Gergana S Georgieva, M. Enchev, M. Milkov, H. Arnautska, Martin Shiderov
In recent years, orthodontic dental medicine has progressed at a rapid pace as a result of the use and enhancement of biomaterials. Innovations and improvements in biomaterials have a great impact on orthodontic practice, with significant changes in recent years in the types of materials used as well as their bio-mechanical requirements. Different types of metals, alloys, polymers, composites, self-polymerizing acrylic plastics are used to create orthodontic materials and appliances. Each of the biomaterials used has its advantages over the others in a particular situation. It is extremely important to evaluate the physical and biomechanical properties of biomaterials in order to achieve predictable results that meet the objectives of orthodontic treatment. From the research it has come to the conclusion that orthodontic dental medicine, like other areas of dentistry, is greatly influenced by the improvements and enhancements of the biomaterials used. Digital technologies, computer design and manufacturing are an integral part of modern ortho-dontics. New technologies have a great impact on biomaterials used in orthodontics. The right choice of bio-materials for making orthodontic appliances is the key to successful treatment.
{"title":"Biomaterials used in orthodontics","authors":"Gergana S Georgieva, M. Enchev, M. Milkov, H. Arnautska, Martin Shiderov","doi":"10.14748/ssm.v54i0.9012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/ssm.v54i0.9012","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, orthodontic dental medicine has progressed at a rapid pace as a result of the use and enhancement of biomaterials. Innovations and improvements in biomaterials have a great impact on orthodontic practice, with significant changes in recent years in the types of materials used as well as their bio-mechanical requirements. Different types of metals, alloys, polymers, composites, self-polymerizing acrylic plastics are used to create orthodontic materials and appliances. Each of the biomaterials used has its advantages over the others in a particular situation. It is extremely important to evaluate the physical and biomechanical properties of biomaterials in order to achieve predictable results that meet the objectives of orthodontic treatment. From the research it has come to the conclusion that orthodontic dental medicine, like other areas of dentistry, is greatly influenced by the improvements and enhancements of the biomaterials used. Digital technologies, computer design and manufacturing are an integral part of modern ortho-dontics. New technologies have a great impact on biomaterials used in orthodontics. The right choice of bio-materials for making orthodontic appliances is the key to successful treatment.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80493321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The oral health of each individual is related to and dependent on the nutrients they take. They determine the duration and quality of life of each person. Nutritional prevention of oral diseases is the proper balancing of nutrition during different periods of development of oral structures. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between nutrition and dental disease and to present nutritional recommendations for their prevention. Materials and Methods: For the period January 2022–February 2022, in the available database (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus), a systematic analysis of scientific publications examining the impact of nutrients on oral health was conducted. Discussion: Nowadays, principles for rational nutrition are constantly being created and updated. A food pyramid has been set up at the US Department of Agriculture. It presents the intake of various foods and seeks to reduce oral diseases. The essential nutrients that are protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins are extremely important for oral health. Proper nutrition in the period of growth and development determines the construction and maintenance of oral structures. The links between oral health, diet and nutrition status, and general health are complex with many interrelated factors. Inaccurate nutrition can affect oral health, including dental caries, periodontal disease, oral disease, and anemia. Impaired oral health can change food choices and negatively affect food intake, leading to suboptimal nutritional status, which in turn can lead to chronic systemic diseases. One of the causes of dental diseases is the intake of un-healthy and incomplete food. Conclusion: Achieving and maintaining oral health is done through nutritional prophylaxis. Recognizing and treating oral health and nutrition problems are important for improving health and quality of life.
每个人的口腔健康都与所摄入的营养物质有关，并依赖于这些营养物质。它们决定了每个人的寿命和生活质量。口腔疾病的营养预防是指在口腔结构发育的不同阶段适当平衡营养。目的:本研究的目的是调查营养与牙病之间的关系，并提出预防牙病的营养建议。材料和方法:在2022年1月至2022年2月期间，在现有数据库(PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus)中，对研究营养素对口腔健康影响的科学出版物进行了系统分析。讨论:如今，合理营养的原则不断被创造和更新。美国农业部建立了一个食物金字塔。它介绍了各种食物的摄入量，并寻求减少口腔疾病。必需的营养物质包括蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、矿物质和维生素，它们对口腔健康极其重要。生长发育时期的适当营养决定了口腔结构的构建和维持。口腔健康、饮食和营养状况以及总体健康之间的联系是复杂的，有许多相互关联的因素。不准确的营养会影响口腔健康，包括龋齿、牙周病、口腔疾病和贫血。口腔健康受损会改变食物选择，对食物摄入产生负面影响，导致营养状况不佳，进而导致慢性全身性疾病。牙齿疾病的原因之一是摄入不健康和不完整的食物。结论:通过营养预防实现和维持口腔健康。认识和治疗口腔健康和营养问题对改善健康和生活质量很重要。
{"title":"The effect of nutrients on oral dental health","authors":"Anais Nazifova, G. Georgieva, M. Milkov","doi":"10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8990","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The oral health of each individual is related to and dependent on the nutrients they take. They determine the duration and quality of life of each person. Nutritional prevention of oral diseases is the proper balancing of nutrition during different periods of development of oral structures. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between nutrition and dental disease and to present nutritional recommendations for their prevention. Materials and Methods: For the period January 2022–February 2022, in the available database (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus), a systematic analysis of scientific publications examining the impact of nutrients on oral health was conducted. Discussion: Nowadays, principles for rational nutrition are constantly being created and updated. A food pyramid has been set up at the US Department of Agriculture. It presents the intake of various foods and seeks to reduce oral diseases. The essential nutrients that are protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins are extremely important for oral health. Proper nutrition in the period of growth and development determines the construction and maintenance of oral structures. The links between oral health, diet and nutrition status, and general health are complex with many interrelated factors. Inaccurate nutrition can affect oral health, including dental caries, periodontal disease, oral disease, and anemia. Impaired oral health can change food choices and negatively affect food intake, leading to suboptimal nutritional status, which in turn can lead to chronic systemic diseases. One of the causes of dental diseases is the intake of un-healthy and incomplete food. Conclusion: Achieving and maintaining oral health is done through nutritional prophylaxis. Recognizing and treating oral health and nutrition problems are important for improving health and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81281425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatyana Mateva, Ivan Enev, Boyko K Matev, Teodora Dimitrova
{"title":"Complementary medicine options in work-related stress in management staff—the capabilities of Gelsemium sempervirens in homeopathic dilutions","authors":"Tatyana Mateva, Ivan Enev, Boyko K Matev, Teodora Dimitrova","doi":"10.14748/ssm.v54i0.9006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/ssm.v54i0.9006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74241649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the leading public health issues of the 21st century is that the prevalence of obesity worldwide has grown to epidemic proportions. The more common inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggests that obesity plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Epidemiological data on this issue are still quite contradictory. Similarly, studies examining the impact that obesity may have on the natural history of the disease have yielded inconsistent results. Regardless of its impact on the pathogenesis or natural history of IBD, the growing prevalence of obesity in this population leads to the need for a better understanding of the effect it has on IBD management. The aim of this study is to review scientific publications examining the impact of obesity on the course of inflammatory bowel disease
{"title":"Influence of obesity on the course of inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Mirela Moneva, A. Atanassova","doi":"10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8827","url":null,"abstract":"One of the leading public health issues of the 21st century is that the prevalence of obesity worldwide has grown to epidemic proportions. The more common inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggests that obesity plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Epidemiological data on this issue are still quite contradictory. Similarly, studies examining the impact that obesity may have on the natural history of the disease have yielded inconsistent results. Regardless of its impact on the pathogenesis or natural history of IBD, the growing prevalence of obesity in this population leads to the need for a better understanding of the effect it has on IBD management. The aim of this study is to review scientific publications examining the impact of obesity on the course of inflammatory bowel disease","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81420045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Overuse of muscles, stress and dehydration are some of the reasons for muscle spasms. Muscle cramps often resolve on their own but in some cases medical intervention is required. Aim: The aim of this article is to study the modulating muscle activity using GABA inhibitors. Materials and Methods: Treatment plans for bruxism include different ways for modulating muscle activity, which should be studied. Results: A spasm is an involuntary, unexpected contraction of one or more muscles. Muscle spasms can happen in any muscle of the human body. The most common reasons for the occurrence of spasms are overuse of a muscle, dehydration or stress. Discussion: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) serves as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developed, mature central nervous system of mammals. GABA A receptors are ligand-activated chloride chan-nels. GABA receptors are the main focus of this study because of their wide spread throughout the mam-malian nervous system. In a recent study from 2017, Gervasi, Sisti and team from Baltimore discovered that the regular application of thiocolchicoside-based foam topically on m. rectus et biceps femoris reduced the risk of muscle cramps, muscle pain and improved the overall performance of the athletes in the study group. Conclusion: This discovery, along with the known properties of thiocolchicoside and its structure, present an interesting perspective when considering new ways to treat muscle spasms. Dermal patches ensure the gradual release of a substance in a certain area through the skin. The idea is to develop a dermal patch for application on m. masseter et temporalis when treating patients with bruxism.
{"title":"Modulating muscle activity using GABA inhibitors","authors":"Boris Kiosev","doi":"10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8997","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Overuse of muscles, stress and dehydration are some of the reasons for muscle spasms. Muscle cramps often resolve on their own but in some cases medical intervention is required. Aim: The aim of this article is to study the modulating muscle activity using GABA inhibitors. Materials and Methods: Treatment plans for bruxism include different ways for modulating muscle activity, which should be studied. Results: A spasm is an involuntary, unexpected contraction of one or more muscles. Muscle spasms can happen in any muscle of the human body. The most common reasons for the occurrence of spasms are overuse of a muscle, dehydration or stress. Discussion: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) serves as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developed, mature central nervous system of mammals. GABA A receptors are ligand-activated chloride chan-nels. GABA receptors are the main focus of this study because of their wide spread throughout the mam-malian nervous system. In a recent study from 2017, Gervasi, Sisti and team from Baltimore discovered that the regular application of thiocolchicoside-based foam topically on m. rectus et biceps femoris reduced the risk of muscle cramps, muscle pain and improved the overall performance of the athletes in the study group. Conclusion: This discovery, along with the known properties of thiocolchicoside and its structure, present an interesting perspective when considering new ways to treat muscle spasms. Dermal patches ensure the gradual release of a substance in a certain area through the skin. The idea is to develop a dermal patch for application on m. masseter et temporalis when treating patients with bruxism.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73146739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The simulation training of dental students has developed rapidly in recent years. The development of new technologies and virtual reality are an indispensable part of the education of dental students. The introduction of simulators in the education of dental students supports the harmonization and integration of knowledge from the pre-clinical and clinical education of the students. The opportunity to train on simulators in the field of dentistry helps future dentists to put their theoretical knowledge into practice and gain confidence to work with patients. Simulation operators are included in the students’ pre-clinical exercises. In recent years, computer-based simulation and virtual reality-based simulation have become an indispensable part of the pre-clinical training of dental students. Nowadays, there is a wide range of dental simulator models with different features and functions. Some of them are: DentSim, Haptic Technology, Moog Simodont Dental Trainer, HapTEL, the Geneva System, Robotic Patients for Virtual Dental Patient Simulation, Virtual Reality Dental Training System, PerioSim, the VirDenT system, the Forsslund System, DSETM Expert Dental Simulation Units—KaVo Dental. In addition to student training, these simulators can also be used to assess learner performance or quality control various teaching methods. The development of new technologies marks successes in the development and improvement of the simulators applied in the training of dental medicine students. The virtual patient application provides many opportunities to recreate clinical situations in virtual reality and will make learning even more rewarding and interesting for dental students.
{"title":"The application of simulators in dental medicine students’ training","authors":"Dzhendo Dzhendov, G. Georgieva","doi":"10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8993","url":null,"abstract":"The simulation training of dental students has developed rapidly in recent years. The development of new technologies and virtual reality are an indispensable part of the education of dental students. The introduction of simulators in the education of dental students supports the harmonization and integration of knowledge from the pre-clinical and clinical education of the students. The opportunity to train on simulators in the field of dentistry helps future dentists to put their theoretical knowledge into practice and gain confidence to work with patients. Simulation operators are included in the students’ pre-clinical exercises. In recent years, computer-based simulation and virtual reality-based simulation have become an indispensable part of the pre-clinical training of dental students. Nowadays, there is a wide range of dental simulator models with different features and functions. Some of them are: DentSim, Haptic Technology, Moog Simodont Dental Trainer, HapTEL, the Geneva System, Robotic Patients for Virtual Dental Patient Simulation, Virtual Reality Dental Training System, PerioSim, the VirDenT system, the Forsslund System, DSETM Expert Dental Simulation Units—KaVo Dental. In addition to student training, these simulators can also be used to assess learner performance or quality control various teaching methods. The development of new technologies marks successes in the development and improvement of the simulators applied in the training of dental medicine students. The virtual patient application provides many opportunities to recreate clinical situations in virtual reality and will make learning even more rewarding and interesting for dental students.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90424601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To generate highly aesthetic results, as well as the most precise interaction between gums, bones, muscles, and teeth, full-mouth rehabilitation and complete arch reconstruction need the use of very specific lab protocols and techniques. Confirmation of tolerance to changes in the vertical dimension occlusion (VDO) is of paramount importance. A diagnostic wax-up and articulated study castings can give information for the assessment of treatment alternatives. The intermediate interval may be altered in accordance with the patient’s circumstances and ability for adaptation. This article aims at providing a literary review of the treat-ment planning of full-mouth rehabilitation that will assist clinicians in the therapeutic plan. Observing the final result before starting therapy is essential for long-term success. Full-mouth rehabilitation entails the performance of all the procedures necessary to produce an aesthetic, well-functioning and self-maintaining masticatory system.
{"title":"Full-mouth rehabilitation—laboratory procedures","authors":"I. Yordanova","doi":"10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/ssm.v54i0.8999","url":null,"abstract":"To generate highly aesthetic results, as well as the most precise interaction between gums, bones, muscles, and teeth, full-mouth rehabilitation and complete arch reconstruction need the use of very specific lab protocols and techniques. Confirmation of tolerance to changes in the vertical dimension occlusion (VDO) is of paramount importance. A diagnostic wax-up and articulated study castings can give information for the assessment of treatment alternatives. The intermediate interval may be altered in accordance with the patient’s circumstances and ability for adaptation. This article aims at providing a literary review of the treat-ment planning of full-mouth rehabilitation that will assist clinicians in the therapeutic plan. Observing the final result before starting therapy is essential for long-term success. Full-mouth rehabilitation entails the performance of all the procedures necessary to produce an aesthetic, well-functioning and self-maintaining masticatory system.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84775291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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