Small Ruminant Research最新文献_第4页

Evaluation of supplemental feeding behavior in Katahdin lambs divergently selected for fecal egg count estimated breeding value 根据粪蛋数和繁殖价值不同选择的卡塔丁羔羊的补充饲喂行为评价

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107667

Nicole K. Valliere-Kopetzky , Donald L. Wright , Scott P. Greiner , Scott A. Bowdridge , Andrew R. Weaver

Genetic selection and nutritional supplementation are potential methods to mitigate the impact of parasitism in sheep. Understanding feeding behavior of growing lambs divergently selected for parasite resistance (LowFEC) or susceptibility (HighFEC) using the fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding value (EBV) may help quantify the interaction of genetic selection and supplemental feeding on parasitism. Over two years [Year 1 (Y1) and Year 2 (Y2)], LowFEC Katahdin ewes (Y1: n = 52; Y2: n = 40) were randomly bred to LowFEC Katahdin rams (Y1: n = 3; Y2: n = 3) and HighFEC Katahdin ewes (Y1: n = 48; Y2: n = 50) were randomly bred to HighFEC Katahdin rams (Y1: n = 3; Y2: n = 3). Prior to weaning (Y1: 76 d; Y2: 92 d), pairs were managed as one contemporary group on fescue-based pasture. At weaning, a subset of LowFEC (Y1: n = 27; Y2: n = 37) and HighFEC (Y1: n = 24; Y2: n = 40) lambs were randomly assigned to a dry-lot feeding trial. During this time, lambs received ad libitum supplementation of a concentrate pellet (16 % CP, 76 % TDN) via the SmartFeeder (SSFeeder). Harvested mix-grass forages were also provided ad libitum. Throughout the feeding trial in both years, frequency of SSFeeder visits and daily supplemental intake were collected via the SSFeeder and supplemental feed:gain (S:G) was calculated. Fecal egg counts, body weights, average daily gain (ADG), and FAMACHA scores were collected biweekly. Fecal egg counts and FAMACHA scores were collected to verify reduced parasite burden on dry-lot after being managed on pasture pre-weaning. In Y1, LowFEC lambs tended to have greater daily supplemental feed intakes (P = 0.06), while no differences existed between genotypes in Y2. No differences existed between genotypes for number of daily SSFeeder visits or S:G in either year. In Y2, LowFEC lambs had greater ADG than HighFEC lambs (P < 0.05). In both years, LowFEC lambs had lower FECs compared to HighFEC lambs (P = 0.05). These results indicate that selection for LowFEC EBV does improve parasite resistance and FEC EBV had inconsistent effects on supplemental feed intake and growth.

遗传选择和营养补充是减轻绵羊寄生影响的潜在方法。利用粪卵数（FEC）估计育种值（EBV）了解不同寄生虫抗性（LowFEC）或敏感性（HighFEC）选择的生长羔羊的摄食行为，有助于量化遗传选择和补充摄食对寄生的相互作用。两年多[1 (Y1)和每年2 (Y2)], LowFEC Katahdin母羊(Y1: n = 52;Y2: n = 40)被随机培育LowFEC Katahdin公羊(Y1: n = 3;Y2: n = 3)和HighFEC Katahdin母羊(Y1: n = 48;Y2: n = 50)被随机培育HighFEC Katahdin公羊(Y1: n = 3;Y2: n = 3)。断奶前（Y1: 76 d; Y2: 92 d），各组在以羊茅为基础的牧场上饲养。在断奶时，将低fec羔羊（Y1: n = 27;Y2: n = 37）和高fec羔羊（Y1: n = 24;Y2: n = 40）随机分配到干地饲养试验中。在此期间，羔羊通过SmartFeeder （SSFeeder）随意补充浓缩颗粒（16 % CP, 76 % TDN）。收获的混合草料也可随意提供。在两年的饲养试验中，通过SSFeeder收集SSFeeder的访问频率和日添加摄入量，并计算添加料重比（S:G）。每两周收集粪蛋数、体重、平均日增重（ADG）和FAMACHA评分。收集粪卵计数和FAMACHA评分，以验证断奶前牧场管理后干地寄生虫负担减轻。在Y1阶段，低fec羔羊有较高的日补充采食量的趋势（P = 0.06），而在Y2阶段，不同基因型羔羊之间无差异。两年内SSFeeder的每日访问量和S:G在基因型之间没有差异。Y2时，低fec羔羊的平均日增重高于高fec羔羊（P <； 0.05）。在这两年中，低fec羔羊的fec比高fec羔羊低（P = 0.05）。综上所述，选择低FEC EBV确实可以提高对寄生虫的抵抗力，但FEC EBV对饲粮采食量和生长的影响并不一致。

{"title":"Evaluation of supplemental feeding behavior in Katahdin lambs divergently selected for fecal egg count estimated breeding value","authors":"Nicole K. Valliere-Kopetzky , Donald L. Wright , Scott P. Greiner , Scott A. Bowdridge , Andrew R. Weaver","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic selection and nutritional supplementation are potential methods to mitigate the impact of parasitism in sheep. Understanding feeding behavior of growing lambs divergently selected for parasite resistance (LowFEC) or susceptibility (HighFEC) using the fecal egg count (FEC) estimated breeding value (EBV) may help quantify the interaction of genetic selection and supplemental feeding on parasitism. Over two years [Year 1 (Y1) and Year 2 (Y2)], LowFEC Katahdin ewes (Y1: n = 52; Y2: n = 40) were randomly bred to LowFEC Katahdin rams (Y1: n = 3; Y2: n = 3) and HighFEC Katahdin ewes (Y1: n = 48; Y2: n = 50) were randomly bred to HighFEC Katahdin rams (Y1: n = 3; Y2: n = 3). Prior to weaning (Y1: 76 d; Y2: 92 d), pairs were managed as one contemporary group on fescue-based pasture. At weaning, a subset of LowFEC (Y1: n = 27; Y2: n = 37) and HighFEC (Y1: n = 24; Y2: n = 40) lambs were randomly assigned to a dry-lot feeding trial. During this time, lambs received ad libitum supplementation of a concentrate pellet (16 % CP, 76 % TDN) via the SmartFeeder (SSFeeder). Harvested mix-grass forages were also provided ad libitum. Throughout the feeding trial in both years, frequency of SSFeeder visits and daily supplemental intake were collected via the SSFeeder and supplemental feed:gain (S:G) was calculated. Fecal egg counts, body weights, average daily gain (ADG), and FAMACHA scores were collected biweekly. Fecal egg counts and FAMACHA scores were collected to verify reduced parasite burden on dry-lot after being managed on pasture pre-weaning. In Y1, LowFEC lambs tended to have greater daily supplemental feed intakes (<em>P</em> = 0.06), while no differences existed between genotypes in Y2. No differences existed between genotypes for number of daily SSFeeder visits or S:G in either year. In Y2, LowFEC lambs had greater ADG than HighFEC lambs (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In both years, LowFEC lambs had lower FECs compared to HighFEC lambs (<em>P</em> = 0.05). These results indicate that selection for LowFEC EBV does improve parasite resistance and FEC EBV had inconsistent effects on supplemental feed intake and growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 107667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polymorphisms of XKR4 and ANGPTL4 genes and their association with growth traits in Hu sheep 湖羊XKR4和ANGPTL4基因多态性及其与生长性状的关系

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107665

Qijia Dai , Xiaobin Yang , Qi Zhang , Chengqi Yan , Lianjun Feng , Yukun Zhang , Deyin Zhang , Zongwu Ma , Yanchao Li , Hongmei Hou , Tong Cai , Bo Ma , Peiliang Cao , Guoxing Jia , Jian Zhang , Fadi Li , Weimin Wang , Huibin Tian

Growth traits are among the key economic indicators in sheep production. XKR4, repeatedly linked to growth and energy metabolism, and ANGPTL4, a regulator of lipid partitioning and muscle development, were prioritized as candidates for growth-trait association in Hu sheep. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of the XKR4 and ANGPTL4 genes in various tissues of Hu sheep and assess the associations between their polymorphisms and growth traits in Hu sheep, with the objective of identifying potential molecular markers for growth traits improvement. A synonymous mutation (g.35950652 C > T) in XKR4 and a mutation in intron (g.14750067 T > A) in ANGPTL4 were identified by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Genotyping of these two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were performed in 996 male Hu sheep using the Allele-Specific Quantitative PCR based genotyping assay (AQP) genotyping technique, followed by association analysis with growth traits. The results showed that XKR4 g.35950652 C > T was significantly associated with body weight (80–180 days), body height (100–180 days), and chest circumference (P < 0.05), while ANGPTL4 g.14750067 T > A was significantly associated with body weight and chest circumference (80–180 days), as well as cannon circumference (120–140 days) (P < 0.05). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to determine the relative expression level of XKR4 and ANGPTL4 in ten tissues: heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, rumen, duodenum, muscle, lymph, and tail fat. The XKR4 gene showed the highest expression level in the heart, and relatively low expression level in the other nine tissues. In contrast, ANGPTL4 was most abundantly expressed in the liver, followed by tail fat and muscle, with low expression level in the remaining tissues. In conclusion, these two SNPs may serve as promising candidate molecular markers for the genetic improvement of growth traits in Hu sheep.

生长性状是绵羊生产的关键经济指标之一。XKR4与生长和能量代谢反复相关，ANGPTL4是脂质分配和肌肉发育的调节剂，被优先考虑作为湖羊生长性状关联的候选者。本研究旨在研究XKR4和ANGPTL4基因在湖羊各组织中的表达水平，并探讨其多态性与湖羊生长性状的关系，以寻找可能改善生长性状的分子标记。通过PCR扩增和Sanger测序，鉴定出XKR4同源突变（g.35950652 C >； T）和ANGPTL4内含子突变（g.14750067 T >； A）。采用基于等位基因特异性定量PCR的基因分型技术（AQP）对996只雄性湖羊进行了这两个单核苷酸多态性（snp）的基因分型，并进行了与生长性状的相关性分析。结果表明,XKR4 g.35950652 C祝辞 T与体重显著相关(80 - 180天),身体高度(100 - 180天),和胸围(P & lt; 0.05),而ANGPTL4 g.14750067 T 祝辞 显著相关,体重和胸围(80 - 180天),以及炮周长(120 - 140天)(P & lt; 0.05)。采用实时荧光定量PCR （Quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR）检测XKR4和ANGPTL4在大鼠心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺、肾、瘤胃、十二指肠、肌肉、淋巴和尾部脂肪等10个组织中的相对表达水平。其中XKR4基因在心脏中的表达量最高，在其他9个组织中的表达量相对较低。相反，ANGPTL4在肝脏中表达量最高，其次是尾脂肪和肌肉，其余组织中表达量较低。综上所述，这两个snp可作为湖羊生长性状遗传改良的候选分子标记。

{"title":"Polymorphisms of XKR4 and ANGPTL4 genes and their association with growth traits in Hu sheep","authors":"Qijia Dai , Xiaobin Yang , Qi Zhang , Chengqi Yan , Lianjun Feng , Yukun Zhang , Deyin Zhang , Zongwu Ma , Yanchao Li , Hongmei Hou , Tong Cai , Bo Ma , Peiliang Cao , Guoxing Jia , Jian Zhang , Fadi Li , Weimin Wang , Huibin Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growth traits are among the key economic indicators in sheep production. <em>XKR4</em>, repeatedly linked to growth and energy metabolism, and <em>ANGPTL4</em>, a regulator of lipid partitioning and muscle development, were prioritized as candidates for growth-trait association in Hu sheep. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of the <em>XKR4</em> and <em>ANGPTL4</em> genes in various tissues of Hu sheep and assess the associations between their polymorphisms and growth traits in Hu sheep, with the objective of identifying potential molecular markers for growth traits improvement. A synonymous mutation (g.35950652 C > T) in <em>XKR4</em> and a mutation in intron (g.14750067 T > A) in <em>ANGPTL4</em> were identified by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Genotyping of these two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were performed in 996 male Hu sheep using the Allele-Specific Quantitative PCR based genotyping assay (AQP) genotyping technique, followed by association analysis with growth traits. The results showed that <em>XKR4</em> g.35950652 C > T was significantly associated with body weight (80–180 days), body height (100–180 days), and chest circumference (<em>P</em> < 0.05), while <em>ANGPTL4</em> g.14750067 T > A was significantly associated with body weight and chest circumference (80–180 days), as well as cannon circumference (120–140 days) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to determine the relative expression level of <em>XKR4</em> and <em>ANGPTL4</em> in ten tissues: heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, rumen, duodenum, muscle, lymph, and tail fat. The <em>XKR4</em> gene showed the highest expression level in the heart, and relatively low expression level in the other nine tissues. In contrast, <em>ANGPTL4</em> was most abundantly expressed in the liver, followed by tail fat and muscle, with low expression level in the remaining tissues. In conclusion, these two SNPs may serve as promising candidate molecular markers for the genetic improvement of growth traits in Hu sheep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 107665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying the epitope of the monoclonal antibody 4G6 within the Nucleoprotein of the peste-des-petits-ruminants virus 小反刍兽疫病毒核蛋白单克隆抗体4G6抗原表位的鉴定

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107666

V.V. Dhanesh , Sameer Shrivastava , Dheeraj Chaudhary , S. ChandraSekar , Ajay K. Yadav , Kaushal K. Rajak , R.P. Singh , Muthannan A. Ramakrishnan , Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan

Peste-des-petits ruminants (PPR) is a significant transboundary viral ailment affecting small ruminants. The N protein is a primary target in most diagnostic assays for PPRV. Our laboratory introduced an N gene-based s-ELISA about two decades ago, and this test remains in use. In this study, we characterized the epitope of the monoclonal antibody 4G6 within the N protein. Employing a prokaryotic expression system, three overlapping fragments of the N gene were generated, revealing the reactivity of mAb 4G6 in the N-terminal region. Further confirmation was conducted through Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and peptide library screening, which pinpointed the epitope's amino acid sequence as "GVMISMLSLFVESPGQLIQR," corresponding to the 71–90 amino acid positions in the PPRV N protein. This identified epitope holds promise for contributing to the development of rapid diagnostic assays.

小反刍动物害虫（pest -des-petits ruminants， PPR）是影响小反刍动物的一种重要的跨界病毒性疾病。N蛋白是大多数PPRV诊断检测的主要目标。我们的实验室大约在20年前推出了基于N基因的s-ELISA，并且这种测试仍然在使用。在这项研究中，我们在N蛋白内鉴定了单克隆抗体4G6的表位。利用原核表达系统，产生了三个重叠的N基因片段，揭示了mAb 4G6在N端区域的反应性。通过表面等离子体共振（SPR）和肽库筛选进一步确认，确定表位的氨基酸序列为“GVMISMLSLFVESPGQLIQR”，对应于PPRV N蛋白的71-90个氨基酸位置。这一确定的表位有望促进快速诊断分析的发展。

引用次数: 0

The inclusion of black cumin meal in the diet of Awassi ewes during the nursing period: A performance investigation 育婴期阿瓦西母羊日粮中添加黑孜然粉的性能研究

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107664

Ja'far Al-Khaza'leh , Belal Obeidat

This study consisted of two trials to determine the effect of black cumin meal (BCM; Nigella sativa L.) on the milk characteristics, nutrient intake and digestibility of Awassi ewes as well as the pre-weaning growth of their suckling lambs. Two different diets were used: 0 % BCM (CON) and 20 % BCM (BCM20) of dietary dry matter (DM). In the first trial, 28 ewes were randomly assigned to one of the two dietary treatments (14 ewes/diet). In the second trial, 10 ewes were randomly selected (5 ewes/diet) to assess the digestibility of nutrients. In trial 1, the BCM20 diet led to an increased intake of neutral detergent fibre, ether extract (EE) and metabolisable energy compared to the CON diet. Moreover, DM and acid-detergent fibre intake tended to be higher in the BCM20 diet compared to the CON diet. The lambs’ growth performance in the BCM20 group was greater (p ≤ 0.05) than that in the CON group. Milk yield, milk protein and lactose production were also higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the BCM20 diet. The cost of milk production was significantly higher for the CON diet than for the BCM20 diet. Compared to the CON diet, ewes in the BCM20 group showed a higher energy-corrected milk value. In trial 2, the digestibility of DM, crude protein and EE was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) for ewes fed the BCM20 diet. This study highlights the potential of including 20 % BCM as an alternative for expensive components in the diet of Awassi sheep.

本试验分为两个试验，旨在研究黑孜然粉（BCM; Nigella sativa L.）对阿瓦西母羊乳汁特性、营养物质摄入和消化率以及哺乳羔羊断奶前生长的影响。试验采用两种不同的饲粮：0 % BCM （CON）和20 % BCM （BCM20）的饲粮干物质（DM）。在第一次试验中，28只母羊被随机分配到两种饲粮处理中（14只母羊/日粮）。第二试验随机选取10只母羊（5只母羊/日粮），评估营养物质的消化率。在试验1中，与CON日粮相比，BCM20日粮增加了中性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪（EE）和代谢能的摄入量。此外，BCM20饲粮的干物质和酸性洗涤纤维摄入量倾向于高于CON饲粮。BCM20组羔羊的生长性能显著高于CON组（p ≤ 0.05）。BCM20饲粮的产奶量、乳蛋白和乳糖产量也较高（p ≤ 0.05）。CON饲粮的产奶成本显著高于BCM20饲粮。与CON组相比，BCM20组的母羊显示出更高的能量校正奶值。试验2中，饲喂BCM20饲粮的母羊DM、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪消化率显著提高（P ≤ 0.05）。这项研究强调了在阿瓦西羊的日粮中添加20 % BCM作为昂贵成分替代品的潜力。

{"title":"The inclusion of black cumin meal in the diet of Awassi ewes during the nursing period: A performance investigation","authors":"Ja'far Al-Khaza'leh , Belal Obeidat","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study consisted of two trials to determine the effect of black cumin meal (BCM; <em>Nigella sativa</em> L.) on the milk characteristics, nutrient intake and digestibility of Awassi ewes as well as the pre-weaning growth of their suckling lambs. Two different diets were used: 0 % BCM (CON) and 20 % BCM (BCM20) of dietary dry matter (DM). In the first trial, 28 ewes were randomly assigned to one of the two dietary treatments (14 ewes/diet). In the second trial, 10 ewes were randomly selected (5 ewes/diet) to assess the digestibility of nutrients. In trial 1, the BCM20 diet led to an increased intake of neutral detergent fibre, ether extract (EE) and metabolisable energy compared to the CON diet. Moreover, DM and acid-detergent fibre intake tended to be higher in the BCM20 diet compared to the CON diet. The lambs’ growth performance in the BCM20 group was greater (p ≤ 0.05) than that in the CON group. Milk yield, milk protein and lactose production were also higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the BCM20 diet. The cost of milk production was significantly higher for the CON diet than for the BCM20 diet. Compared to the CON diet, ewes in the BCM20 group showed a higher energy-corrected milk value. In trial 2, the digestibility of DM, crude protein and EE was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) for ewes fed the BCM20 diet. This study highlights the potential of including 20 % BCM as an alternative for expensive components in the diet of Awassi sheep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 107664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The inclusion of Camelthorn (Alhagi spp.) in goat ration: Effect on goat and kids’ performance, milk production, fermentation parameters and blood metabolites 山羊日粮中添加骆驼刺对山羊生产性能、产奶量、发酵参数和血液代谢产物的影响

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107660

A. Aghashahi , K. Rezayazdi , A. Ashkvari , A. Tanhaee , R. Shahzad , H. Adel

This research sought to explore the advantages of replacing camelthorn (CTH) with the forage needed by Mahabadi dairy goats and to assess how this change affects the growth performance of their kids. Thirty-six lactating Mahabadi goats, grouped by weight and age, were divided into three dietary treatments, with 12 replicates per group, following a completely randomized design. The treatments included 1) a control diet without CTH, 2) a diet with 31 % of forage replaced by CTH, and 3) a diet with 62 % forage replaced with CTH. In vitro gas production and gas related parameters were measured. Moreover, digestibility, milk yield, nutrient intake, and blood parameters were evaluated using specific methods. Dietary CTH supplementation linearly lowered gas production, gas estimated parameters; however dietary NFC/NDF ratio and phenolics were linearly increased by adding CTH (P < 0.01). While nutrient intake remained unchanged across treatments (P ≥ 0.05), trend analysis showed a linear decrease in dry matter intake with increasing levels of CTH in the diet (P < 0.01). The inclusion of CTH linearly reduced feed cost while increased animal growth performance (P < 0.01). No significant treatment effects were observed on in vivo digestibility for organic matter, dry matter, and neutral detergent fiber; nevertheless, increasing the CTH level decreased crude protein digestibility (P < 0.01). Diet including CTH improved milk yield, composition (such as fat and protein), and milk production efficiency. The dietary addition of CTH did not affect blood urea nitrogen, but increased glucose and total protein concentration. In contrast, an increasing level of CTH decreased cholesterol concentration. These results showed that CTH could be a good forage option for small ruminant farms where environmental factors restrict common forage cultivation.

本研究旨在探索用Mahabadi奶山羊所需的饲料替代骆驼刺（CTH）的优势，并评估这种变化如何影响其孩子的生长性能。试验采用完全随机设计，选取36只哺乳期马哈巴迪山羊，按体重和年龄分组，分为3个饲粮处理，每组12个重复。处理包括：1)不含CTH的对照饲粮，2)CTH替代饲粮中31% %的饲料，3)CTH替代饲粮中62% %的饲料。测定体外产气量及相关参数。此外，采用特定的方法评估消化率、产奶量、营养摄入量和血液参数。饲粮中添加CTH可线性降低产气量、产气估算参数；添加CTH可使饲粮NFC/NDF比和酚类物质线性增加（P <； 0.01）。各处理间营养摄取量保持不变（P ≥ 0.05），趋势分析显示干物质摄取量随饲粮中CTH水平的增加呈线性下降（P <； 0.01）。添加CTH可线性降低饲料成本，提高动物生长性能（P <； 0.01）。各处理对有机物、干物质和中性洗涤纤维的体内消化率无显著影响；但CTH水平升高会降低粗蛋白质消化率（P <； 0.01）。饲粮中添加CTH可提高产奶量、成分（如脂肪和蛋白质）和产奶效率。饲粮中添加CTH对血尿素氮无影响，但提高了血糖和总蛋白浓度。相反，CTH水平升高会降低胆固醇浓度。这些结果表明，对于环境因素限制普通饲料种植的小型反刍动物养殖场，CTH可能是一种良好的饲料选择。

{"title":"The inclusion of Camelthorn (Alhagi spp.) in goat ration: Effect on goat and kids’ performance, milk production, fermentation parameters and blood metabolites","authors":"A. Aghashahi , K. Rezayazdi , A. Ashkvari , A. Tanhaee , R. Shahzad , H. Adel","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research sought to explore the advantages of replacing camelthorn (CTH) with the forage needed by Mahabadi dairy goats and to assess how this change affects the growth performance of their kids. Thirty-six lactating Mahabadi goats, grouped by weight and age, were divided into three dietary treatments, with 12 replicates per group, following a completely randomized design. The treatments included 1) a control diet without CTH, 2) a diet with 31 % of forage replaced by CTH, and 3) a diet with 62 % forage replaced with CTH. In vitro gas production and gas related parameters were measured. Moreover, digestibility, milk yield, nutrient intake, and blood parameters were evaluated using specific methods. Dietary CTH supplementation linearly lowered gas production, gas estimated parameters; however dietary NFC/NDF ratio and phenolics were linearly increased by adding CTH (P < 0.01). While nutrient intake remained unchanged across treatments (P ≥ 0.05), trend analysis showed a linear decrease in dry matter intake with increasing levels of CTH in the diet (P < 0.01). The inclusion of CTH linearly reduced feed cost while increased animal growth performance (P < 0.01). No significant treatment effects were observed on in vivo digestibility for organic matter, dry matter, and neutral detergent fiber; nevertheless, increasing the CTH level decreased crude protein digestibility (P < 0.01). Diet including CTH improved milk yield, composition (such as fat and protein), and milk production efficiency. The dietary addition of CTH did not affect blood urea nitrogen, but increased glucose and total protein concentration. In contrast, an increasing level of CTH decreased cholesterol concentration. These results showed that CTH could be a good forage option for small ruminant farms where environmental factors restrict common forage cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 107660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecological factors modulate seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii in family-managed goat herds from northern Argentina 生态因素调节阿根廷北部家庭管理山羊群中刚地弓形虫血清阳性

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107663

Analía Josefina Mazzuca Pizetti, Ricardo Sarmiento, Olga Sánchez Negrette

Toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed protozoan of public and veterinary health importance. It causes reproductive losses in small ruminants and poses zoonotic risks, particularly in family-managed goat production systems. This study estimated the seroprevalence of T. gondii in rural goats from Salta Province (north-western Argentina) and evaluated ecological drivers of infection. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 38 herds across three geographical regions (West, Central, East). Sera from 453 adult goats were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (cut-off ≥ 1:100). Altitude, annual precipitation and basic management data were recorded per herd. Overall seroprevalence reached 37.7 % (171/453) with wide between-herd variability (0–90 %). Median within-herd prevalence differed descriptively among regions, but one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences (p = 0.28). Therefore, logistic regression was applied to evaluate ecological predictors of infection and revealed that goats located at 1001–2000 m had nearly four-fold higher odds of seropositivity than those above 2000 m (OR = 3.88; 95 % CI 2.14–7.03). Similarly, rainfall of 801–1200 mm increased odds more than four times relative to arid areas (< 400 mm; OR = 4.15; 95 % CI 2.22–7.75). These findings indicate intense local circulation of T. gondii and highlight altitude and precipitation as key environmental predictors. Integrating these variables into risk models could improve surveillance and guide control strategies for vulnerable goat production systems in subtropical environments.

刚地弓形虫是一种全球分布的原生动物，对公共和兽医卫生具有重要意义。它造成小型反刍动物繁殖能力丧失，并造成人畜共患风险，特别是在家庭管理的山羊生产系统中。本研究估计了阿根廷西北部萨尔塔省农村山羊中弓形虫的血清患病率，并评估了感染的生态驱动因素。对三个地理区域（西部、中部和东部）的38个畜群进行了横断面调查。采用间接免疫荧光法（临界值≥1:100）对453只成年山羊的血清进行分析。记录了每头牛的海拔高度、年降水量和基本管理数据。总体血清阳性率达到37.7 %(171/453)，群体间差异较大（0-90 %）。不同地区的群内患病率中位数存在描述性差异，但单因素方差分析显示无显著差异（p = 0.28）。因此，应用逻辑回归评估感染的生态预测因子，结果显示，位于1001-2000 m的山羊的血清阳性几率比位于2000 m以上的山羊高出近4倍（OR = 3.88; 95 % CI 2.14-7.03）。同样，801-1200 mm的降雨量相对于干旱地区增加了四倍以上的几率（< 400 mm; OR = 4.15; 95 % CI 2.22-7.75）。这些发现表明当地弓形虫环流强烈，并强调海拔和降水是关键的环境预测因子。将这些变量整合到风险模型中可以改善亚热带环境中脆弱山羊生产系统的监测和指导控制策略。

{"title":"Ecological factors modulate seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii in family-managed goat herds from northern Argentina","authors":"Analía Josefina Mazzuca Pizetti, Ricardo Sarmiento, Olga Sánchez Negrette","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is a globally distributed protozoan of public and veterinary health importance. It causes reproductive losses in small ruminants and poses zoonotic risks, particularly in family-managed goat production systems. This study estimated the seroprevalence of <em>T. gondii</em> in rural goats from Salta Province (north-western Argentina) and evaluated ecological drivers of infection. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 38 herds across three geographical regions (West, Central, East). Sera from 453 adult goats were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (cut-off ≥ 1:100). Altitude, annual precipitation and basic management data were recorded per herd. Overall seroprevalence reached 37.7 % (171/453) with wide between-herd variability (0–90 %). Median within-herd prevalence differed descriptively among regions, but one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences (p = 0.28). Therefore, logistic regression was applied to evaluate ecological predictors of infection and revealed that goats located at 1001–2000 m had nearly four-fold higher odds of seropositivity than those above 2000 m (OR = 3.88; 95 % CI 2.14–7.03). Similarly, rainfall of 801–1200 mm increased odds more than four times relative to arid areas (< 400 mm; OR = 4.15; 95 % CI 2.22–7.75). These findings indicate intense local circulation of <em>T. gondii</em> and highlight altitude and precipitation as key environmental predictors. Integrating these variables into risk models could improve surveillance and guide control strategies for vulnerable goat production systems in subtropical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 107663"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of genetic and maternal effects on growth traits and trends in Sonadi sheep 遗传和母系对索纳迪羊生长性状和趋势影响的评价

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107656

Priya Jangir , Lokesh Gautam

This study estimated the genetic parameters, maternal effects, and temporal trends of growth traits in Sonadi sheep. Records from 1785 lambs collected between 2010 and 2024 at the Mega Sheep Seed Project (Sonadi Unit), Navania, Udaipur, were analyzed using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) in WOMBAT using six univariate animal models. The traits studied were birth weight (BW) and body weights at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (W3, W6, W9, and YW). After accounting for fixed effects, Model 2 was identified as the best fit for BW, incorporating direct and maternal genetic effects without covariance, with a direct heritability of 0.22 ± 0.05 and maternal heritability of 0.06 ± 0.02. For W3, W6, W9, and YW, Model 1 with direct additive effects alone provided biologically consistent direct heritability estimates of 0.30 ± 0.05, 0.27 ± 0.05, 0.26 ± 0.05, and 0.39 ± 0.05, respectively. Phenotypic trends, estimated by regressing yearly means on birth year, were positive for all traits, with W3 showing the highest annual gain (0.46 ± 0.10 kg/year). Genetic trends, obtained by regressing average EBVs on birth year, indicated consistent improvement, particularly for YW (0.33 ± 0.07 kg/year). Strong genetic correlations were observed among post-weaning weights, including W3–W6 (0.91 ± 0.04), W6–W9 (0.88 ± 0.04), and W9–YW (0.92 ± 0.02), confirming their shared genetic basis. These results indicate that while maternal effects are important in early growth, reliable post-weaning improvement can be achieved through selection at three to six months of age.

本研究估计了索纳迪羊的遗传参数、母系效应和生长性状的时间趋势。2010年至2024年间，在乌代普尔纳瓦尼亚的巨型绵羊种子项目（Sonadi Unit）收集了1785只羊羔的记录，使用6种单变量动物模型对袋熊进行了限制最大似然（REML）分析。研究的性状为出生体重（BW）和3、6、9、12月龄体重（W3、W6、W9、YW）。考虑固定效应后，模型2最适合体重，结合了直接遗传效应和母系遗传效应，无协方差，直接遗传力为0.22 ± 0.05，母系遗传力为0.06 ± 0.02。对于W3、W6、W9和YW，单独考虑直接加性效应的模型1提供了生物学上一致的直接遗传力估计，分别为0.30 ± 0.05、0.27 ± 0.05、0.26 ± 0.05和0.39 ± 0.05。通过对出生年份的年平均值回归估计，所有性状的表型趋势均为正，其中W3的年增重最高（0.46 ± 0.10 kg/年）。通过对出生年份的平均ebv进行回归得到的遗传趋势显示出持续的改善，特别是体重（0.33 ± 0.07 kg/年）。断奶后体重W3-W6（0.91 ± 0.04）、W6-W9（0.88 ± 0.04）和W9-YW（0.92 ± 0.02）具有较强的遗传相关性，证实了它们具有共同的遗传基础。这些结果表明，虽然母亲的影响在早期生长中很重要，但通过3至6个月大时的选择，可以实现可靠的断奶后改善。

{"title":"Evaluation of genetic and maternal effects on growth traits and trends in Sonadi sheep","authors":"Priya Jangir , Lokesh Gautam","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study estimated the genetic parameters, maternal effects, and temporal trends of growth traits in Sonadi sheep. Records from 1785 lambs collected between 2010 and 2024 at the Mega Sheep Seed Project (Sonadi Unit), Navania, Udaipur, were analyzed using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) in WOMBAT using six univariate animal models. The traits studied were birth weight (BW) and body weights at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (W3, W6, W9, and YW). After accounting for fixed effects, Model 2 was identified as the best fit for BW, incorporating direct and maternal genetic effects without covariance, with a direct heritability of 0.22 ± 0.05 and maternal heritability of 0.06 ± 0.02. For W3, W6, W9, and YW, Model 1 with direct additive effects alone provided biologically consistent direct heritability estimates of 0.30 ± 0.05, 0.27 ± 0.05, 0.26 ± 0.05, and 0.39 ± 0.05, respectively. Phenotypic trends, estimated by regressing yearly means on birth year, were positive for all traits, with W3 showing the highest annual gain (0.46 ± 0.10 kg/year). Genetic trends, obtained by regressing average EBVs on birth year, indicated consistent improvement, particularly for YW (0.33 ± 0.07 kg/year). Strong genetic correlations were observed among post-weaning weights, including W3–W6 (0.91 ± 0.04), W6–W9 (0.88 ± 0.04), and W9–YW (0.92 ± 0.02), confirming their shared genetic basis. These results indicate that while maternal effects are important in early growth, reliable post-weaning improvement can be achieved through selection at three to six months of age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 107656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of Asparagopsis oil supplementation level on tissue residues and meat quality of Merino sheep fed high- or low-quality basal diets 天冬酰胺油添加水平对高、低品质基础日粮美利奴羊组织残留物和肉品质的影响

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107659

Charlotte Adam , Emma Doyle , Jillian Dawson , Frances Cowley , Nigel Tomkins , Lewis Kahn , James Preston , Daniel Korir Sitienei , Matthew Tom Harrison , Benjamin W.B. Holman

The use of antimethanogenic feed additives in ruminant diets is gaining attention as a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Asparagopsis spp. (Asparagopsis), a red alga which naturally contains bromoform (CHBr₃), has demonstrated methane abatement potential in small ruminants. In large ruminants, previous research has shown equally promising results for Asparagopsis supplementation in the diet and its minimal effects on CHBr₃ residue and meat quality. This study aimed to address the limited knowledge on sheep meat characteristics for Asparagopsis-oil supplementation. Merino wethers were administered 100 g of supplementary pellets daily with increasing levels of formulated Asparagopsis-oil (A0: 0 mg CHBr₃/kg DM; A1: 36 mg CHBr₃/kg DM; A2: 72 mg CHBr₃/kg DM; A3: 108 mg CHBr₃/kg DM and A4: 144 mg CHBr₃/kg DM) and fed either a high- or low-quality chaff diet. After a 119-d feeding period, 20 wethers (n = 2 per treatment) were slaughtered. Carcasses were evaluated, and meat and offal samples were collected for residue and meat quality testing. Bromoform was not detected in meat or offal samples (at a minimum detection level of < 0.1 mg/kg wet matter basis). The kidneys contained the greatest detectible concentrations of bromide and iodine. The inclusion of Asparagopsis-oil had no impact on cooking loss, pH ultimate and intramuscular fat in longissimus lumborum and semimembranosus muscles. Similarly, supplementation of Asparagopsis-oil had no effect on any color parameters. The results from this study demonstrate that the use of Asparagopsis-oil in supplementary pellets in sheep diets does not compromising meat quality and there is minimal residue risk, but studies with a greater sample size are required to confirm this. A mitigation approach using Asp-oil can produce meat that meets industry standards without compromising quality or residue safety.

作为一种减少温室气体排放的策略，在反刍动物日粮中使用抗甲烷饲料添加剂正受到关注。天冬酰胺是一种天然含有溴仿（CHBr3）的红藻，已经在小型反刍动物中证明了甲烷减排的潜力。在大型反刍动物中，先前的研究也显示了在饮食中添加天冬酰胺的同样有希望的结果，并且天冬酰胺对CHBr3残留和肉品质的影响很小。本研究旨在解决关于羊肉特性的有限知识，以补充天冬酰胺油。饲喂饲喂高质量或低质量糠饲粮的美利诺母猪，每日添加100 g天冬酰胺油（A0: 0 mg CHBr3/kg DM; A1: 36 mg CHBr3/kg DM; A2: 72 mg CHBr3/kg DM； A3: 108 mg CHBr3/kg DM和A4: 144 mg CHBr3/kg DM）。饲喂期119 d后，屠宰20头（n = 2头/处理）。对胴体进行评估，并收集肉和内脏样本进行残留和肉质量检测。在肉类或内脏样品中未检测到溴仿（最低检测水平为<； 0.1 mg/kg湿物质基础）。肾脏中溴化物和碘的可检测浓度最高。天冬酰胺油对腰最长肌和半膜肌的蒸煮损失、最终pH值和肌内脂肪没有影响。同样，补充天冬酰胺油对任何颜色参数都没有影响。本研究的结果表明，在绵羊日粮中补充颗粒中使用天冬酰胺油不会影响肉品质，残留风险最小，但需要更大样本量的研究来证实这一点。使用Asp-oil的缓解方法可以生产出符合行业标准的肉类，而不会影响质量或残留物安全。

{"title":"The effect of Asparagopsis oil supplementation level on tissue residues and meat quality of Merino sheep fed high- or low-quality basal diets","authors":"Charlotte Adam , Emma Doyle , Jillian Dawson , Frances Cowley , Nigel Tomkins , Lewis Kahn , James Preston , Daniel Korir Sitienei , Matthew Tom Harrison , Benjamin W.B. Holman","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of antimethanogenic feed additives in ruminant diets is gaining attention as a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. <em>Asparagopsis spp.</em> (Asparagopsis), a red alga which naturally contains bromoform (CHBr<sub>3</sub>), has demonstrated methane abatement potential in small ruminants. In large ruminants, previous research has shown equally promising results for Asparagopsis supplementation in the diet and its minimal effects on CHBr<sub>3</sub> residue and meat quality. This study aimed to address the limited knowledge on sheep meat characteristics for Asparagopsis-oil supplementation. Merino wethers were administered 100 g of supplementary pellets daily with increasing levels of formulated Asparagopsis-oil (A0: 0 mg CHBr<sub>3</sub>/kg DM; A1: 36 mg CHBr<sub>3</sub>/kg DM; A2: 72 mg CHBr<sub>3</sub>/kg DM; A3: 108 mg CHBr<sub>3</sub>/kg DM and A4: 144 mg CHBr<sub>3</sub>/kg DM) and fed either a high- or low-quality chaff diet. After a 119-d feeding period, 20 wethers (<em>n</em> = 2 per treatment) were slaughtered. Carcasses were evaluated, and meat and offal samples were collected for residue and meat quality testing. Bromoform was not detected in meat or offal samples (at a minimum detection level of < 0.1 mg/kg wet matter basis). The kidneys contained the greatest detectible concentrations of bromide and iodine. The inclusion of Asparagopsis-oil had no impact on cooking loss, pH ultimate and intramuscular fat in <em>longissimus lumborum</em> and <em>semimembranosus</em> muscles. Similarly, supplementation of Asparagopsis-oil had no effect on any color parameters. The results from this study demonstrate that the use of Asparagopsis-oil in supplementary pellets in sheep diets does not compromising meat quality and there is minimal residue risk, but studies with a greater sample size are required to confirm this. A mitigation approach using Asp-oil can produce meat that meets industry standards without compromising quality or residue safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 107659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Levels of starch and supplementation with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids in the diets of goats and sheep 山羊和绵羊日粮中淀粉水平和棕榈油脂肪酸钙盐的补充

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107661

Hérick Pachêco Rodrigues , Joyanne Mirelle de Sousa Ferreira , Maria Izabel Batista Pereira , Lais Santos Trajano , Ligia Lins Souza , Douglas dos Santos Pina , José Esler de Freitas Junior , Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho , Stefanie Alvarenga Santos , José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo

This study evaluated the interactive effects of dietary starch concentration and supplementation with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids (CSPFA) on intake, digestion, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and blood metabolites in sheep and goats. Eight male small ruminants (four Dorper sheep and four Boer goats) were assigned to a double 4 × 4 Latin square arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial: species (sheep or goats), starch (220 or 420 g/kg DM), and CSPFA (0 or 30 g/kg DM). A three-way interaction was observed for neutral detergent fiber digestibility corrected for ash and protein (apNDFD; P = 0.019); goats and sheep fed high-starch diets showed lower apNDFD (0.61) than those fed low-starch diets (0.74). The starch × CSPFA and species × CSPFA interactions affected ether extract intake (P = 0.025 and P = 0.040), which increased mainly in sheep with CSPFA supplementation at 220 g/kg starch. Goats showed greater organic matter digestibility (0.84 vs. 0.81; P = 0.048) than sheep. Microbial nitrogen yield increased with CSPFA at 420 g/kg starch (7.9 vs. 5.3 g/d; P = 0.040), accompanied by higher allantoin excretion (P = 0.044). Rumen pH was lower in goats (6.53 vs. 6.90; P = 0.004), whereas the ruminal NH₃–N concentrations increased with starch (P = 0.011) and CSPFA (P = 0.032). A species × starch × CSPFA interaction was detected for plasma triglycerides and VLDL (P = 0.021), with higher values in goats fed high-starch diets with CSPFA. Goats also exhibited higher cholesterol (P = 0.043) and ALT activity (P = 0.014). These results demonstrate that palm-based CSPFA combined with high-starch diets enhances microbial protein synthesis and lipid metabolism without compromising ruminal fermentation in small ruminants.

本研究评价了饲粮淀粉浓度与添加棕榈油脂肪酸钙盐（CSPFA）对绵羊和山羊采食量、消化、瘤胃发酵、氮利用和血液代谢产物的交互作用。8只雄性小反刍动物（4只杜泊羊和4只布尔山羊）被分配到一个双4 × 4拉丁方格中，该方格按2 × 2 × 2因子排列：品种（绵羊或山羊）、淀粉（220或420 g/kg DM）和CSPFA（0或30 g/kg DM）。对灰分和蛋白质校正后的中性洗涤纤维消化率观察到三向相互作用（apNDFD; P = 0.019）；高淀粉饲粮山羊和绵羊的apNDFD（0.61）低于低淀粉饲粮（0.74）。淀粉× CSPFA和种× CSPFA相互作用影响粗脂肪采食量（P = 0.025和P = 0.040），在添加220 g/kg淀粉时，粗脂肪采食量增加最多。山羊的有机物消化率高于绵羊（0.84比0.81;P = 0.048）。当淀粉添加量为420 g/kg时，微生物氮产量增加（7.9 vs. 5.3 g/d; P = 0.040），尿囊素排泄量增加（P = 0.044）。山羊瘤胃pH较低（6.53比6.90,P = 0.004），淀粉（P = 0.011）和CSPFA （P = 0.032）使瘤胃NH₃-N浓度升高（P = 0.011）。血浆甘油三酯和VLDL呈种× 淀粉× CSPFA互作关系（P = 0.021），高淀粉饲粮中添加CSPFA的山羊血浆甘油三酯和VLDL值较高。山羊也表现出较高的胆固醇（P = 0.043）和ALT活性（P = 0.014）。上述结果表明，棕榈基CSPFA与高淀粉饲粮组合可在不影响小反刍动物瘤胃发酵的前提下提高微生物蛋白质合成和脂质代谢。

{"title":"Levels of starch and supplementation with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids in the diets of goats and sheep","authors":"Hérick Pachêco Rodrigues , Joyanne Mirelle de Sousa Ferreira , Maria Izabel Batista Pereira , Lais Santos Trajano , Ligia Lins Souza , Douglas dos Santos Pina , José Esler de Freitas Junior , Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho , Stefanie Alvarenga Santos , José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the interactive effects of dietary starch concentration and supplementation with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids (CSPFA) on intake, digestion, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and blood metabolites in sheep and goats. Eight male small ruminants (four Dorper sheep and four Boer goats) were assigned to a double 4 × 4 Latin square arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial: species (sheep or goats), starch (220 or 420 g/kg DM), and CSPFA (0 or 30 g/kg DM). A three-way interaction was observed for neutral detergent fiber digestibility corrected for ash and protein (apNDFD; P = 0.019); goats and sheep fed high-starch diets showed lower apNDFD (0.61) than those fed low-starch diets (0.74). The starch × CSPFA and species × CSPFA interactions affected ether extract intake (P = 0.025 and P = 0.040), which increased mainly in sheep with CSPFA supplementation at 220 g/kg starch. Goats showed greater organic matter digestibility (0.84 vs. 0.81; P = 0.048) than sheep. Microbial nitrogen yield increased with CSPFA at 420 g/kg starch (7.9 vs. 5.3 g/d; P = 0.040), accompanied by higher allantoin excretion (P = 0.044). Rumen pH was lower in goats (6.53 vs. 6.90; P = 0.004), whereas the ruminal NH₃–N concentrations increased with starch (P = 0.011) and CSPFA (P = 0.032). A species × starch × CSPFA interaction was detected for plasma triglycerides and VLDL (P = 0.021), with higher values in goats fed high-starch diets with CSPFA. Goats also exhibited higher cholesterol (P = 0.043) and ALT activity (P = 0.014). These results demonstrate that palm-based CSPFA combined with high-starch diets enhances microbial protein synthesis and lipid metabolism without compromising ruminal fermentation in small ruminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 107661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated multi-omics unveils rapid shifts in rumen bacterial community, gene expression, and metabolite profiles of lambs in response to weaning stress 综合多组学揭示了羔羊在断奶应激下瘤胃细菌群落、基因表达和代谢物谱的快速变化

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Small Ruminant Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107658

Xiaobiao Cui , Shun Wu , Yuqin Wu, Lili Niu, Jiaxue Cao, Siyuan Zhan, Linjie Wang, Jiazhong Guo, Li Li, Hongping Zhang, Tao Zhong

In intensive system, early weaning directly impacts lamb growth performance and enterprise profitability. However, the changes from milk to solid feed and abrupt desperation with ewes easily trigger weaning stress, especially causing a notable decline in immunity. The impacts of early weaning (EW) on lamb rumen microbiota, metabolites, and gene expression remain poorly characterized. Thus, this study assessed the host response to early weaning in lambs. Compared to per-weaning Hu lambs, the composition of the ruminal microbiota was found to be altered, with the abundance of Firmicutes ranged from 60.00 % to 65.00 % in post-weaned lambs. Prevotella remained the dominant genus, and its abundance increased by approximately 2.56 % after weaning. While the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group significantly declined, proposing this reduction leading to weakened anti-inflammatory responses and compromised immune function in EW lambs. The ruminal DEGs were predominant enrichment in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Notably, the LPAR1 gene, mediating stress adaptation candidate gene, was highly expressed after weaning. Furthermore, the cortisol in rumen fluid was significantly upregulated (over 1.5-fold) in EW lambs and was enriched in four pathways: aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, Cushing's syndrome, prostate cancer, and cortisol synthesis and secretion. In addition, we found the above changes were correlated, particularly involving the Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, O-phosphoserine, and the LPAR1 gene. The present study reveals that early weaning disrupts ruminal microbial balance, notably by reducing the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, alters metabolite profiles, including O-phosphoserine, and induces differential expression of stress related genes, such as LPAR1, that converge on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how early weaning compromises rumen health and immune function in lambs.

在集约化体系中，早期断奶直接影响羔羊生长性能和企业盈利能力。然而，从牛奶到固体饲料的转变以及对母羊的突然绝望容易引发断奶应激，特别是导致免疫力明显下降。早期断奶对羔羊瘤胃微生物群、代谢物和基因表达的影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究评估了寄主对羔羊早期断奶的反应。与断奶前的湖羊相比，断奶后的湖羊瘤胃微生物群的组成发生了变化，厚壁菌门的丰度为60.00 % ~ 65.00 %。普雷沃氏菌仍然是优势属，断奶后其丰度增加了约2.56 %。而Lachnospiraceae NK3A20组的相对丰度显著下降，表明这种减少导致EW羔羊的抗炎反应减弱和免疫功能受损。瘤胃deg主要富集于PI3K-Akt信号通路。值得注意的是，介导应激适应的候选基因LPAR1在断奶后高表达。此外，EW羔羊瘤胃液中的皮质醇显著上调（超过1.5倍），并在醛固酮调节的钠重吸收、库欣综合征、前列腺癌和皮质醇合成和分泌四个途径中富集。此外，我们发现上述变化是相关的，特别是涉及到毛缕科NK3A20组、o -磷酸丝氨酸和LPAR1基因。本研究表明，早期断奶会破坏瘤胃微生物平衡，特别是通过降低毛孢菌科NK3A20群的丰度，改变代谢物谱，包括o -磷酸丝氨酸，并诱导应激相关基因（如LPAR1）的差异表达，这些基因聚集在PI3K-Akt信号通路上。这些发现为早期断奶如何损害羔羊的瘤胃健康和免疫功能提供了机制见解。

{"title":"Integrated multi-omics unveils rapid shifts in rumen bacterial community, gene expression, and metabolite profiles of lambs in response to weaning stress","authors":"Xiaobiao Cui , Shun Wu , Yuqin Wu, Lili Niu, Jiaxue Cao, Siyuan Zhan, Linjie Wang, Jiazhong Guo, Li Li, Hongping Zhang, Tao Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In intensive system, early weaning directly impacts lamb growth performance and enterprise profitability. However, the changes from milk to solid feed and abrupt desperation with ewes easily trigger weaning stress, especially causing a notable decline in immunity. The impacts of early weaning (EW) on lamb rumen microbiota, metabolites, and gene expression remain poorly characterized. Thus, this study assessed the host response to early weaning in lambs. Compared to per-weaning Hu lambs, the composition of the ruminal microbiota was found to be altered, with the abundance of <em>Firmicutes</em> ranged from 60.00 % to 65.00 % in post-weaned lambs. <em>Prevotella</em> remained the dominant genus, and its abundance increased by approximately 2.56 % after weaning. While the relative abundance of the <em>Lachnospiraceae</em> NK3A20 group significantly declined, proposing this reduction leading to weakened anti-inflammatory responses and compromised immune function in EW lambs. The ruminal DEGs were predominant enrichment in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Notably, the <em>LPAR1</em> gene, mediating stress adaptation candidate gene, was highly expressed after weaning. Furthermore, the cortisol in rumen fluid was significantly upregulated (over 1.5-fold) in EW lambs and was enriched in four pathways: aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, Cushing's syndrome, prostate cancer, and cortisol synthesis and secretion. In addition, we found the above changes were correlated, particularly involving the <em>Lachnospiraceae</em> NK3A20 group, O-phosphoserine, and the <em>LPAR1</em> gene. The present study reveals that early weaning disrupts ruminal microbial balance, notably by reducing the abundance of the <em>Lachnospiraceae</em> NK3A20 group, alters metabolite profiles, including O-phosphoserine, and induces differential expression of stress related genes, such as <em>LPAR1</em>, that converge on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how early weaning compromises rumen health and immune function in lambs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21758,"journal":{"name":"Small Ruminant Research","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 107658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0