It is important to evenly increase the amount of scattered pollen per clone for maintaining high genetic variation in clonal seed orchards. It is thus imperative to determine not only the number of male flowers per tree, but also the amount of pollen per male flower in each clone. In this study, the existence of annual variation on the fresh weight of male flowers (FW) and the clonal and annual variation, and ramets’ variation with the same or different tree ages on the weight of pollen per male flower (WP) were investigated using 21 Abies sachalinensis clones for 3 years. The results indicated that there were significant differences in FW and WP among clones each year and the relationships between FW and WP were linearly significant for every year. WP also showed significant annual variation, while the re was also significant variation in ramets. The clonal repeatability regarding WP was 0.37—0.47 for data obtained for 2 or 3 years and the generalized linear mixed models with the random effects of clone, year, and ramet indicated that the effect of clone more strongly affected WP than other effects. These results suggested that WP on A. sachalinensis is a trait that is considerably influenced by clonal characteristics; there is thus a need to characterize this trait in each clone when using seed orchards.
{"title":"Variation in the amount of pollen per male flower on Abies sachalinensis","authors":"Kazutaka Kato","doi":"10.2478/sg-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to evenly increase the amount of scattered pollen per clone for maintaining high genetic variation in clonal seed orchards. It is thus imperative to determine not only the number of male flowers per tree, but also the amount of pollen per male flower in each clone. In this study, the existence of annual variation on the fresh weight of male flowers (FW) and the clonal and annual variation, and ramets’ variation with the same or different tree ages on the weight of pollen per male flower (WP) were investigated using 21 <jats:italic>Abies sachalinensis</jats:italic> clones for 3 years. The results indicated that there were significant differences in FW and WP among clones each year and the relationships between FW and WP were linearly significant for every year. WP also showed significant annual variation, while the re was also significant variation in ramets. The clonal repeatability regarding WP was 0.37—0.47 for data obtained for 2 or 3 years and the generalized linear mixed models with the random effects of clone, year, and ramet indicated that the effect of clone more strongly affected WP than other effects. These results suggested that WP on <jats:italic>A. sachalinensis</jats:italic> is a trait that is considerably influenced by clonal characteristics; there is thus a need to characterize this trait in each clone when using seed orchards.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oliver Caré, Oleksandra Kuchma, Bernhard Hosius, Wolfgang Voth, Eric A. Thurm, Ludger Leinemann
Castanea sativa Mill. is an important European tree species that has been used for timber and nut production since Greek and Roman times. In Germany, the species accounts for only a small proportion of forest stands but it is attracting increasing interest due to its possible potential for climate tolerance and resilience. However, the status of German sweet chestnut stands in terms of genetic diversity and adaptive potential is poorly investigated. We took a representative sample of 520 individuals from 13 stands in northern Germany (Mecklenburg Western Pomerania; MWP) and genotyped these at 11 genomic SSRs and EST-SSRs. In addition, we compared our data with the available literature, focusing on the possible origin of the MWP populations. The analysis of genetic structure identified three distinct genetic groups within MWP, suggesting different origins or seed mixtures of various provenances. The comparison with reference data at the EST-SSR FIR059 suggests that the MWP stands originate from the western gene pool. The genetic variation observed in most MWP stands is at approximately the same level as stands in the natural range. Therefore, these stands with high diversity seem to be particularly suitable for further production of seed and plant material in MWP. This study contributes to the understanding of the genetic diversity and origin of sweet chestnut stands outside their natural distribution in MWP. It provides valuable knowledge for the evaluation and conservation of genetic resources of this tree species, which is expected to receive more attention under warmer and drier conditions.
{"title":"Patterns of genetic variation and the potential origin of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) stands far from its natural northern distribution edge","authors":"Oliver Caré, Oleksandra Kuchma, Bernhard Hosius, Wolfgang Voth, Eric A. Thurm, Ludger Leinemann","doi":"10.2478/sg-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Castanea sativa</jats:italic> Mill. is an important European tree species that has been used for timber and nut production since Greek and Roman times. In Germany, the species accounts for only a small proportion of forest stands but it is attracting increasing interest due to its possible potential for climate tolerance and resilience. However, the status of German sweet chestnut stands in terms of genetic diversity and adaptive potential is poorly investigated. We took a representative sample of 520 individuals from 13 stands in northern Germany (Mecklenburg Western Pomerania; MWP) and genotyped these at 11 genomic SSRs and EST-SSRs. In addition, we compared our data with the available literature, focusing on the possible origin of the MWP populations. The analysis of genetic structure identified three distinct genetic groups within MWP, suggesting different origins or seed mixtures of various provenances. The comparison with reference data at the EST-SSR FIR059 suggests that the MWP stands originate from the western gene pool. The genetic variation observed in most MWP stands is at approximately the same level as stands in the natural range. Therefore, these stands with high diversity seem to be particularly suitable for further production of seed and plant material in MWP. This study contributes to the understanding of the genetic diversity and origin of sweet chestnut stands outside their natural distribution in MWP. It provides valuable knowledge for the evaluation and conservation of genetic resources of this tree species, which is expected to receive more attention under warmer and drier conditions.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139581326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shri Hari Prasad, Deepu Mathew, Ravisankar Valsalan
Abstract Even though repeat masking using custom designed libraries significantly improves the genome annotation and gene prediction, such libraries for palm trees are yet to be designed and made accessible to the researchers. In this study, a repeat library was designed and validated for use in coconut and related palm genomes. Coconut genome with chromosome-level assembly was used to design independent libraries for tall and dwarf ecotypes, which were subsequently merged. Efficiency of the combined de novo library in genome annotation and gene prediction was assessed in comparison with the conventional libraries (Dfam+RepBase), using RepeatMasker. De novo library had 76.3 % efficiency in coconut genomes compared to 3.51 % in custom libraries and number of genes predicted was reduced from an average of 193,099 to 31,022. In date palm, oil pam and sago palm also, combined library gave higher repeat masking and reduced the number of genes predicted. The de novo library can be accessed at http://www.kau.in/repeat-libraries.
{"title":"An efficient repeat masking library for the genomic data of coconut and related trees","authors":"Shri Hari Prasad, Deepu Mathew, Ravisankar Valsalan","doi":"10.2478/sg-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Even though repeat masking using custom designed libraries significantly improves the genome annotation and gene prediction, such libraries for palm trees are yet to be designed and made accessible to the researchers. In this study, a repeat library was designed and validated for use in coconut and related palm genomes. Coconut genome with chromosome-level assembly was used to design independent libraries for tall and dwarf ecotypes, which were subsequently merged. Efficiency of the combined de novo library in genome annotation and gene prediction was assessed in comparison with the conventional libraries (Dfam+RepBase), using RepeatMasker. De novo library had 76.3 % efficiency in coconut genomes compared to 3.51 % in custom libraries and number of genes predicted was reduced from an average of 193,099 to 31,022. In date palm, oil pam and sago palm also, combined library gave higher repeat masking and reduced the number of genes predicted. The de novo library can be accessed at http://www.kau.in/repeat-libraries.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82285395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Song Huang, W. Zheng, Xiangpeng Liang, Qingda Duan, Juan Wang, Yaoqing Sun, Tianxiao Ma
Abstract Chionanthus retusus is one of the well-known ornamental trees in East Asia and America. Not only its value in the market but also had the potential as a source for producing antioxidant. However, due to uncontrolled exploitation, the number of wild C. retusus in China is decreasing rapidly. The genetic study of C. retusus is limited. In order to investigate the genetic diversity and the distribution of C. retusus in China, 47 samples from 8 different provinces have been sequenced via restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Totally, 31, 402 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were obtained. According to the phylogenetic tree and the principal component analysis, the samples were divided into four populations, including 3 major populations and 1 hybrid population. Population1 were the samples from Jiangsu and Yunnan province and the Population2 were mainly from northern and northeast of China including Liaoning and Hubei province, while the Population4 were from Shandong and Henan province, which were in central China. As the admixture showed, the population3 were the offspring of the other 3 populations by hybridization. The mean heterozygosity of Chinese Fringe tree from different province is 0.42 %, with the highest heterozygosity, which is as high as 0.63 %, from Jiangsu province and the lowest heterozygosity, which is only 0.19, from Henan province. This is the first report about the genetic diversity and relationship of Chionanthus retusus, which will provide value information for further genetic study, genomic study, conservation and breeding.
{"title":"SNPs Detection and Genetic Analysis of Chionanthus retusus via Genotyping-by-Sequencing","authors":"Song Huang, W. Zheng, Xiangpeng Liang, Qingda Duan, Juan Wang, Yaoqing Sun, Tianxiao Ma","doi":"10.2478/sg-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chionanthus retusus is one of the well-known ornamental trees in East Asia and America. Not only its value in the market but also had the potential as a source for producing antioxidant. However, due to uncontrolled exploitation, the number of wild C. retusus in China is decreasing rapidly. The genetic study of C. retusus is limited. In order to investigate the genetic diversity and the distribution of C. retusus in China, 47 samples from 8 different provinces have been sequenced via restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Totally, 31, 402 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were obtained. According to the phylogenetic tree and the principal component analysis, the samples were divided into four populations, including 3 major populations and 1 hybrid population. Population1 were the samples from Jiangsu and Yunnan province and the Population2 were mainly from northern and northeast of China including Liaoning and Hubei province, while the Population4 were from Shandong and Henan province, which were in central China. As the admixture showed, the population3 were the offspring of the other 3 populations by hybridization. The mean heterozygosity of Chinese Fringe tree from different province is 0.42 %, with the highest heterozygosity, which is as high as 0.63 %, from Jiangsu province and the lowest heterozygosity, which is only 0.19, from Henan province. This is the first report about the genetic diversity and relationship of Chionanthus retusus, which will provide value information for further genetic study, genomic study, conservation and breeding.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91167980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Winston Beck, Oliver Caré, Matthias Zander, B. Mettendorf, L. Leinemann, C. Ulrichs
Abstract Juglans is a genus of ca. 20 species divided into four sections (Rhysocaryon, Cardiocaryon, Trachycaryon and Juglans) with a broad geographic distribution which is known for producing edible nuts and high-quality wood. Hybrid Juglans trees are becoming increasingly popular for forestry purposes in Europe because of their fast growth and adaptability. In this work, DNA was isolated from leaves of eighty-five individuals of Juglans species and hybrids and evaluated at eight nSSR and seven EST-SSR markers. The markers were able to differentiate all trees on an individual basis, and further, gave indications of polyploidy in some samples. Consequently, fifty-nine samples were then checked for ploidy by flow cytometry. Genetic structure of the population was evaluated with the most probable number of groups being K=3, which agrees with the four sections of the genus Juglans, where Cardiocaryon and Trachycaryon are genetically very similar and thus comprise one group. These results agree with other research using SSRs in Juglans. Flow cytometry revealed thirteen triploid individuals, where twelve are in agreement with the marker study, one was only detected by flow cytometry.
{"title":"Clonal Differentiation and Identification of Polyploids in Juglans hybrids","authors":"Winston Beck, Oliver Caré, Matthias Zander, B. Mettendorf, L. Leinemann, C. Ulrichs","doi":"10.2478/sg-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Juglans is a genus of ca. 20 species divided into four sections (Rhysocaryon, Cardiocaryon, Trachycaryon and Juglans) with a broad geographic distribution which is known for producing edible nuts and high-quality wood. Hybrid Juglans trees are becoming increasingly popular for forestry purposes in Europe because of their fast growth and adaptability. In this work, DNA was isolated from leaves of eighty-five individuals of Juglans species and hybrids and evaluated at eight nSSR and seven EST-SSR markers. The markers were able to differentiate all trees on an individual basis, and further, gave indications of polyploidy in some samples. Consequently, fifty-nine samples were then checked for ploidy by flow cytometry. Genetic structure of the population was evaluated with the most probable number of groups being K=3, which agrees with the four sections of the genus Juglans, where Cardiocaryon and Trachycaryon are genetically very similar and thus comprise one group. These results agree with other research using SSRs in Juglans. Flow cytometry revealed thirteen triploid individuals, where twelve are in agreement with the marker study, one was only detected by flow cytometry.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84768479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charalambos Neophytou, Simon Jansen, R. Hand, Georgia Chrysostomou, Konstantinos Iosif, C. Christodoulou
Abstract In our study, we performed a population genetic analysis in all three native oak species of Cyprus and addressed whether two intermediate individuals arose from intersectional hybridization between Quercus coccifera ssp. calliprinos and Q. infectoria ssp. veneris. For this purpose, we successfully tested chloroplast and nuclear microsatellites initially developed for other oak species. We identified a set of markers that can be efficiently used for species identification and study of hybridization. Haplotypes based on the chloroplast microsatellites could resolve different maternal lineages and distinguish between the two sections represented in the study area. Using the nuclear microsatellites, we described patterns of genetic diversity across species with the endemic Q. alnifolia exhibiting reduced genetic diversity. Additionally, we employed a multivariate analysis, which could clearly differentiate among the three species. The two intermediate individuals clustered within the point cloud of Q. infectoria ssp. veneris and also possessed a chloroplast haplotype typical for this species. Therefore, we rejected the hypothesis of intersectional hybridization and interpreted their phenotypic appearance as the result of high phenotypic plasticity within Q. infectoria ssp. veneris.
{"title":"Exploring the gene pools of Cypriot oaks: no evidence of intersectional hybridization","authors":"Charalambos Neophytou, Simon Jansen, R. Hand, Georgia Chrysostomou, Konstantinos Iosif, C. Christodoulou","doi":"10.2478/sg-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In our study, we performed a population genetic analysis in all three native oak species of Cyprus and addressed whether two intermediate individuals arose from intersectional hybridization between Quercus coccifera ssp. calliprinos and Q. infectoria ssp. veneris. For this purpose, we successfully tested chloroplast and nuclear microsatellites initially developed for other oak species. We identified a set of markers that can be efficiently used for species identification and study of hybridization. Haplotypes based on the chloroplast microsatellites could resolve different maternal lineages and distinguish between the two sections represented in the study area. Using the nuclear microsatellites, we described patterns of genetic diversity across species with the endemic Q. alnifolia exhibiting reduced genetic diversity. Additionally, we employed a multivariate analysis, which could clearly differentiate among the three species. The two intermediate individuals clustered within the point cloud of Q. infectoria ssp. veneris and also possessed a chloroplast haplotype typical for this species. Therefore, we rejected the hypothesis of intersectional hybridization and interpreted their phenotypic appearance as the result of high phenotypic plasticity within Q. infectoria ssp. veneris.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89049565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Sheller, E. Tóth, P. Mikhaylov, S. Kulakov, N. Kulakova, E. Shilkina, A. Ibe, T. Sukhikh, C. Blanc-Jolivet
Abstract Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) is a key component of the Eurasian boreal forest ecosystems. However, due to the ongoing climatic changes and anthropogenic activities, the habitats of the species are constantly degrading and reducing. To these reasons, exploring the genetic resources of the species and determining the genetic diversity and structure of today’s populations is essential. In this study, we assessed genetic diversity and differentiation in six Siberian stone pine populations from different forest zones in Middle Siberia. Based on seven microsatellite nuclear markers (nSSR), moderate level of genetic diversity (He=0.455) was detected. A population structure analysis divided the six Siberian stone pine populations into two groups. Southernmost populations were distinguished from the others. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that only 2 % of the genetic variation occurred among populations. Our findings suggest that extensive gene flow may prevent genetic differentiation among Siberian stone pine populations. Hence, further genetic diversity estimation with additional loci is needed for crucial insight into the gene pool of Siberian stone pine populations.
西伯利亚石松(Pinus sibirica Du Tour)是欧亚北方森林生态系统的重要组成部分。然而，由于持续的气候变化和人类活动，该物种的栖息地不断退化和减少。出于这些原因，探索物种的遗传资源并确定当今种群的遗传多样性和结构至关重要。本研究对来自中西伯利亚不同林带的6个西伯利亚石松居群的遗传多样性和分化进行了分析。7个微卫星核标记(nSSR)的遗传多样性为中等水平(He=0.455)。种群结构分析将6个西伯利亚石松种群分为两类。最南端的种群与其他种群不同。分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明，群体间的遗传变异仅占2%。我们的研究结果表明，广泛的基因流动可能会阻止西伯利亚石松群体之间的遗传分化。因此，为了深入了解西伯利亚石松种群的基因库，需要进一步利用额外的基因座进行遗传多样性评估。
{"title":"Genetic diversity and structure of Siberian Stone Pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) populations","authors":"Marina Sheller, E. Tóth, P. Mikhaylov, S. Kulakov, N. Kulakova, E. Shilkina, A. Ibe, T. Sukhikh, C. Blanc-Jolivet","doi":"10.2478/sg-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) is a key component of the Eurasian boreal forest ecosystems. However, due to the ongoing climatic changes and anthropogenic activities, the habitats of the species are constantly degrading and reducing. To these reasons, exploring the genetic resources of the species and determining the genetic diversity and structure of today’s populations is essential. In this study, we assessed genetic diversity and differentiation in six Siberian stone pine populations from different forest zones in Middle Siberia. Based on seven microsatellite nuclear markers (nSSR), moderate level of genetic diversity (He=0.455) was detected. A population structure analysis divided the six Siberian stone pine populations into two groups. Southernmost populations were distinguished from the others. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that only 2 % of the genetic variation occurred among populations. Our findings suggest that extensive gene flow may prevent genetic differentiation among Siberian stone pine populations. Hence, further genetic diversity estimation with additional loci is needed for crucial insight into the gene pool of Siberian stone pine populations.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76909479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. GUTIÉRREZ-LOZANO, A. Sánchez‐González, P. Octavio-Aguilar, Dulce María Galván-Hernández, J. Vázquez-García
Abstract This study analyzes the diversity and genetic structure of seven natural populations of Magnolia mexicana (Yoloxóchitl), an endangered and endemic species distributed in the Mexican Sierra Madre Oriental. The objective of the analysis is to generate basic information for the development of management and conservation programs for this species. The variation and genetic structure were estimated based on 12 SSR markers. The results indicate that the expected heterozygosity was 0.63±0.02 and the allelic richness was 1.21±0.05. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that variation between individuals explains 49 % of the total variation, and variation within individuals explains 36 %. The technical Neighbor joining and the ordination diagram of the canonical discriminant analysis show that the populations are made up of two genetic groups mostly. By contrast with the model Bayesian grouping (obtained with the STRUCTURE program) indicated the formation the six genetics groups. Recent bottleneck effects were observed in all localities, except in Duraznillo, El Cajón, and Zapotla. The relationship between genetic and geographic distances was not significant, which rules out a structure determined by isolation; the results suggest that the diversity and genetic structure of the species are affected by local factors such as habitat fragmentation, land use change, and excessive use of the flowers and fruits of M. mexicana by the inhabitants. Therefore, it is a priority to implement management and conservation programs to guarantee their survival.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and structure of Magnolia mexicana (Magnoliacea): A threatened species in eastern Mexico","authors":"M. GUTIÉRREZ-LOZANO, A. Sánchez‐González, P. Octavio-Aguilar, Dulce María Galván-Hernández, J. Vázquez-García","doi":"10.2478/sg-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyzes the diversity and genetic structure of seven natural populations of Magnolia mexicana (Yoloxóchitl), an endangered and endemic species distributed in the Mexican Sierra Madre Oriental. The objective of the analysis is to generate basic information for the development of management and conservation programs for this species. The variation and genetic structure were estimated based on 12 SSR markers. The results indicate that the expected heterozygosity was 0.63±0.02 and the allelic richness was 1.21±0.05. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that variation between individuals explains 49 % of the total variation, and variation within individuals explains 36 %. The technical Neighbor joining and the ordination diagram of the canonical discriminant analysis show that the populations are made up of two genetic groups mostly. By contrast with the model Bayesian grouping (obtained with the STRUCTURE program) indicated the formation the six genetics groups. Recent bottleneck effects were observed in all localities, except in Duraznillo, El Cajón, and Zapotla. The relationship between genetic and geographic distances was not significant, which rules out a structure determined by isolation; the results suggest that the diversity and genetic structure of the species are affected by local factors such as habitat fragmentation, land use change, and excessive use of the flowers and fruits of M. mexicana by the inhabitants. Therefore, it is a priority to implement management and conservation programs to guarantee their survival.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90158497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji-Min Park, Ye-Ji Kim, Da-Eun Gu, Yeongkon Woo, G. Cho, K. Kang
Abstract Variation of female and male strobilus production among clones over 4 consecutive years was estimated, and genetic variance, heritability, and genetic correlation in strobilus production were investigated in the second-generation seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii. This seed orchard was created with grafts selected according to the volume growth of their offspring. The production of female strobili continued to increase, whereas the production of male strobili fluctuated throughout the investigated period. The number of female strobili was highest in rich cone years, but the production of male strobili was not the same in rich or poor years. The maleness index showed a balance between female and male parents that occurred when male strobilus production was in rich or poor years. The parental balance curve for female strobilus production was closer to the expectation (i.e., more equal contribution) than that for male strobilus production in all years. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among clones in female and male strobilus production over the four-year period. The narrow-sense heritability was higher in male strobilus production than female strobilus, implying that male strobilus production was under genetic control. The Pearson’s correlation was positive and mostly significant, indicating that female strobilus production was reflected in male strobilus production. The effective parent number was lowest in moderate and good years for cone production. The loss of gene diversity in seed crops was lower than expected based on clonal fertility variation.
{"title":"Clonal fertility and heritability in strobilus production, and gene diversity of seed crops in a second-generation seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii","authors":"Ji-Min Park, Ye-Ji Kim, Da-Eun Gu, Yeongkon Woo, G. Cho, K. Kang","doi":"10.2478/sg-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Variation of female and male strobilus production among clones over 4 consecutive years was estimated, and genetic variance, heritability, and genetic correlation in strobilus production were investigated in the second-generation seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii. This seed orchard was created with grafts selected according to the volume growth of their offspring. The production of female strobili continued to increase, whereas the production of male strobili fluctuated throughout the investigated period. The number of female strobili was highest in rich cone years, but the production of male strobili was not the same in rich or poor years. The maleness index showed a balance between female and male parents that occurred when male strobilus production was in rich or poor years. The parental balance curve for female strobilus production was closer to the expectation (i.e., more equal contribution) than that for male strobilus production in all years. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among clones in female and male strobilus production over the four-year period. The narrow-sense heritability was higher in male strobilus production than female strobilus, implying that male strobilus production was under genetic control. The Pearson’s correlation was positive and mostly significant, indicating that female strobilus production was reflected in male strobilus production. The effective parent number was lowest in moderate and good years for cone production. The loss of gene diversity in seed crops was lower than expected based on clonal fertility variation.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81659214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The complete diallel cross is the only mating design that provides estimates of variance components of general combining (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal and reciprocal effects, in addition to heritabilities and genetic correlations. To obtain such estimates, complete diallels were made among 10 trees in each of three natural Norway spruce populations from altitude 300 and 500 m in southern Norway. Seedlings from families from the diallels and open pollinations were tested in short-term tests on agricultural soil at one site at altitude 85 m until age 10 years from seed. Tree height at ages 7 and 10 years and diameter at age 10 had strongly significant GCA variance components within each population. The components for SCA and maternal effects were small and not significant, indicating low levels of non-additive genetic variation. For the days of initiation and cessation of the shoot elongation period the GCA components were dominating and had the highest heritability estimates in two of the diallels. Estimates of genetic correlations between traits measured in earlier nursery trials and height and diameter in the short-term trials had low and not consistent values in the three diallels. The duration of the shoot growth period and rate of growth showed positive relationships with height and diameter. Strong relationships were present between half-sib family means from the diallels and open-pollinated families for height, diameter and phenology traits. Progeny trials testing open-pollinated half-sib families from natural populations can be used for selection of candidates for the initial breeding populations.
{"title":"Diallel crosses in Picea abies IV. Genetic variation and inheritance patterns in short-term trials","authors":"T. Skrøppa, T. Solvin, Arne Steffenrem","doi":"10.2478/sg-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The complete diallel cross is the only mating design that provides estimates of variance components of general combining (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), maternal and reciprocal effects, in addition to heritabilities and genetic correlations. To obtain such estimates, complete diallels were made among 10 trees in each of three natural Norway spruce populations from altitude 300 and 500 m in southern Norway. Seedlings from families from the diallels and open pollinations were tested in short-term tests on agricultural soil at one site at altitude 85 m until age 10 years from seed. Tree height at ages 7 and 10 years and diameter at age 10 had strongly significant GCA variance components within each population. The components for SCA and maternal effects were small and not significant, indicating low levels of non-additive genetic variation. For the days of initiation and cessation of the shoot elongation period the GCA components were dominating and had the highest heritability estimates in two of the diallels. Estimates of genetic correlations between traits measured in earlier nursery trials and height and diameter in the short-term trials had low and not consistent values in the three diallels. The duration of the shoot growth period and rate of growth showed positive relationships with height and diameter. Strong relationships were present between half-sib family means from the diallels and open-pollinated families for height, diameter and phenology traits. Progeny trials testing open-pollinated half-sib families from natural populations can be used for selection of candidates for the initial breeding populations.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82762050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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