Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05528-z
A. M. Mansour, Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz, Abdul Aziz M. Gad, Ali B. Abou Hammad, Amany M. El Nahrawy
Abstract In the current study, we examined the impact of introducing Flumox into the chitosan/calcium lithium (Chitosan-CaLi) nanocomposite on its spectroscopic, thermal, and antimicrobial characteristics. The formation of the nanocomposites was achieved using the sol–gel method/polymerization, which was chosen for its cost-effectiveness and straightforward processing. The UV–Visible optical analysis shows an absorption peak at 290 nm across all samples. Both direct and indirect energy gap types are available where the indirect event exhibits a higher value than the direct transition. There is a noticeable decrease in both transition energies with the increase in Flumox content. The findings indicated that as the Flumox concentration increased, the Ic 50 value also increased, signifying a decrease in antioxidant capacity. The results from the obtained systems revealed that chitosan-CaLiO nanoparticles loaded with Flumox exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating the highest growth inhibition rate. However, in the case of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, the antimicrobial activity was comparatively lower.
{"title":"Fabrication, spectroscopic properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Chitosan-CaLi@Flumox nanocomposites","authors":"A. M. Mansour, Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz, Abdul Aziz M. Gad, Ali B. Abou Hammad, Amany M. El Nahrawy","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05528-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05528-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the current study, we examined the impact of introducing Flumox into the chitosan/calcium lithium (Chitosan-CaLi) nanocomposite on its spectroscopic, thermal, and antimicrobial characteristics. The formation of the nanocomposites was achieved using the sol–gel method/polymerization, which was chosen for its cost-effectiveness and straightforward processing. The UV–Visible optical analysis shows an absorption peak at 290 nm across all samples. Both direct and indirect energy gap types are available where the indirect event exhibits a higher value than the direct transition. There is a noticeable decrease in both transition energies with the increase in Flumox content. The findings indicated that as the Flumox concentration increased, the Ic 50 value also increased, signifying a decrease in antioxidant capacity. The results from the obtained systems revealed that chitosan-CaLiO nanoparticles loaded with Flumox exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating the highest growth inhibition rate. However, in the case of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, the antimicrobial activity was comparatively lower.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05537-y
António C. Mendes, Francisco P. Braga
Abstract A water-filled floating rubber tube is tested in a wave flume under regular waves of different steepness. The wave excited pressure bulges in the tube induce periodic oscillations of a forward-bent water column at its stern, which in turn activate a pneumatic power take-off system. The purpose of the experiment is to better understand how the tube’s working modes contribute to the wave energy absorption and to quantify the power extracted from the incident waves. By applying Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible airflow, the water column free-surface displacement measurements deliver the pneumatic chamber pressure and the volume flow through the power take-off. Video captions help to reveal the interactions of the tube with the incident waves and further relate them to the system’s efficiency. Additionally, an energy balance enables the assessment of the internal friction and flow separation losses, at different Reynolds and Keulegan–Carpenter numbers. The hydrodynamic and overall efficiencies of the system are ultimately provided.
{"title":"Wave-attenuation efficiency of a floating distensible tube at different Keulegan–Carpenter numbers","authors":"António C. Mendes, Francisco P. Braga","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05537-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05537-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A water-filled floating rubber tube is tested in a wave flume under regular waves of different steepness. The wave excited pressure bulges in the tube induce periodic oscillations of a forward-bent water column at its stern, which in turn activate a pneumatic power take-off system. The purpose of the experiment is to better understand how the tube’s working modes contribute to the wave energy absorption and to quantify the power extracted from the incident waves. By applying Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible airflow, the water column free-surface displacement measurements deliver the pneumatic chamber pressure and the volume flow through the power take-off. Video captions help to reveal the interactions of the tube with the incident waves and further relate them to the system’s efficiency. Additionally, an energy balance enables the assessment of the internal friction and flow separation losses, at different Reynolds and Keulegan–Carpenter numbers. The hydrodynamic and overall efficiencies of the system are ultimately provided.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05544-z
Waqed H. Hassan, Basim K. Nile, Zahraa K. Kadhim, Karrar Mahdi, Michel Riksen, Rifqa F. Thiab
Abstract Climate change has placed considerable pressure on the residential environment, agricultural, and water supplies in different areas of the world, especially arid places such as Iraq. Iraq is one of the five most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change, where it has been encountering extremes heat waves during the most recent decades resulted in drought, desertification, and rivers dried up, which led to thousands of hectares to turn dry and yellow. This study aims to investigate the trends of climate change in the middle and western regions of Iraq and future expectations. The daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation are downscaled using the Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) model. Five General Circulation Models (GCMs) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are employed for three future periods: the near future (2021–2040), medium future (2051–2070), and far future (2081–2100), based on two scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for four selected meteorological stations representing the study area. The outcomes of the calibration and validation of the model supported its skill and reliability to downscale precipitation and temperature time series for statistical indices (R 2 , RMSE and MBE) ranging between (0.894–0.998), (0.1270–1.9274) and (− 0.6158 to 0.0008), respectively. The results showed that the average minimum and maximum annual temperatures will increase at all selected stations across the three future periods by between 0.94 and 4.98 °C by the end of the twenty-first century. Annual changes in precipitation tend generally towards increase for the study area by average (6.09–14.31%) for RCP4.5 and (11.25–20.97%) for RCP8.5 Compared to the historical data (1990–2020). These findings can contribute to become more acquainted with the effects of climate change on the environment and encourage managers and planners to come up with plans for mitigating and adapting to these effects. They can also serve as a guide for future management of water and agricultural resources in the study region.
{"title":"Trends, forecasting and adaptation strategies of climate change in the middle and west regions of Iraq","authors":"Waqed H. Hassan, Basim K. Nile, Zahraa K. Kadhim, Karrar Mahdi, Michel Riksen, Rifqa F. Thiab","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05544-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05544-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change has placed considerable pressure on the residential environment, agricultural, and water supplies in different areas of the world, especially arid places such as Iraq. Iraq is one of the five most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change, where it has been encountering extremes heat waves during the most recent decades resulted in drought, desertification, and rivers dried up, which led to thousands of hectares to turn dry and yellow. This study aims to investigate the trends of climate change in the middle and western regions of Iraq and future expectations. The daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation are downscaled using the Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) model. Five General Circulation Models (GCMs) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are employed for three future periods: the near future (2021–2040), medium future (2051–2070), and far future (2081–2100), based on two scenarios of the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for four selected meteorological stations representing the study area. The outcomes of the calibration and validation of the model supported its skill and reliability to downscale precipitation and temperature time series for statistical indices (R 2 , RMSE and MBE) ranging between (0.894–0.998), (0.1270–1.9274) and (− 0.6158 to 0.0008), respectively. The results showed that the average minimum and maximum annual temperatures will increase at all selected stations across the three future periods by between 0.94 and 4.98 °C by the end of the twenty-first century. Annual changes in precipitation tend generally towards increase for the study area by average (6.09–14.31%) for RCP4.5 and (11.25–20.97%) for RCP8.5 Compared to the historical data (1990–2020). These findings can contribute to become more acquainted with the effects of climate change on the environment and encourage managers and planners to come up with plans for mitigating and adapting to these effects. They can also serve as a guide for future management of water and agricultural resources in the study region.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05535-0
Mohammad Shahzad, Lu Liu, Nacer Belkout, Nick Antonopoulos
Abstract The substantial amount of IoT traffic, coupled with control messages, places a heavy burden on SDN controllers, which compromises their capacity. We investigate how SDN can revolutionize the conventional approach, aiming to overcome the limitations of communication overhead. Additionally, we delve into the essential optimizations required to minimize control overhead and migrations. Determining the appropriate controller necessitates the implementation of a mechanism that justifies the selection. Once the optimal controller has been identified, migration can be initiated. This paper introduces a solution that employs the NSGA-II algorithm to achieve the optimal selection of controllers. We assess the performance of the NSGA-II migration approach linking with the length-based same destination aggregation proposed in our previous work, in terms of packet delivery, packet loss, performance metrics, and the cost associated with the selected optimal controller.
{"title":"Optimal controller selection and migration in large scale software defined networks for next generation internet of things","authors":"Mohammad Shahzad, Lu Liu, Nacer Belkout, Nick Antonopoulos","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05535-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05535-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The substantial amount of IoT traffic, coupled with control messages, places a heavy burden on SDN controllers, which compromises their capacity. We investigate how SDN can revolutionize the conventional approach, aiming to overcome the limitations of communication overhead. Additionally, we delve into the essential optimizations required to minimize control overhead and migrations. Determining the appropriate controller necessitates the implementation of a mechanism that justifies the selection. Once the optimal controller has been identified, migration can be initiated. This paper introduces a solution that employs the NSGA-II algorithm to achieve the optimal selection of controllers. We assess the performance of the NSGA-II migration approach linking with the length-based same destination aggregation proposed in our previous work, in terms of packet delivery, packet loss, performance metrics, and the cost associated with the selected optimal controller.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135774539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05536-z
N. Saikumari, K. S. Sudhakhar
Abstract In recent days synthesis and structuring of intelligent nano materials investigated and reported has developed critical scientific ideas to deal with different industrial, social and environmental issues. The excellent thermal, optical and electrical properties along with its resistant to corrosion, wear, oxidation and erosion enabled them unique for sustainable environmental applications. In this view nano structured Titanium di oxide particles synthesized from its precursor via template assisted sol–gel technique have been verified as corrosion inhibitor of brass alloy in acid medium along with its photo catalytic and anti-microbial applications. The physico-chemical parameters of the synthesized nano materials were studied using XRD, FT-IR, UV-DRS, SEM, TEM and BET analytical techniques and revealed the impact of tea leaf extract as a template in producing a nano catalyst NTG about 14 nm in size with tailored structural, optical and morphological characteristics. The rate of corrosion of a specimen in acid medium is verified by weight loss method and the inhibitor efficiency increased with the increase in concentration of the nano catalyst. The catalytic activity is proved against the photo degradation of a toxic melamine, a trimer of cyanamide. The synthesized nano catalyst showed excellent antimicrobial properties proven against the growth of K. pneumonia and H. influenza .
{"title":"Extensive studies on the electrochemical, photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications of bio assisted nano titania","authors":"N. Saikumari, K. S. Sudhakhar","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05536-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05536-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent days synthesis and structuring of intelligent nano materials investigated and reported has developed critical scientific ideas to deal with different industrial, social and environmental issues. The excellent thermal, optical and electrical properties along with its resistant to corrosion, wear, oxidation and erosion enabled them unique for sustainable environmental applications. In this view nano structured Titanium di oxide particles synthesized from its precursor via template assisted sol–gel technique have been verified as corrosion inhibitor of brass alloy in acid medium along with its photo catalytic and anti-microbial applications. The physico-chemical parameters of the synthesized nano materials were studied using XRD, FT-IR, UV-DRS, SEM, TEM and BET analytical techniques and revealed the impact of tea leaf extract as a template in producing a nano catalyst NTG about 14 nm in size with tailored structural, optical and morphological characteristics. The rate of corrosion of a specimen in acid medium is verified by weight loss method and the inhibitor efficiency increased with the increase in concentration of the nano catalyst. The catalytic activity is proved against the photo degradation of a toxic melamine, a trimer of cyanamide. The synthesized nano catalyst showed excellent antimicrobial properties proven against the growth of K. pneumonia and H. influenza .","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05534-1
Tingting Lin, Jinlin Yang, Zhide Yu, Yuwei Feng, WeiJian Qin, Baoyue Lu, Mingxiang Cui, Chong Han, Hu Shu
Abstract The Zig-zag eel ( Mastacembelus armatus ) is an economically important species in southern China. Its natural resources have declined year by year due to overfishing. Understanding its genetic diversity and population structure is very important for resource conservations. Here, we first successfully developed 28 polymorphic microsatellite markers for zig-zag eels and ten of them were used to examine the genetic diversity and differentiation of 7 populations collected from the major river systems of south China. In total, 224 alleles were found with the 10 microsatellite loci in 7 populations, ranging from 4.6 (Nandujiang: NDJ) to 11.1 (Xijiang, XJ), with an average of 8.871 alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.550 (NDJ) to 0.964 (Yuangjiang, YJ) and from 0.537 (NDJ) to 0.775 (Tanjiang, TJ), respectively. The average polymorphism-information content ranged from 0.472 (NDJ) to 0.757 (TJ). Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test results revealed the loci showed differing deviation in different populations. In total, low level of genetic diversity was only found in HJ (Hanjiang) and NDJ populations. Besides, evidence of recent bottleneck was found in the HJ populations. Analysis of molecular variation showed that the percent variation within individuals (75.00%) was higher than that among populations (25%). In addition, population structure and the pairwise F ST revealed that there was low differentiation among XJ, TJ and YJ populations. These data provide important genetic resources for understanding the population differentiation and facilitating genetic conservation and utilization of this species.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Mastacembelus armatus in the river systems of southern China revealed by microsatellites","authors":"Tingting Lin, Jinlin Yang, Zhide Yu, Yuwei Feng, WeiJian Qin, Baoyue Lu, Mingxiang Cui, Chong Han, Hu Shu","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05534-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05534-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Zig-zag eel ( Mastacembelus armatus ) is an economically important species in southern China. Its natural resources have declined year by year due to overfishing. Understanding its genetic diversity and population structure is very important for resource conservations. Here, we first successfully developed 28 polymorphic microsatellite markers for zig-zag eels and ten of them were used to examine the genetic diversity and differentiation of 7 populations collected from the major river systems of south China. In total, 224 alleles were found with the 10 microsatellite loci in 7 populations, ranging from 4.6 (Nandujiang: NDJ) to 11.1 (Xijiang, XJ), with an average of 8.871 alleles. The average observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.550 (NDJ) to 0.964 (Yuangjiang, YJ) and from 0.537 (NDJ) to 0.775 (Tanjiang, TJ), respectively. The average polymorphism-information content ranged from 0.472 (NDJ) to 0.757 (TJ). Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test results revealed the loci showed differing deviation in different populations. In total, low level of genetic diversity was only found in HJ (Hanjiang) and NDJ populations. Besides, evidence of recent bottleneck was found in the HJ populations. Analysis of molecular variation showed that the percent variation within individuals (75.00%) was higher than that among populations (25%). In addition, population structure and the pairwise F ST revealed that there was low differentiation among XJ, TJ and YJ populations. These data provide important genetic resources for understanding the population differentiation and facilitating genetic conservation and utilization of this species.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05512-7
G. Gnanamoorthy, Daoud Ali, Virendra Kumar Yadav, V. Narayanan
Abstract New (NH 4 )Cd 6 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 P 3 O 10 nano-multi shapes were prepared by hydrothermal method and which can be examined by various using instruments like X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy measurements. These (NH 4 )Cd 6 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 P 3 O 10 nanocatalysts were obtained to the monoclinic structure. The (NH 4 )Cd 6 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 P 3 O 10 nanocatalyst morphologies were analyzed in SEM instrument and spheres like structures, triangle, cubic and crystal shapes also obtained. Peaks 484, 557 and 1087 cm −1 were corresponds to the M–O and P–O groups, which results were confirmed by FT-IR studies. This (NH 4 )Cd 6 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 P 3 O 10 materials synergism can be described in photocatalytic applications. At this juncture, these nanoparticles can be created to the new invention and effectible performed to the Brilliant Green dye efficiency with halogen lamp.
{"title":"Design new strategies and photocatalytic performances of (NH4)Cd6(P2O7)2 P3O10 nanostructures","authors":"G. Gnanamoorthy, Daoud Ali, Virendra Kumar Yadav, V. Narayanan","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05512-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05512-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract New (NH 4 )Cd 6 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 P 3 O 10 nano-multi shapes were prepared by hydrothermal method and which can be examined by various using instruments like X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy measurements. These (NH 4 )Cd 6 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 P 3 O 10 nanocatalysts were obtained to the monoclinic structure. The (NH 4 )Cd 6 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 P 3 O 10 nanocatalyst morphologies were analyzed in SEM instrument and spheres like structures, triangle, cubic and crystal shapes also obtained. Peaks 484, 557 and 1087 cm −1 were corresponds to the M–O and P–O groups, which results were confirmed by FT-IR studies. This (NH 4 )Cd 6 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 P 3 O 10 materials synergism can be described in photocatalytic applications. At this juncture, these nanoparticles can be created to the new invention and effectible performed to the Brilliant Green dye efficiency with halogen lamp.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135325705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05540-3
Huyen Trang Do Thi, Andras Jozsef Toth
Abstract Distillation serves as the foremost method for commercial-scale separation of fluid mixtures. Widely applied in wastewater treatment, it is the preferred choice for isolating volatile multi-component mixtures into pure substances. Distillation technology offers notable economic benefits due to its easy implementation, high efficiency, productivity, and robust safety features. This study examines the environmental impacts associated with the production and usage of a distillation, specifically in treating pharmaceutical process wastewater containing organic halogen compounds (AOX). The analysis adopts a 'gate-to-gate' approach, with the specified functional unit (FU) set at 1 kg of treated effluent containing no more than 8 ppm of AOX and less than 1000 mg O2/L of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In this work, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is conducted using Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) and Recipe 2016 Endpoint (H) V1.06 methodologies, utilizing the SimaPro V9.3.0.3 software in conjunction with the Ecoinvent V3.8 database. Analysis results have shown the emission of 1.11 × 10 –2 kg CO 2 -eq, in which operational and production processes contribute 91.9% and 8.1%, respectively. To mitigate adverse effects, alternative energy sources, i.e., solar, offshore wind, and onshore wind are integrated into the distillation procedure. The substitution of hard coal with solar, offshore wind, and onshore wind energy displays the potential to significantly reduce climate change impact by 64.3%, 62.9%, and 62.8%, respectively. Article Highlights Distillation process undergoes a thorough life cycle assessment from production to application. Distillation process requires high energy and emits 1.11 × 10 –2 kg CO 2 -eq per functional unit. The operational phase dominates over 90% in three damage categories: human health, ecosystems, and resources.
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of the manufacturing and operation of distillation column for eliminating volatile and organic halogen compounds from process wastewater","authors":"Huyen Trang Do Thi, Andras Jozsef Toth","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05540-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05540-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Distillation serves as the foremost method for commercial-scale separation of fluid mixtures. Widely applied in wastewater treatment, it is the preferred choice for isolating volatile multi-component mixtures into pure substances. Distillation technology offers notable economic benefits due to its easy implementation, high efficiency, productivity, and robust safety features. This study examines the environmental impacts associated with the production and usage of a distillation, specifically in treating pharmaceutical process wastewater containing organic halogen compounds (AOX). The analysis adopts a 'gate-to-gate' approach, with the specified functional unit (FU) set at 1 kg of treated effluent containing no more than 8 ppm of AOX and less than 1000 mg O2/L of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In this work, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is conducted using Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) and Recipe 2016 Endpoint (H) V1.06 methodologies, utilizing the SimaPro V9.3.0.3 software in conjunction with the Ecoinvent V3.8 database. Analysis results have shown the emission of 1.11 × 10 –2 kg CO 2 -eq, in which operational and production processes contribute 91.9% and 8.1%, respectively. To mitigate adverse effects, alternative energy sources, i.e., solar, offshore wind, and onshore wind are integrated into the distillation procedure. The substitution of hard coal with solar, offshore wind, and onshore wind energy displays the potential to significantly reduce climate change impact by 64.3%, 62.9%, and 62.8%, respectively. Article Highlights Distillation process undergoes a thorough life cycle assessment from production to application. Distillation process requires high energy and emits 1.11 × 10 –2 kg CO 2 -eq per functional unit. The operational phase dominates over 90% in three damage categories: human health, ecosystems, and resources.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05539-w
Wael Dosoky
Abstract The present study deals with the evaluation of a three-mixed array dataset for the detection of subsurface cavities using conceptual air-filled cavity model sets at different depths. Cavity models were simulated using the forward modelling technique to generate synthetic apparent resistivity data for three common individual arrays. These arrays are dipole–dipole (DD), pole–dipole (PD), and Wenner–Schlumberger (WS). The synthetically apparent resistivity data obtained from two different individual arrays were merged to form a high-resolution single model. Consequently, three possible mixed arrays datasets can be obtained: the dipole–dipole-Wenner–Schlumberger (DD+WS), pole–dipole, and Wenner–Schlumberger (PD+WS), and dipole–dipole and pole–dipole (DD+PD). The synthetically apparent resistivity data for both the individual and mixed arrays were inverted using Res2dinv software based on the robust constrain inversion technique to obtain a 2D resistivity model section. The inverted resistivity sections were evaluated in terms of their recovering ability of the model’s parameters (e.g. resistivity, and geometry). The results show that the individual arrays can resolve the location and dimensions of the cavity within reasonable accuracy only at a depth not exceeding 6 m below the surface. On the other hand, a significant resolution enhancement in model resistivity with increasing depth was observed when the mixed arrays were used. The (DD+WS) mixed arrays dataset brings up better model resistivity and shows closer parameters to the true actual model among the other mixed arrays. So it is strongly recommended for cavity detection studies.
{"title":"Assessment of three mixed arrays dataset for subsurface cavities detection using resistivity tomography as inferred from numerical modelling","authors":"Wael Dosoky","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05539-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05539-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study deals with the evaluation of a three-mixed array dataset for the detection of subsurface cavities using conceptual air-filled cavity model sets at different depths. Cavity models were simulated using the forward modelling technique to generate synthetic apparent resistivity data for three common individual arrays. These arrays are dipole–dipole (DD), pole–dipole (PD), and Wenner–Schlumberger (WS). The synthetically apparent resistivity data obtained from two different individual arrays were merged to form a high-resolution single model. Consequently, three possible mixed arrays datasets can be obtained: the dipole–dipole-Wenner–Schlumberger (DD+WS), pole–dipole, and Wenner–Schlumberger (PD+WS), and dipole–dipole and pole–dipole (DD+PD). The synthetically apparent resistivity data for both the individual and mixed arrays were inverted using Res2dinv software based on the robust constrain inversion technique to obtain a 2D resistivity model section. The inverted resistivity sections were evaluated in terms of their recovering ability of the model’s parameters (e.g. resistivity, and geometry). The results show that the individual arrays can resolve the location and dimensions of the cavity within reasonable accuracy only at a depth not exceeding 6 m below the surface. On the other hand, a significant resolution enhancement in model resistivity with increasing depth was observed when the mixed arrays were used. The (DD+WS) mixed arrays dataset brings up better model resistivity and shows closer parameters to the true actual model among the other mixed arrays. So it is strongly recommended for cavity detection studies.","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Study on deformation and instability characteristics and control technology of deep soft rock roadway with strong mining","authors":"Jian Li, Yongle Li, Zhengzheng Xie, Nong Zhang, Feng Guo, Qinghua Chen, Sijia Liu","doi":"10.1007/s42452-023-05541-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05541-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21821,"journal":{"name":"SN Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136106009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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