Recently, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have emerged as a promising networking technique for various underwater applications. An energy efficient routing protocol plays a vital role in data transmission and practical applications. However, due to the specific characteristics of UWSNs, such as dynamic structure, narrow bandwidth, rapid energy consumption, and high latency, it is difficult to build routing protocols for UWSNs. In this paper, We propose a location aware opportunistic routing algorithm for under water communication. We analyse three main problems in under water communication; forwarding set selection forwarding set ranking to handle FSR problem, void handling method to handle the communication void (CV) and overhear and suppression procedure to deal with duplicate forwarding suppression (DFS) problems. The importance of the work is that it will provide an energy efficient pressure based opportunistic routing algorithm for wireless sensor network (UWSN). The routing protocol has been implemented in the ns2-AqaSim simulator and testbed for measurement of the performance metrics of the UASN. The simulation results showed that the novel routing method throughput has increased by 16%, 33%, and 55% when compared with SUN, VBF and DF method. It can effectively improve the throughput of nodes, balance positioning performance as well as energy use efficiency, and optimize the positioning result of UWASN.
{"title":"A Dynamic Routing Path Reduction Protocol in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"N. Hemavathy, S. Sudha, K. Ramesh","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4238","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have emerged as a promising networking technique for various underwater applications. An energy efficient routing protocol plays a vital role in data transmission and practical applications. However, due to the specific characteristics\u0000 of UWSNs, such as dynamic structure, narrow bandwidth, rapid energy consumption, and high latency, it is difficult to build routing protocols for UWSNs. In this paper, We propose a location aware opportunistic routing algorithm for under water communication. We analyse three main problems\u0000 in under water communication; forwarding set selection forwarding set ranking to handle FSR problem, void handling method to handle the communication void (CV) and overhear and suppression procedure to deal with duplicate forwarding suppression (DFS) problems. The importance of the work is\u0000 that it will provide an energy efficient pressure based opportunistic routing algorithm for wireless sensor network (UWSN). The routing protocol has been implemented in the ns2-AqaSim simulator and testbed for measurement of the performance metrics of the UASN. The simulation results showed\u0000 that the novel routing method throughput has increased by 16%, 33%, and 55% when compared with SUN, VBF and DF method. It can effectively improve the throughput of nodes, balance positioning performance as well as energy use efficiency, and optimize the positioning result of UWASN.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":"379-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89889355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Under Water Sensor Network (UWSN), power control algorithm should consider channel condition and frame loss probability. Also the queue length variations or traffic load should be considered for fixing the sleep duty cycle. In this paper, we propose to design an Adaptive Power Control and Fuzzy based Duty Cycle Scheduling (APC-FDS) algorithm for clustered UWSN. In the adaptive power control algorithm, the sender node will fix the minimum transmit power such that the energy consumption and frame loss probability are minimized. In adaptive duty cycle scheduling, the duty cycle is adaptively adjusted by considering the connection value and traffic load using fuzzy logic technique. The connectivity between a cluster and its neighboring cluster is estimated using the connection value. The cluster head collects the traffic information from its members. Experimental results show that the APS-FDS algorithm reduces the average energy consumption and frame loss probability.
{"title":"Adaptive Power Control and Fuzzy Based Duty Cycle Scheduling in Under Water Sensor Network (UWSN)","authors":"L. Sivagami, J. Manickam","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4231","url":null,"abstract":"In Under Water Sensor Network (UWSN), power control algorithm should consider channel condition and frame loss probability. Also the queue length variations or traffic load should be considered for fixing the sleep duty cycle. In this paper, we propose to design an Adaptive Power Control\u0000 and Fuzzy based Duty Cycle Scheduling (APC-FDS) algorithm for clustered UWSN. In the adaptive power control algorithm, the sender node will fix the minimum transmit power such that the energy consumption and frame loss probability are minimized. In adaptive duty cycle scheduling, the duty\u0000 cycle is adaptively adjusted by considering the connection value and traffic load using fuzzy logic technique. The connectivity between a cluster and its neighboring cluster is estimated using the connection value. The cluster head collects the traffic information from its members. Experimental\u0000 results show that the APS-FDS algorithm reduces the average energy consumption and frame loss probability.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":"371-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87895139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dentistry is a specialized medical field involving treatment of oro-facial diseases and also in the diagnosis of systemic diseases through oral manifestations. Advanced imaging and sensing tools are emerging for the diagnosis and monitoring of general health, in-particular the non-invasive testing methods are becoming popular. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid are evolving as potential alternative diagnostic biofluids. Hence, oral biosensors are emerging for applications like detecting changes in the oral microbiome, monitoring caries, periodontal disease, levels of biomolecules, loading forces during orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movement etc. This review discloses the current literature in the applications of oral sensors in oral and systemic diagnostics, monitoring and therapy.
{"title":"Current Update on Potential Clinical Applications of Oral Sensors","authors":"P. Harikrishnan","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4235","url":null,"abstract":"Dentistry is a specialized medical field involving treatment of oro-facial diseases and also in the diagnosis of systemic diseases through oral manifestations. Advanced imaging and sensing tools are emerging for the diagnosis and monitoring of general health, in-particular the non-invasive\u0000 testing methods are becoming popular. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid are evolving as potential alternative diagnostic biofluids. Hence, oral biosensors are emerging for applications like detecting changes in the oral microbiome, monitoring caries, periodontal disease, levels of biomolecules,\u0000 loading forces during orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movement etc. This review discloses the current literature in the applications of oral sensors in oral and systemic diagnostics, monitoring and therapy.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"31 1","pages":"335-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75391166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Bavatharani, E. Muthusankar, Soo Chool Lee, M. Johan, D. Ragupathy
In this work, electrochemically active polydiphenylamine-silica reinforced graphene nanocomposite was prepared via an interfacial chemical oxidative polymerization method for energy storage application. The morphological views of synthesized nanocomposite were captured through scanning electron microscope (SEM). The supercapacitance behaviour of fabricated modified electrode was investigated by electrochemical analyses such as galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and bode plot experiments. These results found that the chemically modified nanocomposite provides a high conductivity and also an afforded specific capacitance of ∼433 F/g with good cycling retention of 91% upto 500 cycles. Furthermore, the attained data will help in the profound study and further developments in energy storage device applications.
{"title":"Excellent Cyclic Retention and Supercapacitive Performance of Electrochemically Active Nanocomposite Electrode","authors":"C. Bavatharani, E. Muthusankar, Soo Chool Lee, M. Johan, D. Ragupathy","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4233","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, electrochemically active polydiphenylamine-silica reinforced graphene nanocomposite was prepared via an interfacial chemical oxidative polymerization method for energy storage application. The morphological views of synthesized nanocomposite were captured through scanning\u0000 electron microscope (SEM). The supercapacitance behaviour of fabricated modified electrode was investigated by electrochemical analyses such as galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and bode plot experiments. These results found that the chemically modified nanocomposite provides a high\u0000 conductivity and also an afforded specific capacitance of ∼433 F/g with good cycling retention of 91% upto 500 cycles. Furthermore, the attained data will help in the profound study and further developments in energy storage device applications.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"71 1","pages":"395-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83916000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syeda Ammara Shabbir, S. Shamaila, R. Sharif, N. Zafar, H. Latif, M. Ashiq
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have enormous applications but restricted due to low dispersibility. In this project, dispersion efficiency of nonfunctionalized, covalently functionalized and non-covalently functionalized CNTs has been investigated. The surfactant, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), played an important role in stable dispersion. UV-Visible spectroscopy compared the dispersion behavior of all CNTs suspensions. The surfactant functionalized CNTs revealed the maximum dispersion. The as produced highly stable dispersion was utilised in fabrication of highly homogeneous CNTs electrode using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and its redox peak currents were higher than Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes, indicating increased charge transport by CNTs. The fabricated CNTs electrode was modified with Nickel (Ni) nanoparticles for Ni/CNTs nanocomposite based nonenzymatic glucose sensor fabrication. The CNTs coated FTO substrate was decorated with Ni nanoparticles (NPs) using electrodeposition by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electron microscopic analysis showed the uniformly dispersed particles of Ni on CNTs electrodes. The Ni/CNTs/FTO based non enzymatic glucose sensor exhibits ∼4 s fast response time and ∼605.0 μAmM–1 cm–2 sensitivity along with wide concentration (0.005–3.5 mM) and the detection limit ∼5.0 μM. The easy fabrication technique of Ni-CNTs electrodes made them a reliable glucose sensor having good stability.
{"title":"Electrophoretic Deposition of Uniform Carbon Nanotubes for Nickel Nanocomposites Based Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor","authors":"Syeda Ammara Shabbir, S. Shamaila, R. Sharif, N. Zafar, H. Latif, M. Ashiq","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4237","url":null,"abstract":"Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have enormous applications but restricted due to low dispersibility. In this project, dispersion efficiency of nonfunctionalized, covalently functionalized and non-covalently functionalized CNTs has been investigated. The surfactant, Sodium Dodecyl\u0000 Sulphate (SDS), played an important role in stable dispersion. UV-Visible spectroscopy compared the dispersion behavior of all CNTs suspensions. The surfactant functionalized CNTs revealed the maximum dispersion. The as produced highly stable dispersion was utilised in fabrication of highly\u0000 homogeneous CNTs electrode using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and its redox peak currents were higher than Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes, indicating increased charge transport by CNTs. The fabricated CNTs electrode was modified with Nickel (Ni) nanoparticles for Ni/CNTs nanocomposite\u0000 based nonenzymatic glucose sensor fabrication. The CNTs coated FTO substrate was decorated with Ni nanoparticles (NPs) using electrodeposition by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electron microscopic analysis showed the uniformly dispersed particles of Ni on CNTs electrodes. The Ni/CNTs/FTO based\u0000 non enzymatic glucose sensor exhibits ∼4 s fast response time and ∼605.0 μAmM–1 cm–2 sensitivity along with wide concentration (0.005–3.5 mM) and the detection limit ∼5.0 μM. The easy fabrication technique of Ni-CNTs electrodes\u0000 made them a reliable glucose sensor having good stability.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"120 1","pages":"427-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73233879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shortage of electricity is a major constraint to economic growth. Renewable energy such as solar energy has many advantages but also has many challenges to enhance its efficiency which is limited by the weather changes, dust particles, and material dependant properties. This affect various parameters like fill factor, short circuit current (jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc) and module efficiency. This paper represents different materials used in solar cell structures and gives a realistic approach of factors affecting the performance of photovoltaic modules. The material used must produce cost-effective solar cells by reducing the amount of silicon material used in its production and enhance the power output. To enhance the performance of the PV cell, various methods and technologies are used. Effective use of solar power can be obtained using Internet of Things (IoT) technology which is used for solar tracking, monitoring, and forecasting.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Efficient Design, Control and Monitoring of Solar Power Using Internet of Things","authors":"Parminder Kaur, Vikas Pandey, B. Raj","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4225","url":null,"abstract":"The shortage of electricity is a major constraint to economic growth. Renewable energy such as solar energy has many advantages but also has many challenges to enhance its efficiency which is limited by the weather changes, dust particles, and material dependant properties. This affect\u0000 various parameters like fill factor, short circuit current (jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc) and module efficiency. This paper represents different materials used in solar cell structures and gives a realistic approach of factors affecting the performance of photovoltaic\u0000 modules. The material used must produce cost-effective solar cells by reducing the amount of silicon material used in its production and enhance the power output. To enhance the performance of the PV cell, various methods and technologies are used. Effective use of solar power can be obtained\u0000 using Internet of Things (IoT) technology which is used for solar tracking, monitoring, and forecasting.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"7 1","pages":"419-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73319286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an array of interrelated registering gadgets, mechanical and advanced electronics machines, articles, creatures or individuals that are given with unique identifiers and the ability to exchange data over a system without man to man or man to PC partnership. IoT created an expanded enthusiasm to research and industrial into points of view. This development is due to the availability of low-priced, low-powered diminutive elements like processors, communications and sensors that were integrated on a single chip. In this work we design the low power microcontroller for IoT application. There are various microcontrollers available in the market for IoT application, we have done the comparative study of different microcontroller and proposed a low power microcontroller architecture based on the requirement of IoT. The power analysis is carried out by calculating power consumed in the different digital circuits with ALU and without ALU.
{"title":"Design and Simulation of Low Power Microcontroller for Internet of Things Applications","authors":"Divyanshi Yadav, B. Raj, B. Raj","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4241","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) is an array of interrelated registering gadgets, mechanical and advanced electronics machines, articles, creatures or individuals that are given with unique identifiers and the ability to exchange data over a system without man to man or man to PC partnership.\u0000 IoT created an expanded enthusiasm to research and industrial into points of view. This development is due to the availability of low-priced, low-powered diminutive elements like processors, communications and sensors that were integrated on a single chip. In this work we design the low power\u0000 microcontroller for IoT application. There are various microcontrollers available in the market for IoT application, we have done the comparative study of different microcontroller and proposed a low power microcontroller architecture based on the requirement of IoT. The power analysis is\u0000 carried out by calculating power consumed in the different digital circuits with ALU and without ALU.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":"401-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89434159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, using the simulator TCAD SILVACO, the physical parameters to pass from a normallyon to a normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a BGaN back-barrier, was studied. With n-doped donor layer at 1 × 1016 cm–3, as a results we obtain a threshold voltage of 0.509 V normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The first transistor is able to operate in high power in better way; the second one is efficient for weak signals up to the X-band, and it has the advantage of being normally-off.
{"title":"Aluminium Gallium Nitride (AlGaN)/Gallium Nitride (GaN)/Boron Gallium Nitride (BGaN) High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT): From Normally-On to Normally-Off Transistor","authors":"Wafa Maati, A. Hamdoune","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4226","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, using the simulator TCAD SILVACO, the physical parameters to pass from a normallyon to a normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMT with a BGaN back-barrier, was studied. With n-doped donor layer at 1 × 1016 cm–3, as a results we obtain a threshold\u0000 voltage of 0.509 V normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMT. The first transistor is able to operate in high power in better way; the second one is efficient for weak signals up to the X-band, and it has the advantage of being normally-off.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"366-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76854328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A modified Interdigitated Planar Electrode (IDE) design is presented and used in the development of flex-sensor for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The design of IDE consists of a U-shaped electrode with integrated interdigitated electrodes. The overall size of the unit-cell structure is 25 × 25 mm2. Different civil engineering blocks were tested using the proposed sensor and a comprehensive crack analysis is presented based on the crack parameters. The sensor offers a lowest average sensitivity of 0.863157 pF/mm. The proposed flex-sensor can also be potentially used for the detection and monitoring of other structural parameters like corrosion, moisture content etc.
{"title":"Development of Interdigitated-Type Planar Capacitive Flex-Sensor Array for the Detection of Damages in Civil Engineering Structures","authors":"Meghayu Adhvaryu, P. Patel, C. Modhera","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4240","url":null,"abstract":"A modified Interdigitated Planar Electrode (IDE) design is presented and used in the development of flex-sensor for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The design of IDE consists of a U-shaped electrode with integrated interdigitated electrodes. The overall size of the unit-cell structure\u0000 is 25 × 25 mm2. Different civil engineering blocks were tested using the proposed sensor and a comprehensive crack analysis is presented based on the crack parameters. The sensor offers a lowest average sensitivity of 0.863157 pF/mm. The proposed flex-sensor can also be potentially\u0000 used for the detection and monitoring of other structural parameters like corrosion, moisture content etc.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"48 1","pages":"389-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89871078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramesh Kumar, H. S. Mewara, S. Tripathi, A. Pundir
In the Non-Invasive Bio Impedance Technique (NIBIT) a low current pulse with high frequency inserted between two electrodes of the object while measuring voltages from the other remaining electrodes with respect to the reference electrode. The electrode arrangement is defined in the form of cylindrical shapes of the surface of the phantom. After these arrangements, it inserts the current pulse and measures the voltages according to the selected data acquisition method of bio impedance. The presented algorithm analyzes and defines each obtained data sample from the used phantoms and also allows Image Reconstruction (IR) based on developed Graphical User interface (GUI) on MATLAB. The used IR approach is based on Tikhonov regularization and FEM. The FEM and Tikhonov regularization are mathematical approaches that deal with Forward Problem (FP) and Inverse Problem (IP) of images. In our approach, the FP solution is identified first in order to reconstruct the conductivity distribution through the EIT inverse solution. Thereafter, This FP is solved through the known current pulse of a given conductivity medium. Likewise, the IP is identified and solved through the boundary potential of the object. The end of the obtained result provides a comparable result for the used phantom according to its internal structure. This proposed technique is still reliable despite having some standardization issue according to the procedure.
{"title":"An Image Reconstruction Algorithm with Experimental Validation for Electrical Impedance Tomography Imaging Applications","authors":"Ramesh Kumar, H. S. Mewara, S. Tripathi, A. Pundir","doi":"10.1166/sl.2020.4230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4230","url":null,"abstract":"In the Non-Invasive Bio Impedance Technique (NIBIT) a low current pulse with high frequency inserted between two electrodes of the object while measuring voltages from the other remaining electrodes with respect to the reference electrode. The electrode arrangement is defined in the\u0000 form of cylindrical shapes of the surface of the phantom. After these arrangements, it inserts the current pulse and measures the voltages according to the selected data acquisition method of bio impedance. The presented algorithm analyzes and defines each obtained data sample from the used\u0000 phantoms and also allows Image Reconstruction (IR) based on developed Graphical User interface (GUI) on MATLAB. The used IR approach is based on Tikhonov regularization and FEM. The FEM and Tikhonov regularization are mathematical approaches that deal with Forward Problem (FP) and Inverse\u0000 Problem (IP) of images. In our approach, the FP solution is identified first in order to reconstruct the conductivity distribution through the EIT inverse solution. Thereafter, This FP is solved through the known current pulse of a given conductivity medium. Likewise, the IP is identified\u0000 and solved through the boundary potential of the object. The end of the obtained result provides a comparable result for the used phantom according to its internal structure. This proposed technique is still reliable despite having some standardization issue according to the procedure.","PeriodicalId":21781,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Letters","volume":"64 1","pages":"410-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76561791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：