One of the most important breeding methods in cattle breeding is the determination of genetic similarity in productive traits of female ancestors and their descendants. In view of the above, the aim of the study was to determine the variability of cow milk production traits depending on the productivity of their mothers and fathers' mothers. The studies were conducted on farms located in different climatic zones of Ukraine, namely: SE DG “Oleksandrivske”, Vinnytsia region (Forest-Steppe zone, n = 714), LLC SHP “Imeni Volovikova”, Rivne region (Polissia zone, n = 1840) and SE “Experimental Farm “Askaniyske” (Steppe zone, n = 926) on firstborn and full-grown cows (III lactation) of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The sample included cows that had completed at least the third lactation at the time of the study. It was found that the most productive cows in the controlled herds were those whose mothers' milk yields for the highest lactation reached more than 8000 kg, and the mothers' milk yields of the fathers, depending on the breeding zone, ranged from 9000 to 15000 kg. A certain influence of mothers on the value of indicators of cows' milk production traits is evidenced by correlation analysis. Thus, a rather significant straightforward and reliable relationship was established between the milk yield of mothers and their daughters in the controlled farms, and between the milk yield of mothers and the fat content of daughters, this relationship was inverse, but reliable. The correlation between maternal fat and milk yield and fat and milk yield of daughters was multidirectional and insignificant. The coefficient of heritability, which was determined by doubling the mother-daughter correlation, ranged from 0.47 to 0.59 for milk yield, from 0.30 to 0.55 for milk fat yield, and from incorrect (negative) in animals from the Steppe zone (-0.27) to positive (0.18) in animals from the Polissya zone. The analysis of variance confirmed a certain predetermination of phenotypic variability of quantitative traits of milk production depending on the productivity of mothers and mothers of fathers established by the comparison of group means. Thus, their mothers had a somewhat greater, although not significant, influence on milk yield (depending on the farm and lactation – 3.8–6.9 %) and fat content in cows' milk (4.2–6.6 %), and their fathers' mothers had a somewhat lesser influence (2.1–4.2 and 2.0–4.5 %, respectively).
{"title":"Manifestation of signs of milk productivity of firstborn cows depending on the productivity of their female ancestors","authors":"І. V. Shpyt, V. Fedorovych, Y. Fedorovych","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9935","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important breeding methods in cattle breeding is the determination of genetic similarity in productive traits of female ancestors and their descendants. In view of the above, the aim of the study was to determine the variability of cow milk production traits depending on the productivity of their mothers and fathers' mothers. The studies were conducted on farms located in different climatic zones of Ukraine, namely: SE DG “Oleksandrivske”, Vinnytsia region (Forest-Steppe zone, n = 714), LLC SHP “Imeni Volovikova”, Rivne region (Polissia zone, n = 1840) and SE “Experimental Farm “Askaniyske” (Steppe zone, n = 926) on firstborn and full-grown cows (III lactation) of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The sample included cows that had completed at least the third lactation at the time of the study. It was found that the most productive cows in the controlled herds were those whose mothers' milk yields for the highest lactation reached more than 8000 kg, and the mothers' milk yields of the fathers, depending on the breeding zone, ranged from 9000 to 15000 kg. A certain influence of mothers on the value of indicators of cows' milk production traits is evidenced by correlation analysis. Thus, a rather significant straightforward and reliable relationship was established between the milk yield of mothers and their daughters in the controlled farms, and between the milk yield of mothers and the fat content of daughters, this relationship was inverse, but reliable. The correlation between maternal fat and milk yield and fat and milk yield of daughters was multidirectional and insignificant. The coefficient of heritability, which was determined by doubling the mother-daughter correlation, ranged from 0.47 to 0.59 for milk yield, from 0.30 to 0.55 for milk fat yield, and from incorrect (negative) in animals from the Steppe zone (-0.27) to positive (0.18) in animals from the Polissya zone. The analysis of variance confirmed a certain predetermination of phenotypic variability of quantitative traits of milk production depending on the productivity of mothers and mothers of fathers established by the comparison of group means. Thus, their mothers had a somewhat greater, although not significant, influence on milk yield (depending on the farm and lactation – 3.8–6.9 %) and fat content in cows' milk (4.2–6.6 %), and their fathers' mothers had a somewhat lesser influence (2.1–4.2 and 2.0–4.5 %, respectively).","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studying the influence of various sources of Copper, namely its inorganic and organic form, on the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in the organism of broiler chickens is actual. The purpose of the work: in a physiological (exchange) research conducted against the background of a scientific and economic experiment in the conditions of the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agricultural University on 3 groups (50 heads each) of broiler chickens of the “Cobb-500” cross, to investigate the influence of inorganic and organic forms of Cuprum on the digestibility of nutrients, Nitrogen balance and poultry productivity. The first control group received cuprum sulfate, on average during the growing period 16.5 g/t of compound feed, the second and the third - experimental groups, which received 16.5 g/t and 12.5 g/t of cuprum proteinate compound feed, accordingly. According to the digestibility of raw protein, the broilers of the research groups exceeded the control analogues by 4.5–6.2 % (Р ≤ 0.05), crude fat – 3.1–4.3 % (Р ≤ 0.05), crude fiber – 3.5–4.4 % (Р ≤ 0.01) and BER nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2.2–6.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05). Nitrogen balance was positive in all experimental groups, but in broiler chickens of groups 2 and 3, compared to the control, its daily deposits were higher by 3.5–6.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05). Improvement of digestibility of nutrients and Nitrogen balance due to the use of cuprum proteinate caused an increase in the preservation of poultry stock in the experimental groups by 5.6–7.2 %. The replacement of copper sulfate with its proteinate, at the same concentration of the trace element in compound feed, had a positive influence on the average daily increments of broiler chickens and, accordingly, on their live weight. The advantage of the chickens of the 2nd experimental group over the control analogues was 7.5 % in terms of average daily gains and 9.4 % in terms of body weight at the end of the experiment. A decrease of 25 % compared to the control in the concentration of Copper in the compound feed of the chickens of the third experimental group also had a positive influence on the productivity of the poultry. Their advantage over control analogues in average daily body weight gain was 3.8 %, and in live weight – 5.8 %. A linear dependence of the productivity of broiler chickens on the amount of feed consumed was noted. Compared to the control analogues, the broilers of the 2nd experimental group consumed 3.3 % more feed, and the chickens of the 3rd experimental group exceeded the poultry of the control group by 1.5 %. Thus, compared to cuprum sulfate, cuprum proteinate is a more effective source of trace elements in compound feed for broiler chickens. At the same time, the concentration of Copper in poultry compound feed should be: at the age of 5–21 days – 18.2 g/t, 22–35 days – 16.8 g/t, 36–42 days – 12 g/t, or 16.5 g/t on average over the period of the experiment.
{"title":"Feed digestibility, Nitrogen balance and productivity of broiler chickens with different sources of Copper in their compound feed","authors":"B. S. Bomko, M. S. Zakharchuk","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9923","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the influence of various sources of Copper, namely its inorganic and organic form, on the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in the organism of broiler chickens is actual. The purpose of the work: in a physiological (exchange) research conducted against the background of a scientific and economic experiment in the conditions of the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agricultural University on 3 groups (50 heads each) of broiler chickens of the “Cobb-500” cross, to investigate the influence of inorganic and organic forms of Cuprum on the digestibility of nutrients, Nitrogen balance and poultry productivity. The first control group received cuprum sulfate, on average during the growing period 16.5 g/t of compound feed, the second and the third - experimental groups, which received 16.5 g/t and 12.5 g/t of cuprum proteinate compound feed, accordingly. According to the digestibility of raw protein, the broilers of the research groups exceeded the control analogues by 4.5–6.2 % (Р ≤ 0.05), crude fat – 3.1–4.3 % (Р ≤ 0.05), crude fiber – 3.5–4.4 % (Р ≤ 0.01) and BER nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2.2–6.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05). Nitrogen balance was positive in all experimental groups, but in broiler chickens of groups 2 and 3, compared to the control, its daily deposits were higher by 3.5–6.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05). Improvement of digestibility of nutrients and Nitrogen balance due to the use of cuprum proteinate caused an increase in the preservation of poultry stock in the experimental groups by 5.6–7.2 %. The replacement of copper sulfate with its proteinate, at the same concentration of the trace element in compound feed, had a positive influence on the average daily increments of broiler chickens and, accordingly, on their live weight. The advantage of the chickens of the 2nd experimental group over the control analogues was 7.5 % in terms of average daily gains and 9.4 % in terms of body weight at the end of the experiment. A decrease of 25 % compared to the control in the concentration of Copper in the compound feed of the chickens of the third experimental group also had a positive influence on the productivity of the poultry. Their advantage over control analogues in average daily body weight gain was 3.8 %, and in live weight – 5.8 %. A linear dependence of the productivity of broiler chickens on the amount of feed consumed was noted. Compared to the control analogues, the broilers of the 2nd experimental group consumed 3.3 % more feed, and the chickens of the 3rd experimental group exceeded the poultry of the control group by 1.5 %. Thus, compared to cuprum sulfate, cuprum proteinate is a more effective source of trace elements in compound feed for broiler chickens. At the same time, the concentration of Copper in poultry compound feed should be: at the age of 5–21 days – 18.2 g/t, 22–35 days – 16.8 g/t, 36–42 days – 12 g/t, or 16.5 g/t on average over the period of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid growth of production volumes of broiler chicken products both in our country and in most countries of the world is combined with an increase in industry waste. A significant percentage of this waste is poultry droppings with litter. In the absence of implemented technologies for rational disposal of broiler chicken droppings, economic and ecological problems arise locally. Considering the above, the search for effective methods of disposal of broiler chicken droppings is of scientific and practical importance. Composting poultry droppings with litter (sawdust of non-coniferous trees) can be an alternative method of rational disposal of this waste. To accelerate the fermentation of broiler litter, there is a practice of using various microbiological preparations. The effectiveness of using a biodestructor containing bacteria: Bacillus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus mycoides during composting of broiler chicken excrement and its effect on the microbiological, chemical and physical parameters of fermented biomass remains unexplored. To conduct an experiment, 30 kg samples were formed from the excrement with the litter taken from the poultry house after broiler chickens had been reared for 42 days. In the control group, excrement samples were treated with water without a biodestructor. In the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd research groups, broiler chicken droppings were moistened with biodestructor solutions providing its doses of 143, 1430, and 2860 mg/t, respectively. Temperature and microbiological indicators were determined in the litter of broiler chickens during composting. In non-fermented litter of broiler chickens and litter composted for 150 days using a biodestructor, the crude protein content, mass fraction of Calcium, total Nitrogen and Phosphorus were determined. It has been established that the introduction of a biodestructor at a dose of 2860 mg/t of manure with a moisture content of 60.0 % leads to an increase in the activity of biochemical processes, which is confirmed by an increase in the temperature of the compost during the first hundred days of fermentation. The higher the dose of biodestructor was added to the litter of broiler chickens, the higher the KMAFAnM indicator and the numbers of Bacillus spp. bacteria in compost were higher. A regularity has been established that with the increase in the amount of biodestructor in the litter of broiler chickens, the number of Staphylococcus and Clostridium bacteria in the latter decreases. The use of a biodestructor at a dose of 2860 mg/t of broiler chicken droppings contributes to the increase of Nitrogen, crude protein, and Phosphorus in the compost and accelerates its mineralization compared to the control.
{"title":"Temperature, microbiological and chemical composition of broiler chickens’ excrement with litter after its composting with different doses of biodestructor","authors":"I. S. Osipenko, S. V. Merzlov","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9916","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of production volumes of broiler chicken products both in our country and in most countries of the world is combined with an increase in industry waste. A significant percentage of this waste is poultry droppings with litter. In the absence of implemented technologies for rational disposal of broiler chicken droppings, economic and ecological problems arise locally. Considering the above, the search for effective methods of disposal of broiler chicken droppings is of scientific and practical importance. Composting poultry droppings with litter (sawdust of non-coniferous trees) can be an alternative method of rational disposal of this waste. To accelerate the fermentation of broiler litter, there is a practice of using various microbiological preparations. The effectiveness of using a biodestructor containing bacteria: Bacillus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus mycoides during composting of broiler chicken excrement and its effect on the microbiological, chemical and physical parameters of fermented biomass remains unexplored. To conduct an experiment, 30 kg samples were formed from the excrement with the litter taken from the poultry house after broiler chickens had been reared for 42 days. In the control group, excrement samples were treated with water without a biodestructor. In the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd research groups, broiler chicken droppings were moistened with biodestructor solutions providing its doses of 143, 1430, and 2860 mg/t, respectively. Temperature and microbiological indicators were determined in the litter of broiler chickens during composting. In non-fermented litter of broiler chickens and litter composted for 150 days using a biodestructor, the crude protein content, mass fraction of Calcium, total Nitrogen and Phosphorus were determined. It has been established that the introduction of a biodestructor at a dose of 2860 mg/t of manure with a moisture content of 60.0 % leads to an increase in the activity of biochemical processes, which is confirmed by an increase in the temperature of the compost during the first hundred days of fermentation. The higher the dose of biodestructor was added to the litter of broiler chickens, the higher the KMAFAnM indicator and the numbers of Bacillus spp. bacteria in compost were higher. A regularity has been established that with the increase in the amount of biodestructor in the litter of broiler chickens, the number of Staphylococcus and Clostridium bacteria in the latter decreases. The use of a biodestructor at a dose of 2860 mg/t of broiler chicken droppings contributes to the increase of Nitrogen, crude protein, and Phosphorus in the compost and accelerates its mineralization compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Sobolev, B. Gutyj, O. М. Melnychenko, S. V. Sobolieva, P. Kuzmenko, Y. Melnychenko, S. S. Popadiuk, V. V. Senechyn
In this paper we attempt to generalize information published in the scientific literature about the distribution, migration and accumulation of chemical forms of germanium in the natural environment, with the main attention paid to the content of this trace element in various components of the environment. Despite the fact that germanium is found in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere it is one of the least studied elements in mineral and geochemical terms. It belongs to rare scattered elements with a relatively high migration capacity in the earth's crust and on its surface. Depending on the physical and chemical conditions, the mineral and lithogenesis of germanium can exhibit different properties, which determines the variety of ways of its migration. The nature and form of migration of germanium in the natural environment is not determined only by its chemical properties but also by a complex set of reactions of interaction with various underground water addendums, the granulometric and chemical-mineralogical composition of soil-forming rocks and soils, biogenic and technogenic processes. Studies have shown that the content of germanium in natural waters, soils and plants can vary widely and depends on many factors. In particular, its concentration in groundwater and surface water depends on the natural geological environment, pressure, temperature, meteorological and anthropogenic factors; soil by their type, region, features of soil-forming processes, chemical composition of the parent rocks, climatic conditions and amounts of organic substances; in plants by their species and varietal facilities, the growth stage of the plants, the availability of soils by this element, the forms of germanium compounds in the soil (inorganic or organic), the ability of soil to retain labile form of germanium and climatic conditions. Analysis of the actual content of germanium in diets indicates an insufficient level of provision of the human body with this trace element, due to its low concentrations in food and water. However, it has been suggested that any products with a high content of germanium may pose a risk to human health through its toxic effects.
{"title":"Germanium: distribution, migration and accumulation in the natural environment","authors":"O. Sobolev, B. Gutyj, O. М. Melnychenko, S. V. Sobolieva, P. Kuzmenko, Y. Melnychenko, S. S. Popadiuk, V. V. Senechyn","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9937","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we attempt to generalize information published in the scientific literature about the distribution, migration and accumulation of chemical forms of germanium in the natural environment, with the main attention paid to the content of this trace element in various components of the environment. Despite the fact that germanium is found in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere it is one of the least studied elements in mineral and geochemical terms. It belongs to rare scattered elements with a relatively high migration capacity in the earth's crust and on its surface. Depending on the physical and chemical conditions, the mineral and lithogenesis of germanium can exhibit different properties, which determines the variety of ways of its migration. The nature and form of migration of germanium in the natural environment is not determined only by its chemical properties but also by a complex set of reactions of interaction with various underground water addendums, the granulometric and chemical-mineralogical composition of soil-forming rocks and soils, biogenic and technogenic processes. Studies have shown that the content of germanium in natural waters, soils and plants can vary widely and depends on many factors. In particular, its concentration in groundwater and surface water depends on the natural geological environment, pressure, temperature, meteorological and anthropogenic factors; soil by their type, region, features of soil-forming processes, chemical composition of the parent rocks, climatic conditions and amounts of organic substances; in plants by their species and varietal facilities, the growth stage of the plants, the availability of soils by this element, the forms of germanium compounds in the soil (inorganic or organic), the ability of soil to retain labile form of germanium and climatic conditions. Analysis of the actual content of germanium in diets indicates an insufficient level of provision of the human body with this trace element, due to its low concentrations in food and water. However, it has been suggested that any products with a high content of germanium may pose a risk to human health through its toxic effects.","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"364 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Razanova, T. Farionik, T. L. Holubenko, A. V. Kolechko
Recently, in connection with the transition to an industrial approach in animal husbandry and an increase in demand for planned breeds bred in Ukraine, high requirements have arisen for their productivity, feed cost, suitability for machine milking and other characteristics. Breeding of the Jersey breed can serve as an important reserve for the further development of dairy cattle breeding in Ukraine. The Jersey breed is characterized by high productivity and is the most fat-milk breed in the world, with high feed value and good technological properties of the udder. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the phenotypic parameters of the Jersey cattle herd and to study the influence of the duration of the service period on the efficiency of milk production. 1,331 head of breeding stock of the Jersey breed are kept in the APNVP “Vizit” of the Khmelnytskyi district of the Vinnytsia region, of which 68.4 % are cows. Youngsters are rated elite-record and elite – 99.3 %. Up to 3 lactations are kept in a herd of Jersey cows. Hope per cow is 5819 kg of milk, with a fat content of 6.05 % and a protein content of 4.2 %. The milk productivity of cows exceeds the minimum requirements for the Jersey breed by 83 % for the first lactation, by 82.1 % for the second, and by 73.1 % for the third. The hope for 305 days of lactation in cows with a service period of 90 days in the second lactation is 11.8 % less than the data of cows with a service period of 120 days, for the third lactation – by 11.4 %. The average daily survival of cows with a service period of 120 days was lower than that of control cows by 7.0 %. The efficiency of using cows when extending the service period beyond the 90-day limit recommended by experts reduces the milk productivity of cows. The ratio of fat to protein is higher in Jerseys by 0.3, fat to dry skimmed milk residue by 0.2, and protein to dry skimmed milk residue by 0.06.
{"title":"Phenotypic parameters of the mother stock of the Jersey breed","authors":"O. Razanova, T. Farionik, T. L. Holubenko, A. V. Kolechko","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9926","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, in connection with the transition to an industrial approach in animal husbandry and an increase in demand for planned breeds bred in Ukraine, high requirements have arisen for their productivity, feed cost, suitability for machine milking and other characteristics. Breeding of the Jersey breed can serve as an important reserve for the further development of dairy cattle breeding in Ukraine. The Jersey breed is characterized by high productivity and is the most fat-milk breed in the world, with high feed value and good technological properties of the udder. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the phenotypic parameters of the Jersey cattle herd and to study the influence of the duration of the service period on the efficiency of milk production. 1,331 head of breeding stock of the Jersey breed are kept in the APNVP “Vizit” of the Khmelnytskyi district of the Vinnytsia region, of which 68.4 % are cows. Youngsters are rated elite-record and elite – 99.3 %. Up to 3 lactations are kept in a herd of Jersey cows. Hope per cow is 5819 kg of milk, with a fat content of 6.05 % and a protein content of 4.2 %. The milk productivity of cows exceeds the minimum requirements for the Jersey breed by 83 % for the first lactation, by 82.1 % for the second, and by 73.1 % for the third. The hope for 305 days of lactation in cows with a service period of 90 days in the second lactation is 11.8 % less than the data of cows with a service period of 120 days, for the third lactation – by 11.4 %. The average daily survival of cows with a service period of 120 days was lower than that of control cows by 7.0 %. The efficiency of using cows when extending the service period beyond the 90-day limit recommended by experts reduces the milk productivity of cows. The ratio of fat to protein is higher in Jerseys by 0.3, fat to dry skimmed milk residue by 0.2, and protein to dry skimmed milk residue by 0.06.","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of bee colony growth patterns throughout the year makes it possible to substantiate the ways of creating strong families that will ensure high productivity in the collection of bee products. The research was conducted on bees of different genealogical formations of the Carpathian breed in private apiaries in the village of Navariya, Lviv region. To conduct the experimental studies, 6 groups of 10 bee colonies were formed: I – the control group – local bees of the Carpathian population (type “Vuchkovsky”); II – the experimental group – inbred group ♀ UA3-5-9-15.112-2018 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15. 112-2018 (♀ microline “915” x ♂ microline “915”); III – experimental group – breeding cross ♀ UA3-65-2019 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15.112-2018 (♀ microline “Sto” x ♂ microline “915”); IV – experimental group – breeding cross ♀ UA3-5-35-2019 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15. 112-2018 (♀ type “Vuchkovsky” x ♂ microline “915”); V – experimental group – breeding cross ♀ UA3-5-307/67-2018 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15. 112-2018 (♀ microline "67" x ♂ microline “915”); VI – experimental group – breeding cross ♀UA3-5-07-2018 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15.112-2018 (♀ microline “07” x ♂ microline “915”). It was established that bees of different breeding crosses of the Carpathian breed had certain differences in the strength of bee colonies, the number of closed broods, and bee bread productivity. The maximum values of bee colony strength and stocks of perga in all groups were noted during the inspection on 10 June. At the same time, the highest value of bee colony strength was observed in the fifth experimental group (19.7 hives), and the best bee colonies in the second experimental group (6992.0 cells) were found in terms of perg productivity. The highest values of the number of closed brood were recorded during the inspection on 29 May, with the bee colonies of the third experimental group prevailing in this respect (20547.6 cells). Thus, to increase the strength of bee colonies, the number of closed brood, and the bee bread productivity, it is advisable to breed interbreed crosses of the Carpathian subspecies since they are superior to local bees of the Vuchkovsky type in the above characteristics.
{"title":"Perg reserve and development of bee colonies of different genealogical formations of the carpathian subspecies","authors":"M. S. Stetsyshyn, V. Fedorovych","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9934","url":null,"abstract":"The study of bee colony growth patterns throughout the year makes it possible to substantiate the ways of creating strong families that will ensure high productivity in the collection of bee products. The research was conducted on bees of different genealogical formations of the Carpathian breed in private apiaries in the village of Navariya, Lviv region. To conduct the experimental studies, 6 groups of 10 bee colonies were formed: I – the control group – local bees of the Carpathian population (type “Vuchkovsky”); II – the experimental group – inbred group ♀ UA3-5-9-15.112-2018 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15. 112-2018 (♀ microline “915” x ♂ microline “915”); III – experimental group – breeding cross ♀ UA3-65-2019 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15.112-2018 (♀ microline “Sto” x ♂ microline “915”); IV – experimental group – breeding cross ♀ UA3-5-35-2019 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15. 112-2018 (♀ type “Vuchkovsky” x ♂ microline “915”); V – experimental group – breeding cross ♀ UA3-5-307/67-2018 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15. 112-2018 (♀ microline \"67\" x ♂ microline “915”); VI – experimental group – breeding cross ♀UA3-5-07-2018 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15.112-2018 (♀ microline “07” x ♂ microline “915”). It was established that bees of different breeding crosses of the Carpathian breed had certain differences in the strength of bee colonies, the number of closed broods, and bee bread productivity. The maximum values of bee colony strength and stocks of perga in all groups were noted during the inspection on 10 June. At the same time, the highest value of bee colony strength was observed in the fifth experimental group (19.7 hives), and the best bee colonies in the second experimental group (6992.0 cells) were found in terms of perg productivity. The highest values of the number of closed brood were recorded during the inspection on 29 May, with the bee colonies of the third experimental group prevailing in this respect (20547.6 cells). Thus, to increase the strength of bee colonies, the number of closed brood, and the bee bread productivity, it is advisable to breed interbreed crosses of the Carpathian subspecies since they are superior to local bees of the Vuchkovsky type in the above characteristics.","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article summarizes actual information about L-arginine (Arg), which is the semi-essential amino acid. L-arginine is classified as an essential amino acid for birds, carnivores and young mammals and a conditionally essential amino acid for adults. L-arginine plays very important role in the plant and animal body metabolism. It metabolically interconvertible with the amino acids proline and glutamate and also is the precursor of a large number of crucial metabolites. It is serves as a precursor for synthesis of molecules of great biological importance, including proteins, L-ornithine, polyamines, agmatine, creatine and urea, which is important in the urea cycle. The main importance of L-arginine is attributed to its role as a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a free radical molecule that is synthesized in all mammalian cells from L-arginine by NO synthase. NO appears to be a major form of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor. So, L−arginine plays a special role in vascular system, where it is a source of endogenous nitric oxide, which is blood vessels dilator. The use of supplements with L-arginine is appropriate in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Thanks to relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, it takes part in regulation of blood vessels tone. Treatment by arginine as a medicine improves functions of cardiovascular system. L-Аrginine there is in plant and animal food and in seafood. L-arginine has a wide and varied application such as animal feeding, cosmetology, medical field. In recent years arginine production has been increasing. L−Arginine is obtained by hydrolysis of proteins, with the help of chemical and microbiological synthesis. Microbiological synthesis of L-arginine is the most promising and economically advantageous. Modern microbial technologies use monosubstrates and mixed substrates. Bacteria can synthesize all 20 proteinogenic amino acids, including the nine essential amino acids required for mammalian growth. In general, enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids are essential for the growth and survival of bacteria. Peat cause great scientific interest. Peat is a natural media for growing symbiotic microorganisms, and has advantages over other types of natural feedstocks. We obtained a peat-based bio-substrate using an inorganic sulfur-containing compound. As a result of bio-substrate composting the content arginine and some other amino asides increased. This bio-substrate was used in resіaches as a feed additive for broiler chickens. Under the action of the feed additive the metabolism in the body of chісkens, growth and live weight gain improved.
{"title":"Аrginine – biological role, biosynthesis and whey consumption","authors":"O. O. Korytko","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9927","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes actual information about L-arginine (Arg), which is the semi-essential amino acid. L-arginine is classified as an essential amino acid for birds, carnivores and young mammals and a conditionally essential amino acid for adults. L-arginine plays very important role in the plant and animal body metabolism. It metabolically interconvertible with the amino acids proline and glutamate and also is the precursor of a large number of crucial metabolites. It is serves as a precursor for synthesis of molecules of great biological importance, including proteins, L-ornithine, polyamines, agmatine, creatine and urea, which is important in the urea cycle. The main importance of L-arginine is attributed to its role as a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a free radical molecule that is synthesized in all mammalian cells from L-arginine by NO synthase. NO appears to be a major form of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor. So, L−arginine plays a special role in vascular system, where it is a source of endogenous nitric oxide, which is blood vessels dilator. The use of supplements with L-arginine is appropriate in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Thanks to relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, it takes part in regulation of blood vessels tone. Treatment by arginine as a medicine improves functions of cardiovascular system. L-Аrginine there is in plant and animal food and in seafood. L-arginine has a wide and varied application such as animal feeding, cosmetology, medical field. In recent years arginine production has been increasing. L−Arginine is obtained by hydrolysis of proteins, with the help of chemical and microbiological synthesis. Microbiological synthesis of L-arginine is the most promising and economically advantageous. Modern microbial technologies use monosubstrates and mixed substrates. Bacteria can synthesize all 20 proteinogenic amino acids, including the nine essential amino acids required for mammalian growth. In general, enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids are essential for the growth and survival of bacteria. Peat cause great scientific interest. Peat is a natural media for growing symbiotic microorganisms, and has advantages over other types of natural feedstocks. We obtained a peat-based bio-substrate using an inorganic sulfur-containing compound. As a result of bio-substrate composting the content arginine and some other amino asides increased. This bio-substrate was used in resіaches as a feed additive for broiler chickens. Under the action of the feed additive the metabolism in the body of chісkens, growth and live weight gain improved.","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth of poultry population in Ukraine and in the world leads to a number of environmental problems such as concentration and accumulation of large masses of manure without litter and manure mixed with organic litter. A rational way to dispose poultry manure, including broiler chickens’ manure, is to produce vermicompost from it by growing there a hybrid of local red worm or Eisenia fetida. Unfermented broiler manure contains a high concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia, which has a negative effect on worms. Even at low ammonia concentrations in the organic biomass, the worms die. Traditional methods can take more than 17 months to compost broiler manure. One of the ways to speed up composting is to apply bioprocessing devices and aeration of the manure. The effectiveness of growing vermiculture on the fermented broiler manure with a biodegrader and different aeration regimes remains insufficiently studied. For the experimental cultivation of worms, we used the broiler chicken manure fermented for 160 days, which was enriched with air once every 10 days by mechanical mixing (control), 15 minutes a day using a compressor (I experimental group) and twice a day for 15 minutes using a compressor (II experimental group). The study determined the number of adult and immature worms, their weight, the number of cocoons and their weight. It has been experimentally found that fermented broiler chicken manure under different aeration regimes with litter as part of the vermiculture substrate has an effect on the reproduction and weight of worms and their cocoons. Growing worms on a substrate from fermented broiler chickens' litter with a daily one-time air enrichment with a compressor increases the number of mature worms by 15.7 % compared to the control group. The largest mass of mature worms was recorded in the first experimental group. It was proved that the use of fermented broiler manure with active aeration (experimental group I) as a substrate increased the number and weight of immature worms by 10.3 and 33.3 %, respectively, compared to the control. The largest number of cocoons has been found in the first experimental group.
{"title":"Application of the fermented broiler chickens manure under different aeration regimes during vermiculture cultivation","authors":"P. V. Kovtun, S. V. Merzlov","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9918","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of poultry population in Ukraine and in the world leads to a number of environmental problems such as concentration and accumulation of large masses of manure without litter and manure mixed with organic litter. A rational way to dispose poultry manure, including broiler chickens’ manure, is to produce vermicompost from it by growing there a hybrid of local red worm or Eisenia fetida. Unfermented broiler manure contains a high concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia, which has a negative effect on worms. Even at low ammonia concentrations in the organic biomass, the worms die. Traditional methods can take more than 17 months to compost broiler manure. One of the ways to speed up composting is to apply bioprocessing devices and aeration of the manure. The effectiveness of growing vermiculture on the fermented broiler manure with a biodegrader and different aeration regimes remains insufficiently studied. For the experimental cultivation of worms, we used the broiler chicken manure fermented for 160 days, which was enriched with air once every 10 days by mechanical mixing (control), 15 minutes a day using a compressor (I experimental group) and twice a day for 15 minutes using a compressor (II experimental group). The study determined the number of adult and immature worms, their weight, the number of cocoons and their weight. It has been experimentally found that fermented broiler chicken manure under different aeration regimes with litter as part of the vermiculture substrate has an effect on the reproduction and weight of worms and their cocoons. Growing worms on a substrate from fermented broiler chickens' litter with a daily one-time air enrichment with a compressor increases the number of mature worms by 15.7 % compared to the control group. The largest mass of mature worms was recorded in the first experimental group. It was proved that the use of fermented broiler manure with active aeration (experimental group I) as a substrate increased the number and weight of immature worms by 10.3 and 33.3 %, respectively, compared to the control. The largest number of cocoons has been found in the first experimental group.","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Z. Smychok, B. Gutyj, R. M. Sachuk, V. Khalak, M. M. Ilchyshyn, U. Vus, O. Stadnytska, V. Todoriuk, T. Martyshuk, A. Sobolta, A. O. Vysotskyi, V. R. Magrelo
It is known that free radical oxidation of lipids is an essential stage in the influence of heavy metals on the animal body. That is why the work aimed to investigate the indicators of the antioxidant system in young cattle under conditions of cadmium loading. For research, 15 clinically healthy six-month-old bulls of the black and spotted breed were selected, from which 3 groups of five animals were formed. The animals in the control group were on a regular diet. The animals of the experimental groups with compound feed were fed cadmium chloride in doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight. Feeding young cattle with cadmium chloride feed caused a decrease in the activity of the enzyme system of antioxidant protection of their body. These changes are confirmed by a decrease in their blood activity of superoxide dismutase by 31 %, catalase by 13.4 %, glutathione peroxidase by 23.2 %, glutathione reductase by 22.2 %, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by 32.4 %, respectively. A decrease in the level of indicators of the non-enzymatic link of the system of antioxidant protection of the body of young cattle under cadmium load was also established, where, accordingly, a decrease in the content of reduced glutathione was established – by 10.4 %, selenium – by 14.8 %, vitamin A – by 31.3%, of vitamin E – by 30.8% in their blood compared to the control. It is worth noting that on the sixteenth and twenty-fourth days of the experiment, the lowest value of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic links of the antioxidant protection systems of young cattle under conditions of cadmium loading was observed. In the future, a practical scheme for preventing cadmium toxicosis in young cattle by studying indicators of the antioxidant system is planned.
{"title":"System of antioxidant protection of young cattle under cadmium load","authors":"L. Z. Smychok, B. Gutyj, R. M. Sachuk, V. Khalak, M. M. Ilchyshyn, U. Vus, O. Stadnytska, V. Todoriuk, T. Martyshuk, A. Sobolta, A. O. Vysotskyi, V. R. Magrelo","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9930","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that free radical oxidation of lipids is an essential stage in the influence of heavy metals on the animal body. That is why the work aimed to investigate the indicators of the antioxidant system in young cattle under conditions of cadmium loading. For research, 15 clinically healthy six-month-old bulls of the black and spotted breed were selected, from which 3 groups of five animals were formed. The animals in the control group were on a regular diet. The animals of the experimental groups with compound feed were fed cadmium chloride in doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight. Feeding young cattle with cadmium chloride feed caused a decrease in the activity of the enzyme system of antioxidant protection of their body. These changes are confirmed by a decrease in their blood activity of superoxide dismutase by 31 %, catalase by 13.4 %, glutathione peroxidase by 23.2 %, glutathione reductase by 22.2 %, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by 32.4 %, respectively. A decrease in the level of indicators of the non-enzymatic link of the system of antioxidant protection of the body of young cattle under cadmium load was also established, where, accordingly, a decrease in the content of reduced glutathione was established – by 10.4 %, selenium – by 14.8 %, vitamin A – by 31.3%, of vitamin E – by 30.8% in their blood compared to the control. It is worth noting that on the sixteenth and twenty-fourth days of the experiment, the lowest value of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic links of the antioxidant protection systems of young cattle under conditions of cadmium loading was observed. In the future, a practical scheme for preventing cadmium toxicosis in young cattle by studying indicators of the antioxidant system is planned.","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the basis of conducted scientific research, it was set that the use of inorganic salts of trace elements in animal and poultry feed leads to environmental pollution with heavy metals due to their low biological availability for the animal organism. Therefore, in recent years, a number of investigations have been conducted to study the effectiveness of using organic trace elements in animal and poultry feed. The article deals with the results of a scientific and economic experiment on the investigation of the influence of domestically produced zinc proteinate in combination with zinc sulfate on indicators of preservation, growth intensity and feed conversion in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens of the control group were fed with a complete ration balanced in terms of necessary nutrients, in accordance with the age periods of the growth of the poultry, with the addition of 50 g per ton of zinc sulfate. Then, the broiler chickens of the research groups were received the same compound feed, but with the addition of 50 g and 30 g per ton of zinc proteinate compound feed. The live weight of broiler chickens of the research groups was significantly higher than the control. At the age of one week, it tended to increase in the chickens of the 2nd and 3rd research groups, and at the age of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days, the live weight of the chickens of the 3rd research group exceeded the live weight of the poultry of the control group, respectively , by 15.8 g (Р < 0.05); 37.0 (P < 0.01); 96.8 (P < 0.05); 115.9 (P < 0.01) and 177.7 g (P < 0.05), or by 4.7 %, 4.6, 7.6, 6.5 and 7.1 %, while the chickens of the 2nd research group at this time exceeded the control group chickens in terms of live weight, but were slightly behind the peers of the 3rd research group. The researched doses of zinc proteinate contributed to the increase in the preservation of poultry stock by 4–5 %, the average daily weight gain of broilers in the research groups compared to the control, respectively, by 5.1–7.2 %. The European index of efficiency of broiler chickens growing for zinc proteinate feeding was increased by 48.4 and 76.7 units compared to the control group which were fed with zinc sulfate and at the same time feed costs per 1 kg of growth was decreased by 2.4–3.2 %.
{"title":"Saving and productivity of broiler chickens for feeding an optimal dose of zinc proteinate","authors":"В. S. Bomko, Y. V. Syvachenko, Y. Kropyvka","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet-a9922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9922","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of conducted scientific research, it was set that the use of inorganic salts of trace elements in animal and poultry feed leads to environmental pollution with heavy metals due to their low biological availability for the animal organism. Therefore, in recent years, a number of investigations have been conducted to study the effectiveness of using organic trace elements in animal and poultry feed. The article deals with the results of a scientific and economic experiment on the investigation of the influence of domestically produced zinc proteinate in combination with zinc sulfate on indicators of preservation, growth intensity and feed conversion in broiler chickens. Broiler chickens of the control group were fed with a complete ration balanced in terms of necessary nutrients, in accordance with the age periods of the growth of the poultry, with the addition of 50 g per ton of zinc sulfate. Then, the broiler chickens of the research groups were received the same compound feed, but with the addition of 50 g and 30 g per ton of zinc proteinate compound feed. The live weight of broiler chickens of the research groups was significantly higher than the control. At the age of one week, it tended to increase in the chickens of the 2nd and 3rd research groups, and at the age of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days, the live weight of the chickens of the 3rd research group exceeded the live weight of the poultry of the control group, respectively , by 15.8 g (Р < 0.05); 37.0 (P < 0.01); 96.8 (P < 0.05); 115.9 (P < 0.01) and 177.7 g (P < 0.05), or by 4.7 %, 4.6, 7.6, 6.5 and 7.1 %, while the chickens of the 2nd research group at this time exceeded the control group chickens in terms of live weight, but were slightly behind the peers of the 3rd research group. The researched doses of zinc proteinate contributed to the increase in the preservation of poultry stock by 4–5 %, the average daily weight gain of broilers in the research groups compared to the control, respectively, by 5.1–7.2 %. The European index of efficiency of broiler chickens growing for zinc proteinate feeding was increased by 48.4 and 76.7 units compared to the control group which were fed with zinc sulfate and at the same time feed costs per 1 kg of growth was decreased by 2.4–3.2 %.","PeriodicalId":21703,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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