Scientific Reports最新文献

Tensin1 (TNS1) is a key component of focal and fibrillar adhesions, mediating fibrillogenesis, as well as the transduction of mechanical cues and adhesive signaling. To enable further TNS1 characterization, we have developed a novel transgenic mouse that allows for temporally controlled and lineage specific knockout of TNS1. We found no differentially observed effects of TNS1 knockout on mouse health, breeding capacity, or vital organ histopathology. In contrast, RNA sequencing analysis identified 171 differentially expressed genes with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrating differential expression in osteoclast differentiation and a number of pathways involved in host immune response. Furthermore, STRING pathway analysis showed differential regulation of genes involved in B-cell and myeloid-related signaling pathways, a number of which were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT qPCR). Loss of TNS1 in THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cell line resulted in impaired migration and phagocytosis. We also observed a trend toward increased detection of lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage within days following TNS1 knockout. This study provides a novel understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic changes that occur following knockout of TNS1 that may lead to subsequent understanding of its role in disease.

Bone tissue engineering requires scaffolds that simultaneously provide mechanical stability, controlled biodegradation, and bioactivity to support bone regeneration. In this study, a novel core-shell composite scaffold was developed by integrating an extrusion-based 3D-printed alginate/ceramic lattice core with a bioactive gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel shell. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) systems with different hydroxyapatite (HA)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ratios were incorporated into alginate-based bioinks and fabricated via robocasting to achieve well-defined, interconnected porous architectures. Following ionic crosslinking and lyophilization, the printed scaffolds were uniformly coated with GelMA and photo-crosslinked to form a stable hydrogel shell. Morphological analyses confirmed the preservation of interconnected porosity with pore sizes in the range of 450-650 µm, suitable for bone tissue ingrowth. Mechanical testing revealed that the incorporation of ceramic phases significantly enhanced scaffold stability, while GelMA coating further improved compressive performance, increasing the elastic modulus from 37.35 ± 0.73 MPa for pure alginate scaffolds to 82.04 ± 0.50 MPa for GelMA-coated BCP scaffolds. In vitro degradation studies demonstrated a controlled, time-dependent mass loss profile, indicating favorable scaffold stability under physiological-like conditions. Bioactivity evaluation in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed pronounced calcium phosphate deposition on BCP-containing scaffolds, particularly those coated with GelMA, as confirmed by FESEM and EDS analyses. Accordingly, the synergistic combination of a mechanically reinforced ceramic-polymer core and a bioactive GelMA shell resulted in scaffolds with enhanced mechanical integrity, tunable degradation behavior, and superior in vitro bioactivity. These findings highlight the potential of GelMA-coated BCP composite scaffolds as promising candidates for bone tissue engineering applications.

Radiotherapy is an essential treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its effectiveness is often reduced by radioresistance. miR-320a has been shown to improve radiosensitivity in NSCLC, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigates how miR-320a regulates RAD51 to affect the radiosensitivity of NSCLC. miR-320a expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and qRT-PCR. RAD51 was predicted as a miR-320a target using bioinformatic tools (TargetScan, miRDB, miRTarBase) and validated by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Functional experiments were conducted to examine the effects of miR-320a and RAD51 manipulation on NSCLC cell responses to varying radiation doses. Ferroptosis was examined by measuring lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GPX4 expression levels. miR-320a expression was markedly reduced in NSCLC tissues and cell lines relative to normal controls and showed a positive association with clinical radiosensitivity. Functional experiments demonstrated that miR-320a overexpression increased radiosensitivity by inhibiting post-irradiation cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration. RAD51 was validated as a direct post-transcriptional target of miR-320a. Mechanistically, RAD51 expression inversely correlated with miR-320a (R = -0.16, P < 0.001) and was associated with reduced radiosensitivity both in vitro and in patient samples. Importantly, RAD51 knockdown reversed the radioresistance induced by miR-320a inhibition. Further analyses revealed that RAD51 positively regulated GPX4 expression, thereby suppressing ferroptosis. Inhibition of RAD51 or restoration of miR-320a led to enhanced lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by increased lipid ROS accumulation and reduced GPX4 expression, ultimately sensitizing NSCLC cells to radiotherapy. Our results indicate that miR-320a promotes NSCLC radiosensitivity through a negative regulation of RAD51. The miR-320a/RAD51/GPX4 axis may be used as a key pathway in regulating NSCLC radiosensitivity.

Correctable refractive errors are a major, preventable cause of visual impairment. Refractive surgery is widely promoted online, yet how Turkish-language YouTube videos frame benefits, risks, recovery, and long-term outcomes-and how this framing differs between patient and physician narrators-remains underexplored. We aimed to qualitatively compare patient- and physician-generated Turkish-language YouTube videos on refractive surgery and to describe audience engagement. We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke) of 64 publicly available videos (29 patient, 35 physician) meeting predefined criteria (Turkish; primarily refractive surgery; ≥1 min; ≥1,000 views; ≥240p). Searches were performed on 15 July 2025 using predefined search strings. Videos were transcribed verbatim and inductively coded in NVivo by two researchers. Between-group differences in engagement metrics were assessed with Mann-Whitney U tests, with a one-video-per-channel sensitivity analysis to address potential clustering. Patient narratives foregrounded lived experience (decision-making, perioperative discomfort, postoperative visual fluctuations, and symptoms such as dry eye and glare/halos) and often raised concerns about commercialization. Physician narratives emphasized candidacy assessment, procedure selection, recovery timelines, and risk mitigation. In the one-video-per-channel sensitivity analysis (patient n = 27; physician n = 23), patient videos received more likes (median 300 [IQR 1,639] vs. 59 [269], p = 0.009) and showed a higher like-to-view ratio (0.013 [0.01] vs. 0.006 [0.01], p < 0.001), whereas view counts were not significantly different (24,000 [98,900] vs. 18,000 [48,500], p = 0.224). Turkish-language YouTube narratives share experiential touchpoints but diverge systematically in how risks, commercialization, and expectations are framed by patients versus physicians. Findings support the need for balanced, accurate, and discoverable patient-facing materials tailored to platform dynamics.

Diagnostics and prevention of COVID-19 are essential for controlling the spread of the virus and reducing mortality rates. As SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins are susceptible to mutations, the nucleocapsid protein (NP) with its highly conserved gene sequence is an attractive target for studying virus-host interactions. NP plays a key role in the coronavirus life cycle, modulating viral RNA packaging, transcription, and assembly. In addition, its abundant expression during infection makes it a valuable diagnostic marker. NP is involved in modulating the host's innate immunity; however, the cellular mechanisms of its pathogenicity are not yet fully understood. This study developed and characterized murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to the SARS-CoV-2 NP to investigate its antigenic regions and utilize the MAbs in virus-detecting systems or cellular NP blocking assays. The MAbs showed cross-reactivity with Omicron NP, recognizing epitopes within functionally active domains. They also identified NP in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, supporting their feasibility in future immunoassays. Additionally, the ability to inhibit NP-cell interaction was assessed, with MAbs 4B3, 7F10, 16D9, and 18A8 found to reduce NP internalization. Overall, this study provides well-characterized tools for investigating SARS-CoV-2 antigenicity and pathogenicity and demonstrates the functional potential of the generated MAbs in studying NP-mediated host cell interactions.

Plant-parasitic nematodes are economically important threats to global crop production. The beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) is a crucial pest in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris). While all species of the genus Beta are highly susceptible, the three species of the beet wild relative genus Patellifolia are entirely resistant. Recently, we cloned the Hs4 gene from P. procumbens, which confers complete resistance. In this study, we aimed to determine whether putative Hs4 orthologs exist in Beta and Patellifolia species. The Hs4 gene consisted of 4999 bp, with six exons and five introns. Patellifolia species contain highly similar Hs4 homologs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions between accessions and species could be detected. We found an exonic integration of three bases, resulting in the addition of one amino acid. Interestingly, this variant was present in single accessions of all three Patellifolia species. Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris contains an Hs4 homolog (BvHs4) with 60 % protein identity to Hs4. BvHs4 homologs were present in all Beta species analyzed. Further, we examined the expression patterns of Hs4 and BvHs4 homologs. While Hs4 homologs from Patellifolia species are strongly expressed in roots, BvHs4 homologs are expressed mainly in leaves. When the spatio-temporal expression of Hs4 was examined, no response to nematode inoculation was observed. These results are highly relevant for searching for functional Hs4 alleles and breeding nematode-resistant varieties.

Groundwater recharge zones should be identified in order to address water scarcity while ensuring the sustainability of aquifers. The research utilized an integrated methodology that combined Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to identify groundwater recharge potential zones within the Qift-El Quseir area of Egypt's Eastern Desert. Eight key parameters, including drainage density, slope, topographic wetness index, lineament density, lithology, rainfall, land cover, and soil characteristics, were extracted from Sentinel-2 imagery, an ALOS PALSAR digital elevation model, long term gridded precipitation, and geological and land cover maps. AHP-based multi-criteria evaluation highlights lineament density and lithology as the dominant controls on recharge, followed by topographic and drainage characteristics. The resulting Groundwater Recharge Potential Index map classifies the basin into four categories, with 22.0% of the area characterized as excellent to very good, 34.9% as very good to good, 31.2% as good to moderate, and 11.9% as moderate to low. By combining these classes with class specific recharge ratios and mean annual rainfall (4.3 mm), the basin scale recharge is estimated at approximately 9.67 × 10⁶ m³/year, equivalent to about 26.8% of annual precipitation, with nearly 80% of this recharge contributed by the two highest classes. Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic evaluation, together with geophysical and hydrochemical data, confirm the robustness and hydrogeological plausibility of the mapped recharge zones. The findings show that multi-criteria spatial modeling accurately locates the optimal groundwater recharge sites, which would aid water resource planning and policymaking in arid regions.