Munipraveena Rela, B. Krishnaveni, P. Kumar, G. Lakshminarayana
CT abdominal image requires the automated diagnosis of part of the liver and lesions. It is challenging to segment the liver and the tumor due to the high strength resemblance between liver and other organs nearby. In this paper, an automatic method of segmenting liver from CT image using fuzzy level set algorithm is proposed. It can evolve immediately through spatial fuzzy clustering from preliminary segmentation. Reasonable initialization and effective specification of controlling parameters requiring significant manual intervention are subject to the efficiency of the level set segmentation. In the following ways, the algorithm is considerably improved. First during adaptive optimization, fuzzy clustering integrates spatial information, which removes intermediate morphological operations. Secondly, the level set segmentation controlling parameters are now extracted directly from the performance of fuzzy clustering. Thirdly, a approach is suggested to regularize the evolution of the level collection, which is distinct from other approaches, driven by fuzzy clustering. Finally, the fuzzy level set algorithm on CT liver was tested. Performance analysis of this algorithm was carried out in various modalities on medical images. The results supported its suitability for segmentation of liver tumor.
{"title":"Computerized segmentation of liver tumor using integrated fuzzy level set method","authors":"Munipraveena Rela, B. Krishnaveni, P. Kumar, G. Lakshminarayana","doi":"10.1063/5.0057980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057980","url":null,"abstract":"CT abdominal image requires the automated diagnosis of part of the liver and lesions. It is challenging to segment the liver and the tumor due to the high strength resemblance between liver and other organs nearby. In this paper, an automatic method of segmenting liver from CT image using fuzzy level set algorithm is proposed. It can evolve immediately through spatial fuzzy clustering from preliminary segmentation. Reasonable initialization and effective specification of controlling parameters requiring significant manual intervention are subject to the efficiency of the level set segmentation. In the following ways, the algorithm is considerably improved. First during adaptive optimization, fuzzy clustering integrates spatial information, which removes intermediate morphological operations. Secondly, the level set segmentation controlling parameters are now extracted directly from the performance of fuzzy clustering. Thirdly, a approach is suggested to regularize the evolution of the level collection, which is distinct from other approaches, driven by fuzzy clustering. Finally, the fuzzy level set algorithm on CT liver was tested. Performance analysis of this algorithm was carried out in various modalities on medical images. The results supported its suitability for segmentation of liver tumor.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76983134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A charge-exchange target for neutralizing a negative ion beam with energies up to 10 MeV and higher requires the development of a highly efficient plasma trap which allows plasma to form and be confined with a linear density up to 1017 cm−2 and higher. The magnetic systems in which the condition of magnetohydrodynamic stability of the plasma is satisfied are of most interest when pursuing a high-density plasma. The electron confinement efficiency in a magnetic trap with a quasi-spherically symmetric multicusp magnetic field geometry with a "minimum B" at the center of the system, in which all cusps are point-type cusps is studied using numerical methods. The results of numerical experiments are compared with a collisionless model of particle motion in a trap.
中和能量高达10 MeV或更高的负离子束的电荷交换目标需要开发一种高效的等离子体陷阱，该陷阱允许等离子体形成并被限制在高达1017 cm - 2或更高的线性密度。在追求高密度等离子体时，满足等离子体磁流体动力学稳定性条件的磁系统是最感兴趣的。用数值方法研究了具有准球对称多尖点磁场几何形状的磁阱中所有尖点都为点型尖点的电子约束效率。数值实验结果与阱中粒子运动的无碰撞模型进行了比较。
{"title":"Numerical modeling of electron confinement in a multicusp magnetic trap","authors":"V. Klenov","doi":"10.1063/5.0057422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057422","url":null,"abstract":"A charge-exchange target for neutralizing a negative ion beam with energies up to 10 MeV and higher requires the development of a highly efficient plasma trap which allows plasma to form and be confined with a linear density up to 1017 cm−2 and higher. The magnetic systems in which the condition of magnetohydrodynamic stability of the plasma is satisfied are of most interest when pursuing a high-density plasma. The electron confinement efficiency in a magnetic trap with a quasi-spherically symmetric multicusp magnetic field geometry with a \"minimum B\" at the center of the system, in which all cusps are point-type cusps is studied using numerical methods. The results of numerical experiments are compared with a collisionless model of particle motion in a trap.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84251823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hurlbatt, F. Bonomo, G. Orozco, R. Nocentini, C. Wimmer, U. Fantz
For current and future large scale tokamaks, neutral beams for heating and current drive are generated from the neutralisation of large negative ion beams with energies up to 1 MeV and current of up to 40 A. To improve efficiency and prevent high heat loads on beamline components, permanent magnets are used to deflect co-extracted electrons out of the beam at a low energy. This field also affects the negative ions as they are accelerated, causing beamlets to exit the grid system with a residual offset and deflection angle. This adversely affects the overall divergence of the beam, and compensation is foreseen in future devices. Measurements of the residual deflection of a single beamlet have been carried out at the BATMAN Upgrade test facility by calculating relative beamlet angles from beam emission spectroscopy (BES) spectra, and through the use of one-dimensional carbon fibre composite (1D-CFC) tile calorimetry to find beamlet positions. It is described how these measurements can be made, and that they are limited to relative measurements only, for a single beamlet and for a single line of sight. The amount of beamlet deflection is shown to change significantly, by up to 0.6°(10 mrad), depending on the operational parameters used. As is to be expected the beamlet deflection angle is observed to be affected by changes to the voltages of the acceleration system. However, the beamlet deflection angle is also observed to change with RF power and other source parameters, which, to a first approximation, should only affect beamlet divergence, and not the deflection. These changes to beamlet deflection through parameters other than the grid voltages used may have consequences for systems planning to use suppression systems for the zig-zag deflection. The effectiveness of the suppression system may be reduced due to changes in the source parameters, which could lead to beam losses and high heat loads on downstream components.
{"title":"Impact of operational parameters on single beamlet deflection in a negative ion source for NBI applications","authors":"A. Hurlbatt, F. Bonomo, G. Orozco, R. Nocentini, C. Wimmer, U. Fantz","doi":"10.1063/5.0057810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057810","url":null,"abstract":"For current and future large scale tokamaks, neutral beams for heating and current drive are generated from the neutralisation of large negative ion beams with energies up to 1 MeV and current of up to 40 A. To improve efficiency and prevent high heat loads on beamline components, permanent magnets are used to deflect co-extracted electrons out of the beam at a low energy. This field also affects the negative ions as they are accelerated, causing beamlets to exit the grid system with a residual offset and deflection angle. This adversely affects the overall divergence of the beam, and compensation is foreseen in future devices. Measurements of the residual deflection of a single beamlet have been carried out at the BATMAN Upgrade test facility by calculating relative beamlet angles from beam emission spectroscopy (BES) spectra, and through the use of one-dimensional carbon fibre composite (1D-CFC) tile calorimetry to find beamlet positions. It is described how these measurements can be made, and that they are limited to relative measurements only, for a single beamlet and for a single line of sight. The amount of beamlet deflection is shown to change significantly, by up to 0.6°(10 mrad), depending on the operational parameters used. As is to be expected the beamlet deflection angle is observed to be affected by changes to the voltages of the acceleration system. However, the beamlet deflection angle is also observed to change with RF power and other source parameters, which, to a first approximation, should only affect beamlet divergence, and not the deflection. These changes to beamlet deflection through parameters other than the grid voltages used may have consequences for systems planning to use suppression systems for the zig-zag deflection. The effectiveness of the suppression system may be reduced due to changes in the source parameters, which could lead to beam losses and high heat loads on downstream components.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"2 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83640772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Lakshminarayana, L. Suneel, M. Shabazkhan, Munipraveena Rela
Now a day’s very high speed processors play an important role in different applications like smart phones, embedded soc, robotics and IOT. In this paper all the instructions of ARM7 processor will be implemented using VHDL code and ARM7 data path will be implemented with multiplexer based design and it contains multiplier, Barrel shifter, ALU, current program status register, address buffer and data buffer. This design provides single cycle execution of instructions, low code density and also consumes less power, hence it is used in high speed, low power consumption applications like PDA, smart cards, internet of things, multimedia and wearable machines. All the instructions will be simulated using Modelsim and Xilinx XST tool will be used for FPGA synthesis.
{"title":"VHDL implementation of FPGA synthesizable ARM7 processor for mobile and embedded applications","authors":"G. Lakshminarayana, L. Suneel, M. Shabazkhan, Munipraveena Rela","doi":"10.1063/5.0058033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058033","url":null,"abstract":"Now a day’s very high speed processors play an important role in different applications like smart phones, embedded soc, robotics and IOT. In this paper all the instructions of ARM7 processor will be implemented using VHDL code and ARM7 data path will be implemented with multiplexer based design and it contains multiplier, Barrel shifter, ALU, current program status register, address buffer and data buffer. This design provides single cycle execution of instructions, low code density and also consumes less power, hence it is used in high speed, low power consumption applications like PDA, smart cards, internet of things, multimedia and wearable machines. All the instructions will be simulated using Modelsim and Xilinx XST tool will be used for FPGA synthesis.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91139894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumit Malabagi, V. Kulkarni, V. Gaitonde, G. Satish, B. Kotturshettar
To succeed in rapidly changing business environments, organizations are continually searching for techniques and methods to improve their productivity and efficiency. While managing project and project resources, it is necessary to consider the analysis of the project. Project management is a tough and challenging job for the organizations as it has more risks and chances of failure. The efficient project manager must understand and conduct a critical analysis of international obstacles, from government regulatory to foreign exchange rules and international taxes to the cultural problems of language differences, work schedules, management styles, ethics and customs. A project manager needs to be able to reach achievable targets and discuss the same with the team members. The project manager is also responsible for on-time product delivery and within budget as per the business needs. Sustainability is the most critical issue of the present time. Sustainability is the prevention of the depletion of natural resources to have ecological balance. This review article focuses on the aspects of PLM and its usage for successful project management, the role of the project manager in the project management with effective use of PLM and use of PLM in protecting the sustainability. The scope of this study is to understand the role of PLM for effective project management.
{"title":"Product lifecycle management (PLM): A decision-making tool for project management","authors":"Sumit Malabagi, V. Kulkarni, V. Gaitonde, G. Satish, B. Kotturshettar","doi":"10.1063/5.0057991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057991","url":null,"abstract":"To succeed in rapidly changing business environments, organizations are continually searching for techniques and methods to improve their productivity and efficiency. While managing project and project resources, it is necessary to consider the analysis of the project. Project management is a tough and challenging job for the organizations as it has more risks and chances of failure. The efficient project manager must understand and conduct a critical analysis of international obstacles, from government regulatory to foreign exchange rules and international taxes to the cultural problems of language differences, work schedules, management styles, ethics and customs. A project manager needs to be able to reach achievable targets and discuss the same with the team members. The project manager is also responsible for on-time product delivery and within budget as per the business needs. Sustainability is the most critical issue of the present time. Sustainability is the prevention of the depletion of natural resources to have ecological balance. This review article focuses on the aspects of PLM and its usage for successful project management, the role of the project manager in the project management with effective use of PLM and use of PLM in protecting the sustainability. The scope of this study is to understand the role of PLM for effective project management.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80621606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negative ion or atomic anion density measurement is frequently done non-invasively by employing a Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) diagnostic system in a negative ion source. The optical cavity in the CRDS system is created by installing two highly reflecting concave mirrors on two collinear opposite ports of the ion source chamber, so that the cavity encloses the plasma as an absorbing medium. In a continuously-fed cesium (Cs)-seeded ion source the CRDS mirror is exposed to Cs vapor environment. As a result, a finite probability of Cs deposition is possible on the mirror surface. In addition, ion sputtering and thermal distortion may degrade the mirror reflectivity and mirror alignment, respectively, during the time of ion source operation. Distorted cavity alignment may affect CRDS functionality. All the above issues increase the mirror loss which can be misinterpreted as absorption losses and lead to an over-estimation of negative ion density for a long ion source operation time. The CRDS sensitivity and accuracy depend on its mirror reflectivity or rather “effective reflectivity”. Since continuous Cs deposition yields a continuous change in mirror reflectivity, the CRDS sensitivity and accuracy also vary in time. A correction factor is needed to take care of the overestimation in negative ion density value if the time difference between the reference instance and measurement instance is significantly large. In this article, an algorithm is presented to find the correction scheme.
{"title":"Correction algorithm for cavity ring-down based anion density measurement in a negative ion source having continuously fed cesium vapor","authors":"D. Mukhopadhyay, M. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1063/5.0057484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057484","url":null,"abstract":"Negative ion or atomic anion density measurement is frequently done non-invasively by employing a Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) diagnostic system in a negative ion source. The optical cavity in the CRDS system is created by installing two highly reflecting concave mirrors on two collinear opposite ports of the ion source chamber, so that the cavity encloses the plasma as an absorbing medium. In a continuously-fed cesium (Cs)-seeded ion source the CRDS mirror is exposed to Cs vapor environment. As a result, a finite probability of Cs deposition is possible on the mirror surface. In addition, ion sputtering and thermal distortion may degrade the mirror reflectivity and mirror alignment, respectively, during the time of ion source operation. Distorted cavity alignment may affect CRDS functionality. All the above issues increase the mirror loss which can be misinterpreted as absorption losses and lead to an over-estimation of negative ion density for a long ion source operation time. The CRDS sensitivity and accuracy depend on its mirror reflectivity or rather “effective reflectivity”. Since continuous Cs deposition yields a continuous change in mirror reflectivity, the CRDS sensitivity and accuracy also vary in time. A correction factor is needed to take care of the overestimation in negative ion density value if the time difference between the reference instance and measurement instance is significantly large. In this article, an algorithm is presented to find the correction scheme.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77547444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wada, T. Kenmotsu, K. Ikeda, M. Kisaki, H. Nakano, K. Tsumori
Sputtering yields of molybdenum (Mo) are computed for deuterium, oxygen and carbon as impurity ions from the residual gas of the vacuum system, as well as Mo and Cs using Yamamura formula. The incident ion energy ranges from 10 keV to 1 MeV, the back-streaming ion beam energy from the extraction voltage up to ITER full acceleration potential. The sputtering yield of Cs against Mo reached ten atoms per ion and was the largest among the investigated ion species. The effect due to retention of deuterons in Mo was studied for the case of grazing angle incidence of D+ at D- ion extraction energy to confirm the small effect onto the sputtering yield; the result obtained for 10 keV D+ for 10% retention of D atoms in Mo increased the sputtering yield only by 2%. The back-streaming D+ ions at 1 MeV energy should make a layer of high concentration deuterium atoms at 6 µm depth from the Mo surface. Possible failure mode associated with the particle implantation is discussed.
{"title":"Damage to N-NBI systems due to positive ion back-streaming","authors":"M. Wada, T. Kenmotsu, K. Ikeda, M. Kisaki, H. Nakano, K. Tsumori","doi":"10.1063/5.0057427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057427","url":null,"abstract":"Sputtering yields of molybdenum (Mo) are computed for deuterium, oxygen and carbon as impurity ions from the residual gas of the vacuum system, as well as Mo and Cs using Yamamura formula. The incident ion energy ranges from 10 keV to 1 MeV, the back-streaming ion beam energy from the extraction voltage up to ITER full acceleration potential. The sputtering yield of Cs against Mo reached ten atoms per ion and was the largest among the investigated ion species. The effect due to retention of deuterons in Mo was studied for the case of grazing angle incidence of D+ at D- ion extraction energy to confirm the small effect onto the sputtering yield; the result obtained for 10 keV D+ for 10% retention of D atoms in Mo increased the sputtering yield only by 2%. The back-streaming D+ ions at 1 MeV energy should make a layer of high concentration deuterium atoms at 6 µm depth from the Mo surface. Possible failure mode associated with the particle implantation is discussed.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77168778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Bito, D. Faircloth, D. Gamba, A. Heiler, J. Hernández, S. Huh, M. Kisaki, S. Lawrie, Z. Li, C. Shi, Y. Shimabukuro, J. Wang, N. Wang, R. Wang, Y. Xu
This manuscript groups together all the text based Questions and Answers (Q+A) from the poster presentations at NIBS2020.
这份手稿汇集了NIBS2020海报展示中的所有基于文本的问答(Q+A)。
{"title":"NIBS2020 poster Q+A","authors":"K. Bito, D. Faircloth, D. Gamba, A. Heiler, J. Hernández, S. Huh, M. Kisaki, S. Lawrie, Z. Li, C. Shi, Y. Shimabukuro, J. Wang, N. Wang, R. Wang, Y. Xu","doi":"10.1063/5.0058931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058931","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript groups together all the text based Questions and Answers (Q+A) from the poster presentations at NIBS2020.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80583666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3D Printers produce physical 3D objects by printing layer by layer from digital data. The digital data in the form of CAD models can be obtained either from any advance CAD packages or scanned models from a 3D Scanner. Due to the extreme shortage of ventilators available in India and continues increase of corona virus patients’ day by day there is a need of more ventilators. Five percent of patients who are suffering from corona virus need ventilator support for breathing. To overcome the shortage of ventilators, ventilator splitters were developed and it can be shared by many patients for oxygen supply.It can able to control flow of oxygen from the ventilator splitters to different patient’s lung sizes. So in this research a ventilator splitter, design in CATIA software, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was done using ANSYS16.0 and fabricated by process of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) using antimicrobial PLA material. Antimicrobial PLA is biodegradable plastic integrated with copper nano-particles, which will restrict the 3D printed parts contaminating bacteria’s. So, copper nano-particles PLA can be used for producing ventilator splitters for splitting oxygen to the four patients at a time emergency situation in hospitals. From the CFD analysis it is observed that the oxygen maximum static pressure (1.058e +002Pa) is at inlet of the ventilator and minimum static pressure (-2.17e+002Pa) at outlet of the ventilator splitters. The maximum oxygen flow velocity is 2.121e+001m/s and there is no change of temperature of the flow. It is also seen that net mass flow rate and net heat transfer rate are 0.0032676226kg/s and -0.051416769w respectively.
{"title":"Design, analysis and development of antimicrobial ventilator splitters for four patients","authors":"D. Singh, T. Mahender, Shaik Shashavali","doi":"10.1063/5.0058153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058153","url":null,"abstract":"3D Printers produce physical 3D objects by printing layer by layer from digital data. The digital data in the form of CAD models can be obtained either from any advance CAD packages or scanned models from a 3D Scanner. Due to the extreme shortage of ventilators available in India and continues increase of corona virus patients’ day by day there is a need of more ventilators. Five percent of patients who are suffering from corona virus need ventilator support for breathing. To overcome the shortage of ventilators, ventilator splitters were developed and it can be shared by many patients for oxygen supply.It can able to control flow of oxygen from the ventilator splitters to different patient’s lung sizes. So in this research a ventilator splitter, design in CATIA software, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was done using ANSYS16.0 and fabricated by process of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) using antimicrobial PLA material. Antimicrobial PLA is biodegradable plastic integrated with copper nano-particles, which will restrict the 3D printed parts contaminating bacteria’s. So, copper nano-particles PLA can be used for producing ventilator splitters for splitting oxygen to the four patients at a time emergency situation in hospitals. From the CFD analysis it is observed that the oxygen maximum static pressure (1.058e +002Pa) is at inlet of the ventilator and minimum static pressure (-2.17e+002Pa) at outlet of the ventilator splitters. The maximum oxygen flow velocity is 2.121e+001m/s and there is no change of temperature of the flow. It is also seen that net mass flow rate and net heat transfer rate are 0.0032676226kg/s and -0.051416769w respectively.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85358977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the contemporary world, Web applications have turned out as a crucial element. Everything became easy, simpler, and can meet its aim speedy with web applications. These applications help to reach consumers, patrons, and stakeholders throughout the world easily. The web applications made it easier to keep a proper communication channel between business consortium and consumers. The web applications store the decisive information in its databases which it receives from users. The web application and database are accessible through the internet which gets affected by all the kinds of security threads, leads to misuse of the important information of the user by attackers. Among those attacks, the SQL Injection attack been placed under the top ten susceptibilities. By this type of attack, the hacker can steal important and confidential information from the database which will affect any business or consumer’s establishments. The paper here provides quintessential information on the functions of Machine learning, Predictive Analytics, and development of the consequential web that precisely calculates and avoids SQLIA with experiential valuation presented in the Receiver operating curve and Confusion matrix.
{"title":"A study of prevention and detection analysis of SQL injection attack","authors":"G. S. Rani, S. Sarika, P. Rupa","doi":"10.1063/5.0059318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059318","url":null,"abstract":"In the contemporary world, Web applications have turned out as a crucial element. Everything became easy, simpler, and can meet its aim speedy with web applications. These applications help to reach consumers, patrons, and stakeholders throughout the world easily. The web applications made it easier to keep a proper communication channel between business consortium and consumers. The web applications store the decisive information in its databases which it receives from users. The web application and database are accessible through the internet which gets affected by all the kinds of security threads, leads to misuse of the important information of the user by attackers. Among those attacks, the SQL Injection attack been placed under the top ten susceptibilities. By this type of attack, the hacker can steal important and confidential information from the database which will affect any business or consumer’s establishments. The paper here provides quintessential information on the functions of Machine learning, Predictive Analytics, and development of the consequential web that precisely calculates and avoids SQLIA with experiential valuation presented in the Receiver operating curve and Confusion matrix.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87282322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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