Small Ruminant Research最新文献_第5页

Nutrient utilization and ruminal fermentation in wethers fed high-grain pelleted diets formulated with different fibrous by-products 饲粮中添加不同纤维副产物的高粒颗粒饲料的养分利用和瘤胃发酵

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107657

Veridiana Basoni Silva , Lucas Santiago Gomes Brasileiro , Hemilly Cristina Menezes de Sá , Gilberto de Lima Macedo Júnior , Fernando Antônio de Souza , Débora Fernandes Vieira Soares , Eduardo Robson Duarte , Luciano Soares de Lima , Iran Borges

This study assessed the effects of pelleted diets containing different fiber sources on nutrient utilization and ruminal fermentation in wethers. Five wethers with ruminal cannulae were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design to test five pelleted diets with sugarcane bagasse (SCB), alfalfa hay (ALH), dried citrus pulp (CPP), soybean hulls (SBH), and a mix of all four fiber sources (POOL). Feed and water intake, nitrogen balances, and ruminal fermentation were assessed. Dry matter intake was not affected by the type of fiber. Crude protein digestibility was higher for the CPP diet compared to the ALH and SBH diets. Nitrogen retention and gross energy digestibility were similar across all treatments. The SBH diet resulted in the most pronounced and sustained drop in pH, reaching values below 5.8. The CPP diet maintained a more stable pH, followed by the SCB, ALH, and POOL diets, which also maintained relatively stable ruminal conditions. Total VFA concentration did not differ among treatments, but the CPP diet had a higher acetate proportion compared to the SBH diet. The molar proportion of propionate was highest when wethers were fed SBH and SCB diets. In conclusion, although pelleting ensured uniform intake, the choice of fiber source significantly influenced ruminal fermentation. Citrus pulp emerged as the most suitable option, supporting favorable protein digestibility and a stable ruminal environment, whereas soybean hulls resulted in the least desirable outcomes. All diets containing the fiber sources provided comparable digestible energy.

本试验旨在评价不同纤维来源的颗粒饲料对饲粮营养物质利用和瘤胃发酵的影响。采用5 × 5拉丁方试验设计，选取5只有瘤胃瘘管的公猪，分别饲喂甘蔗甘蔗渣（SCB）、苜蓿干草（ALH）、柑橘干果肉（CPP）、大豆壳（SBH）和混合4种纤维源（POOL）的5种颗粒饲料。评估采食量和饮水量、氮平衡和瘤胃发酵。干物质采食量不受纤维种类的影响。CPP饲粮的粗蛋白质消化率高于ALH和SBH饲粮。氮潴留和总能消化率在所有处理中相似。SBH饮食导致pH值最明显和持续下降，达到5.8以下。CPP饲粮保持较稳定的pH值，其次是SCB、ALH和POOL饲粮，它们也保持相对稳定的瘤胃条件。各处理间总VFA浓度无显著差异，但CPP饲粮的乙酸比例高于SBH饲粮。饲喂SBH和SCB饲料时，丙酸摩尔比最高。综上所述，虽然颗粒化保证了采食量的均匀性，但纤维来源的选择对瘤胃发酵有显著影响。柑橘果肉是最合适的选择，支持良好的蛋白质消化率和稳定的瘤胃环境，而大豆壳的结果最差。所有含纤维源的日粮均能提供相当的消化能。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of increasing levels of physically effective neutral detergent fibre on growth performance, feeding behaviour, and carcasses and gut characteristics of feedlot lambs fed ground corn 提高物理有效中性洗涤纤维水平对饲用玉米碎羔羊生长性能、摄食行为以及胴体和肠道特性的影响

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107655

Nathalia Rubio Eckermann , Matheus Sousa de Paula Carlis , Janaina Socolovski Biava , Jamile Haddad Comelli , Daniel Montanher Polizel , José Paulo Roman Barroso , Diogo Fleury Azevedo Costa , Vinícius N. Gouvêa , Alexandre Vaz Pires , Evandro Maia Ferreira

The present study evaluated the effect of increasing levels of forage physically effective neutral detergent fiber (_pefNDF) on performance of feedlot lambs fed ground corn-based diets. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (grouping 6 treatments into 10 blocks), defined by initial BW and age at the beginning of the experiment. The experimental treatments were defined by the inclusion of forage _pefNDF at 0 (0_pefNDF); 26 (26_pefNDF); 52 (52_pefNDF); 78 (78_pefNDF); 104 (104_pefNDF) and 130 (130_pefNDF) g/kg DM of a flint corn-based diet. The source of the forage was coast cross (Cynodon sp.) hay. There was a quadratic effect for dry matter intake [DMI (kg/d; P = 0.03)] and average daily gain [ADG (P < 0.01)], peaking at 78_pefNDF. However, the feed efficiency (FE) decreased linearly (P = 0.03) with increasing _pefNDF levels. Intake time increased linearly (P < 0.001), but rumination (P < 0.0001) and chewing times (min/d) (P < 0.001) showed a quadratic effect, with the greatest values observed at 78_pefNDF when expressed in min/g DM. The slaughter body weight (SBW) showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.01), with the greatest values observed for 78_pefNDF. However, the greatest (P < 0.01) hot carcass weight (HCW) and hot carcass yield (HCY) were observed for lambs fed a diet 52_pefNDF. Diets containing ground flint corn as the main energy source for feedlot lambs can be formulated with smaller _pefNDF levels than found in the literature, from 52 to 78 g/kg DM of _pefNDF, depending on the objective.

本试验旨在评价饲粮中添加饲粮物理有效中性洗涤纤维（pefNDF）对饲粮以玉米为基础的羔羊生产性能的影响。试验设计为随机完整区组（6个处理分为10个区组），以试验开始时的初始体重和年龄定义。试验处理的定义是饲料pefNDF在0 (0pefNDF)；26日(26 pefndf);52 (52 pefndf);78 (78 pefndf);104 （104pefNDF）和130 (130pefNDF) g/kg DM的燧石玉米基饲粮。草料的来源是海草（Cynodon sp.）干草。干物质采食量[DMI (kg/d; P = 0.03)]和平均日增重[ADG (P <； 0.01)]呈二次效应，在78pefNDF处达到峰值。随着pefNDF水平的升高，饲料效率呈线性降低（P = 0.03）。采食时间线性增加（P <； 0.001），反刍（P <； 0.0001）和咀嚼次数（P <； 0.001）呈二次效应，以min/g DM表示时，78pefNDF值最大。屠宰体重呈二次效应（P <； 0.01），78pefNDF值最大。饲粮52pefNDF的羔羊热胴体重（HCW）和热胴体产量（HCY）最高（P <； 0.01）。饲粮中含有磨碎的火石玉米作为主要能量来源，根据不同的目标，可以配制出比文献中发现的更低的pefNDF水平，pefNDF的含量为52至78 g/kg DM。

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引用次数: 0

Coinfection of small ruminant lentivirus and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in dairy goats 小反刍动物慢病毒与假结核棒状杆菌在奶山羊中的联合感染

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107652

Bárbara Karen Marques Mendes , Alice Andrioli Pinheiro , Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro , Dalva Alana Aragão Azevedo , Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli-Martins , Ana Milena César Lima , Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves , José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento , Tânia Vasconcelos Cavalcante

This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of dairy goats positive for small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) to infection by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The study was conducted with 1010 dairy goats of the Saanen, Toggenburg, Anglo-Nubian, Alpine, and mixed (Saanen and Alpine), aged between 18 and 66 months, raised under intensive management, and distributed across 12 dairy farms located in three Brazilian states. Serological tests were used to identify SRLV, including agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), western blotting (WB), and nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR). The indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test was used to detect C. pseudotuberculosis. The seropositivity for Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) in the animals was 50.2 % (507/1010) in the WB test, a higher percentage than that detected by the AGID test, which reached 40.1 % (405/1010). Among the animals positive for SRLV in AGID, 53.3 % (216/405) also evaluated positive for C. pseudotuberculosis (P < 0.01). Similarly, 51.3 % (260/507) of the animals positive for SRLV in the WB test were also positive for C. pseudotuberculosis (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the results for animals positive for SRLV in nPCR 71.1 % (718/1.010) whereas the positivity for caseous lymphadenitis was 49.9 % (358/718). The analysis revealed that animals infected with CAEV exhibit a higher frequency of caseous lymphadenitis compared to non-infected animals, suggesting a positive, albeit low-intensity, association.

本研究旨在评价小反刍慢病毒（SRLV）阳性奶山羊对假结核棒状杆菌感染的易感性。研究对象为1010只奶山羊，年龄在18至66月龄之间，分别为萨宁山羊、托根堡山羊、盎格鲁-努比亚山羊、阿尔卑斯山羊和混合山羊（萨宁山羊和阿尔卑斯山羊），在集约化管理下饲养，分布在巴西三个州的12个奶牛场。采用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散（AGID）、免疫印迹（WB）和巢式聚合酶链反应（nPCR）等血清学方法鉴定SRLV。采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测假结核杆菌。动物血清CAE WB检测阳性率为50.2% %(507/1010)，高于AGID检测阳性率40.1 %（405/1010）。在AGID SRLV阳性的动物中，53.3 %（216/405）也被评估为假结核杆菌阳性（P <； 0.01）。同样，在WB试验中SRLV阳性的动物中，51.3 %（260/507）也呈假结核杆菌阳性（P <； 0.05）。SRLV阳性动物的nPCR阳性率为71.1 %(718/1.010)，而干酪性淋巴结炎阳性动物的阳性率为49.9 %(358/718)，差异无统计学意义。分析显示，与未感染的动物相比，感染CAEV的动物表现出更高频率的干酪样淋巴结炎，表明呈正相关，尽管强度低。

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引用次数: 0

Gene flow in domestic camelids across different production systems in Bolivia: Insights from mitochondrial D-loop and Y-chromosome DBY gene 玻利维亚不同生产系统中家养骆驼的基因流动：来自线粒体d -环和y染色体DBY基因的见解

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107653

Pilar Román-Peña , Volga Iñiguez , Vladimir Saavedra-Terán , Luis Gutiérrez-Ramírez , Julia Barreta-Pinto

Llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos) farming in the Bolivian highlands in mixed camelid herds can lead to crossbreeding and introgression, particularly affecting alpacas. This genetic exchange has important implications for camelid phylogeny and production traits, including fiber and meat quality. To investigate patterns of gene flow, we analyzed sex-specific markers (mitochondrial D-loop and Y-chromosome DBY gene) in llamas, alpacas, and hybrids from three Bolivian production systems: Catacora, Ulla Ulla, and Curahuara de Carangas. We included sequences from vicuñas and guanacos and identified 37 mitochondrial D-loop haplotypes, as well as three Y-chromosomal DBY haplotypes, revealing significant asymmetric introgression. Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that 6.7 % of llamas and 53.3 % of alpacas carried introgressed haplotypes, indicating extensive maternal gene flow. In contrast, Y-chromosome introgression was lower (<5 %, all from Curahuara de Carangas). Population structure analysis of the D-loop fragment revealedregional differences, with the highest FST (0.307) observed between llamas and alpacas in Curahuara. In contrast, no differentiation (FST = 0) was observed in Catacora. These findings highlight a female-biased introgression pattern, with gene flow predominantly from female llamas to male alpacas. The asymmetry between maternal and paternal introgression, which varies across production systems, likely reflects historical hybridization and breeding practices favoring conspecific males. Our results underscore the impact of long-term gene flow and human-mediated practices on the genetic structure of domestic camelids, offering critical insights for conservation and breeding programs aimed at preserving the genetic integrity of Andean camelid populations.

在玻利维亚高地混合骆驼群中饲养美洲驼（Lama glama）和羊驼（Vicugna pacos）可能导致杂交和遗传渗入，特别是对羊驼的影响。这种遗传交换对骆驼的系统发育和生产性状（包括纤维和肉质）具有重要意义。为了研究基因流动模式，我们分析了来自玻利维亚三个生产系统：Catacora、Ulla Ulla和Curahuara de Carangas的大羊驼、羊驼和杂交种的性别特异性标记（线粒体d -环和y染色体DBY基因）。我们纳入了vicuñas和guanacos的序列，鉴定了37个线粒体D-loop单倍型和3个y染色体DBY单倍型，揭示了显著的不对称基因渗入。线粒体DNA分析显示，6.7 %的大羊驼和53.3 %的羊驼携带渗入单倍型，表明母系基因流动广泛。相比之下，y染色体渗入率较低（<5 %，全部来自库拉瓦拉卡兰加斯）。种群结构分析显示，库拉瓦拉地区大羊驼和羊驼的FST最高（0.307）。而Catacora未见分化（FST = 0）。这些发现强调了雌性偏向的基因渗入模式，基因主要从雌性大羊驼流向雄性羊驼。在不同的生产系统中，母系和父系基因渗入的不对称可能反映了历史上的杂交和有利于同种雄性的育种实践。我们的研究结果强调了长期基因流动和人类介导的实践对家养骆驼遗传结构的影响，为保护安第斯骆驼种群遗传完整性的保护和育种计划提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic diversity and selection signatures in related Mediterranean breeds: Sarda, Pag, and Istrian sheep 地中海相关品种：萨尔达羊、帕格羊和伊斯特拉羊的遗传多样性和选择特征

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107654

Laura Falchi , Christina Marie Rochus , Marija Špehar , Jelena Ramljak , Ante Kasap , Nicolò Pietro Paolo Macciotta , Ivan Pocrnic , Alberto Cesarani

Local sheep breeds in southern Europe are highly adapted to their environments, often characterized by hot climate and poor pasture availability, where other types of agriculture would not be possible. In order to better exploit these livestock resources, genomic regions associated with adaptation could be identified. The objective of this work was to use population genetic and genomic approaches to identify shared and private signatures of selection between an Italian breed, Sarda (SAR); and two Croatian breeds, Pag (PAG) and Istrian (IST) sheep. Common genomic regions will give insights into Mediterranean climate adaptations and past crossbreeding, while differences will provide information on specific environmental adaptations and selection pressures. A total of 4791 (825 SAR, 2683 PAG, 1283 IST) sheep were SNP genotyped (40,995 SNP after quality control). Population structure was studied through linkage disequilibrium and admixture. To identify signatures of selection, we used four approaches, runs of homozygosity (ROH), Wright’s fixation index (F_ST), cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EEH), and ratio of extended haplotype homozygosity between populations (Rsb). According to F_ST results, SAR and IST were the most divergent breeds. The latter breed showed the largest ROH-based inbreeding. A large selection signature on chromosome 6 (33.26–46,31 Mb) was found by all involved approaches as associated with IST. The results of the present study enabled the identification of common and private regions among three Mediterranean sheep breeds raised under similar environmental conditions.

南欧的当地绵羊品种对其环境的适应性很强，通常以气候炎热和牧场贫瘠为特征，而其他类型的农业是不可能的。为了更好地利用这些牲畜资源，可以确定与适应相关的基因组区域。这项工作的目的是使用群体遗传学和基因组学方法来识别意大利品种Sarda （SAR）之间的共享和私有选择签名；以及两个克罗地亚品种，帕格羊（Pag）和伊斯特拉羊（IST）。共同的基因组区域将提供地中海气候适应和过去杂交的见解，而差异将提供特定环境适应和选择压力的信息。4791只羊（825只SAR， 2683只PAG， 1283只IST）进行SNP基因分型（质量控制后为40995个SNP）。通过连锁不平衡和外加剂对种群结构进行了研究。为了识别选择的特征，我们采用了纯合子（ROH）、Wright’s固定指数（FST）、跨群体扩展单倍型纯合子（XP-EEH）和群体间扩展单倍型纯合子比（Rsb）四种方法。根据FST结果，SAR和IST是品种差异最大的品种。后一个品种表现出最大的基于roh的近交。在6号染色体（33.26 - 46,31 Mb）上发现了一个与IST相关的大选择标记。本研究的结果使在相似环境条件下饲养的三种地中海绵羊品种能够确定共同和私人区域。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of short-term feedlot finishing on carcass traits, colour stability, and sensory quality of Karoo lamb 短期育肥期对卡鲁羔羊胴体性状、颜色稳定性和感官品质的影响

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107646

J.M. Boden , J. Marais , L.C. Hoffman , J.H.G. van Zyl , P.E. Strydom

The flavour-specific character of Karoo lamb meat as a geographic product is linked to region-specific fragrant shrubs grazed by sheep. During severe drought, lambs are often removed from veld pastures and finished in feedlots, which may dilute their distinctive sensory attributes and alter overall quality. This study investigated the effect of short-term feedlot finishing on Karoo lamb meat quality. Dorper ram lambs (30.14 ± 2.78 kg; 3–4 months) were subjected to cereal/lucerne-based diets for different durations: D0 (grazing; n = 8), D21 (21 days; n = 8), and D28 (28 days; n = 8). A randomised block design with three treatments and eight replications (n = 24) was used. Data were analysed with a linear mixed-effects model, with feeding duration as a fixed effect and animal, abattoir, slaughter day, tasting day, and session as random effects. For colour shelf life, a split-plot design was applied. Slaughter weight (P = 0.032), carcass weight (P = 0.005), backfat thickness (P = 0.029), and intramuscular fat (P < 0.001) all increased with feedlot duration. Longissimus muscles from D0 carcasses exhibited higher redness (P = 0.019) but less favourable hue angle values over a seven-day display period compared with feedlot groups. Fat from D0 also received higher (P < 0.05) scores for aromas typical of Karoo lamb, whereas ‘pastoral’ fat aromas were most pronounced in D21 and D28. In conclusion, although feedlot finishing increased carcass size and fatness, the distinctive sensory character of Karoo lamb was not maintained when veld-grazed lambs were finished on a grain/alfalfa diet for up to 28 days.

卡鲁羊肉作为一种地理产品，其独特的风味特征与绵羊放牧的地区特有的芳香灌木有关。在严重干旱期间，羔羊经常被从草原牧场移走，在饲养场完成，这可能会稀释它们独特的感官属性，并改变整体质量。研究了短期育肥期对卡鲁羔羊肉品质的影响。小村ram羊羔(30.14 ±2.78  公斤;3 - 4个月)受到谷物/ lucerne-based饮食不同的持续时间:D0(放牧;n = 8),D21(21天;n = 8),和D28(28天;n = 8)。采用随机区组设计，3个处理，8个重复（n = 24）。采用线性混合效应模型对数据进行分析，其中饲养时间为固定效应，动物、屠宰场、屠宰日、试食日和饲养期为随机效应。为了保证颜色的保质期，采用了分块设计。屠宰重（P = 0.032）、胴体重（P = 0.005）、背膘厚度（P = 0.029）和肌内脂肪（P <； 0.001）均随饲养期延长而增加。与饲养场组相比，D0胴体最长肌在7天的展示期内呈现更高的红色（P = 0.019），但色相角值较差。D0的脂肪也具有较高的卡鲁羔羊典型香气得分（P <； 0.05），而“田园”脂肪香气在D21和D28中最为明显。综上所述，尽管放牧区肥育提高了卡鲁羔羊的胴体尺寸和肥度，但饲喂谷物/苜蓿饲粮长达28 d后，卡鲁羔羊的感官特性并没有保持。

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引用次数: 0

Feed restriction has no effect on milk lipolysis, although it results in a marked reduction in milk lipoprotein lipase activity in dairy goats 饲喂限制对奶山羊的乳脂分解没有影响，但会导致乳脂蛋白脂肪酶活性显著降低

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107649

L. Bernard , C. Hurtaud , H. Larroque , P. Iommelli , T. Fassier , A. Rau , C. Cebo

Climate change pressures livestock feeding systems by reducing the availability and nutritional quality of forages and pasture. Previous studies have shown that dietary restriction impacts milk lipolysis (i.e. the hydrolysis of milk fat by lipoprotein lipase (LPL)) in cows and ewes. However, data regarding the effects of feed restriction on milk lipolysis in goats are scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the impact of feed restriction on goat milk composition, with a specific focus on lipolysis, LPL activity and milk fat characteristics. For that purpose, two groups of 12 dairy goats (121 ± 7 days in milk) balanced with regard to the α_s1-casein (CSN1S1) genotype (7 A/A goats, corresponding to strong CSN1S1 genotypes and 5 O/O goats, corresponding to null CSN1S1 genotypes) received either a control diet (100 % of the dry matter intake (DMI) ad libitum: non-restricted; NR) or the experimental diet (65 % of the DMI ad libitum: restricted; R) according to a 2 × 2 cross-over design. Dietary restriction did not significantly affect either lipolysis levels in milk or milk fat globule size, whereas a sharp decrease was observed in milk LPL activity within the short-term restriction window tested. A genotype effect was evidenced for milk lipolysis (copper soap method), milk fat content and milk fat yield. No genotype × diet effect was observed with regard to lipolysis or LPL activity under feed restriction. This work provides a solid framework for follow-up lipidomic and proteomic studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of the lipolytic system in goats.

气候变化降低了牧草和牧草的可得性和营养质量，给牲畜饲养系统带来了压力。先前的研究表明，饮食限制会影响奶牛和母羊的乳脂分解（即脂蛋白脂肪酶（LPL）水解乳脂）。然而，关于限制饲料对山羊乳脂肪分解的影响的数据很少。因此，本研究旨在研究限饲对羊奶成分的影响，重点关注脂肪分解、LPL活性和乳脂特性。为此，在αs1-酪蛋白（CSN1S1）基因型平衡的两组奶山羊（121只 ± 7 d）（7只 A/A，对应CSN1S1强基因型，5只 O/O，对应CSN1S1无基因型）中，分别饲喂对照饲粮（100 %干物质采食量，不受限制）；根据2 × 2交叉设计，试验饲粮（65 % DMI自由支配：限制；R）。饮食限制没有显著影响牛奶中的脂肪分解水平或乳脂球大小，而在短期限制窗口测试中，观察到牛奶LPL活性急剧下降。乳脂分解（铜皂法）、乳脂含量和乳脂产量均存在基因型效应。在限饲条件下，未观察到基因型× 饲粮对脂肪分解和LPL活性的影响。这项工作为后续的脂质组学和蛋白质组学研究提供了一个坚实的框架，以全面了解山羊脂溶系统的调节。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and validation of stable reference genes for quantitative PCR in small ruminants under high-altitude hypoxic and tropical conditions 高原缺氧和热带环境下小反刍动物定量PCR稳定内参基因的鉴定与验证

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107651

Mahanthi Vasu , Sonika Ahlawat , Reena Arora , Rekha Sharma , NH Mohan , MA Mir , Manoj Kumar Singh

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a routinely-used technique for quantifying the expression of target genes across various tissues, as well as under different physiological and environmental conditions. The selection of suitable reference genes is essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data interpretation in gene expression studies. At present, there are no suitable reference gene (RG) panels available for small ruminant populations reared in high-altitude hypoxic and tropical environments. Hence, this study aimed to identify a set of stably expressed reference genes from a pool of 18 candidates (RPS9, BACH1, RPS15, GAPDH, PPIB, UXT, RPS28, PPIA, YWHAZ, RPLP0, ACTB, HPRT1, HMBS, SDHA, B2M, PGK1, RPL19, and TBP) in four tissues (skin, muscle, heart, and lung) of sheep and goat populations reared at high-altitude and tropical conditions. The stability of these genes was evaluated using commonly employed statistical algorithms including geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta Ct (ΔCt), and RefFinder. Consistent rankings were observed across different algorithms and RefFinder was subsequently utilized to provide a comprehensive ranking by integrating the outputs from different methods. Genes with higher stability rankings, like B2M, PPIB, BACH1 and ACTB are more reliable and well-suited for accurate normalization. On the other hand, RPS15, RPLP0, and TBP genes were identified as the least stable, indicating their limited suitability for normalization purposes. Our findings were validated by conducting qPCR analysis on two target genes (KRT18 and KRT19) using skin samples from sheep and goat breeds. On the basis of these results, we recommend B2M, PPIB, BACH1 and ACTB as reliable internal control genes for qPCR studies involving small ruminant populations adapted to distinct altitudes.

定量PCR （qPCR）是一种常用的技术，用于定量靶基因在不同组织以及不同生理和环境条件下的表达。在基因表达研究中，选择合适的内参基因对于保证数据解释的准确性和可靠性至关重要。目前，对于在高海拔低氧和热带环境中饲养的小型反刍动物种群，还没有合适的内参基因（RG）面板。因此，本研究旨在从18个候选基因（RPS9、BACH1、RPS15、GAPDH、PPIB、UXT、RPS28、PPIA、YWHAZ、RPLP0、ACTB、HPRT1、HMBS、SDHA、B2M、PGK1、RPL19和TBP）中鉴定一组在高海拔和热带条件下饲养的绵羊和山羊群体的4种组织（皮肤、肌肉、心脏和肺）中稳定表达的内参基因。使用常用的统计算法评估这些基因的稳定性，包括geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper、Delta Ct （ΔCt）和RefFinder。在不同的算法中观察到一致的排名，随后使用RefFinder通过整合不同方法的输出来提供综合排名。稳定性排名较高的基因，如B2M、PPIB、BACH1和ACTB，更可靠，更适合精确归一化。另一方面，RPS15、RPLP0和TBP基因被鉴定为最不稳定的基因，表明它们对规范化目的的适用性有限。我们的研究结果通过使用绵羊和山羊品种的皮肤样本对两个目标基因（KRT18和KRT19）进行qPCR分析得到验证。基于这些结果，我们推荐B2M、PPIB、BACH1和ACTB作为可靠的内控基因，用于涉及适应不同海拔的小型反刍动物种群的qPCR研究。

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引用次数: 0

Sweet and deproteinized sheep whey: A nutrient-rich coproduct with seasonal variability 甜和脱蛋白羊乳清：一种营养丰富的副产品，具有季节性变化

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107635

Clarissa Detomi de Albuquerque , Muriel Cerny , Fabiana Luísa Silva , Loubnah Belahcen , Elodie Doutart , Magali Peter , Hélène Tormo , Romain Valentin

This study evaluated the nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of sweet and deproteinized sheep whey across seasons. Whey type significantly affected composition, with deproteinized whey showing lower total solids (6.82 %) than sweet whey (7.64 %), primarily due to reduced protein (0.89 % vs. 1.56 %) and fat (0.19 % vs. 0.55 %) content. Both were lactose-rich (50 g/L). Seasonal variations were observed, with higher fat in summer and increased sugar in winter. Sheep whey consists primarily of saturated fatty acids (80 %), with polyunsaturated fatty acids (2.6 %) showing a favorable ω6/ω3 ratio (3.44–2.85) compared to cow whey (4.0). Seasonal diets influenced fatty acid composition, increasing MUFA in summer and SFA in winter. Essential (31,7 %) and branched-chain (19 %) amino acids were present, with proline and glutamic acid abundant. The study is limited to a single dairy over one year, and findings may not fully represent other dairies, breeds, or production conditions. These results highlight whey’s potential as a valuable cheese coproduct for innovative foods and sustainable artisanal sheep dairy.

本研究评价了甜羊乳清和脱蛋白羊乳清在不同季节的营养和理化特性。乳清类型显著影响其组成，去蛋白乳清的总固体含量（6.82 %）低于甜乳清（7.64 %），主要是由于蛋白质（0.89 % vs. 1.56 %）和脂肪（0.19 % vs. 0.55 %）含量降低。两者都富含乳糖（50 g/L）。观察到季节变化，夏季高脂肪，冬季高糖。绵羊乳清主要由饱和脂肪酸（80 %）和多不饱和脂肪酸（2.6 %）组成，与奶牛乳清（4.0）相比，ω6/ω3比值（3.44-2.85）较好。季节性日粮影响脂肪酸组成，夏季增加MUFA，冬季增加SFA。含有必需氨基酸（31.7 %）和支链氨基酸（19 %），其中脯氨酸和谷氨酸含量丰富。该研究仅限于一年以上的单一乳制品，研究结果可能不能完全代表其他乳制品，品种或生产条件。这些结果突出了乳清作为创新食品和可持续手工绵羊乳制品的有价值的奶酪副产品的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Inbreeding and population structure in the Swedish Landrace goat and a signature of selection in the region of the casein genes 瑞典长白山羊的近交和种群结构以及酪蛋白基因区域的选择特征

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107650

Bernadett Hegedűs , Piter Bijma , Anna M. Johansson

The Swedish Landrace goat is the most common dairy goat in Sweden. However, very few genetic studies have been done on this breed. This study therefore aimed to describe the population structure and the level of inbreeding. Forty-eight (48) samples from eight farms were studied with a medium density SNP chip. To study the population structure, a principal coordinate analysis and an admixture analysis were conducted. The level of inbreeding was investigated with three measures; observed heterozygosity, F_ROH and approximated coancestry. The results show that there is some structuring in the population and this structure is not solely due to the geographic location of these farms. The inbreeding level varies between the farms but is comparable to other European non-island goat populations. A potential signature of selection was identified on Chromosome 6 with ROH in the region of the casein genes. This is an important finding that shows that there have been selection for milk production.

瑞典长白山羊是瑞典最常见的奶山羊。然而，很少有关于这个品种的遗传研究。因此，本研究旨在描述种群结构和近交水平。采用中密度SNP芯片对来自8个养殖场的48份样本进行了研究。对种群结构进行了主坐标分析和外合分析。采用三种方法调查近交水平；观察到杂合性、FROH和近似共祖先。结果表明，种群中存在一定的结构，这种结构不仅仅是由于这些农场的地理位置。近交水平因农场而异，但与其他欧洲非岛屿山羊种群相当。在6号染色体上发现了一个潜在的选择标记，在酪蛋白基因区域有ROH。这是一项重要的发现，表明牛奶产量存在选择。

引用次数: 0