Scientific Reports最新文献

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is a common and clinically diverse malignancy associated with poor outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that cytotoxic T lymphocyte evasion-related genes (CEGs) are pivotal regulators of tumor immune escape, yet their overall prognostic significance and influence on the tumor microenvironment (TME) in HNSC remain poorly defined. Here, a systematic analysis of 31 CEGs was conducted across TCGA and GEO HNSC datasets to identify molecular subtypes via consensus clustering. A risk score based on this signature was developed, validated in external cohorts, and integrated with clinical data into a nomogram. Associations between the risk score and TME features, immune checkpoints, somatic mutations, cancer stemness indices, and drug sensitivity were comprehensively assessed. The identified molecular subtypes exhibited markedly different immune infiltration patterns and survival outcomes. The developed model enabled effective patient stratification into high- and low-risk groups that differed significantly in overall survival. High-risk patients displayed upregulated immune checkpoint expression and heightened sensitivity to several chemotherapeutic agents. Knockdown of SERPINE1 in HNSC cell lines led to marked inhibition of both proliferation and colony formation. The findings demonstrate the critical involvement of CEGs in HNSC progression and immune modulation, and proposes a novel three-gene signature as a robust prognostic biomarker and potential guide for individualized therapy.

This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding children's sun protection specifically in Beijing, addressing a regional evidence gap in China. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents in Beijing regarding sun protection for their children. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, between May 25 and June 30, 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which included items on demographic characteristics and KAP-related variables. A total of 477 valid responses were obtained, with 357 respondents (74.84%) being mothers. Physical sun protection methods were preferred by 273 participants (57.23%). Among the children, 249 (52.20%) were female, 277 (58.07%) had an average daily sun exposure of 1-2 h, and 97 (20.34%) had experienced sunburn. The scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 6.256 ± 1.34 (range: 0-11), 30.95 ± 4.11 (range: 8-40), and 31.05 ± 7.67 (range: 10-50), respectively. Path analysis revealed that knowledge directly influenced practice (β = 0.52, P = 0.027), whereas attitude exhibited a stronger influence on practice (β = 0.74, P < 0.001). Parents in Beijing exhibited limited knowledge, generally positive attitudes, but suboptimal practices regarding sun protection for their children. The significant associations between knowledge, attitude, and practice suggested that targeted educational interventions aimed at increasing parental awareness and shifting attitudes could enhance sun protection behaviors in both clinical and community settings.

This study assessed the effectiveness of Net PAMA, a newly developed internet-based parent management training program. Parents of children aged 6-12 were randomly assigned to Net PAMA alone, Net PAMA with online group meetings (Net PAMA⁺), or a wait-list control. The six-chapter Net PAMA program involved weekly viewing of instructional video modules and daily homework. Effectiveness was measured at four time points-pre-study (T₀), midpoint (T₁), program completion (T₂), and two months post-completion (T₃)-using three scales. These included the Positive Parenting Scale (POPS), which covers relationship, respect for the child's individuality, and rule-setting; the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17), which measures depressive and anxiety symptoms, hyperactive-inattentive behaviors, and conduct problems; and the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-IV (SNAP-IV), which assesses oppositional and defiant behaviors. Of 290 participants, 250 (86.2%) completed the study. Intention-to-treat analysis (using repeated-measures GLMs) revealed that both Net PAMA and Net PAMA⁺ significantly improved scores on all measures compared to the control group at both T₂​ and T₃​. For the POPS, both groups showed significant improvements compared to control at T₂ (e.g. Net PAMA: parents' report p < .001, children's report p = .005) and T₃. Similarly, both interventions significantly improved PSC-17 and SNAP-IV scores at T₂​ and T₃​, with most improvements significant across both parent and child reports (e.g. T₂​ PSC-17 Net PAMA: parents' report: p = .007, children' report p < .001; T₂ SNAP-IV Net PAMA: p = .005). Crucially, there were no significant differences in any measures between the Net PAMA and Net PAMA⁺ groups. To conclude, Net PAMA effectively improved positive parenting practices and reduced child behavior problems with small to medium effect sizes, with benefits persisting for at least two months. However, online group meetings did not show additional benefits beyond the Net PAMA program.Trial Registration: The study was registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry on April 9, 2021 (identification number TCTR20210409001). The trial registration record is publicly available at: https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=TCTR20210409001.

In cases of severe cardiopulmonary failure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be temporarily used as a life-saving support for cardiac and/or lung function. Operating under non-physiological flow conditions, characterized by elevated shear rates and stagnant flow zones, there is an increased risk of inducing thrombosis, bleeding and hemolysis. Pinpointing the underlying mechanism triggering the onset of thrombus formation may aid development of device design, as well as management of anti-coagulation, benefiting patient outcome. Here we present a combined methodology enabling a multiscale understanding of thrombus development. Two thrombi collected from different ECMO circuits were analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), ultra small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). USAXS quantified the density and bulk alignment of fibrin, building the thrombus scaffold structure. SEM provided information on cellular morphology and surface fibrin structure, and CFD identified regions in the ECMO circuit with high thrombotic potential. Together, this combined approach was able to link local flow conditions and the structural growth of thrombi in ECMO circuits.

Developing novel low-reflection structures, such as Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave absorbers, provides a promising solution for enhancing harbor berthing safety. OWCs present the dual advantage of reducing wave reflections while simultaneously capturing wave energy. This study experimentally investigates the reflection characteristics, efficiency of wave energy extraction, and power dissipation behavior of OWC absorbers with different rear wall configurations. Furthermore, it investigates variations in rear wall geometry, incident wave height, and the well turbine located inside the air chamber, which converts wave power into pneumatic power. Controlled wave flume experiments at the University of Port Said were conducted on four models. Key performance parameters analyzed include the dissipation coefficient (C_d), energy coefficient (C_e), transmission coefficient (C_t), reflection coefficient (C_r), and pressure coefficient (C_p). The effects of different draughts, water depths, and air pressure fluctuations inside the pneumatic chambers were also examined. Results indicate that rear wall geometry significantly affects reflection and dissipation rates. Model-D achieved optimal performance at a water depth of 0.30 m with a front wall draught (d₁) of 0.10 m, exhibiting low reflection (C_r = 0.139), high energy dissipation (C_d = 0.9), and a high wave energy conversion (C_e = 0.75; C_p = 0.85), making Model-D suitable for floating barriers in deep-water environments. Its superior wave energy dissipation enables effective operation under larger drafts and higher sea states.