeentemuseum den Haag. In 1970 the first retrospective of Brancusi’s work in his native Romania was held at Muzeul de Artă R.S.R., Bucharest. This article establishes for the first time that these exhibitions were part of a single project, facilitated by an unprecedented exchange of loans between American museums and the institutions of a socialist republic. Based on extensive archival research, the article details the conflicting interests of the scholars, curators and state officials involved in the project, the geopolitical moment that made it possible, and the ideological contest over the meanings and values represented by Brancusi’s sculpture that lay at its very core. In particular, it brings to light the compromised position occupied by the exhibition’s curator, the American Brancusi scholar Sidney Geist, and the research he conducted in Romania in the mid-1960s; the diplomatic efforts of the Guggenheim’s director Thomas M. Messer, working in concert with members of the US State Department; and the peculiar status of Brancusi as a cultural figure under Nicolae Ceauşescu.","PeriodicalId":21666,"journal":{"name":"Sculpture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45021157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"E. Marchand, E. Foster, T. Kittler, Emma M. Payne","doi":"10.3828/sj.2022.31.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2022.31.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21666,"journal":{"name":"Sculpture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42854163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Known only through published and archival documents, John McHale’s Constructivist Kit series (1954) captures the artist’s conceptual concerns in the mid-1950s with the creative potential of the machine, the supposedly democratizing value of mass production, and the need for British society to acclimatize to the materials and systems of the post Second World War environment. In requiring audience participation, the do-it-yourself artworks undermined conventional viewing practices and challenged the hegemony of visual perception, tapping in to discourses coming out of sculptural aesthetics about haptic and visual modes of engagement and the educational function of art.
{"title":"John McHale’s participatory art: the Constructivist Kit series","authors":"Rachel Stratton","doi":"10.3828/sj.2022.31.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2022.31.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Known only through published and archival documents, John McHale’s Constructivist Kit series (1954) captures the artist’s conceptual concerns in the mid-1950s with the creative potential of the machine, the supposedly democratizing value of mass production, and the need for British society to acclimatize to the materials and systems of the post Second World War environment. In requiring audience participation, the do-it-yourself artworks undermined conventional viewing practices and challenged the hegemony of visual perception, tapping in to discourses coming out of sculptural aesthetics about haptic and visual modes of engagement and the educational function of art.","PeriodicalId":21666,"journal":{"name":"Sculpture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49604826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The monuments in St Paul’s Cathedral, nearly three hundred objects, include large-scale marble and bronze sculptures as well as works of humbler design and/or materials. Much of the scholarship devoted to these memorials centres on impressive monuments by famous sculptors that venerate high-ranking military heroes as well as significant political and cultural figures. In contrast, this article investigates the monument to Men Murdered in the Sinai Desert (1883), a brass panel by the London-based firm Hart, Son, Peard & Co., to call attention to this understudied genre of monuments in the cathedral. Known at the time as the Palmer Expedition, the events commemorated by the panel seized the public imagination as a precursor of Major General Charles Gordon’s fall at Khartoum in 1885. Resurrecting a long-forgotten story through archival sources and press accounts, this article sheds light on a hitherto overlooked work concerned with British involvement in the Middle East, specifically Egypt and Sudan. The panel thus serves as a lens to reveal the significance of Orientalist visual culture in St Paul’s pantheon. The analysis of this panel, which is dedicated to spies rather than soldiers, aims to reshape our understanding of the way the monuments in St Paul’s memorialize different types of service and project notions of valour.
{"title":"The monument to Men Murdered in the Sinai Desert: empire and Orientalism in St Paul’s Cathedral","authors":"M. Hewitson","doi":"10.3828/sj.2022.31.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2022.31.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The monuments in St Paul’s Cathedral, nearly three hundred objects, include large-scale marble and bronze sculptures as well as works of humbler design and/or materials. Much of the scholarship devoted to these memorials centres on impressive monuments by famous sculptors that venerate high-ranking military heroes as well as significant political and cultural figures. In contrast, this article investigates the monument to Men Murdered in the Sinai Desert (1883), a brass panel by the London-based firm Hart, Son, Peard & Co., to call attention to this understudied genre of monuments in the cathedral. Known at the time as the Palmer Expedition, the events commemorated by the panel seized the public imagination as a precursor of Major General Charles Gordon’s fall at Khartoum in 1885. Resurrecting a long-forgotten story through archival sources and press accounts, this article sheds light on a hitherto overlooked work concerned with British involvement in the Middle East, specifically Egypt and Sudan. The panel thus serves as a lens to reveal the significance of Orientalist visual culture in St Paul’s pantheon. The analysis of this panel, which is dedicated to spies rather than soldiers, aims to reshape our understanding of the way the monuments in St Paul’s memorialize different types of service and project notions of valour.","PeriodicalId":21666,"journal":{"name":"Sculpture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47094976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although one of the most celebrated sculptors of the nineteenth century, little is known about Bertel Thorvaldsen’s relationship with the white marble he sculpted from. Today, scholars generally accept that Thorvaldsen knew how to sculpt in marble; however, for many years - including during his own lifetime - people regarded his investment in the white stone as somewhat detached. Taking the debate around Thorvaldsen’s marble-carving skills as a point of departure, this article analyses the evidence at hand: the marble sculptures themselves as preserved in the Thorvaldsen Museum in Copenhagen. Exploring the preserved surface textures on selected marble works, this article argues that Thorvaldsen engaged and experimented with different types of textural effects and marble types, revealing a yet unseen sensitivity towards the historic and symbolic significance layered in the stones themselves.
{"title":"Thorvaldsen’s marble connections","authors":"A. Skovmøller","doi":"10.3828/sj.2021.30.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2021.30.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Although one of the most celebrated sculptors of the nineteenth century, little is known about Bertel Thorvaldsen’s relationship with the white marble he sculpted from. Today, scholars generally accept that Thorvaldsen knew how to sculpt in marble; however, for many years - including during his own lifetime - people regarded his investment in the white stone as somewhat detached. Taking the debate around Thorvaldsen’s marble-carving skills as a point of departure, this article analyses the evidence at hand: the marble sculptures themselves as preserved in the Thorvaldsen Museum in Copenhagen. Exploring the preserved surface textures on selected marble works, this article argues that Thorvaldsen engaged and experimented with different types of textural effects and marble types, revealing a yet unseen sensitivity towards the historic and symbolic significance layered in the stones themselves.","PeriodicalId":21666,"journal":{"name":"Sculpture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46247135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reports on findings concerning the use and understanding of marble in the eighteenth century, as uncovered by a team of geologists and conservators at the Department of Engineering Technology at the Technical University of Munich. While researching a group of marble objects in Bayreuth in order to devise suitable conservation methods, it became apparent that the eighteenth-century understanding of ‘marble’ was different to how we define the stone today. This earlier definition of marble was based on colour, pattern and the ability to shine when polished. However, by the end of the eighteenth century, there was a shift to a focus on the different grain sizes of the stones, while the previously defining quality of colour became less important. Such developments advanced towards the recognition of limestone and marble as two different types, enabling the distinction between sedimentary limestone and its metamorphic product marble to be drawn in the first half of the nineteenth century. At the same time, the exploration of local sources caused the exclusivity of marble to dwindle. Once a building and decorative material for the elite, it now became more widely available. Marble was still the material of sovereigns - proudly presented as locally found - but it simultaneously became accessible to a wider market for household utensils or collectors’ items. This is demonstrated through the exploration of a range of German sources, including encyclopaedias and lexicons with their inherent aim of accumulating the universal knowledge of their time, a ‘marble’ compendium, and a description of the prison and workhouse in St Georgen in Bayreuth, which had marble works on its premises.
{"title":"The term ‘marble’ in eighteenth-century encyclopaedic literature: from colourful and exclusive to grainy and popular","authors":"Margreta Sonnenwald","doi":"10.3828/sj.2021.30.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2021.30.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article reports on findings concerning the use and understanding of marble in the eighteenth century, as uncovered by a team of geologists and conservators at the Department of Engineering Technology at the Technical University of Munich. While researching a group of marble objects in Bayreuth in order to devise suitable conservation methods, it became apparent that the eighteenth-century understanding of ‘marble’ was different to how we define the stone today. This earlier definition of marble was based on colour, pattern and the ability to shine when polished. However, by the end of the eighteenth century, there was a shift to a focus on the different grain sizes of the stones, while the previously defining quality of colour became less important. Such developments advanced towards the recognition of limestone and marble as two different types, enabling the distinction between sedimentary limestone and its metamorphic product marble to be drawn in the first half of the nineteenth century. At the same time, the exploration of local sources caused the exclusivity of marble to dwindle. Once a building and decorative material for the elite, it now became more widely available. Marble was still the material of sovereigns - proudly presented as locally found - but it simultaneously became accessible to a wider market for household utensils or collectors’ items. This is demonstrated through the exploration of a range of German sources, including encyclopaedias and lexicons with their inherent aim of accumulating the universal knowledge of their time, a ‘marble’ compendium, and a description of the prison and workhouse in St Georgen in Bayreuth, which had marble works on its premises.","PeriodicalId":21666,"journal":{"name":"Sculpture Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41475630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses Lasa marble, a bright, white and weather-resistant stone quarried in South Tyrol, which in the course of the nineteenth century came to be considered equal, and even superior, to Carrara marble. Because of its quality, Lasa marble has been and continues to be exported worldwide. The article considers the ‘new Carrara’ in light of three art-historical topics: its rediscovery against the background of the intertwining of the young disciplines of geology and art history in the nineteenth century; its use and semantic quality in the context of the new buildings along the Ringstrasse in Vienna; and finally, the various projects for the establishment of artists’ colonies at the quarries of Laas, the declared objectives of which were rooted between monastic harmony and tourism-oriented calculation.
{"title":"‘New Carrara’: Lasa marble in the service of artistic ideas and economic interests during the long nineteenth century","authors":"Ingeborg Schemper-Sparholz, Caroline Mang","doi":"10.3828/sj.2021.30.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/sj.2021.30.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article discusses Lasa marble, a bright, white and weather-resistant stone quarried in South Tyrol, which in the course of the nineteenth century came to be considered equal, and even superior, to Carrara marble. Because of its quality, Lasa marble has been and continues to be exported worldwide. The article considers the ‘new Carrara’ in light of three art-historical topics: its rediscovery against the background of the intertwining of the young disciplines of geology and art history in the nineteenth century; its use and semantic quality in the context of the new buildings along the Ringstrasse in Vienna; and finally, the various projects for the establishment of artists’ colonies at the quarries of Laas, the declared objectives of which were rooted between monastic harmony and tourism-oriented calculation.","PeriodicalId":21666,"journal":{"name":"Sculpture Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45018301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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