{"title":"NIBS 2020 Author Index: Seventh International Symposium on Negative Ions, Beams and Sources","authors":"BelchenkoYuri, FairclothDan, LawrieScott, TarvainenOlli, WadaMotoi","doi":"10.1063/12.0005713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/12.0005713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73853868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Tarvainen, R. Kronholm, M. Laitinen, M. Reponen, J. Julin, V. Toivanen, M. Napari, M. Marttinen, T. Kalvas, D. Faircloth, H. Koivisto, T. Sajavaara
It has been recently proposed that the production of negative ions with cesium sputter ion sources could be enhanced by laser-assisted resonant ion pair production. We have tested this hypothesis by measuring the effect of pulsed diode lasers at various wavelengths on the O− and Al− beam current produced from Al2O3 cathode of a cesium sputter ion source. The experimental results provide evidence for the existence of a wavelength-dependent photo-assisted enhancement of negative ion currents but cast doubt on its alleged resonant nature as the effect is observed for both O− and Al− ions at laser energies above a certain threshold. The beam current transients observed during the laser pulses suggest that the magnitude and longevity of the beam current enhancement depends on the cesium balance on the cathode surface. It is shown that the ions produced by the laser exposure originate from slightly different potential than the surface produced ions, which allows us to constrain the underlying physical mechanisms. It is concluded that the photo-assisted negative ion production could be of practical importance as it can more than double the extracted beam current under certain operational settings of the cesium sputter ion source. We discuss experiments designed to confirm or dispute the relevance of the ion pair production for negative ion production with cesium sputter ion sources and the possibility of ion pair production explaining the beneficial effect of xenon admixture on the negative ion yield of an RF-driven H− ion source.
{"title":"Photo-assisted O− and Al− production with a cesium sputter ion source","authors":"O. Tarvainen, R. Kronholm, M. Laitinen, M. Reponen, J. Julin, V. Toivanen, M. Napari, M. Marttinen, T. Kalvas, D. Faircloth, H. Koivisto, T. Sajavaara","doi":"10.1063/5.0057495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057495","url":null,"abstract":"It has been recently proposed that the production of negative ions with cesium sputter ion sources could be enhanced by laser-assisted resonant ion pair production. We have tested this hypothesis by measuring the effect of pulsed diode lasers at various wavelengths on the O− and Al− beam current produced from Al2O3 cathode of a cesium sputter ion source. The experimental results provide evidence for the existence of a wavelength-dependent photo-assisted enhancement of negative ion currents but cast doubt on its alleged resonant nature as the effect is observed for both O− and Al− ions at laser energies above a certain threshold. The beam current transients observed during the laser pulses suggest that the magnitude and longevity of the beam current enhancement depends on the cesium balance on the cathode surface. It is shown that the ions produced by the laser exposure originate from slightly different potential than the surface produced ions, which allows us to constrain the underlying physical mechanisms. It is concluded that the photo-assisted negative ion production could be of practical importance as it can more than double the extracted beam current under certain operational settings of the cesium sputter ion source. We discuss experiments designed to confirm or dispute the relevance of the ion pair production for negative ion production with cesium sputter ion sources and the possibility of ion pair production explaining the beneficial effect of xenon admixture on the negative ion yield of an RF-driven H− ion source.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75815990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mailaram Gunashekar, M. Rakesh, K. S. K. Reddy, Y. V. Narayana
The design of electronic component plays a crucial role in proper functioning of the missile. Vibration is one of the most important loading conditions in electronic systems at different phases such as transportation, handling, captive carry flight and free flight. Unless an electronic system is designed to function in its dynamic environment, there can be many structural problems that may require an extensive amount of redesign and re-testing. Electronic systems are actually subjected to three different phases of dynamic or vibration environment. The first phase is during manufacturing or screening test, the second is during transportation from assembly to plant to the customer and the final phase is in the operational environment. The different components such as electronic components and supporting structure undergo random vibrations resulting in malfunctioning of the system. Since the entire electronic components are mounted on chassis which is supported by the supporting structure, it is vital to ensure its proper design to resist dynamic effects when exposed to vibration environment. Analysis of dynamics of a complete system and interactions between each level is required in order to obtain a complete system model which leads to the solution of vibration problem.The design of electronic components is based on the requirements of the missile. In this project, supporting structure is modified by changing mounting bars and mounting plates. These structures are designed by integrating bars and plate. The aim of this project is to design these structures and perform random vibration analysis individually in ANSYS, to analyse the effects of random vibration on these supporting structures and determine the best supporting structure which reduces the effects of random vibration on the electronic components.
{"title":"Dynamic analysis on supporting structure of air borne vehicle subjected to random vibrations","authors":"Mailaram Gunashekar, M. Rakesh, K. S. K. Reddy, Y. V. Narayana","doi":"10.1063/5.0057929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057929","url":null,"abstract":"The design of electronic component plays a crucial role in proper functioning of the missile. Vibration is one of the most important loading conditions in electronic systems at different phases such as transportation, handling, captive carry flight and free flight. Unless an electronic system is designed to function in its dynamic environment, there can be many structural problems that may require an extensive amount of redesign and re-testing. Electronic systems are actually subjected to three different phases of dynamic or vibration environment. The first phase is during manufacturing or screening test, the second is during transportation from assembly to plant to the customer and the final phase is in the operational environment. The different components such as electronic components and supporting structure undergo random vibrations resulting in malfunctioning of the system. Since the entire electronic components are mounted on chassis which is supported by the supporting structure, it is vital to ensure its proper design to resist dynamic effects when exposed to vibration environment. Analysis of dynamics of a complete system and interactions between each level is required in order to obtain a complete system model which leads to the solution of vibration problem.The design of electronic components is based on the requirements of the missile. In this project, supporting structure is modified by changing mounting bars and mounting plates. These structures are designed by integrating bars and plate. The aim of this project is to design these structures and perform random vibration analysis individually in ANSYS, to analyse the effects of random vibration on these supporting structures and determine the best supporting structure which reduces the effects of random vibration on the electronic components.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72690180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Kaladgi, Hannan Pasha, A. Afzal, M. Baig, D. Maneiah, A. Buradi
There has been significant increase in the use of composites materials as structural materials in most of the engineering applications. Here we have used Lapox 12 epoxy resin and K6 hardener as matrix, then polypropylene bags as reinforcement and Titanium dioxide and aluminum dioxide as filler materials. We made five samples of composite materials with different proportions of filler materials and tests including tensile test, flexural test, wear test, Rockwell hardness test and izod impact test are done to determine different mechanical features of the composite materials. The aim of this project is to examine the mechanical features and sliding wear performance of poly propylene reinforced epoxy composites with filler materials. Hand layup technique is used for the manufacturing of specimen and a 30 cm x 30cm x 0.3cm specimen is made and after that it is cutted in to required shapes and sizes as per ASTM standards. The test result of all specimen are tabulated and analyzed. The results revealed that the specimen with Titanium dioxide shows excellent mechanical properties than specimen with aluminum oxide and specimen without filler materials.
在大多数工程应用中，复合材料作为结构材料的使用已经显著增加。本文采用Lapox 12环氧树脂和K6硬化剂为基体，聚丙烯袋为增强材料，二氧化钛和二氧化铝为填充材料。制作了5种不同填充材料配比的复合材料试样，通过拉伸试验、弯曲试验、磨损试验、洛氏硬度试验和izod冲击试验，确定了复合材料的不同力学特性。本课题的目的是研究聚丙烯增强环氧复合材料的力学特性和滑动磨损性能。样品的制造采用手工叠加技术，制作30cm x 30cm x 0.3cm的样品，然后根据ASTM标准将其切割成所需的形状和尺寸。将所有试件的试验结果制成表格并进行分析。结果表明，添加二氧化钛的试样比添加氧化铝和未添加填料的试样具有更好的力学性能。
{"title":"Experimental investigation of mechanical properties and sliding wear behavior of poly propylene reinforced epoxy composites with filler material","authors":"A. R. Kaladgi, Hannan Pasha, A. Afzal, M. Baig, D. Maneiah, A. Buradi","doi":"10.1063/5.0058460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058460","url":null,"abstract":"There has been significant increase in the use of composites materials as structural materials in most of the engineering applications. Here we have used Lapox 12 epoxy resin and K6 hardener as matrix, then polypropylene bags as reinforcement and Titanium dioxide and aluminum dioxide as filler materials. We made five samples of composite materials with different proportions of filler materials and tests including tensile test, flexural test, wear test, Rockwell hardness test and izod impact test are done to determine different mechanical features of the composite materials. The aim of this project is to examine the mechanical features and sliding wear performance of poly propylene reinforced epoxy composites with filler materials. Hand layup technique is used for the manufacturing of specimen and a 30 cm x 30cm x 0.3cm specimen is made and after that it is cutted in to required shapes and sizes as per ASTM standards. The test result of all specimen are tabulated and analyzed. The results revealed that the specimen with Titanium dioxide shows excellent mechanical properties than specimen with aluminum oxide and specimen without filler materials.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80951009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A few large number of individuals pass on every day because of the delay taken by the Ambulance administration to arrive at the mishap spot. This occurs because of gridlock, clog in the city. A model of a crisis flying air rescue vehicle or an emergency vehicle drone which can arrive at the genuine cases quicker than a typical emergency vehicle which saves time is planned and it likewise gauges the diverse wellbeing boundaries utilizing its estimating gadgets. At the point when a call is given to the crisis number, the crisis administrator tracks the area and explores utilizing worldwide situating framework. The rescue vehicle drone enters the scene in the moment time and continuous orders are given by the administrator. The robot comprises of a smaller than normal patient observing framework which contains variation sensors which can be advantageously appended to the casualty body and the significant boundaries is estimated and it is promptly shipped off the emergency vehicle just as to the close by clinic utilizing worldwide situating framework and ZIGBEE. The specific outcome assists the paramedics with welling the specialists to assess the circumstance snappier with better demonstrative and restorative decisions. Along these lines, the objective is to build up a generally useful clinical toolbox that can be travelled to any crisis circumstance and it is utilized to give the real time circumstance results to the emergency vehicle and the emergency clinic group so they will be prepared to serve to the requirements of the patients. This model assists with supporting the standard emergency vehicle instead of supplanting the typical rescue vehicle.
{"title":"Design and fabrication of quad copter semi-autonomous drone for medical appliances","authors":"N. Prabhakar, S. S. Kumar, Shaik Shasha Vali","doi":"10.1063/5.0058364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0058364","url":null,"abstract":"A few large number of individuals pass on every day because of the delay taken by the Ambulance administration to arrive at the mishap spot. This occurs because of gridlock, clog in the city. A model of a crisis flying air rescue vehicle or an emergency vehicle drone which can arrive at the genuine cases quicker than a typical emergency vehicle which saves time is planned and it likewise gauges the diverse wellbeing boundaries utilizing its estimating gadgets. At the point when a call is given to the crisis number, the crisis administrator tracks the area and explores utilizing worldwide situating framework. The rescue vehicle drone enters the scene in the moment time and continuous orders are given by the administrator. The robot comprises of a smaller than normal patient observing framework which contains variation sensors which can be advantageously appended to the casualty body and the significant boundaries is estimated and it is promptly shipped off the emergency vehicle just as to the close by clinic utilizing worldwide situating framework and ZIGBEE. The specific outcome assists the paramedics with welling the specialists to assess the circumstance snappier with better demonstrative and restorative decisions. Along these lines, the objective is to build up a generally useful clinical toolbox that can be travelled to any crisis circumstance and it is utilized to give the real time circumstance results to the emergency vehicle and the emergency clinic group so they will be prepared to serve to the requirements of the patients. This model assists with supporting the standard emergency vehicle instead of supplanting the typical rescue vehicle.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84043809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ikeda, M. Kisaki, H. Nakano, K. Tsumori, K. Nagaoka, Y. Fujiwara, S. Masaki, E. Rattanawongnara, M. Osakabe
The difference of the stripping loss between hydrogen and deuterium is examined using two approaches. The first is the measurement of the optical beam emission. The wavelength of beam emission spectrum reflects the energy distribution of beam particles by the Doppler effect. The low-energy stripping peak is observed in the energy band corresponding to the extraction voltage, and also a moderate shoulder is distributed in the lower energy region. Secondly, the spatial and the energy distribution in the accelerator is estimated by the attenuation calculation using the vacuum pressure distribution in the accelerator. Stripping neutrals are concentrated in the low energy region, and a peak is formed at 9 keV in the energy distribution due to stripping neutrals inside the extraction grid aperture. The total stripping loss inside the accelerator is 16% for hydrogen and 24% for deuterium. The calculated Doppler-shifted spectra for hydrogen and deuterium clearly show the peak with the moderate shoulder on the redshift side, which is consistent with the measured results.
{"title":"Validation of the distribution of stripping loss neutrals in the accelerator of the negative ion source","authors":"K. Ikeda, M. Kisaki, H. Nakano, K. Tsumori, K. Nagaoka, Y. Fujiwara, S. Masaki, E. Rattanawongnara, M. Osakabe","doi":"10.1063/5.0057443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057443","url":null,"abstract":"The difference of the stripping loss between hydrogen and deuterium is examined using two approaches. The first is the measurement of the optical beam emission. The wavelength of beam emission spectrum reflects the energy distribution of beam particles by the Doppler effect. The low-energy stripping peak is observed in the energy band corresponding to the extraction voltage, and also a moderate shoulder is distributed in the lower energy region. Secondly, the spatial and the energy distribution in the accelerator is estimated by the attenuation calculation using the vacuum pressure distribution in the accelerator. Stripping neutrals are concentrated in the low energy region, and a peak is formed at 9 keV in the energy distribution due to stripping neutrals inside the extraction grid aperture. The total stripping loss inside the accelerator is 16% for hydrogen and 24% for deuterium. The calculated Doppler-shifted spectra for hydrogen and deuterium clearly show the peak with the moderate shoulder on the redshift side, which is consistent with the measured results.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83536244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheel Assemblies in a Traditional Vehicle or a Robot Consists of a Knuckle, Hub, Bearings and Wheel usually assembled as a Single Part. The materials used to make these components are cast iron, Aluminium alloys, Ductile iron, mild steel etc. Usage of an alternative material like ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) has been proposed in this work which is intended to reduce the overall weight of the wheel assembly. Due to the Lightweight of hub and wheel would reduce the Inertia, the work done to stop or move the vehicle will also be reduced. In this work a 3D Printed ABS wheel hub has been proposed by conducting required analysis with suitable three-dimensionaldesign yielding reliable Factor of Safety with reduction in weight and hence making ABS a usable material for the wheel hubs. The characteristics of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) like good mechanical strength, mechanical damping ability with good fatigue resistance, Stiffness and ease of manufacturing gives the material an upper hand over other plastic polymers in reducing the mass without compromising on safety and strength.
{"title":"Design, analysis and fabrication of a 3D printed ABS wheel hub for an autonomous agricultural robot","authors":"B. V. Naik, R. Goud","doi":"10.1063/5.0057866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057866","url":null,"abstract":"Wheel Assemblies in a Traditional Vehicle or a Robot Consists of a Knuckle, Hub, Bearings and Wheel usually assembled as a Single Part. The materials used to make these components are cast iron, Aluminium alloys, Ductile iron, mild steel etc. Usage of an alternative material like ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) has been proposed in this work which is intended to reduce the overall weight of the wheel assembly. Due to the Lightweight of hub and wheel would reduce the Inertia, the work done to stop or move the vehicle will also be reduced. In this work a 3D Printed ABS wheel hub has been proposed by conducting required analysis with suitable three-dimensionaldesign yielding reliable Factor of Safety with reduction in weight and hence making ABS a usable material for the wheel hubs. The characteristics of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) like good mechanical strength, mechanical damping ability with good fatigue resistance, Stiffness and ease of manufacturing gives the material an upper hand over other plastic polymers in reducing the mass without compromising on safety and strength.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87341822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudhakar Alluri, K. Mounika, B. Balaji, D. Mamatha
In this paper, we develop n variable logic function using Multiplexer which is used to implement (n-1) variable Multiplexer. This reduces the architecture for implementation of any logic in gate level and thereby makes the hardware of the circuit less complex. This method also effects on area, power, delay which makes the system more efficient and reliable. Initially the three variable logic functions are implemented using 8x1 Multiplexer and then after the same logic is implemented using 4x1 Multiplexer. By this method of implementation, power is decreased by 10%, I/O Blocks are reduced by 20% and dynamic power consumption is reduced by 4% reduced which were shown in results. In our paper, the various parameters are compared and analyzed using Vivado tool.
{"title":"Optimization of multiplexer architecture in VLSI circuits","authors":"Sudhakar Alluri, K. Mounika, B. Balaji, D. Mamatha","doi":"10.1063/5.0059332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0059332","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we develop n variable logic function using Multiplexer which is used to implement (n-1) variable Multiplexer. This reduces the architecture for implementation of any logic in gate level and thereby makes the hardware of the circuit less complex. This method also effects on area, power, delay which makes the system more efficient and reliable. Initially the three variable logic functions are implemented using 8x1 Multiplexer and then after the same logic is implemented using 4x1 Multiplexer. By this method of implementation, power is decreased by 10%, I/O Blocks are reduced by 20% and dynamic power consumption is reduced by 4% reduced which were shown in results. In our paper, the various parameters are compared and analyzed using Vivado tool.","PeriodicalId":21797,"journal":{"name":"SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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