Pub Date : 2017-12-15DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2018.1424304
I. Stepanov, L. Weeks, K. Franke, C. Cable, B. Overlaet, P. Magee, M. Händel, Yaaqoub Yousif Al Aali, Mansour Boraik Radwan, H. Zein
ABSTRACT Ancient iron objects from early Iron Age archaeological sites are almost always severely corroded, which can severely limit the possibilities for their archaeometallurgical analysis. In this paper, a range of corroded iron objects from different sites and regions of the ancient Near East are investigated with the purpose of developing an integrated scientific approach to the investigation of such materials, outlining the capabilities and major technical limitations of currently available techniques. Specific objectives of the research include: (1) Assessing the state of degradation of ancient ferrous objects in respect to the portion of remnant carburized areas preserved; (2) Identifying metallographic structures and evaluating the carbon content from the observation of remnant carburized areas; (3) Developing an understanding of the representativeness of remnant carburized areas in corroded ferrous samples; and (4) Exploring the validity and technical constraints of SEM-EDS analyses of slag inclusions in corroded iron artefacts for the determination of provenance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Methodologies for the investigation of corroded iron objects: examples from prehistoric sites in South-eastern Arabia and Western Iran","authors":"I. Stepanov, L. Weeks, K. Franke, C. Cable, B. Overlaet, P. Magee, M. Händel, Yaaqoub Yousif Al Aali, Mansour Boraik Radwan, H. Zein","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2018.1424304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1424304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ancient iron objects from early Iron Age archaeological sites are almost always severely corroded, which can severely limit the possibilities for their archaeometallurgical analysis. In this paper, a range of corroded iron objects from different sites and regions of the ancient Near East are investigated with the purpose of developing an integrated scientific approach to the investigation of such materials, outlining the capabilities and major technical limitations of currently available techniques. Specific objectives of the research include: (1) Assessing the state of degradation of ancient ferrous objects in respect to the portion of remnant carburized areas preserved; (2) Identifying metallographic structures and evaluating the carbon content from the observation of remnant carburized areas; (3) Developing an understanding of the representativeness of remnant carburized areas in corroded ferrous samples; and (4) Exploring the validity and technical constraints of SEM-EDS analyses of slag inclusions in corroded iron artefacts for the determination of provenance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"99 1","pages":"270 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85885547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-15DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2018.1426274
D. Yancheva, S. Tapanov, E. Velcheva, B. Stamboliyska, Z. Glavcheva, S. Stoyanov, Nikifor Haralampiev, D. Fischer, A. Lederer
ABSTRACT An analytical study on the nave mural paintings of the church “The Nativity of the Virgin” of Rila monastery, Bulgaria, painted by Zahari Zograph was carried out. Vibrational spectroscopy was applied to identify the pigments and organic materials used in the mural paintings. To complement the spectral information, elemental composition of the samples was determined by SEM-EDX. The data showed that smalt with carbohydrate binder was applied for the blue background, green colour was executed by green earths and red-orange colour – by red lead. Azurite is the pigment used to paint the blue colour of the saints’ hoods. The mordant for gilding was prepared of drying oil, resin and siccative metal oxides as evidenced by SEM-EDX, ATR-FTIR and pyrolysis GC-MS analysis. The use of azurite is related to Zahari Zograph’s works as it was not found in any of the previously studied murals in the church painted by other artists.
{"title":"Characterization of Zahari Zograph’s nave wall paintings in the church “The nativity of the virgin” of Rila Monastery (Bulgaria) by vibrational spectroscopy and SEM–EDX analysis","authors":"D. Yancheva, S. Tapanov, E. Velcheva, B. Stamboliyska, Z. Glavcheva, S. Stoyanov, Nikifor Haralampiev, D. Fischer, A. Lederer","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2018.1426274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1426274","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An analytical study on the nave mural paintings of the church “The Nativity of the Virgin” of Rila monastery, Bulgaria, painted by Zahari Zograph was carried out. Vibrational spectroscopy was applied to identify the pigments and organic materials used in the mural paintings. To complement the spectral information, elemental composition of the samples was determined by SEM-EDX. The data showed that smalt with carbohydrate binder was applied for the blue background, green colour was executed by green earths and red-orange colour – by red lead. Azurite is the pigment used to paint the blue colour of the saints’ hoods. The mordant for gilding was prepared of drying oil, resin and siccative metal oxides as evidenced by SEM-EDX, ATR-FTIR and pyrolysis GC-MS analysis. The use of azurite is related to Zahari Zograph’s works as it was not found in any of the previously studied murals in the church painted by other artists.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"53 1","pages":"437 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84417366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-15DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2018.1429522
Réka Ágnes Piros
ABSTRACT In this paper, I introduce the preliminary results of the archaeometrical investigation of fourth to fifth century AD harnesses of the Vor- und Frühgeschichte Museum in Berlin. The assemblage was originated from Hungary and included a pair of axe-shaped bronze/copper pendant from the bridle, covered with pressed, gilded silver plaque, as well as one piece of spoke-shaped horse bit with the similar type of ornamentation. This material was the subject of our investigation, focused on the way of the ornamentation, which can bring us closer to the problem of approximate determination of the analogies, provenance and the cultural effects that might have had an influence on the objects. To find out, we carried out a non-destructive element analysis with a Bruker’s XRF Tracer. According to the first results, some new information is available and a few earlier opinions can be refined.
{"title":"Analysis of a gilded silver sheeted bridle from Hungary – preliminary results","authors":"Réka Ágnes Piros","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2018.1429522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1429522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, I introduce the preliminary results of the archaeometrical investigation of fourth to fifth century AD harnesses of the Vor- und Frühgeschichte Museum in Berlin. The assemblage was originated from Hungary and included a pair of axe-shaped bronze/copper pendant from the bridle, covered with pressed, gilded silver plaque, as well as one piece of spoke-shaped horse bit with the similar type of ornamentation. This material was the subject of our investigation, focused on the way of the ornamentation, which can bring us closer to the problem of approximate determination of the analogies, provenance and the cultural effects that might have had an influence on the objects. To find out, we carried out a non-destructive element analysis with a Bruker’s XRF Tracer. According to the first results, some new information is available and a few earlier opinions can be refined.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"253 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78862084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-15DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1419659
N. Nerantzis, G. Sanidas, Benjamin Jagou, T. Kozelj, Konstantina Panoussi
ABSTRACT An important archaeometallurgical context dating to the Archaic period (700-480 BC) has been excavated at Thasos (Greece). In particular a pear-shaped metallurgical furnace was revealed while its fill and surrounding area was characterized by the abundant presence of slag, fragments of crucibles and furnace lining. Based on macroscopic examination and instrumental analysis it was shown that the slags and other waste products correspond to the melting and recycling of bronze. The significance of this finding is highlighted by the fact that the workshop is located within the urban core of Thasos. Based on the analytical results it could be suggested that bronze, containing lead was melted and recycled in crucibles at this workshop. Such ternary alloys were mostly used in bronze castings during this period. The results presented here contribute to a better understanding of certain metallurgical practices which were incorporated to the long technological tradition of Thasos.
{"title":"An Archaic metallurgical workshop in Thasos (Greece): the case of Charitopoulos plot","authors":"N. Nerantzis, G. Sanidas, Benjamin Jagou, T. Kozelj, Konstantina Panoussi","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1419659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1419659","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An important archaeometallurgical context dating to the Archaic period (700-480 BC) has been excavated at Thasos (Greece). In particular a pear-shaped metallurgical furnace was revealed while its fill and surrounding area was characterized by the abundant presence of slag, fragments of crucibles and furnace lining. Based on macroscopic examination and instrumental analysis it was shown that the slags and other waste products correspond to the melting and recycling of bronze. The significance of this finding is highlighted by the fact that the workshop is located within the urban core of Thasos. Based on the analytical results it could be suggested that bronze, containing lead was melted and recycled in crucibles at this workshop. Such ternary alloys were mostly used in bronze castings during this period. The results presented here contribute to a better understanding of certain metallurgical practices which were incorporated to the long technological tradition of Thasos.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"148 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88355899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-15DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2018.1479940
G. Bison, Lara Pozzan, S. Haghani, L. Anguilano
ABSTRACT This paper is a preliminary report on metallurgical activity detected in the Forum of the ancient city of Grumentum ( Basilicata, Italy). In the Late antique period, an area next to one of the most important temples of the square was turned into a metalworking structure, which has yielded a set of hearths, metallurgical remains, and some tools. The results of archaeometrical investigation on the debris are reported and discussed, together with a general analysis of the archaeological context, also in comparison with other similar evidence detected elsewhere in Italy.
{"title":"Metalworking Evidence from a Late Antique Context in the Forum of Grumentum","authors":"G. Bison, Lara Pozzan, S. Haghani, L. Anguilano","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2018.1479940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1479940","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is a preliminary report on metallurgical activity detected in the Forum of the ancient city of Grumentum ( Basilicata, Italy). In the Late antique period, an area next to one of the most important temples of the square was turned into a metalworking structure, which has yielded a set of hearths, metallurgical remains, and some tools. The results of archaeometrical investigation on the debris are reported and discussed, together with a general analysis of the archaeological context, also in comparison with other similar evidence detected elsewhere in Italy.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"79 7 1","pages":"220 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90935229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-15DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2018.1450131
B. Török, M. Benke, V. Mertinger, P. Barkóczy, Á. Kovács, K. Hoppál, Péter F. Kovács
ABSTRACT This work presents a complex metallographic examination of bronze, silver and golden artefacts from early medieval German (Gepid) cemeteries of the Hungarian Plain, focusing on the finds from Tiszapüspöki.A newly developed non-destructive X-ray diffraction method was applied on the artefacts for the first time, as a novel approach, for sampling-free residual stress measurements. Other techniques such as optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry has also been used. In addition to residual stress, crystallographic texture and properties of the reflections were analysed as well. The combined application of these methods was found to be an effective tool to deduce the production technologies of the examined artefacts. In addition to defining the characteristics of the material structures and compositions on the surfaces of the artefacts, the typical traces of several technological methods as casting, forming, coating were detected which are used for making various types of artefacts.
{"title":"Complex metallographic study on Gepid bronze and silver buckles from the Great Hungarian Plain (5-6th cent.)","authors":"B. Török, M. Benke, V. Mertinger, P. Barkóczy, Á. Kovács, K. Hoppál, Péter F. Kovács","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2018.1450131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1450131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work presents a complex metallographic examination of bronze, silver and golden artefacts from early medieval German (Gepid) cemeteries of the Hungarian Plain, focusing on the finds from Tiszapüspöki.A newly developed non-destructive X-ray diffraction method was applied on the artefacts for the first time, as a novel approach, for sampling-free residual stress measurements. Other techniques such as optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry has also been used. In addition to residual stress, crystallographic texture and properties of the reflections were analysed as well. The combined application of these methods was found to be an effective tool to deduce the production technologies of the examined artefacts. In addition to defining the characteristics of the material structures and compositions on the surfaces of the artefacts, the typical traces of several technological methods as casting, forming, coating were detected which are used for making various types of artefacts.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"245 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86457038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2018.1441696
Vasiliki A. Michalopoulou, P. Adam-Veleni, I. Karapanagiotis
ABSTRACT This study explores the authentication of a bronze statue by means of the evaluation of technical evidence and investigation of patinas formation. The statue was identified by the police as a product of illicit excavation and handed to the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki. The visual examination reveals technical features that are consistent with those commonly found on ancient bronze statues while the physicochemical character of the corrosion was in accordance with typical bronze corrosion mechanisms (decuprification). Original features like the metal microstructure were detected on the corrosion layers, showing the complexity and long lasting character of their formation. The metal composition was determined by XRF and the corrosion products were analysed by XRF and SEM-EDS. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A small bronze statue from the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki; exploring its authenticity","authors":"Vasiliki A. Michalopoulou, P. Adam-Veleni, I. Karapanagiotis","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2018.1441696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2018.1441696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study explores the authentication of a bronze statue by means of the evaluation of technical evidence and investigation of patinas formation. The statue was identified by the police as a product of illicit excavation and handed to the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki. The visual examination reveals technical features that are consistent with those commonly found on ancient bronze statues while the physicochemical character of the corrosion was in accordance with typical bronze corrosion mechanisms (decuprification). Original features like the metal microstructure were detected on the corrosion layers, showing the complexity and long lasting character of their formation. The metal composition was determined by XRF and the corrosion products were analysed by XRF and SEM-EDS. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"138 1","pages":"303 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74305954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1399332
R. Lehmann, D. Wengerowsky, H. Schmidt, M. Kumar, A. Niebur, B. Costa, F. Dencker, G. Klingelhöfer, R. Sindelar, F. Renz
ABSTRACT Material tests were performed on a rediscovered Klimt-artwork “Trompetender Putto”. We performed studies on the red colored spots, mainly taken from non-restored parts. MIMOS II Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy (novelty in art-pigment analysis) mainly reveals haematite and crystallized goethite in red colors. Electron microscopy can identify various layers of the original and overpainting of an artwork. The number of layers fluctuates between three and four chemically painted areas. The portable X-ray fluorescence analysis enables to reduce the pigment list to containing mercury (cinnabar), lead, zinc, iron and titanium. Infrared-light-irradiation visualizes the different age of the pigments.
对重新发现的克林姆特艺术作品“Trompetender Putto”进行了材料测试。我们对红色斑点进行了研究，主要取自未修复的部分。MIMOS II Fe-57 Mössbauer光谱(艺术颜料分析中的新颖性)主要显示红色的赤铁矿和结晶针铁矿。电子显微镜可以识别一件艺术品的原画和复画的不同层。层数在三到四个化学涂漆区域之间波动。便携式x射线荧光分析能够将颜料列表减少到含有汞(朱砂)，铅，锌，铁和钛。红外线照射可以看到不同年龄的色素。
{"title":"Klimt artwork: red-pigment material investigation by backscattering Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy, SEM and p-XRF","authors":"R. Lehmann, D. Wengerowsky, H. Schmidt, M. Kumar, A. Niebur, B. Costa, F. Dencker, G. Klingelhöfer, R. Sindelar, F. Renz","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1399332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1399332","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Material tests were performed on a rediscovered Klimt-artwork “Trompetender Putto”. We performed studies on the red colored spots, mainly taken from non-restored parts. MIMOS II Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy (novelty in art-pigment analysis) mainly reveals haematite and crystallized goethite in red colors. Electron microscopy can identify various layers of the original and overpainting of an artwork. The number of layers fluctuates between three and four chemically painted areas. The portable X-ray fluorescence analysis enables to reduce the pigment list to containing mercury (cinnabar), lead, zinc, iron and titanium. Infrared-light-irradiation visualizes the different age of the pigments.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"450 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77060480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-10DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1396723
D. Guirdzhiiska, B. Zlateva, Z. Glavcheva
ABSTRACT In order to gather information on the technological characteristics of the monochrome decorative wall plasters in some Thracian fresco tombs (4th -3rd centuries BC) found in South Bulgaria, several types of analyses have been carried out. Samples of red, yellow and white large wall-painted fields in different monuments, have been investigated using a combination of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to identify the organic components of the paint layer. The nature of the pigments has been determined both by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ATR-FTIR. The obtained results point towards the recognition of final polishing processes performed on still wet plaster. This technique of creating polished wall painted surfaces in combination with organic coatings (known as stucco lustro) is traditionally associated with the Pompean frescoes and the work of roman painters. Based on the technical examination, it can be assumed that in pre-roman time, the Hellenistic paint-craftsmen in Thrace inland were also familiar to this technique. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Polished Decorative Fields in Thracian Fresco Tombs from the Hellenistic period - Archaeometrical Research","authors":"D. Guirdzhiiska, B. Zlateva, Z. Glavcheva","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1396723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1396723","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In order to gather information on the technological characteristics of the monochrome decorative wall plasters in some Thracian fresco tombs (4th -3rd centuries BC) found in South Bulgaria, several types of analyses have been carried out. Samples of red, yellow and white large wall-painted fields in different monuments, have been investigated using a combination of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to identify the organic components of the paint layer. The nature of the pigments has been determined both by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ATR-FTIR. The obtained results point towards the recognition of final polishing processes performed on still wet plaster. This technique of creating polished wall painted surfaces in combination with organic coatings (known as stucco lustro) is traditionally associated with the Pompean frescoes and the work of roman painters. Based on the technical examination, it can be assumed that in pre-roman time, the Hellenistic paint-craftsmen in Thrace inland were also familiar to this technique. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"2003 1","pages":"428 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86245493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-31DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1395153
G. Tsairis, E. Palamara, N. Zacharias, M. Cosmopoulos
ABSTRACT The objective of the present study is to conduct a non-destructive characterisation analysis of three fresco fragments from Iklaina, southern Peloponnese, Greece, in order to identify their manufacture techniques. Furthermore, this study aims at using the results of the scientific and analytical analyses to produce accurate replicas of these fragments (use of similar composition mortars, pigments, and manufacture techniques), which can be used for the restoration program of the site. These replicas will be exhibited alongside the originals in the new Pylos Archaeological Museum. Due to the high archaeological value of the objects, the analytical approach we followed was completely non-destructive and was based on the parallel use of optical microscopy, p-XRF and SEM/EDS. The analyses suggest the use of Egyptian blue pigment for the backgrounds. The wavy black coil of hair was painted with an organic black pigment. The use of inorganic pigments has been revealed on the upper layers on the basis of the identification of minerals and rocks. The substrate of the wall paintings is made of aluminosilicate lime mortars. The results corroborate the suggestions of previous studies for the pigments comprising the Mycenaean artistic palette and provides further insight on the artistic and technological choices made by Mycenaean artists.
{"title":"A non-destructive technological study of three fresco fragments from Iklaina, Pylos, Greece","authors":"G. Tsairis, E. Palamara, N. Zacharias, M. Cosmopoulos","doi":"10.1080/20548923.2017.1395153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2017.1395153","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of the present study is to conduct a non-destructive characterisation analysis of three fresco fragments from Iklaina, southern Peloponnese, Greece, in order to identify their manufacture techniques. Furthermore, this study aims at using the results of the scientific and analytical analyses to produce accurate replicas of these fragments (use of similar composition mortars, pigments, and manufacture techniques), which can be used for the restoration program of the site. These replicas will be exhibited alongside the originals in the new Pylos Archaeological Museum. Due to the high archaeological value of the objects, the analytical approach we followed was completely non-destructive and was based on the parallel use of optical microscopy, p-XRF and SEM/EDS. The analyses suggest the use of Egyptian blue pigment for the backgrounds. The wavy black coil of hair was painted with an organic black pigment. The use of inorganic pigments has been revealed on the upper layers on the basis of the identification of minerals and rocks. The substrate of the wall paintings is made of aluminosilicate lime mortars. The results corroborate the suggestions of previous studies for the pigments comprising the Mycenaean artistic palette and provides further insight on the artistic and technological choices made by Mycenaean artists.","PeriodicalId":21858,"journal":{"name":"STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"418 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87534124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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