Abstract DNA isolation is a fundamental technique for all molecular biology laboratories. Depending on the plant species, DNA isolation can be challenging. In particular, adapted protocols rarely exist for tree species which are not used as standard model organisms. Here, we describe a flexible DNA isolation protocol that works for 59 tree species in a modular system. It is based on an ATMAB-containing extraction buffer to which proteinase K and/or boric acid are added, depending on the plant species. Subsequent purification steps include one or two precipitations with dichloromethane and, depending on the tree species, an optional sodium acetate precipitation. Using leaf material of a hybrid poplar clone from in vitro culture, it was determined that higher amounts of DNA could be isolated with this material than from field leaves. Starting from leaf material, DNA isolation for difficult cases was achieved with cambium or root tissue. This protocol was used to extract DNA for subsequent PCR amplification. Markers for cpDNA, mtDNA, and genomic DNA were used for standardized testing.
{"title":"Flexible DNA isolation procedure for different tree species as a convenient lab routine","authors":"T. Bruegmann, M. Fladung, H. Schroeder","doi":"10.2478/sg-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract DNA isolation is a fundamental technique for all molecular biology laboratories. Depending on the plant species, DNA isolation can be challenging. In particular, adapted protocols rarely exist for tree species which are not used as standard model organisms. Here, we describe a flexible DNA isolation protocol that works for 59 tree species in a modular system. It is based on an ATMAB-containing extraction buffer to which proteinase K and/or boric acid are added, depending on the plant species. Subsequent purification steps include one or two precipitations with dichloromethane and, depending on the tree species, an optional sodium acetate precipitation. Using leaf material of a hybrid poplar clone from in vitro culture, it was determined that higher amounts of DNA could be isolated with this material than from field leaves. Starting from leaf material, DNA isolation for difficult cases was achieved with cambium or root tissue. This protocol was used to extract DNA for subsequent PCR amplification. Markers for cpDNA, mtDNA, and genomic DNA were used for standardized testing.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"30 1","pages":"20 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81376615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is an economically and ecologically important tree species in Europe acutely threatened by ash dieback. Here, we present a new set of Simple Sequence Repeat markers for F. excelsior and six related ash species based on published in silico designed primers. Forty SSR markers, mainly from genic regions, were tested for amplification and polymorphism and characterized in two ash populations in Germany. Transferability of polymorphic markers to six related Fraxinus species (F. angustifolia, F. ornus, F. quadrangulata, F. pennsylvanica, F. americana and F. biltmoreana) was also assessed. Eighteen markers, predominantly from genic regions including three markers closely linked to candidate genes for ash dieback, were successfully amplified and polymorphic in F. excelsior, of which between 10 to 17 were transferable to one of the six related species. High genetic diversity was found in the two ash populations (Na = 7.8 and 6.9, He = 0.71 and 0.68), while low genetic differentiation between populations (FST = 0.025) was observed. The newly characterised SSR markers extend the set of genetic markers available for F. excelsior and six other ash species for future studies on the genetic diversity and structure of ash populations.
{"title":"Characterisation of nuclear microsatellite markers for Fraxinus excelsior L. and their transferability to six related species","authors":"Tina Hartung, K. Budde, O. Gailing","doi":"10.2478/sg-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is an economically and ecologically important tree species in Europe acutely threatened by ash dieback. Here, we present a new set of Simple Sequence Repeat markers for F. excelsior and six related ash species based on published in silico designed primers. Forty SSR markers, mainly from genic regions, were tested for amplification and polymorphism and characterized in two ash populations in Germany. Transferability of polymorphic markers to six related Fraxinus species (F. angustifolia, F. ornus, F. quadrangulata, F. pennsylvanica, F. americana and F. biltmoreana) was also assessed. Eighteen markers, predominantly from genic regions including three markers closely linked to candidate genes for ash dieback, were successfully amplified and polymorphic in F. excelsior, of which between 10 to 17 were transferable to one of the six related species. High genetic diversity was found in the two ash populations (Na = 7.8 and 6.9, He = 0.71 and 0.68), while low genetic differentiation between populations (FST = 0.025) was observed. The newly characterised SSR markers extend the set of genetic markers available for F. excelsior and six other ash species for future studies on the genetic diversity and structure of ash populations.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"5 1","pages":"65 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74882789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irenka Fabián-Plesníková, C. Sáenz-Romero, T. Terrazas, Alejandro Reyes-Ramos, M. Martínez-Trujillo, J. Cruz-de-León, N. Sánchez-Vargas
Abstract Mexico ranks 5th in worldwide resin production. Pinus oocarpa is the most widely tapped pine tree in Mexico. Michoacán (central-western Mexico) is the first nationwide state producer of resin. Despite the P. oocarpa relevance, there is no genetic improvement program in the country for resin production. We evaluated the degree of genetic control for growth, anatomical traits, resin yield, and the correlation among them at an early age (five-years-old for growth, six for resin, and anatomical traits) in a P. oocarpa half-sib progeny trial. Families were originated from selected mother trees, based on their resin yield. We found significant genetic variation among families for stem volume (h2i= 0.12, h2f= 0.35), traumatic ducts (diameter: h2i= 0.63, h2f= 0.51; area: h2f= 0.81), and resin yield (individual and family narrow-sense heritability: h2i= 0.20, h2f= 0.52), and a positive correlation between diameter and area of traumatic ducts with resin yield (Pearson correlation: r= 0.73, p= 0.04; r= 0.71, p= 0.0497; respectively). Results suggest that the early selection (six-years-old) of superior P. oocarpa families, based on resin yield (estimated by microchipping technique), and/or based on larger diameter and area of traumatic ducts, appears to be a feasible strategy to develop seed orchards able to provide genetically improved seeds for intensive resin tree plantations. That would be an important alternative for a state as Michoacán, Mexico, where natural P. oocarpa stands are being replaced for avocado orchards for exportation.
{"title":"Traumatic ducts size varies genetically and is positively associated to resin yield of Pinus oocarpa open-pollinated progenies","authors":"Irenka Fabián-Plesníková, C. Sáenz-Romero, T. Terrazas, Alejandro Reyes-Ramos, M. Martínez-Trujillo, J. Cruz-de-León, N. Sánchez-Vargas","doi":"10.2478/sg-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mexico ranks 5th in worldwide resin production. Pinus oocarpa is the most widely tapped pine tree in Mexico. Michoacán (central-western Mexico) is the first nationwide state producer of resin. Despite the P. oocarpa relevance, there is no genetic improvement program in the country for resin production. We evaluated the degree of genetic control for growth, anatomical traits, resin yield, and the correlation among them at an early age (five-years-old for growth, six for resin, and anatomical traits) in a P. oocarpa half-sib progeny trial. Families were originated from selected mother trees, based on their resin yield. We found significant genetic variation among families for stem volume (h2i= 0.12, h2f= 0.35), traumatic ducts (diameter: h2i= 0.63, h2f= 0.51; area: h2f= 0.81), and resin yield (individual and family narrow-sense heritability: h2i= 0.20, h2f= 0.52), and a positive correlation between diameter and area of traumatic ducts with resin yield (Pearson correlation: r= 0.73, p= 0.04; r= 0.71, p= 0.0497; respectively). Results suggest that the early selection (six-years-old) of superior P. oocarpa families, based on resin yield (estimated by microchipping technique), and/or based on larger diameter and area of traumatic ducts, appears to be a feasible strategy to develop seed orchards able to provide genetically improved seeds for intensive resin tree plantations. That would be an important alternative for a state as Michoacán, Mexico, where natural P. oocarpa stands are being replaced for avocado orchards for exportation.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"6 1","pages":"10 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75011879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Makouanzi Ekomono Chrissy Garel, Vigneron Philippe
Abstract Additive, dominance and epistasis genetic variances were estimated from analysis of a clonally replicated full-sib progeny test grown in the Republic of Congo. Phenotypic variance components were estimated for ages 4 through 25 months for growth and at ages 8 and 18 months for ecophysiological traits. The estimation of genetics effects was derived from the individual mixed model. Genetic structure was incorporated into variances and covariance’s effects based on markers information. The detected genetic effects of epistasis are significant in some traits. This study shows that epistasis variance can be non-zero and contribute significantly to the genetic variability of growth and ecophysiological traits. We conclude that the epistatic effect for quantitative traits may exist, but estimates may not be obtained, either because the models used are inappropriate or because the epistasis variance is too small relative to other components of the genetic variance to be estimated.
{"title":"Estimating of Additive, Dominance, and Epistatic Genetic Variance in Eucalypt Hybrid Population","authors":"Makouanzi Ekomono Chrissy Garel, Vigneron Philippe","doi":"10.2478/sg-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Additive, dominance and epistasis genetic variances were estimated from analysis of a clonally replicated full-sib progeny test grown in the Republic of Congo. Phenotypic variance components were estimated for ages 4 through 25 months for growth and at ages 8 and 18 months for ecophysiological traits. The estimation of genetics effects was derived from the individual mixed model. Genetic structure was incorporated into variances and covariance’s effects based on markers information. The detected genetic effects of epistasis are significant in some traits. This study shows that epistasis variance can be non-zero and contribute significantly to the genetic variability of growth and ecophysiological traits. We conclude that the epistatic effect for quantitative traits may exist, but estimates may not be obtained, either because the models used are inappropriate or because the epistasis variance is too small relative to other components of the genetic variance to be estimated.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"8 1","pages":"39 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90424037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Xiao Zhang, Ying Zhang, Xiaohong Cui, Dai-li Li, Hengyu Zhang, Wula Duan, Jun Wang
Abstract Highly gametic sterility of a distant hybrid Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ restricts its utilization in breeding programs of Populus. Amphidiploid induction by somatic chromosome doubling is expected to restore its gametic fertility. In this study, nodal-segment and leaf explants of ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ were used to induce chromosome doubling with colchicine in vitro. Although chromosome doubling of the nodal-segment explants only produced mixoploids, the treatments of leaf explants on adventitious bud regeneration medium successfully produced 4 amphidiploids, which might be attributed to the direct organogenesis of the adventitious buds on the leaf explants. This is the first report of amphidiploid induction in a distant hybrid between Populus section Tacamahaca and sect. Turanga. The highest amphidiploid induction frequency was 16.7 %. Both the explant survival rate and polyploidization frequency were significantly affected by colchicine concentration and exposure time. The amphidiploid plants significantly differed from the diploid and mixoploid plants in morphological and anatomical characteristics. They had larger, thicker, and greener leaves than the diploids and mixoploids. The increase in ploidy level also resulted in changes in stomatal features. The induced amphidiploid plants of the distant hybrid ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ are expected to play important roles in breeding programs of Populus in the future, which can be used as a bridge parent with the ability of unreduced gamete formation to cross with fast-growth germplasms to produce triploids pyramiding desirable traits of fast growth, easy cutting propagation, and salt and drought tolerances.
摘要远缘杂交胡杨(Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv)的高度配子不育性。“小虎阳2号”限制了其在杨树育种中的应用。体细胞加倍诱导双二倍体有望恢复其配子育性。本研究以‘小虎阳2号’的节段外植体和叶片外植体为材料，利用秋水仙碱在体外诱导染色体加倍。虽然节段外植体的染色体加倍只产生混合二倍体，但叶片外植体在不定芽再生培养基上的处理成功地产生了4个两二倍体，这可能是由于不定芽在叶片外植体上的直接器官发生。本文首次报道了塔卡玛哈卡杨与图兰加杨远缘杂交的双二倍体诱导。双二倍体的最高诱导率为16.7%。秋水仙碱浓度和暴露时间对外植体成活率和多倍体频率均有显著影响。两二倍体植物在形态和解剖特征上与二倍体和混合倍体植物有显著差异。它们的叶片比二倍体和混倍体更大、更厚、更绿。倍性水平的增加也导致气孔特征的变化。远缘杂交‘小虎阳2号’的双二倍体诱导植株在今后的杨树育种中具有重要的应用价值，可以作为具有未还原配子形成能力的桥梁亲本，与速生种质杂交，获得生长快、易扦插繁殖、耐盐耐旱等优良性状的三倍体。
{"title":"In vitro amphidiploid induction of a distant hybrid Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ and its effect on plant morphology and anatomy","authors":"Xiao-Xiao Zhang, Ying Zhang, Xiaohong Cui, Dai-li Li, Hengyu Zhang, Wula Duan, Jun Wang","doi":"10.2478/sg-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Highly gametic sterility of a distant hybrid Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ restricts its utilization in breeding programs of Populus. Amphidiploid induction by somatic chromosome doubling is expected to restore its gametic fertility. In this study, nodal-segment and leaf explants of ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ were used to induce chromosome doubling with colchicine in vitro. Although chromosome doubling of the nodal-segment explants only produced mixoploids, the treatments of leaf explants on adventitious bud regeneration medium successfully produced 4 amphidiploids, which might be attributed to the direct organogenesis of the adventitious buds on the leaf explants. This is the first report of amphidiploid induction in a distant hybrid between Populus section Tacamahaca and sect. Turanga. The highest amphidiploid induction frequency was 16.7 %. Both the explant survival rate and polyploidization frequency were significantly affected by colchicine concentration and exposure time. The amphidiploid plants significantly differed from the diploid and mixoploid plants in morphological and anatomical characteristics. They had larger, thicker, and greener leaves than the diploids and mixoploids. The increase in ploidy level also resulted in changes in stomatal features. The induced amphidiploid plants of the distant hybrid ‘Xiaohuyang-2’ are expected to play important roles in breeding programs of Populus in the future, which can be used as a bridge parent with the ability of unreduced gamete formation to cross with fast-growth germplasms to produce triploids pyramiding desirable traits of fast growth, easy cutting propagation, and salt and drought tolerances.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"158 1","pages":"107 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76892295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the main valuable temperate broadleaved species from Europe considering the market appreciation of their timber. In the present study we analyzed the growth performance of different wild cherry clones under different management treatments. A field trial was settled in Bosques Naturales S.A. “Sendelle” forests (Arzúa, Galicia, NW Spain) with a multifactorial design to analyze the effect of clones (4 clones), pruning intensity (33 % and 50 % of total height) and fertilization (3 treatments). It was monitored for 8 years. Clone was found out to be the most important variable in this study while tree growth was neither significantly affected by the pruning intensity nor the fertilization treatments. Clone selection is highlighted as a key issue in wild cherry commercial planted forests for timber production and the selected C-15 clone shows an excellent field performance compared to other clones based on the trial and the literature, reaching a DBH of 14 cm after eight years.
{"title":"Growth performance of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) clones in planted forests under different managements in Galicia, NW Spain","authors":"J. Fernández-Moya, I. Urbán-Martínez","doi":"10.2478/sg-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the main valuable temperate broadleaved species from Europe considering the market appreciation of their timber. In the present study we analyzed the growth performance of different wild cherry clones under different management treatments. A field trial was settled in Bosques Naturales S.A. “Sendelle” forests (Arzúa, Galicia, NW Spain) with a multifactorial design to analyze the effect of clones (4 clones), pruning intensity (33 % and 50 % of total height) and fertilization (3 treatments). It was monitored for 8 years. Clone was found out to be the most important variable in this study while tree growth was neither significantly affected by the pruning intensity nor the fertilization treatments. Clone selection is highlighted as a key issue in wild cherry commercial planted forests for timber production and the selected C-15 clone shows an excellent field performance compared to other clones based on the trial and the literature, reaching a DBH of 14 cm after eight years.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"194 1","pages":"81 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77286855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Trudić, Gordon Draškić, G. Le Provost, S. Stojnić, A. Pilipović, A. Ivezić
Abstract Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the most significant broadleaved tree species in Europe. However, various abiotic and biotic agents have influenced pedunculate oak forests, among which drought stress has been frequently described as the main driver of this species forests decline. In this study we assessed relative expression profile of 11 candidate genes involved in many different metabolic pathways and potentially responsible for oak drought tolerance. The obtained results succeed in partially tackling drought tolerance mechanisms of targeted natural pedunculated oak population. This gene pool may represent a base for adaptation and therefore genetic diversity should be conserved. In this paper we described different expression responses of four pedunculate oak ecological groups, characterized by different physiological status (senescent vs vital) and flowering period (early (var. praecox) vs late (var. tardissima)). The most significant differences in relative gene expression levels are shown between the flowering period (tardissima (8 genes upregulated) vs praecox (3 genes upregulated)), more than a physiological status (sene-scent vs vital). Only three genes wrky53, rd22 and sag21 showed upregulated expression pattern in senescent physiological groups, indicating their possible role in the coping mechanisms of oak in stressed environment. Results showed interesting connections of relative gene expression values of identified drought-tolerance related genes with flowering period and provide further recommendations for adequate conservation and monitoring of this important oak gene pool in its southeast refugium.
{"title":"Expression profiles of 11 candidate genes involved in drought tolerance of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). Possibilities for genetic monitoring of the species.","authors":"B. Trudić, Gordon Draškić, G. Le Provost, S. Stojnić, A. Pilipović, A. Ivezić","doi":"10.2478/sg-2021-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2021-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the most significant broadleaved tree species in Europe. However, various abiotic and biotic agents have influenced pedunculate oak forests, among which drought stress has been frequently described as the main driver of this species forests decline. In this study we assessed relative expression profile of 11 candidate genes involved in many different metabolic pathways and potentially responsible for oak drought tolerance. The obtained results succeed in partially tackling drought tolerance mechanisms of targeted natural pedunculated oak population. This gene pool may represent a base for adaptation and therefore genetic diversity should be conserved. In this paper we described different expression responses of four pedunculate oak ecological groups, characterized by different physiological status (senescent vs vital) and flowering period (early (var. praecox) vs late (var. tardissima)). The most significant differences in relative gene expression levels are shown between the flowering period (tardissima (8 genes upregulated) vs praecox (3 genes upregulated)), more than a physiological status (sene-scent vs vital). Only three genes wrky53, rd22 and sag21 showed upregulated expression pattern in senescent physiological groups, indicating their possible role in the coping mechanisms of oak in stressed environment. Results showed interesting connections of relative gene expression values of identified drought-tolerance related genes with flowering period and provide further recommendations for adequate conservation and monitoring of this important oak gene pool in its southeast refugium.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"22 1","pages":"226 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77359941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawa Méndez-Álvarez, Olman Murillo-Gamboa, Yorleny Badilla-Valverde, William Hernández-Castro
Abstract Gmelina arborea is the second most planted tree species in Costa Rica, and one of the most important in several Latin American countries. In recent years, a disease caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, has spread throughout Latin America, leading to the complete root of the tree in a few months. This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, severity and genetic tolerance control of the Ceratocystis wilt in G. arborea. Data is based on a 2.4-year-old clonal trial, with 34 elite genotypes, at Río Jiménez, Guácimo in the Costa Rican Caribbean region. The variables diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, disease incidence and disease severity were evaluated. A pathogenicity index was proposed as a new selection criterion. SELEGEN (EMBRAPA) software was used for the evaluation of the genetic control in all traits investigated. Overall incidence rate was 39 % and severity was 13 %. Mean clonal heritability for severity was h2mc= 0.59 and for incidence h2mc= 0.47, these values were high evidencing that both traits are under a strong genetic control. The pathogenicity index becomes a useful discrimination criterion for ranking genotypes by their disease tolerance. An infection pattern inversely proportional to the DBH was observed. Although none of the 34 genotypes evaluated recorded total resistance to C. fimbriata, eight of these genotypes show strong genetic tolerance to the disease, and high productivity. Their use can be encouraging and will contribute to the reduction of Ceratocystis wilt impact in the country, as well as in the tropical Latin America region.
{"title":"Genetic tolerance to Ceratocystis wilt in melina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.)","authors":"Dawa Méndez-Álvarez, Olman Murillo-Gamboa, Yorleny Badilla-Valverde, William Hernández-Castro","doi":"10.2478/sg-2021-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2021-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gmelina arborea is the second most planted tree species in Costa Rica, and one of the most important in several Latin American countries. In recent years, a disease caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, has spread throughout Latin America, leading to the complete root of the tree in a few months. This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, severity and genetic tolerance control of the Ceratocystis wilt in G. arborea. Data is based on a 2.4-year-old clonal trial, with 34 elite genotypes, at Río Jiménez, Guácimo in the Costa Rican Caribbean region. The variables diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, disease incidence and disease severity were evaluated. A pathogenicity index was proposed as a new selection criterion. SELEGEN (EMBRAPA) software was used for the evaluation of the genetic control in all traits investigated. Overall incidence rate was 39 % and severity was 13 %. Mean clonal heritability for severity was h2mc= 0.59 and for incidence h2mc= 0.47, these values were high evidencing that both traits are under a strong genetic control. The pathogenicity index becomes a useful discrimination criterion for ranking genotypes by their disease tolerance. An infection pattern inversely proportional to the DBH was observed. Although none of the 34 genotypes evaluated recorded total resistance to C. fimbriata, eight of these genotypes show strong genetic tolerance to the disease, and high productivity. Their use can be encouraging and will contribute to the reduction of Ceratocystis wilt impact in the country, as well as in the tropical Latin America region.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"53 1","pages":"195 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76037246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obituary - Dr. Hans J. Muhs (1939-2021)","authors":"B. Degen, M. Fladung","doi":"10.2478/sg-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"12 1","pages":"184 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73912167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Torres-Dini, Leonardo Delgado-Cerrone, L. Luna, F. Resquin, A. Aguiar, A. Sebbenn
Abstract The improvement of Eucalyptus clones plays a crucial role in modern silviculture. This study used a set of 17 microsatellite loci to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of 107 elite clones (80 E. grandis and 27 E. globulus). All clones were cultivated in Uruguay and were sourced from three different providers. Using the fingerprinting technique, an exclusive molecular profile was assigned for each clone, and the genotyping reaction showed differences between the two species. The cumulative probability of identifying two random individuals that share the same genotype (PI) with all 17 loci, was estimated as low for E. grandis (1.18×10-15) and E. globulus (4.03×10-14). The combined PIsibs was (1.05×10-5) and (2.17×10-5) for E. grandis and E. globulus, respectively. A total of 180 alleles were detected for E. grandis and 100 for E. globulus. We found a high mean number of alleles per locus (10 for E. grandis and 6 for E. globulus), and the results for mean polymorphic information content (PIC ) were (0.648) and (0.548), respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.216 to 0.838 (mean = 0.509) for E. grandis and 0 to 1 (mean = 0.566) for E. globulus. Two core sets of seven EST-SSR loci were identified for each species. These markers revealed unambiguous fragment amplification, providing a minimum number of SSRs for effective clonal identification. The genetic structure analysis suggests that the germplasm of the E. grandis population is structured in four clusters, while the E. globulus population consists of two clusters.
{"title":"The traceability of Eucalyptus clones using molecular markers","authors":"D. Torres-Dini, Leonardo Delgado-Cerrone, L. Luna, F. Resquin, A. Aguiar, A. Sebbenn","doi":"10.2478/sg-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sg-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The improvement of Eucalyptus clones plays a crucial role in modern silviculture. This study used a set of 17 microsatellite loci to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of 107 elite clones (80 E. grandis and 27 E. globulus). All clones were cultivated in Uruguay and were sourced from three different providers. Using the fingerprinting technique, an exclusive molecular profile was assigned for each clone, and the genotyping reaction showed differences between the two species. The cumulative probability of identifying two random individuals that share the same genotype (PI) with all 17 loci, was estimated as low for E. grandis (1.18×10-15) and E. globulus (4.03×10-14). The combined PIsibs was (1.05×10-5) and (2.17×10-5) for E. grandis and E. globulus, respectively. A total of 180 alleles were detected for E. grandis and 100 for E. globulus. We found a high mean number of alleles per locus (10 for E. grandis and 6 for E. globulus), and the results for mean polymorphic information content (PIC ) were (0.648) and (0.548), respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.216 to 0.838 (mean = 0.509) for E. grandis and 0 to 1 (mean = 0.566) for E. globulus. Two core sets of seven EST-SSR loci were identified for each species. These markers revealed unambiguous fragment amplification, providing a minimum number of SSRs for effective clonal identification. The genetic structure analysis suggests that the germplasm of the E. grandis population is structured in four clusters, while the E. globulus population consists of two clusters.","PeriodicalId":21834,"journal":{"name":"Silvae Genetica","volume":"11 1","pages":"217 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74054179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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