Abstract:Karl Jaspers considers four varieties of guilt—criminal, moral, metaphysical, and political—and whether Germans are collectively or individually guilty for the crimes of the Nazis. What influence did Jasper's thinking about guilt have on his former pupil Hannah Arendt? What was the impact of such thinking on the political development of Germany in the period after World War II and up to contemporary times?
{"title":"Varieties of German Guilt and Their Consequences: The Question of German Guilt, Karl Jaspers","authors":"Aryeh Neier","doi":"10.1353/sor.2022.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2022.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Karl Jaspers considers four varieties of guilt—criminal, moral, metaphysical, and political—and whether Germans are collectively or individually guilty for the crimes of the Nazis. What influence did Jasper's thinking about guilt have on his former pupil Hannah Arendt? What was the impact of such thinking on the political development of Germany in the period after World War II and up to contemporary times?","PeriodicalId":21868,"journal":{"name":"Social Research: An International Quarterly","volume":"31 6 1","pages":"409 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82755166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Frederick Bartlett's Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology offered a radical alternative to the century-old notion that memory was like a storehouse. Bartlett insisted that memories were not stored away, but were reconstructed on the run, with new rendering emerging with each act of reconstruction. As a result, psychologists should study not memory, but remembering, and focus on the social contexts in which remembering takes place. Recent work on deep learning and reconsolidation has provided substantial support for Bartlett's approach.
{"title":"Breaking from the Past: Bartlett's Role in Rethinking Memory: Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Frederic Bartlett","authors":"W. Hirst","doi":"10.1353/sor.2022.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2022.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Frederick Bartlett's Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology offered a radical alternative to the century-old notion that memory was like a storehouse. Bartlett insisted that memories were not stored away, but were reconstructed on the run, with new rendering emerging with each act of reconstruction. As a result, psychologists should study not memory, but remembering, and focus on the social contexts in which remembering takes place. Recent work on deep learning and reconsolidation has provided substantial support for Bartlett's approach.","PeriodicalId":21868,"journal":{"name":"Social Research: An International Quarterly","volume":"27 1","pages":"319 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89531744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:What can great fiction do that social sciences cannot? Social science's Individuals are abstract: not real, and thus fictional—shaped to explain outcomes. Explanation concludes a process of inquiry. Fiction, by contrast, is a process of exploration: opening up questions and generating puzzles, pursuing nuance and complexity. Ulysses abundantly exemplifies this. It depicts Dublin life ethnographically but in a distinctive way, as its participants experience it; and the book's hero Leopold Bloom is examined to show how this fictional figure eludes abstraction. Finally, Alfred Schutz's account of the "life-world," viewing individuals as "puppets" and through "typifications" is claimed to support the foregoing argument.
{"title":"Joyce's Ulysses: Social Science, Fiction, and Reality: Ulysses, James Joyce","authors":"S. Lukes","doi":"10.1353/sor.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:What can great fiction do that social sciences cannot? Social science's Individuals are abstract: not real, and thus fictional—shaped to explain outcomes. Explanation concludes a process of inquiry. Fiction, by contrast, is a process of exploration: opening up questions and generating puzzles, pursuing nuance and complexity. Ulysses abundantly exemplifies this. It depicts Dublin life ethnographically but in a distinctive way, as its participants experience it; and the book's hero Leopold Bloom is examined to show how this fictional figure eludes abstraction. Finally, Alfred Schutz's account of the \"life-world,\" viewing individuals as \"puppets\" and through \"typifications\" is claimed to support the foregoing argument.","PeriodicalId":21868,"journal":{"name":"Social Research: An International Quarterly","volume":"16 1","pages":"351 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84266785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay looks at India after the National Democratic Alliance returned to power in 2019. It focuses on the NDA’s second term, when vast changes to the country’s democratic framework were initiated and the Citizenship Amendment Act was passed, making xenophobia official. The dissenting role of what Gramsci termed the “organic intellectual”—a figure not of the intelligentsia, but in blue- or white-collar employment—is of special interest; so are the anti-CAA mass protests. The essay explores the cultural resources that allowed such expressions of resistance, going back to poetry, the Bhakti movement, and the importance given to rationality in protest by Indian religious and philosophical thinking.
{"title":"The Organic Intellectual, Mystical Poetry, and the Rationalist Tradition in India Today","authors":"A. Chaudhuri","doi":"10.1353/sor.2021.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2021.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay looks at India after the National Democratic Alliance returned to power in 2019. It focuses on the NDA’s second term, when vast changes to the country’s democratic framework were initiated and the Citizenship Amendment Act was passed, making xenophobia official. The dissenting role of what Gramsci termed the “organic intellectual”—a figure not of the intelligentsia, but in blue- or white-collar employment—is of special interest; so are the anti-CAA mass protests. The essay explores the cultural resources that allowed such expressions of resistance, going back to poetry, the Bhakti movement, and the importance given to rationality in protest by Indian religious and philosophical thinking.","PeriodicalId":21868,"journal":{"name":"Social Research: An International Quarterly","volume":"76 1","pages":"1011 - 973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73806363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Antisemitism is a continuous and present problem in Germany, as opinion polls, crime statistics, and the experience of Jews show. While the violent attack on a Halle synagogue in 2019 illustrates how anti-Muslim racism and antisemitism are intertwined, in contemporary discourse the two phenomena are often pitted against each other. This is also because current German debates about antisemitism are inevitably linked to migration, and the Israel-Palestinian conflict, as well as struggles over the role of Holocaust remembrance. Attempts at joint campaigning are often overshadowed by competition for victimhood and debates around an “imported antisemitism.”
{"title":"Anti-Muslim Racism, Post-Migration, and Holocaust Memory: Contours of Antisemitism in Germany Today","authors":"S. Arnold","doi":"10.1353/sor.2021.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2021.0050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Antisemitism is a continuous and present problem in Germany, as opinion polls, crime statistics, and the experience of Jews show. While the violent attack on a Halle synagogue in 2019 illustrates how anti-Muslim racism and antisemitism are intertwined, in contemporary discourse the two phenomena are often pitted against each other. This is also because current German debates about antisemitism are inevitably linked to migration, and the Israel-Palestinian conflict, as well as struggles over the role of Holocaust remembrance. Attempts at joint campaigning are often overshadowed by competition for victimhood and debates around an “imported antisemitism.”","PeriodicalId":21868,"journal":{"name":"Social Research: An International Quarterly","volume":"137 1","pages":"867 - 893"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77221504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Kurds, as the world’s largest stateless nation, are subjected to extreme violence, discrimination, hostility, and racism in contemporary Turkey. I formulate this around the concept of Turkish supremacy and explain how this supremacy is historically rooted, institutionally reinforced, and socially reproduced in the racist habitus of Turkey. Kurdophobia is integral to Turkish supremacy, which needs to invoke racism against Kurds to sustain its position.
{"title":"No Justice for Kurds: Turkish Supremacy and Kurdophobia","authors":"M. Kurt","doi":"10.1353/sor.2021.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2021.0052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Kurds, as the world’s largest stateless nation, are subjected to extreme violence, discrimination, hostility, and racism in contemporary Turkey. I formulate this around the concept of Turkish supremacy and explain how this supremacy is historically rooted, institutionally reinforced, and socially reproduced in the racist habitus of Turkey. Kurdophobia is integral to Turkish supremacy, which needs to invoke racism against Kurds to sustain its position.","PeriodicalId":21868,"journal":{"name":"Social Research: An International Quarterly","volume":"23 1","pages":"923 - 947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78072284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The global rise of xenophobia can hardly be detached from the global rise of populism. We define populism as the ideological instrument for the political program of morally unconstrained collective egoism. We show how this challenges liberal democracy, attempting to replace its legal-rational legitimacy basis with substantive-rational legitimacy. Collective egoism is explained in the context of the social psychology of populism. Then, we use the examples of two populist leaders—Viktor Orbán and Donald Trump—to illustrate the elements of populism. We conclude with a few thoughts about the inefficiency of fighting populism from a dogmatic liberal point of view.
{"title":"Populism as a Challenge to Legal-Rational Legitimacy: The Cases of Orbán and Trump","authors":"Bálint Madlovics, B. Magyar","doi":"10.1353/sor.2021.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2021.0048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The global rise of xenophobia can hardly be detached from the global rise of populism. We define populism as the ideological instrument for the political program of morally unconstrained collective egoism. We show how this challenges liberal democracy, attempting to replace its legal-rational legitimacy basis with substantive-rational legitimacy. Collective egoism is explained in the context of the social psychology of populism. Then, we use the examples of two populist leaders—Viktor Orbán and Donald Trump—to illustrate the elements of populism. We conclude with a few thoughts about the inefficiency of fighting populism from a dogmatic liberal point of view.","PeriodicalId":21868,"journal":{"name":"Social Research: An International Quarterly","volume":"14 1","pages":"827 - 855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74554390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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