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An early Byzantine ecclesiastical complex at Ashdod-Yam: correlating geophysical prospection with excavated remains 阿什杜德-亚姆的早期拜占庭教会建筑群:地球物理勘探与出土遗物之间的关联
Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2024.2360337
Yaniv Darvasi, Alexander Fantalkin, Paul Brindza, Amotz Agnon
In this study we show the successful deployment of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) together with Electrical Resistivity Surveys (ERS) in guiding the archeological excavations at Ashdod-Yam (southern...
在这项研究中,我们展示了地面穿透雷达(GPR)和电阻率测量(ERS)在指导阿什杜德-亚姆(南部)考古发掘中的成功应用。
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引用次数: 0
Color analysis and classification of earthenware from Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan temple in southern Thailand using machine learning 利用机器学习对泰国南部 Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan 寺出土陶器进行色彩分析和分类
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2024.2359275
Chitnarong Sirisathitkul, Yaowarat Sirisathitkul, Wannasan Noonsuk
Potsherds from Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan, a revered Buddhist temple in Thailand’s Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, were studied in the context of maritime Southeast Asia and local craftsmanship duri...
泰国那空四塔玛拉府的一座佛教寺庙 Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan 出土的陶器是在东南亚海运和当地手工艺的背景下进行研究的。
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引用次数: 0
GPR Mapping of buried monumental retaining walls at biblical Kiriath-Yearim near Jerusalem 在耶路撒冷附近的圣经基列-耶林,埋在地下的纪念性挡土墙的探地雷达测绘
Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2022.2089470
Darvasi Yaniv, Agnon Amotz, Finkelstein Israel
ABSTRACT In 2019 a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) investigation was conducted at Kiriath-Yearim near Jerusalem, one of the largest Bronze and Iron Ages mounds in the highlands of the southern Levant. The main objective was to test an archaeological hypothesis regarding the existence of an Iron Age summit compound which was supported by monumental stone retaining walls. We used a wheeled GPR with simultaneous central frequencies of 200, 400, and 800 MHz. Despite attenuation in the topsoil, scattering by distributed rock fragments, and asphalt pavement, we were able to penetrate almost a meter and detect anomalies. Some of the GPR anomalies are consistent with the above-mentioned theory, meaning that their locations agree with data retrieved in nearby control trenches and with the plan of the site. The excavation findings, jointly with the GPR interpretation, indeed imply the existence of a rectangular monumental summit compound that dates to the 8th century BCE.
2019年,在耶路撒冷附近的基里亚-耶里姆(Kiriath-Yearim)进行了探地雷达(GPR)调查,这是黎凡特南部高地上最大的青铜和铁器时代土丘之一。主要目的是测试一个关于铁器时代顶峰化合物存在的考古学假设,该化合物由巨大的石头挡土墙支撑。我们用的是轮式探地雷达同时中心频率为200,400和800兆赫。尽管表层土壤的衰减、分布的岩石碎片和沥青路面的散射,我们仍能穿透近一米,探测到异常情况。有些探地雷达异常与上述理论一致,这意味着它们的位置与在附近控制壕中获得的数据和场址的平面图一致。挖掘的发现,结合探地雷达的解释,确实暗示了一个可以追溯到公元前8世纪的长方形纪念性顶峰建筑群的存在。
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引用次数: 0
Landscapes of the “Coast of Death”: dolmen topographies of NW Iberia “死亡海岸”的景观:伊比利亚西北部的墓葬地形
Pub Date : 2021-04-27 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2022.2078029
G. Higginbottom, A. C. González-García, Miguel Carrero-Pazos, Benito Vilas-Estévez, V. Lopez-Lopez
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the landscapes of Neolithic communities found within Costa da Morte (Coast of Death), Galicia. Its goal is to uncover whether or not the megalithic monuments of a particular and coherent area of the south-eastern side of the Atlantic Façade are situated in relation to complex locational variables. In particular, in this paper, we explore the entirety of their surrounding horizon. For the very first time, we were able to demonstrate that very specific natural landscapes surrounding the dolmens of this region in Iberia were likely selectively drawn upon, expanding our understanding of the Neolithic of this area and the people's relationship with their natural world. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
本文研究了加利西亚死亡海岸(Costa da Morte)的新石器时代社区景观。其目的是揭示大西洋farade东南侧特定连贯区域的巨石纪念碑是否与复杂的位置变量有关。特别是,在本文中,我们探索了它们周围视界的整体。这是第一次,我们能够证明伊比利亚这个地区的石碑周围非常特殊的自然景观可能是有选择性地绘制的,这扩大了我们对该地区新石器时代以及人们与自然世界关系的理解。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
Pottery production in salt workshops: petrographic and XRF analyses of pottery from Nueva Esperanza, El Salvador 盐厂的陶器生产:萨尔瓦多新埃斯佩兰萨陶器的岩石学和XRF分析
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2021.1927349
Akira Ichikawa, Kenji Kanegae, K. Nanamura
ABSTRACT Crystallized salt can be extracted by boiling brine in pottery over fire. This technique was implemented in many ancient civilizations throughout the world and is used even today. We identified the raw materials and technological aspects of potteries used in salt workshops from the Early Classic period (AD 250–550) of Nueva Esperanza (Pacific coast of El Salvador) by subjecting 19 samples to a petrographic analysis and wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Previous research suggests salt pots were local, but decorated pots were transported from inland communities through markets. However, all 19 samples were made from similar main raw materials, indicating that a variety of techniques and processes were used to manufacture different types of potteries in the associated salt workshops. In sum, this study’s approach should enhance understanding of ancient salt workshops, particularly regarding related pottery production systems and the nature of trade. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
摘要结晶盐的提取方法是在陶器中用火煮沸盐水。这种技术在世界各地的许多古代文明中都有实施,甚至在今天也在使用。我们通过对19个样品进行岩石学分析和波长色散x射线荧光分析,确定了Nueva Esperanza(萨尔瓦多太平洋海岸)早期古典时期(公元250-550年)盐作坊中使用的陶器的原材料和技术方面。先前的研究表明,盐罐是当地的,但装饰过的锅是通过市场从内陆社区运来的。然而,所有19个样品都是由类似的主要原料制成的,这表明在相关的盐车间中,使用了各种技术和工艺来制造不同类型的陶器。总之,这项研究的方法应该加强对古代盐作坊的理解,特别是关于相关的陶器生产系统和贸易性质。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
A Response to Léa Drieu et al., 2020, “Is It Possible to Identify Ancient Wine Production Using Biomolecular Approaches?” (STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research, DOI:10.1080/20548923.2020.1738728) 对lsama Drieu等人的回应,2020,“有可能使用生物分子方法识别古代葡萄酒生产吗?”(STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research, DOI:10.1080/20548923.2020.1738728)
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2021.1921934
P. McGovern, M. Callahan, Gretchen R. Hall, W. C. Petersen, D. Cavalieri, D. Hartl, O. Jáuregui, Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventós
ABSTRACT Comparable to Drieu et al.’s viewpoint, we argue that it is possible to identify ancient Eurasian grape wine by current biomolecular methods, but only in conjunction with the relevant archaeological, archaeobotanical, and other natural and social scientific data. Additionally, we advocate an inductive–deductive working hypothesis model, which is appropriate for the “historical science” of archaeology. We focus on two key deficiencies of Drieu et al.’s argumentation: (1) the assumption that Guasch-Jané et al. (2004) extracted their ancient samples with potassium hydroxide before testing for tartaric acid/tartrate, and (2) the supposition that 5000-year-old yeast DNA would not be preserved in the hot climate of Egypt but rather represents modern contamination.
与Drieu等人的观点相比,我们认为,通过当前的生物分子方法鉴定古代欧亚葡萄酒是可能的,但只有结合相关的考古、考古植物学和其他自然和社会科学数据。此外,我们提倡一种适用于考古学“历史科学”的归纳-演绎工作假设模型。我们关注Drieu等人论证的两个关键缺陷:(1)假设guasch - jan等人(2004)在测试酒石酸/酒石酸盐之前用氢氧化钾提取了他们的古代样本;(2)假设5000年前的酵母DNA不会在埃及炎热的气候中保存下来,而是代表了现代污染。
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引用次数: 2
Measuring the impact of parchment production on skin collagen stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) values 测定羊皮纸生产对皮肤胶原稳定同位素(δ13C和δ15N)值的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2020.1868132
S. Doherty, Michelle M. Alexander, Jiří Vnouček, J. Newton, M. Collins
ABSTRACT Parchment is one of the most abundant resources in archives across the world and is a unique time-sensitive material through which centuries of livestock economies, trade and craft can be explored. We examine the impact of structural and chemical modifications during production to δ13C and δ15N values in the skin, particularly the removal of cutaneous keratins and lipids and the conversion of amide functional groups into carboxyl groups via alkaline hydrolysis. Through the manufacture of 51 parchment skins (sheep, goat, calf and pig) using both historic and modern manufacturing techniques, we found production resulted in a small enrichment in 13C (average +0.12‰) and 15N (+0.26‰). Our results pave the way for the isotopic analysis of parchment in paleodietary and paleoenvironmental studies for the historic period and establish the acceptable C:N ratios in deamidated collagenous tissues.
羊皮纸是世界上最丰富的档案资源之一,是一种独特的具有时间敏感性的材料,通过它可以探索几个世纪以来的畜牧业经济、贸易和工艺。我们研究了生产过程中结构和化学修饰对皮肤中δ13C和δ15N值的影响,特别是去除皮肤角蛋白和脂质以及通过碱性水解将酰胺官能团转化为羧基。通过使用历史和现代制造技术制造51张羊皮纸(绵羊、山羊、小牛和猪),我们发现生产导致13C(平均+0.12‰)和15N(+0.26‰)的少量富集。研究结果为历史时期羊皮纸的古饮食和古环境同位素分析奠定了基础,并建立了可接受的脱酰胺胶原组织C:N比值。
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引用次数: 8
Starch grain extraction in lime-plastered archaeological floors 石灰灰泥考古地面淀粉粒提取
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2021.1920155
M. Zimmermann
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the recovery of archaeological starch grains from building interiors at pre-Columbian Maya sites in southern Mexico. In an effort to render analytical protocols more effective, it examines the performance of chemical residue tests as prospective tools, proposes a customized extraction procedure for lime-plaster floors, and compares the efficacy of two mounting techniques. While the alleged predictive power of proxies like phosphate and carbohydrate tests could not be confirmed, the customized plaster processing protocol not only simplifies the extraction process but also results in the recovery of dense assemblages of individual starches as well as grain clusters. However, despite increases in protocol efficacy, architectural context and building history continue to be factors of utmost importance for microbotanical analyses. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
本文重点研究了墨西哥南部前哥伦布时期玛雅遗址建筑内部的考古淀粉颗粒的恢复。为了使分析方案更加有效,它检查了化学残留物测试作为未来工具的性能,提出了石灰-石膏地板的定制提取程序,并比较了两种安装技术的功效。虽然无法证实磷酸盐和碳水化合物测试等代理的预测能力,但定制的石膏处理方案不仅简化了提取过程,而且还可以恢复单个淀粉和谷物团簇的密集组合。然而,尽管方案的有效性有所提高,但建筑环境和建筑历史仍然是微生物学分析的最重要因素。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
Advancing and refining archaeological dental calculus research using multiomic frameworks 利用多组学框架推进和完善考古牙石研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2021.1882122
Sterling L. Wright, K. Dobney, L. Weyrich
ABSTRACT Dental calculus (calcified dental plaque) is a cross-cultural biological matrix that is emerging as a critical source of information for anthropologists and oral health professionals. It contains a multitude of diverse biomolecules, providing information about an individual’s culture, diet, ancestry, and health. Most researchers who study archaeological dental calculus use genomic or proteomic approaches, although a wide range of other techniques are now available. However, few studies have utilized efficient multiomic protocols. This lack of integration is problematic, as such approaches in other fields have proven to improve results and strengthen interpretations. Our review discusses three multiomic approaches: (1) interactions between the metaproteome and metagenome; (2) relationships between the host genome and oral metagenome; and, (3) associations between the epigenome and metagenome. We draw from multiomic studies on soil, plant, gut, and modern oral microbiomes to demonstrate how such integration can provide insights that are not attainable with single-omic approaches.
牙结石(钙化牙菌斑)是一种跨文化的生物基质,它正在成为人类学家和口腔卫生专业人员的重要信息来源。它包含大量不同的生物分子,提供有关个人文化、饮食、祖先和健康的信息。大多数研究考古牙石的研究人员使用基因组或蛋白质组学方法,尽管现在有广泛的其他技术可用。然而,很少有研究利用高效的多组协议。缺乏整合是有问题的,因为这种方法在其他领域已被证明可以改善结果并加强解释。本文综述了三种多组学方法:(1)元蛋白质组与元基因组之间的相互作用;(2)宿主基因组与口腔宏基因组的关系;(3)表观基因组与宏基因组的关联。我们从土壤、植物、肠道和现代口腔微生物组的多组学研究中得出结论,以证明这种整合如何提供单组学方法无法实现的见解。
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引用次数: 8
Geochemical analyses result of prehistoric pottery from the site of Tol-e Kamin (Fars, Iran) by pXRF 伊朗Tol-e Kamin遗址史前陶器的pXRF地球化学分析结果
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2020.1759912
M. Eslami, Dirk Wicke, N. Rajabi
ABSTRACT A series of pottery samples from the Iranian site Tol-e Kamin, ranging from pre-historical period to the New Elamite, were analyzed in order to study the geochemical variability of the pottery assemblage. A total amount of 168 measurements were obtained using a portable XRF device and were statistically handled. The results could successfully distinguish the geochemical composition of potteries from the chalcolithic to the New Elamite periods in the Kur River Basin. A major shift in the use of different clay sources could be detected since the Proto Elamite period and afterward, in which the carbonated and marl content clays represented by Ca, Ba and Sr shifted to clay sources with a tendency to non-carbonate silty clay Al, Ti, and Fe from a different geological background. The results stress the importance of further provenance studies to address issues of trade and exchange possibilities in southwestern Iran. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
摘要对伊朗toll -e Kamin遗址从史前时期到新埃兰时期的一系列陶器样品进行了分析,以研究陶器组合的地球化学变异。使用便携式XRF设备获得了168个测量值,并进行了统计处理。结果可以成功地区分出库尔河流域从铜石期到新埃兰期陶器的地球化学成分。从原埃兰时期开始及之后,粘土源的使用发生了重大转变,以Ca、Ba、Sr为代表的碳酸盐和泥质粘土向粘土源转移,并倾向于使用来自不同地质背景的非碳酸盐粉质粘土Al、Ti、Fe。研究结果强调了进一步研究产地的重要性,以解决伊朗西南部的贸易和交换可能性问题。图形抽象
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引用次数: 8
期刊
STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research
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