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ABOUT A NEW LEVEL OF SELF-ORGANIZATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 关于农业经营体系中一个新的自组织水平
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-71-98
Valeriy V. Belozerov, Igor V. Voroshilov, O. Katin, Mikhail A. Nikulin
Background. According to the UN FAO recommendations, it is necessary to produce one ton of grain for each inhabitant of the Earth for the production of bread and feed for livestock and poultry farming in order to obtain meat, milk, eggs, etc. However, the current level is 3 times lower, which confirms the relevance of the research. Methods and means. In the article, based on a systematic analysis of existing approaches in agriculture, a systematic synthesis of high-tech technological processes in agriculture, as well as fire protection of farmland and forests, was carried out. Examples of modern solutions in this area are given, including monitoring of farmland and forests using unmanned drones, small aircraft and helicopters. The latest developments in the development of airships for these purposes are described, including methods patented by the authors for detecting and fighting fires using gas separation nanotechnology to replace water with atmospheric nitrogen. Results. The conditions for self-organization of technological processes in agriculture are determined, on the basis of which the synthesis of the model of an "agro-fire combine-airship" is carried out, which combines "inside itself" not only the functions of fire extinguishing with separated atmospheric nitrogen, but also all agricultural technologies and precision farming techniques - "without tractors, seeders, combine harvesters, trucks and land reclamation systems. The results of the "energy assessment" of the effectiveness of the introduction of domestic innovations in this area are presented. Conclusion. As a result of the research, it was concluded that agro-fire combines-airships can implement not only technologies for extinguishing landscape and forest fires, but also have an unrivaled quality in the organization of agriculture, due to the proposed integration of these innovative solutions.
背景。根据联合国粮农组织的建议,为了获得肉、奶、蛋等,地球上每个居民需要生产一吨谷物来生产面包和牲畜、家禽养殖饲料。然而,目前的水平是低3倍,这证实了研究的相关性。方法和手段。本文在对现有农业方法进行系统分析的基础上,对农业高科技技术流程以及农田和森林防火进行了系统综合。给出了该领域的现代解决方案的例子,包括使用无人驾驶飞机、小型飞机和直升机监测农田和森林。本文描述了用于这些目的的飞艇发展的最新进展,包括作者申请专利的利用气体分离纳米技术用大气氮代替水来探测和灭火的方法。结果。确定了农业技术过程自组织的条件,在此基础上进行了“农火联合飞艇”模型的综合,该模型不仅“内部”结合了灭火与分离大气氮的功能,而且还结合了所有农业技术和精准农业技术-“没有拖拉机,播种机,联合收割机,卡车和土地复垦系统”。提出了引进国内创新技术在这一领域的有效性的“能量评估”结果。结论。研究结果表明,农火联合飞艇不仅可以实现扑灭景观和森林火灾的技术,而且由于提出了这些创新解决方案的整合,在农业组织中具有无与伦比的质量。
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引用次数: 0
THE PROCEDURE FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF SMALL BUSINESS ENTITIES-AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PROCESS 小型企业实体(农业生产者)参与公共采购过程的程序
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-436-457
S. N. Kovalenko, N. Prodanova, N.D. Georgadze, A.A. Sergeenkov
Background. Currently, agro-industrial holdings occupy a dominant position in Russia, which creates certain imbalances both in the agricultural and processing industries of the agro-industrial sector of the economy. In this connection, it is necessary to create conditions for the full functioning of SMP-agricultural producers. For this purpose, cooperation, conclusion of contracts or participation in state and municipal procurement can be used. Purpose. Determination of the algorithm of participation of SMP-agricultural producers in the procurement process at the state and municipal levels. The work is theoretical in nature and is aimed at developing methodological approaches to the implementation of state and municipal purchases from agricultural producers. Materials and methods. The study is based on legislative and regulatory acts and, at the same time, on the opinions of various authors on the problem of the participation of SMEs in the contract system of state and municipal procurement. Results. In the course of the study, legislative and regulatory acts were considered in relation to procurement of various levels; an assessment of the participation of small businesses-agricultural producers in the field of public procurement was given; algorithms for the participation of this kind of entities in the procurement process were formed. Conclusion. As a result, various aspects and features of the participation of small businesses in public procurement were identified.
背景目前,农产工业控股在俄罗斯占据主导地位,这在农产工业经济部门的农业和加工业中造成了一定的不平衡。在这方面,有必要为SMP农业生产者的充分运作创造条件。为此,可以利用合作、签订合同或参与州和市采购。意图确定SMP农业生产者参与州和市一级采购过程的算法。这项工作是理论性的,旨在制定从农业生产者那里实施州和市采购的方法。材料和方法。该研究以立法和监管法案为基础,同时也以各作者对中小企业参与国家和市采购合同制度问题的意见为基础。后果在研究过程中,审议了与各级采购有关的立法和监管法案;对小企业农业生产者参与公共采购领域的情况进行了评估;形成了这类实体参与采购过程的算法。结论因此,确定了小企业参与公共采购的各个方面和特点。
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引用次数: 0
IMPROVEMENT OF WORKING CONDITIONS IN RURAL AREAS THROUGH THE FORMATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE FOR AGRICULTURAL SERVICES 通过建立农业服务基础设施改善农村地区的工作条件
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-387-408
V. Kuts, M. V. Abushenkova, P. Zhuravlev, V. Kurnosov
Relevance of the study. The infrastructure of rural settlements has a significant impact on the quality of life of the rural population and, as a result, on the development of the infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex. Objective. The purpose of this study is to develop scientific and methodological provisions for improving the infrastructure of agricultural services. Materials and methods. The research methodology includes bibliographic analysis, as well as analysis of statistical data. To identify the most significant factors for ordinary agricultural workers, the method of expert assessments is used. Results. Studies have been conducted on the agro-industrial complex organizations of the Altai Territory. The main part of the article identifies external and internal factors that determine the quality of working conditions in agriculture. Using the method of expert assessments, the most significant factors for ordinary agricultural workers were identified. In order to introduce digitalization in the agro-industrial complex, software and hardware unmanned complexes designed to perform certain functions in crop production are considered. Digital solutions designed to perform the functions of interaction with suppliers, consumers and transportation of agricultural products are described. The issues of environmental safety of workplaces in the agro-industrial complex are considered. Conclusion. It is revealed that in order to effectively develop the infrastructure of rural settlements as a tool to improve the quality of life of the rural population, it is necessary to abandon the policy of maximum coverage in favor of a policy of concentrating efforts on a certain territory on the basis of a comprehensive plan covering all spheres of society and involving sectoral authorities in its implementation within a single project.
研究的相关性。农村住区的基础设施对农村人口的生活质量有重大影响,因此也对农工业综合体基础设施的发展有重大影响。客观的本研究的目的是为改善农业服务基础设施制定科学和方法规定。材料和方法。研究方法包括文献分析和统计数据分析。为了确定对普通农业工人来说最重要的因素,采用了专家评估的方法。后果对阿尔泰地区的农工业综合体组织进行了研究。文章的主要部分确定了决定农业工作条件质量的外部和内部因素。采用专家评估的方法,确定了对普通农业工人最重要的因素。为了在农工综合体中引入数字化,考虑了为在作物生产中执行某些功能而设计的软件和硬件无人综合体。描述了旨在实现与供应商、消费者和农产品运输互动功能的数字解决方案。考虑了农工综合体工作场所的环境安全问题。结论据透露,为了有效地发展农村住区的基础设施,将其作为提高农村人口生活质量的工具,有必要放弃最大覆盖范围的政策,而赞成在一个涵盖社会所有领域并让部门当局参与在一个项目内实施的全面计划的基础上,将努力集中在某一地区的政策。
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引用次数: 0
ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE RECLAMATION PROCESSES OF THE QUARRY COMPLEXES OF CRIMEA 克里米亚采石场复垦过程的生态监测
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-409-435
V. Kobechinskaya, O. Yarosh, Irina B. Prosyannikova
The aim of the work was to study the temporal stages of primary syngenesis in a comparative assessment of the intensity of vegetation demutational processes and soil cover formation on the waste quarry-dump complexes in the steppe and foothill Crimea. Methods and materials. The studies were conducted in two quarries. The first one is located in the steppe part of the peninsula. It was producing limestone, the quarry is located near the city of Evpatoria. The second quarry is located in the foothill zone near Bakhchisaray. The study of the vegetation was conducted by geobotanical methods. The floristic composition, structure of composition and productivity of the corresponding communities were identified. When assessing the physical indicators of the underlying rocks and emerging soils were taken into account: the aggregate and microaggregate composition of soils, porosity and well of their structure by volume and specific weight of the solid phase. At chemical researches of soils the following parameters were defined: the maintenance of humus, composition of exchangeable cations, active acidity of aqueous extract, general alkalinity, ions Ca2+ and Mg2+. Results. Regional features of vegetation composition and soil-forming processes have been established. The process of regenerating biogeocenoses in the plain part of the peninsula was found to proceed faster than in the foothills. The processes of soil and vegetation syngenesis at the dumps during the biological recultivation are strongly stretched on the time scale and are still very far from the natural ecosystems even after 35-40 years.  Conclusions. Focusing on optimizing these areas through biological reclamation alone is problematic. It is necessary to plan mining-technical reclamation to return these territories to economic use.
这项工作的目的是研究初级同生的时间阶段,比较评估克里米亚草原和山麓的废物采石场垃圾场的植被变化过程和土壤覆盖形成的强度。方法和材料。研究是在两个采石场进行的。第一个位于半岛的草原部分。它生产石灰石,采石场位于埃夫帕托里亚市附近。第二个采石场位于Bakhchisaray附近的山麓地带。利用地植物学方法对植被进行了研究。鉴定了相应群落的区系组成、组成结构和生产力。在评估下伏岩石和新兴土壤的物理指标时,考虑了:土壤的团聚体和微团聚体组成,孔隙率和其结构的体积和固相比重。在土壤化学研究中,定义了以下参数:腐殖质的维持、交换阳离子的组成、水萃取物的活性酸度、一般碱度、Ca2+和Mg2+离子。结果。建立了植被组成和土壤形成过程的区域特征。研究发现,半岛平原地区生物地球群落的再生过程要比丘陵地区快。生物复垦过程中堆积场土壤和植被的同生过程在时间尺度上具有很强的延伸性,即使在35-40年之后,与自然生态系统仍有很大的距离。结论。仅仅通过生物复垦来优化这些区域是有问题的。有必要规划采矿技术复垦,使这些领土恢复经济用途。
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引用次数: 0
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF SIBERIA 西伯利亚农业和工业综合体投资活动发展的组织和经济机制的改进
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-337-356
A. Tretyak, I. Vaslavskaya, A. Poltarykhin, Angelina A. Blagodatskaya
The relevance of the work. The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop agro-industrial production at a new qualitative level, to increase the level of food security in the region by improving the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of investment activities in the agro-industrial complex. Objective. The purpose of this study is the development of scientific and methodological provisions for improving the organizational and economic mechanisms of investment activity in the agro-industrial complex of Siberian regions. Materials and methods. The research methodology is aimed at clarifying the basic principles of the formation of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of the food and processing industry, taking into account the sectoral features of innovative development. Results. In-depth studies were carried out on the organizations of the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region. The main part of the article discloses indicators characterizing the development of Russian agriculture in 2017-2020, as well as indicators of innovative activity in agriculture for 2017-2021. Shows the share of investments aimed at the reconstruction and modernization of fixed assets in Russia, as a percentage of the total investment. The mechanism of subsidizing to compensate for the costs incurred for the construction (modernization) of agribusiness facilities is considered. The main directions for improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the investment process in Siberian agriculture have been developed. Conclusion. In conclusion, scientific provisions are formulated to improve the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of investment activities in the agro-industrial complex.
工作的相关性。这项研究之所以具有相关性,是因为需要在新的质量水平上发展农产工业生产,通过改善农产工业综合体投资活动的组织和经济机制来提高该地区的粮食安全水平。客观的本研究的目的是制定科学和方法论规定,以改善西伯利亚地区农工业综合体投资活动的组织和经济机制。材料和方法。研究方法旨在阐明形成食品和加工业发展的组织和经济机制的基本原则,同时考虑到创新发展的部门特征。后果对新西伯利亚地区农工业综合体的组织进行了深入研究。文章的主要部分披露了2017-2020年俄罗斯农业发展的指标,以及2017-2021年农业创新活动的指标。显示俄罗斯固定资产重建和现代化投资占总投资的百分比。考虑了补贴机制,以补偿农业综合企业设施建设(现代化)所产生的成本。已经制定了改善西伯利亚农业投资过程的组织和经济机制的主要方向。结论总之,制定了科学的规定,以改善农工业综合体投资活动发展的组织和经济机制。
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引用次数: 0
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITMS FOR HEART DISEASE PREDICTION 机器学习算法在心脏病预测中的应用
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-475-496
Anna I. Pavlova
This paper focuses on the application of machine learning algorithms to predict cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Every year a large number of deaths are registered all over the world. According to the World Health Organisation, CVDs are the leading cause of high mortality in the world. One of the necessary preventive measures to reduce mortality from CVDs is the timely prediction of diseases in people at high risk of such diseases. Specially developed scales and machine learning algorithms are now being used for the timely prediction of CVDs. Background. To predict heart disease, algorithms are often used: naive Bayesian classifier (Gaussian Naïve Bayes Classificator, GNBC), k-nearest neighbours (K-Nearest Neghboors, KNN), decision tree (Decision Tree, DT). In domestic literature, there are known works devoted to the application of SWD prediction using Adam gradient algorithm in deep neural network training. One of the necessary conditions for increasing the predictive ability of a machine learning model (MLM) is the optimal selection of hyperparameters. The choice of the optimal hyperparameters is often made on the basis of empirical experience. Purpose. To explore the specific application of machine algorithms to the prediction of heart disease. Materials and methods. Scientific novelty of the work. In this research we analyse machine learning algorithms for predicting the risk of CVDs using the approach of automatic search for hyperparameters MMO. The following algorithms were used to construct MMOs: NBS, KNN, DT, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Foorest (RF), Complement Naïve Bayes Classificator (CNBC), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Radial Basic Function (RBF), Gradient Boost (XGBoost). To evaluate the accuracy of machine learning models we used the following indicators: mean absolute error (MAE), precision, completeness (recall), F-measure (F-beta), False Positive Rate (FPR), False Negative Rate (FNR). Additionally, visual analysis of ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic) and areas under the curve (areas under the curve, AUC) were used to analyse the results of MMO. Using AUC value allows to estimate prognostic ability of MLM. Results. The training results showed that RF and XGBoost algorithms are characterized by higher accuracy. With optimal selection of MMO parameters, the overall classification accuracy was 0.88 and 0.94 respectively. Conclusion. The application of machine learning algorithms allows predictive models to be built with high accuracy. This requires the construction of a machine learning model. The ensemble machine learning algorithms RF and XGBoost have higher accuracy rates than the following algorithms: decision trees, Bayesian classification methods, logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis.
本文主要研究机器学习算法在心血管疾病(cvd)预测中的应用。每年全世界都有大量的死亡记录。根据世界卫生组织的数据,心血管疾病是世界上高死亡率的主要原因。及时预测心血管疾病高危人群的疾病是降低心血管疾病死亡率的必要预防措施之一。专门开发的尺度和机器学习算法现在被用于及时预测cvd。 背景。为了预测心脏病,经常使用的算法有:朴素贝叶斯分类器(高斯Naïve贝叶斯分类器,GNBC)、k近邻(k-nearest neighbors, KNN)、决策树(decision tree, DT)。在国内文献中,已有研究利用Adam梯度算法进行SWD预测在深度神经网络训练中的应用。提高机器学习模型预测能力的必要条件之一是超参数的最优选择。最优超参数的选择通常基于经验。 目的。探索机器算法在心脏病预测中的具体应用。 材料和方法。科学工作的新颖性。在这项研究中,我们分析了使用超参数MMO自动搜索方法预测cvd风险的机器学习算法。采用NBS、KNN、DT、Logistic回归、支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)、补体Naïve贝叶斯分类器(CNBC)、线性判别分析(LDA)、径向基本函数(RBF)、梯度Boost (XGBoost)等算法构建MMOs。为了评估机器学习模型的准确性,我们使用了以下指标:平均绝对误差(MAE)、精度、完备性(召回率)、F-measure (F-beta)、假阳性率(FPR)、假阴性率(FNR)。此外,采用ROC曲线(受试者工作特征)和曲线下面积(曲线下面积,AUC)的视觉分析来分析MMO的结果。使用AUC值可以估计传销的预后能力。 结果。训练结果表明,RF和XGBoost算法具有更高的精度。通过对MMO参数的优化选择,总体分类准确率分别为0.88和0.94。 结论。机器学习算法的应用使得预测模型的建立具有很高的准确性。这需要构建一个机器学习模型。集成机器学习算法RF和XGBoost比以下算法具有更高的准确率:决策树、贝叶斯分类方法、逻辑回归、线性判别分析。
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 Background. To predict heart disease, algorithms are often used: naive Bayesian classifier (Gaussian Naïve Bayes Classificator, GNBC), k-nearest neighbours (K-Nearest Neghboors, KNN), decision tree (Decision Tree, DT). In domestic literature, there are known works devoted to the application of SWD prediction using Adam gradient algorithm in deep neural network training. One of the necessary conditions for increasing the predictive ability of a machine learning model (MLM) is the optimal selection of hyperparameters. The choice of the optimal hyperparameters is often made on the basis of empirical experience.
 Purpose. To explore the specific application of machine algorithms to the prediction of heart disease.
 Materials and methods. Scientific novelty of the work. In this research we analyse machine learning algorithms for predicting the risk of CVDs using the approach of automatic search for hyperparameters MMO. The following algorithms were used to construct MMOs: NBS, KNN, DT, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Foorest (RF), Complement Naïve Bayes Classificator (CNBC), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Radial Basic Function (RBF), Gradient Boost (XGBoost). To evaluate the accuracy of machine learning models we used the following indicators: mean absolute error (MAE), precision, completeness (recall), F-measure (F-beta), False Positive Rate (FPR), False Negative Rate (FNR). Additionally, visual analysis of ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic) and areas under the curve (areas under the curve, AUC) were used to analyse the results of MMO. Using AUC value allows to estimate prognostic ability of MLM.
 Results. The training results showed that RF and XGBoost algorithms are characterized by higher accuracy. With optimal selection of MMO parameters, the overall classification accuracy was 0.88 and 0.94 respectively.
 Conclusion. The application of machine learning algorithms allows predictive models to be built with high accuracy. This requires the construction of a machine learning model. The ensemble machine learning algorithms RF and XGBoost have higher accuracy rates than the following algorithms: decision trees, Bayesian classification methods, logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis.","PeriodicalId":21854,"journal":{"name":"Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136300560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
APPLICATION OF BIG DATA TECHNOLOGIES TO ASSESS THE NATURAL MOISTURE OF THE TERRITORY 应用大数据技术评估该地区的自然湿度
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-139-154
A. I. Pavlova
Due to the sharp changes in climatic conditions in Western Siberia, the most pressing problem is food security associated with forecasting crop yields. There is a need to estimate the natural wetness of the area on the basis of agroclimatic indicators, among which the sum of active air temperatures and precipitation is currently the most widely used. Background. However, for a comprehensive assessment of the wetness of the territory, it is necessary to take into account the climate energy resources associated with evaporation of different time resolutions (day, decades, months, vegetation period, year). The initial meteorological parameters are described in the form of poorly structured information of a large volume. Therefore, various technologies and algorithms of machine processing are used in the work. Purpose. The application of big data technologies to assess the natural moisture of the territory Materials and methods.  With the help of the high-level Python programming language and engineering libraries, a comprehensive assessment of the territory was carried out using the example of Mirny of the Kochenevsky District of the Novosibirsk Region in the context of long-term average data and two years 2019 and 2020. That the use of machine processing technologies related to NoSQL data requests, creation of data set and big data slices allows to store and process meteorological parameters using cloud services of different time resolution. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the time for a comprehensive assessment of the territory according to agroclimatic parameters. As a result of the work, precipitation distribution, temperature, relative air humidity, evaporability, humidification coefficients (Ivanov-Vysotsky and Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient) were obtained. Results. The paper proposes to use technologies of big data processing using Python, including pre-processing of poorly structured hydrometeorological data, execution of NoSQL queries, compilation of summary reports on agroclimatic parameters. Pre-processing consists of processing hourly meteorological data, filling gaps in the data, making slices in big data to process multi-temporal queries (day, month, growing season, year). By the example of Mirny farm in Kochenevsky district of Novosibirsk region (Russian Federation), big data processing was performed to calculate agroclimatic parameters to assess the natural moisture content of the area and  yield forecasting. Conclusion. The practical significance of the work is as follows: - the application of big data processing technologies has significantly reduced the time for the labor-intensive process of assessing agrometeorological parameters; - obtained aggregated meteorological parameters of different temporal resolution (hours, days, decades, months) allowed us to identify a strong variability of agroclimatic conditions for the territory of Mirny farm Kochenevsky district, located in the forest-steppe zone of We
由于西西伯利亚气候条件的急剧变化,最紧迫的问题是与预测作物产量相关的粮食安全。有必要根据农业气候指标来估计该地区的自然湿度,其中目前使用最广泛的是活跃气温和降水量的总和。背景然而,为了全面评估领土的湿度,有必要考虑与不同时间分辨率(天、几十年、月、植被期、年)的蒸发相关的气候能源资源。初始气象参数以大体积结构不良的信息的形式进行描述。因此,在工作中使用了各种机器处理技术和算法。意图应用大数据技术对境内自然水分进行评估的材料与方法。在高级Python编程语言和工程库的帮助下,以新西伯利亚地区科切涅夫斯基区的Mirny为例,在长期平均数据和2019年和2020年两年的背景下,对该地区进行了全面评估。使用与NoSQL数据请求、数据集创建和大数据切片相关的机器处理技术,可以使用不同时间分辨率的云服务存储和处理气象参数。这就可以大大缩短根据农业气候参数对领土进行全面评估的时间。结果得到了降水分布、温度、相对空气湿度、蒸发性、增湿系数(Ivanov-Vysotsky和Selyaninov水热系数)。后果本文提出使用Python进行大数据处理的技术,包括结构不良的水文气象数据的预处理、NoSQL查询的执行、农业气候参数总结报告的编写。预处理包括处理每小时的气象数据、填补数据空白、在大数据中切片以处理多时相查询(日、月、生长季节、年)。以新西伯利亚地区(俄罗斯联邦)Kochenevsky区Mirny农场为例,进行了大数据处理,计算了农业气候参数,以评估该地区的自然含水量和产量预测。结论这项工作的实际意义如下:-大数据处理技术的应用大大减少了劳动密集型农业气象参数评估过程的时间;-获得的不同时间分辨率(小时、天、几十年、几个月)的汇总气象参数使我们能够确定Mirny农场Kochenevsky区的农业气候条件的强烈可变性,该地区位于西西伯利亚的森林草原地带通过计算水分、气候大陆性和农业气候潜力的综合指数,对农业气候条件进行综合评估。
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引用次数: 0
MORPHOTYPIC COMPOSITION AND DIFENOCONAZOLE SENSITIVITY OF APPLE SCAB PATHOGEN POPULATIONS THAT DIFFER IN THE HISTORY OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION 不同杀菌剂应用历史的苹果赤霉病病原菌群的形态组成和苯醚甲环唑敏感性
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-219-238
A. Nasonov, Mariya V. Bardak
Scab is one of the most harmful diseases of the world's main fruit crop, the apple tree. Purpose. To evaluate the fungicide influence on the population structure of Venturia inaequalis, by its sensitivity to difenoconazole and morphotypic composition. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 88 monospore isolates isolated from two populations of V. inaequalis. The baseline population, which was not treated with fungicides, was selected from natural populations of Malus orientalis. A population of commercial apple orchards was treated with difenoconazole. The sensitivity of isolates was evaluated under laboratory conditions by mycelial growth at different fungicide concentrations and expressed as effective 50% concentration (EC50). Morphotypes were distinguished by comparing photo-images of isolates with morphotype images in a database. Results. The populations differed in their sensitivity to difenoconazole at a high level of significance (p≤0.003), with median EC50 values of 0.5 and 2.5 mg a.i./l. The resistance factor of the orchard population had a value of 22. Morphological analysis of the isolates also showed an uneven distribution of morphotypes in the populations. Of the 15 morphotypes isolated, 73 % were unique to a particular population. A medium positive correlation between the traits "morphotype" and "fungicide sensitivity" was found. Conclusion. For the first time, a change in the population structure of Venturia inaequalis under the influence of a fungicide was shown not only for a trait under selection pressure (sensitivity), but also for an evolutionarily neutral trait, morphotypic composition.
疥疮是世界上主要水果作物苹果树最有害的疾病之一。意图通过杀菌剂对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性和形态型组成,评价杀菌剂对稻瘟菌种群结构的影响。材料和方法。本研究对从两个稻瘟病菌群中分离的88个单孔分离株进行了研究。未经杀菌剂处理的基准种群选自东方苹果的自然种群。用苯醚甲环唑对商业苹果园进行处理。在实验室条件下,通过不同杀菌剂浓度下的菌丝生长来评估分离株的敏感性,并表示为有效50%浓度(EC50)。通过将分离物的照片图像与数据库中的形态类型图像进行比较来区分形态类型。后果种群对苯醚甲环唑的敏感性差异具有高度显著性(p≤0.003),半数EC50值分别为0.5和2.5 mg a.i./l。果园种群的抗性因子值为22。分离株的形态学分析也显示出种群中形态类型的不均匀分布。在分离的15种形态类型中,73%是特定种群特有的。“形态类型”和“杀菌剂敏感性”之间存在中等程度的正相关。结论首次表明,在杀真菌剂的影响下,不平衡Venturia种群结构的变化不仅表现在选择压力(敏感性)下的性状上,而且表现在进化中性性状、形态型组成上。
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引用次数: 0
PRODUCTIVE AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RUSSIAN MEAT MERINOS SHEEP WITH DIFFERENT LINEAR SELECTION 不同线性选择下俄罗斯肉用美利奴羊的生产特性和生物学特性
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-175-196
E. Chernobai, Sergey A. Oleinik, Olga N. Onishchenko, S. Litvinov, A. Surov
Line breeding is a difficult but effective zootechnical process in purebred sheep husbandry. Linear sheep consistently transmit their characteristics to offspring in order to increase and identify the most promising genotypes, characterized by high productivity and breeding efficiency, by detecting interline selection. The main purpose of the work was to identify the most suitable options for intra- and interline selection of the Russian meat merino breed. The article studies the early development of animals’ growth and physique, the high rates of animals, live weight in different age periods, slaughter and meat qualities. We established that young animals obtained by mating between the animal lines VK-40 and ME-50 were characterized by more proportional body shapes, better slaughter and meat qualities. The increase in live weight of lambs obtained by mating queens of the VK-40 line and rams of the ME-50 line (group III) was more intense than their peers from the intraline selection of the VK-40 line (I group) and of queens of the line AC- 30 with ME-50 rams (group II). The heaviest carcasses were in lambs obtained from the mating of queens of the VK-40 line and rams of the ME-50 line (13.26 kg), the weight of the carcass was greater, compared with the same indicator of the peers of groups I and II, respectively, by 7.7% and 4.0%, by internal fat mass – by 21.8% and 9.8%, by slaughter weight – by 8.3% and 4.3%.
在纯种绵羊养殖中,品系育种是一个困难但有效的动物技术过程。直系羊通过检测系间选择,不断将其性状遗传给后代,以增加和确定最有前途的基因型,其特点是高产和育种效率高。这项工作的主要目的是确定最适合俄罗斯肉用美利奴品种系内和系间选择的选择。研究了动物生长发育早、体质发育快、动物成活率高、不同年龄期的活重、屠宰及肉品质的特点。结果表明,VK-40和ME-50杂交获得的幼畜体型比例更大,屠宰性能和肉质更好。活体重的增加的羔羊了交配的皇后区VK-40线和公羊我50分(第三组)比同龄人更强烈的每行内选择VK-40线(I组)和皇后的AC - 30我五十公羊(第二组)。最重的尸体在羊羔获得交配的皇后区VK-40线和公羊的我50分线(13.26公斤),尸体的重量更大,与ⅰ组和ⅱ组同类相比分别提高了7.7%和4.0%,体内脂肪量分别提高了21.8%和9.8%,屠宰重分别提高了8.3%和4.3%。
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引用次数: 0
ORGANIC SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS IN FOOD CLUSTERS: REGIONAL ASPECT 食品集群中的有机供应链管理产品:区域层面
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2023-15-3-99-118
O. Voronkova, L. Petrova, Alexandra Yu. Mezhova, I. Anufrieva, A. A. Slukina
Background. A number of organizations interact in the supply chain of organic products - manufacturers, warehouses, distributors, carriers, wholesale and retail buyers involved in the formation of material, financial, information and service flows from the source of raw materials to the final consumer. Purpose. It consists in the development of principles of supply chain management of organic products in the food system of the region Materials and methods. The methodological and theoretical basis of the research was the work of domestic and foreign scientists on the management of the supply of organic products in regional food systems. In particular, for a practical example, the Altai Territory was chosen as an ecologically clean region with sufficient land, labor and production resources for the development of organic agricultural production and processing of organic products. In the course of the work, analytical, abstract-logical, monographic and other research methods were applied. Results. It is advisable to manage the promotion of organic products in the food system of the region with the help of innovative digital technologies, in particular blockchain, as well as through the system of agricultural information and consulting centers, organization of presentations of organic products, advertising campaigns, participation in exhibitions and fairs at the regional and Russian levels, the opening of "green" shelves by retailers in their networks. The development of organic agriculture in the Altai Territory can have a significant positive effect on the level of economic, social and environmental development of rural areas of the region by activating the regional market of organic agricultural products, involving unused land resources in the production turnover, using innovative technologies in the agro-industrial complex, increasing the employment of rural residents, activating the ecotourism sphere, increasing the economic sustainability of agro-industrial organizations region. Conclusion. The development of integrated solutions to these problems with the proper level of coordination of all participants in the supply chain of organic products contribute to the formation of a developing global market for organic raw materials and food, affecting agricultural production models, distribution of income and costs, the introduction of digital technology innovations, the greening of the agro-industrial sector, the development of the economy of agricultural regions.
背景许多组织在有机产品的供应链中相互作用——制造商、仓库、分销商、承运人、批发和零售买家参与形成从原材料来源到最终消费者的材料、财务、信息和服务流。意图它包括该地区食品系统中有机产品供应链管理原则的制定材料和方法。这项研究的方法论和理论基础是国内外科学家在区域食品系统有机产品供应管理方面的工作。特别是,作为一个实际的例子,阿尔泰地区被选为一个生态清洁的地区,拥有足够的土地、劳动力和生产资源,用于发展有机农业生产和有机产品加工。在研究过程中,运用了分析法、抽象逻辑法、专题研究法等研究方法。后果建议借助创新数字技术,特别是区块链,以及通过农业信息和咨询中心系统,组织有机产品展示、广告宣传、参加地区和俄罗斯层面的展览和博览会,管理该地区食品系统中有机产品的推广,零售商在其网络中开设“绿色”货架。阿尔泰地区有机农业的发展可以对该地区农村地区的经济、社会和环境发展水平产生重大的积极影响,方法是激活有机农产品的区域市场,将未使用的土地资源纳入生产周转,在农工业综合体中使用创新技术,增加农村居民的就业,激活生态旅游领域,提高农工组织区域的经济可持续性。结论在有机产品供应链所有参与者的适当协调下,为这些问题制定综合解决方案,有助于形成一个发展中的有机原材料和食品全球市场,影响农业生产模式、收入和成本分配、引入数字技术创新、,农业工业部门的绿化,农业地区经济的发展。
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引用次数: 0
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Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture
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