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Mixed ion‐electron conducting Li3P for efficient cathode prelithiation of all‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries 用于全固态锂离子电池高效阴极预锂化的混合离子电子导电Li3P
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1200
Jing Li, Dan Liu, Han Sun, D. Qu, Zhizhong Xie, Haolin Tang, Jinping Liu
All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) using sulfide electrolytes hold promise for next‐generation battery technology. Although using a pure Li metal anode is believed to maximize battery energy density, numerous recent studies have implicated that Li‐ion anodes (e.g., graphite and Si) are more realistic candidates due to their interfacial compatibility with sulfide electrolytes. However, those Li‐ion ASSBs suffer from an issue similar to liquid Li‐ion batteries, which is a loss of active Li inventory owing to interfacial side reactions between electrode components, resulting in reduced available capacities and shortened cycle life. Herein, for the first time, we explore the potential of Li3P for cathode prelithiation of Li‐ion ASSBs. We identify that the crystallized Li3P (c‐Li3P) has room‐temperature ionic and electronic conductivities of both over 10−4 S/cm. Such a mixed ion‐electron conducting feature ensures that the neat c‐Li3P affords a high Li+‐releasing capacity of 983 mAh/g in ASSBs during the first charging. Moreover, the electrochemical delithiation of c‐Li3P takes place below 2 V versus Li+/Li, while its lithiation dominates below 1 V versus Li+/Li. Once used as a cathode prelithiation regent for ASSBs, c‐Li3P only functions as a Li+ donor without lithiation activity and can adequately compensate for the Li loss with minimal dosage added. Besides mitigating first‐cycle Li loss, c‐Li3P prelithiation can also improve the battery cyclability by sustained release of low‐dosage Li+ ions in subsequent cycles, which have been embodied in several full ASSBs by coupling a LiCoO2 cathode with various types of anodes (including graphite, in foil, Sb, and Si anode). Our work provides a universal cathode prelithiation strategy for high‐efficiency Li‐ion ASSBs.
使用硫化物电解质的全固态电池(assb)有望成为下一代电池技术。虽然使用纯锂金属阳极被认为可以最大限度地提高电池的能量密度,但最近的许多研究表明,由于锂离子阳极(例如石墨和硅)与硫化物电解质的界面相容性,它们是更现实的候选者。然而,这些锂离子assb面临着与液体锂离子电池类似的问题,即由于电极组件之间的界面副反应导致活性锂库存的损失,从而导致可用容量降低和循环寿命缩短。在此,我们首次探索了Li3P在锂离子assb阴极预锂化中的潜力。我们发现结晶Li3P (c‐Li3P)的室温离子电导率和电子电导率均超过10−4 S/cm。这种混合离子-电子导电特性确保了纯c - Li3P在首次充电时在assb中提供983 mAh/g的高Li+释放容量。此外,c‐Li3P的电化学衰减发生在2v与Li+/Li之间,而在1v与Li+/Li之间主要发生锂化。一旦用作assb的阴极预锂化试剂,c‐Li3P仅作为Li+供体而没有锂化活性,并且可以以最小的添加剂量充分补偿Li损失。c - Li3P预锂化除了减轻第一次循环的锂损失外,还可以通过在随后的循环中持续释放低剂量的锂离子来提高电池的可循环性,这已经体现在几个完整的assb中,通过将LiCoO2阴极与各种类型的阳极(包括石墨、箔、Sb和Si阳极)耦合。我们的工作为高效锂离子assb提供了一种通用的阴极预锂化策略。
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引用次数: 2
Solid‐state Li–air batteries: Fundamentals, challenges, and strategies 固态锂-空气电池:基本原理、挑战和策略
Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1205
Y. Rao, Jiawei Yang, Shiyong Chu, Shaohua Guo, Haoshen Zhou
The landmark Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario requires the revolution of today's energy system for realizing nonenergy‐related global economy. Advanced batteries with high energy density and safety are expected to realize the shift of end‐use sectors toward renewable and clean sources of electricity. Present Li‐ion technologies have dominated the modern energy market but face with looming challenges of limited theoretical specific capacity and high cost. Li–air(O2) battery, characterized by energy‐rich redox chemistry of Li stripping/plating and oxygen conversion, emerges as a promising “beyond Li‐ion” strategy. In view of the superior stability and inherent safety, a solid‐state Li–air battery is regarded as a more practical choice compared to the liquid‐state counterpart. However, there remain many challenges that retard the development of solid‐state Li–air batteries. In this review, we provide an in‐depth understanding of fundamental science from both thermodynamics and kinetics of solid‐state Li–air batteries and give a comprehensive assessment of the main challenges. The discussion of effective strategies along with authoritative demonstrations for achieving high‐performance solid‐state Li–air batteries is presented, including the improvement of cathode kinetics and durability, solid electrolyte design, Li anode optimization and protection, as well as interfacial engineering.
到2050年具有里程碑意义的净零排放情景要求对当今的能源系统进行革命,以实现与能源无关的全球经济。高能量密度和安全性的先进电池有望实现终端用电行业向可再生能源和清洁能源的转变。目前,锂离子技术在现代能源市场占据主导地位,但理论比容量有限、成本高等问题日益突出。锂-空气(O2)电池具有能量丰富的锂剥离/镀氧化还原化学和氧转化的特点,是一种有前途的“超锂离子”战略。鉴于其优越的稳定性和固有的安全性,固态锂-空气电池被认为是比液态电池更实用的选择。然而,仍然存在许多阻碍固态锂空气电池发展的挑战。在这篇综述中,我们从热力学和动力学两个方面对固态锂空气电池的基础科学进行了深入的理解,并对主要挑战进行了全面的评估。讨论了实现高性能固态锂-空气电池的有效策略,并进行了权威的演示,包括阴极动力学和耐久性的改进,固体电解质的设计,锂阳极的优化和保护,以及界面工程。
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引用次数: 0
Dielectric elastomer artificial muscle materials advancement and soft robotic applications 介电弹性体人造肌肉材料的发展与软体机器人应用
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1203
Yuxuan Guo, Qicong Qin, Ziqing Han, Roshan Plamthottam, Mason Possinger, Qibing Pei
Conventional robotic systems are built with rigid materials to deal with large forces and predetermined processes. Soft robotics, however, is an emerging field seeking to develop adaptable robots that can perform tasks in unpredictable environments and biocompatible devices that close the gap between humans and machines. Dielectric elastomers (DEs) have emerged as a soft actuation technology that imitates the properties and performance of natural muscles, making them an attractive material choice for soft robotics. However, conventional DE materials suffer from electromechanical instability (EMI), which reduces their performance and limits their applications in soft robotics. This review discusses key innovations in DE artificial muscles from a material standpoint, followed by a survey on their representative demonstrations of soft robotics. Specifically, we introduce modifications of DE materials that enable large strains, fast responses, and high energy densities by suppressing EMI. Additionally, we examine materials that allow variable stiffness and self‐healing abilities in DE actuators. Finally, we review dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) applications in soft robotics in four categories, including automation, manipulation, locomotion, and human interaction.
传统的机器人系统是用刚性材料建造的,以处理大的力和预定的过程。然而,软机器人是一个新兴领域,旨在开发能够在不可预测的环境中执行任务的适应性机器人和缩小人与机器之间差距的生物相容性设备。介电弹性体(DEs)已经成为一种模仿自然肌肉的特性和性能的软驱动技术,使其成为软机器人的有吸引力的材料选择。然而,传统的DE材料受到机电不稳定性(EMI)的影响,这降低了它们的性能并限制了它们在软机器人中的应用。这篇综述从材料的角度讨论了DE人造肌肉的关键创新,然后调查了他们在软机器人技术中的代表性演示。具体来说,我们介绍了DE材料的修改,通过抑制EMI实现大应变、快速响应和高能量密度。此外,我们还研究了在DE执行器中允许可变刚度和自愈能力的材料。最后,我们回顾了介电弹性体致动器(DEA)在软机器人中的应用,包括自动化、操纵、运动和人机交互。
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引用次数: 4
Reduction‐induced metal/oxide interfacial sites for selective CO2 hydrogenation 还原诱导的选择性CO2加氢的金属/氧化物界面位点
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1201
Zhenhua Xie, Sooyeon Hwang, Jing Chen
The interfacial structures of bimetallic‐derived catalysts play an important role in promoting the activation of reactants such as CO2. In particular, both the physical property (e.g., local bonding environment) and the electronic property (e.g., oxidation state) can evolve from their native states under different environments, such as upon reduction and during the catalytic reaction. Hence, taking the CO2 hydrogenation reaction over Rh‐based catalysts as a case study, the present work compares the interfacial structures in tuning the selectivity toward CH4 or CO. The combination of ex situ and in situ characterization reveals two representative interfacial structures: the Rh/CeOx interface formed over Rh/CeO2 is active and selective to produce CH4 (~95%) by following a formate‐mediated pathway; in comparison, the InOx/Rh interface derived after reduction is active for CO2 activation and enables a redox mechanism for the exclusive formation of CO (~100%). This work provides insights into the environment‐induced structural evolution at the metal−oxide interfaces, as well as the role of distinct interfacial active sites in tuning the selectivity of CO2 hydrogenation.
双金属衍生催化剂的界面结构在促进CO2等反应物的活化中起着重要作用。特别是,物理性质(例如,局部成键环境)和电子性质(例如,氧化态)都可以在不同的环境下,例如在还原和催化反应过程中,从它们的原始状态演变而来。因此,本研究以Rh基催化剂上的CO2加氢反应为例,比较了调整对CH4或CO选择性的界面结构。结合非原位和原位表征,揭示了两种具有代表性的界面结构:Rh/CeO2上形成的Rh/CeOx界面具有活性和选择性,通过甲酸盐介导的途径产生CH4 (~95%);相比之下,还原后生成的InOx/Rh界面对CO2活化具有活性,并实现了CO的氧化还原机制(~100%)。这项工作提供了对环境诱导的金属-氧化物界面结构演化的见解,以及不同界面活性位点在调节CO2加氢选择性中的作用。
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引用次数: 1
A descriptor of IB alloy catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction IB合金析氢反应催化剂描述符
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1204
Tian Yang, Chuanqi Cheng, Liyang Xiao, Min Wang, Feifei Zhang, Jiaqi Wang, Pengfei Yin, Gurong Shen, Jing Yang, C. Dong, Hui Liu, Xi-Wen Du
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引用次数: 1
Artificial photosynthesis bringing new vigor into plastic wastes 人工光合作用为塑料垃圾带来新的活力
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1202
Sailei Kang, Tao Sun, Yingxin Ma, Mengmeng Du, M. Gong, Chunyu Zhou, Yang Chai, Bocheng Qiu
The accumulation of plastic wastes in landfills and the environment threatens our environment and public health, while leading to the loss of potential carbon resources. The urgent necessary lies in developing an energy‐saving and environmentally benign approach to upgrade plastic into value‐added chemicals. Artificial photosynthesis holds the ability to realize plastic upcycling by using endless solar energy under mild conditions, but remains in the initial stage for plastic upgrading. In this review, we aim to look critically at the photocatalytic conversion of plastic wastes from the perspective of resource reutilization. To begin with, we present the emerging conversion routes for plastic wastes and highlight the advantages of artificial photosynthesis for processing plastic wastes. By parsing photocatalytic plastic conversion process, we demonstrate the currently available routes for processing plastic, including plastic photodegradation, tandem decomposition of plastic and CO2 reduction, selective plastic oxidation, as well as photoreforming of plastic. This review concludes with a personal perspective for potential advances and emerging challenges in photocatalytic plastic conversion.
塑料垃圾在垃圾填埋场和环境中的积累威胁着我们的环境和公众健康,同时导致潜在碳资源的损失。迫切需要的是开发一种节能环保的方法,将塑料升级为增值化学品。人工光合作用具有在温和条件下利用无穷无尽的太阳能实现塑料升级循环的能力,但仍处于塑料升级的初级阶段。本文从资源再利用的角度对塑料废弃物的光催化转化进行了综述。首先,我们介绍了塑料废物的新兴转化途径,并强调了人工光合作用处理塑料废物的优势。通过分析光催化塑料转化过程,我们展示了目前可用的塑料加工途径,包括塑料光降解、塑料串联分解和二氧化碳还原、塑料选择性氧化以及塑料光重整。本文总结了光催化塑料转化的潜在进展和面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 6
Graphene and boron nitride foams for smart functional applications 石墨烯和氮化硼泡沫用于智能功能应用
Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1199
Chiwei Xu, Jinjue Zeng, Yue Wang, Xiangfen Jiang, Xuebin Wang
Graphene and boron nitride (BN) foams, as two types of three‐dimensional (3D) nanomaterials consisting of two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheets, can inherit a series of excellent properties of the 2D individuals. The internal 3D network can prevent aggregation or restacking between isolated graphene or BN nanosheets, and provide a highway for phonon/electron transports. Moreover, the interconnected porous structure creates a continual channel for the mass exchange of exotic species. The light‐element graphene and BN foams can thus possess the characteristics of low density, high porosity, high surface area, and excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Benefiting from these advantages, they show a wide range of applications. The usual synthesis methods and the recent functional applications of graphene and BN foams are reviewed herein, including their applications as supporting materials, elastic materials, acoustic shielding materials, thermal interface materials, electromagnetic shielding materials, adsorption materials, electrocatalysis and thermal catalyses materials, electrochemical energy storage, and thermal energy storage materials. Current challenges and outlooks are additionally discussed.
石墨烯和氮化硼(BN)泡沫作为两种由二维(2D)纳米片组成的三维(3D)纳米材料,可以继承二维(2D)纳米片的一系列优异性能。内部三维网络可以防止孤立的石墨烯或BN纳米片之间的聚集或再堆积,并为声子/电子传输提供高速公路。此外,相互连接的多孔结构为外来物种的大量交换创造了一个连续的通道。因此,轻元素石墨烯和BN泡沫具有低密度、高孔隙率、高表面积和优异的机械、热学和电学性能等特点。得益于这些优点,它们具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了石墨烯和氮化硼泡沫材料的常用合成方法和近年来的功能应用,包括其作为支撑材料、弹性材料、声屏蔽材料、热界面材料、电磁屏蔽材料、吸附材料、电催化和热催化材料、电化学储能和热储能材料等方面的应用。另外还讨论了当前的挑战和前景。
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引用次数: 1
Development of organic redox‐active materials in aqueous flow batteries: Current strategies and future perspectives 水液流电池中有机氧化还原活性材料的发展:当前策略和未来展望
Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1198
M. Pan, M. Shao, Zhong Jin
Aqueous redox flow batteries, by using redox‐active molecules dissolved in nonflammable water solutions as electrolytes, are a promising technology for grid‐scale energy storage. Organic redox‐active materials offer a new opportunity for the construction of advanced flow batteries due to their advantages of potentially low cost, extensive structural diversity, tunable electrochemical properties, and high natural abundance. In this review, we present the emergence and development of organic redox‐active materials for aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs), in particular, molecular engineering concepts and strategies of organic redox‐active molecules. The typical design strategies based on organic redox species for high‐capacity, high‐stability, and high‐voltage AORFBs are outlined and discussed. Molecular engineering of organic redox‐active molecules for high aqueous solubility, high chemical/electrochemical stability, and multiple electron numbers as well as satisfactory redox potential gap between the redox pair is essential to realizing high‐performance AORFBs. Beyond molecular engineering, the redox‐targeting strategy is an effective way to obtain high‐capacity AORFBs. We further discuss and analyze the redox reaction mechanisms of organic redox species based on a series of electrochemical and spectroscopic approaches, and succinctly summarize the capacity degradation mechanisms of AORFBs. Furthermore, the current challenges, opportunities, and future directions of organic redox‐active materials for AORFBs are presented in detail.
水氧化还原液流电池,通过使用溶解在不可燃水溶液中的氧化还原活性分子作为电解质,是一种很有前途的电网级储能技术。有机氧化还原活性材料由于其潜在的低成本、广泛的结构多样性、可调节的电化学性能和高天然丰度等优势,为构建先进的液流电池提供了新的机会。本文综述了用于水相有机氧化还原液流电池(AORFBs)的有机氧化还原活性材料的出现和发展,重点介绍了有机氧化还原活性分子的分子工程概念和策略。概述并讨论了基于有机氧化还原物质的高容量、高稳定性和高电压主动脉fb的典型设计策略。高水溶性、高化学/电化学稳定性、多电子数以及氧化还原对之间令人满意的氧化还原电位差的有机氧化还原活性分子的分子工程是实现高性能aorfb的关键。除分子工程外,氧化还原靶向策略是获得高容量主动脉内皮细胞的有效途径。基于一系列电化学和光谱方法,我们进一步讨论和分析了有机氧化还原物质的氧化还原反应机理,并简要总结了aorfb的容量退化机理。此外,本文还详细介绍了有机氧化还原活性材料用于主动脉fb的挑战、机遇和未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 5
Organic quantum materials: A review 有机量子材料:综述
Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1196
Xin Wang, Qichun Zhang
Interests in organic quantum materials (OQMs) have been explosively growing in the field of condensed physics of matter due to their rich chemistry and unique quantum properties. They are strongly correlated systems and show novel electromagnetic performance such as high‐temperature superconducting, quantum sensing, spin electronics, quantum dots, topological insulating, quantum Hall effects, spin liquids, qubits, and so forth, which exhibit promising prospects in information communication and thus facilitate the construction of a modern intelligent society. This article reviews recent developments in the research on the electromagnetic characteristics of OQMs. We mainly give an overview on the progress of superconductors and quantum spin liquids based on organic materials and describe their possible mechanisms. Numerous experimental findings exhibit new exciton interactions and provide insights into exotic electronic properties. Finally, their association and strategies for realizing multiple quantum states in one system are discussed.
有机量子材料由于其丰富的化学性质和独特的量子性质,在物质凝聚态物理领域引起了人们的极大兴趣。它们是强相关系统,具有高温超导、量子传感、自旋电子学、量子点、拓扑绝缘、量子霍尔效应、自旋液体、量子比特等新颖的电磁性能,在信息通信中具有广阔的应用前景,从而促进了现代智能社会的建设。本文综述了近年来OQMs电磁特性的研究进展。本文主要综述了基于有机材料的超导体和量子自旋液体的研究进展,并描述了它们的可能机制。许多实验发现展示了新的激子相互作用,并提供了对奇异电子性质的见解。最后,讨论了它们之间的关联以及在一个系统中实现多个量子态的策略。
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引用次数: 1
From bibliometric analysis: 3D printing design strategies and battery applications with a focus on zinc‐ion batteries 从文献计量分析:3D打印设计策略和电池应用,重点是锌离子电池
Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/smm2.1197
Xuan Gao, Kejiang Liu, Chang Su, Wei Zhang, Yuhang Dai, I. Parkin, C. Carmalt, Guanjie He
Three ‐ dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to revolutionize the way energy storage devices are designed and manufactured. In this paper, we explore the use of 3D printing in the design and production of energy storage devices, especially zinc ‐ ion batteries (ZIBs) and examine its potential advantages over traditional manufacturing methods. 3D printing could significantly improve the customization of ZIBs, making it a promising strategy for the future of energy storage. In particular, 3D printing allows for the creation of complex, customized geometries, and designs that can optimize the energy density, power density, and overall performance of batteries. Simultaneously, we discuss and compare the impact of 3D printing design strategies based on different configurations of film, interdigitation, and framework on energy storage devices with a focus on ZIBs. Additionally, 3D printing enables the rapid
三维(3D)打印有可能彻底改变储能设备的设计和制造方式。在本文中,我们探索了3D打印在储能设备设计和生产中的应用,特别是锌离子电池(zib),并研究了其相对于传统制造方法的潜在优势。3D打印可以显著改善zib的定制化,使其成为未来能源存储的一个有前途的策略。特别是,3D打印允许创建复杂的,定制的几何形状和设计,可以优化电池的能量密度,功率密度和整体性能。同时,我们讨论并比较了基于薄膜、交叉数字化和框架的不同配置的3D打印设计策略对储能器件的影响,重点是zib。此外,3D打印使快速
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引用次数: 3
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