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Awareness and Perception about Health Insurance among People at a Sub-metropolitan City of Nepal 尼泊尔某副大城市居民对医疗保险的认识和看法
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46507
Vijay Kumar Kapar, Laxmi Shah, Neha Sah, Poonam Shah
INTRODUCTION: Health insurance is a type of insurance coverage that pays for medical, surgical and sometimes dental expenses incurred by the insured. It reimburses the insured for expenses incurred from illness or injury or pays the case provider directly. The objective of this study is to determine awareness and perception about health insurance among people of Janakpurdham.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study, using simple random sampling among 400 participants was done at Janakpurdham. A semi structured questionnaire was used. Data was tabulated, categorized and was analyzed using statistical methods JASP version. Chi-square test was used to find out the association between the dependent and independent variables.RESULTS: In this research awareness about health insurance among respondents slightly more than one third 137(34.25%) were heard about health insurance and 293(73.25%) heard about health insurance scheme. Maximum number of respondents received information from friends 154(38.5%) followed by public media 127(31.7%) and few from newspaper 96(24.0%), and few from employment were 23 (5.8%). Higher Socio-economic status of the respondents were found to be significantly associated with more awareness on health insurance.CONCLUSIONS: Awareness about health insurance was satisfactory, but it did not lead to increased enrolment. There is a need to reinforce information, education and communication campaign about health insurance among the general population.
简介:健康保险是一种保险,支付被保险人的医疗、外科手术,有时还包括牙科费用。它报销被保险人因疾病或受伤而产生的费用或直接支付给案件提供者。本研究的目的是确定Janakpurdham人对健康保险的认识和看法。材料和方法:在Janakpurdham进行了一项横断面研究,对400名参与者进行了简单的随机抽样。采用半结构化问卷。采用统计学方法JASP版对数据进行制表、分类和分析。使用卡方检验找出因变量和自变量之间的相关性。结果:调查对象健康保险知晓率略高于三分之一(137人,34.25%),健康保险计划知晓率293人(73.25%)。从朋友处获得信息最多的有154人(38.5%),其次是公共媒体127人(31.7%),报纸96人(24.0%),从工作处获得信息较少的有23人(5.8%)。调查发现,应答者的社会经济地位越高,对健康保险的认识就越高。结论:对健康保险的认识是令人满意的,但并没有导致入学率的增加。有必要在普通民众中加强关于健康保险的信息、教育和宣传运动。
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引用次数: 0
Clinco-epidemologial Profile of Organophosphorus Poisoning at Provincial Hospital, Janakpurdham, Nepal 尼泊尔Janakpurdham省医院有机磷中毒的临床流行病学分析
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42944
S. K. Jha, Divyanshu Jha, M. Panday, M. Mahaseth
INTRODUCTION: Organophosphorus is one of the most common causes of poisoning worldwide. Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is a major public health problem in Nepal. This study was conducted to observe the epidemiological pattern and mortality in patients with OP poisoning admitted to provincial hospital Janakpurdham, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a retrospective study. All the consecutive poisoning cases due to op compound admitted through emergency either in the ward or ICU of the provincial hospital from 15 May 2020 to 15 November 2020 included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 160 cases of poisoning were admitted through emergency either in the medical ward or ICU of the provincial hospital. Out Of these 81 (51.63 %) was OP poisoning. Among 81 cases 51.85 % were male.70.37 % of cases were from the young adult group i.e., 15 to 30 years. 38.37 % were housewives. Among all included cases 43.20 % had consumed Methyl parathion (Metacid) followed by Phorate 24.69 %. 55 % of total cases were from Dhanusha district followed by Mahottari and Sarlahi. The mortality rate was 14.81 % of total admitted cases, with an average of 5.7 days of hospital stay in the recovered case. CONCLUSIONS: OP poisoning is a major public health problem in province 2. It affects mostly the young age population. Housewives are at more risk of poisoning. The mortality in patients with OP poisoning is high even if antidotes are available. Considering the common occurrence and full curability of the condition early arrival to the hospital, timely monitoring, and prompt management may help to reduce mortality. With strict laws on the provision of pesticide availability, the poisoning incidence can be decreased and by proper development of infrastructure and ICU facility mortality can be decreased.
简介:有机磷是世界范围内最常见的中毒原因之一。有机磷中毒是尼泊尔的一个主要公共卫生问题。本研究旨在观察尼泊尔Janakpurdham省医院住院的OP中毒患者的流行病学特征和死亡率。材料与方法:回顾性研究。所有从2020年5月15日至2020年11月15日在省医院病房或ICU急诊收治的op化合物连续中毒病例均纳入研究。结果:省立医院内科病房或ICU急诊收治中毒患者160例。其中81例(51.63%)为OP中毒。81例中男性占51.85%,15 ~ 30岁青壮年占70.37%。38.37%是家庭主妇。其中使用对硫磷甲酯的占43.20%,其次是磷酸酯24.69%。总病例的55%来自达努沙县,其次是Mahottari和Sarlahi。病死率为14.81%,康复病例平均住院时间5.7天。结论:OP中毒是2省重大公共卫生问题。它主要影响年轻人。家庭主妇中毒的风险更大。即使有解毒剂,OP中毒患者的死亡率也很高。考虑到早到医院的常见病和完全可治愈性,及时监测和及时处理可能有助于降低死亡率。通过严格的法律规定农药供应,可以降低中毒发生率,并通过适当发展基础设施和ICU设施来降低死亡率。
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引用次数: 0
Default in Tuberculosis Treatment among Women Registered in DOTS Center of Taplejung District, Nepal: A Descriptive Study 尼泊尔塔普勒戎地区DOTS中心登记的妇女结核病治疗失责:一项描述性研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46488
S. Chaudhary, Mausam Karn, Sandip Nayong, V. Sah, Vijay Kumar Kapar, Rakesh Yadav, Ramji Yadav, P. Yadav
INTRODUCTION: Default is one of the unfavourable outcomes for patients on DOTS and represents an important challenge for the control program. Therefore, this study was designed to assess default in tuberculosis (TB) treatment among women registered in DOTS center at Taplejung District of Nepal.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Taplejung district of Nepal in thethe year 2016. Records of TB patients from all DOTS centre for one year were obtained and treatment default cases for women were identified. Face to face interview was conducted by using semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from the patients. The data were entered and analyzed in MS Excel software.RESULTS: Out of total 30 female TB patients, 72.0% of respondents belonged to the age group of 15-49 years where as 73.3% of the respondents were Kirat and from Dalit caste ethnicity. Less than half of the respondents (48.0%) thought, feeling better after medication, was the reason for default TB. A second major cause for default in tuberculosis treatment was distance to reach DOTS center (12.0%) and lack of food at home (10.0%). Likewise, few respondents said lack of family support (6.7%), thinking about side effects (6.7%), medicine not working (3.3%) and stigma (6.7%) were the reasons for the default in tuberculosis treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the respondents left treatment because they felt better after medication. A second major reason for default in TB treatment was distance to reach DOTS center. The findings may be helpful in planning modifications in DOTS program of Nepal.
导言:治疗失败是直接督导下短程化疗患者的不利结果之一,也是控制项目面临的一个重要挑战。因此,本研究旨在评估在尼泊尔Taplejung地区DOTS中心登记的妇女结核病(TB)治疗的违约情况。材料和方法:2016年在尼泊尔塔普勒戎地区进行了一项描述性横断面研究。获得了所有DOTS中心一年的结核病患者记录,并确定了未接受治疗的妇女病例。采用半结构式问卷进行面对面访谈,收集患者资料。在MS Excel软件中进行数据录入和分析。结果:在30例女性结核病患者中,72.0%的受访者年龄在15-49岁之间,其中73.3%的受访者为基拉特和达利特种姓。不到一半(48.0%)的受访者认为,服药后感觉好转是默认结核病的原因。结核病治疗失败的第二个主要原因是距离DOTS中心太远(12.0%)和家中缺乏食物(10.0%)。同样,很少有受访者表示缺乏家庭支持(6.7%)、考虑副作用(6.7%)、药物不起作用(3.3%)和耻辱感(6.7%)是结核病治疗默认的原因。结论:大部分受访患者因服药后感觉好转而退出治疗。结核病治疗失败的第二个主要原因是距离直接督导下的短程化疗中心很远。研究结果可为尼泊尔短程化疗方案的修改提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in Routine Blood Tests in COVID-19: A Case at Janaki Medical College 新冠肺炎患者血液常规检查的变化:Janaki医学院一例
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46519
S. Prakash
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus, which has resulted in a worldwide media attention and public alarm. COVID-19 has a wide variety of clinical features, ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild to severe pneumonia. Different laboratory parameters get altered in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, biochemical investigations are important to assess the progression of the disease and categorize patients that may present a severe and/or fatal clinical condition.CASE PRESENTATION: The present case shows a 56-year-old male, without any significant medical history or comorbidities, suddenly developed fever and shortness of breath returning home attending a marriage ceremony at his village. He had the history of traveling but unaware about COVID-19 prone areas or with a direct contact of COVID-19 positive patients. The patient was primarily treated with medicines at home on telephonic consultation by physician but, didn’t recover. During hospitalisation, his chest X-ray revealed ground-glass opacity in the right middle and lower zone of the lung. He was tested RT-PCR positive after X-ray.CONCLUSIONS: This case study concludes with lower levels of WBCs, Hb, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The liver function tests were altered as well as renal impairment was common. The patient was encouraged to maintain home quarantine for at least 14 days after treatment. COVID-19 patient’s prognosis may be improved by monitoring haematological and biochemical changes.
导语:COVID-19是由SARSCoV-2病毒引起的一种传染病,引起了全世界媒体的关注和公众的警惕。COVID-19具有多种临床特征,从无症状感染到轻度至重度肺炎。不同的实验室参数在COVID-19患者中会发生改变。因此,生化检查对于评估疾病的进展和对可能出现严重和/或致命临床状况的患者进行分类是重要的。病例描述:本病例显示一名56岁男性,无任何重大病史或合并症,在参加其所在村庄的婚礼回家时突然出现发烧和呼吸短促。有旅行史,但不知道COVID-19易发地区或直接接触过COVID-19阳性患者。患者主要在家中接受医生电话咨询的药物治疗,但没有康复。住院期间,他的胸部x光片显示右肺中下区有磨玻璃影。经x线检查为RT-PCR阳性。结论:本病例研究的结论是白细胞、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞水平较低。肝功能检查改变,肾功能损害也很常见。鼓励患者在治疗后至少保持14天的家庭隔离。监测血液学和生化变化可改善患者预后。
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引用次数: 0
Madhesh Institute of Health Sciences (MIHS): A Dream Project of Medical Science in Province 2, Nepal Madhesh卫生科学研究所(MIHS):尼泊尔第二省医学科学梦想项目
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42962
K. Yadav
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Uropathogens causing Urinary Tract Infection in Patients attending Provincial Hospital, Janakpurdham, Nepal 尼泊尔Janakpurdham省医院患者尿路感染的细菌尿路病原体的抗生素敏感性模式
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46496
S. K. Jha, S. Thakur, L. Yadav, Juni Kumari
INTRODUCTION: Distribution and susceptibility of UTI-causing pathogen varies according to place and time. Area specific monitoring studies, aimed to gain knowledge about the type of uropathogens and their susceptibility pattern, help clinicians choose the correct empirical treatment and reduce antibiotic resistance as well as treatment time and financial burden.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out in provincial hospital, Madhesh province, Janakpurdham, Nepal from May 2021 to September 2021. Urine samples from 450 clinically suspected cases of UTI were collected and tested bacteriologically following standard procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines.RESULTS: Of 450 urine samples,110(24.4%) showed significant bacterial growth. E. coli 57(51.82%) was the most common isolated followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa18(16.36%). Most of the isolates were sensitive to Amikacin (AK), Amoxycillin Clavulanic Acid(AMC), Nitrofurantoin (NIT) whereas most of the gram positive and gram-negative isolates were resistant to Cefixime (CFM), Ampicillin (AMP), Cotrimoxazole (COT).CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant uropathogens and AMC is the most effective antibiotic. Most isolates were resistant to Cefixime (CFM), Ampicillin (AMP) and Cotrimoxazole (COT). The presence of highly resistive bacterial isolates, to some of the commonly prescribed drugs, limits the antibiotic prescription options. Drug resistance pattern is an ever-evolving process then isolates become resistant to commonly used drugs. So, frequent surveillance studies are conducted to update clinicians on effectiveness of empirical treatment for UTI.
导读:引起尿路感染的病原体的分布和易感性因地点和时间而异。区域特异性监测研究旨在了解尿路病原菌类型及其药敏模式,帮助临床医生选择正确的经验性治疗,减少抗生素耐药性,减少治疗时间和经济负担。材料和方法:于2021年5月至2021年9月在尼泊尔Janakpurdham Madhesh省的省级医院进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。收集450例临床疑似尿路感染病例的尿液样本,并按照标准程序进行细菌学检测。按照临床实验室标准协会(CLSI)指南,采用纸片扩散法进行抗生素敏感性试验。结果:450份尿样中,110份(24.4%)有明显细菌生长。大肠杆菌57(51.82%)最多,铜绿假单胞菌18(16.36%)次之。大多数分离株对阿米卡星(AK)、阿莫西林克拉维酸(AMC)、呋喃妥因(NIT)敏感,而革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性分离株对头孢克肟(CFM)、氨苄西林(AMP)、复方新诺明(COT)耐药。结论:本研究显示大肠杆菌是泌尿系主要病原菌,AMC是最有效的抗生素。多数分离株对头孢克肟(CFM)、氨苄西林(AMP)和复方新诺明(COT)耐药。对一些常用药物具有高度耐药性的分离细菌的存在,限制了抗生素处方的选择。耐药模式是一个不断演变的过程,分离株对常用药物产生耐药性。因此,经常进行监测研究,以使临床医生了解尿路感染经验治疗的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Relation between ABO blood group and Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with peptic ulcer disease at Provincial Hospital: A cross sectional study 省立医院消化性溃疡患者ABO血型与幽门螺杆菌感染关系的横断面研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42958
M. Mahaseth, Gaurang Mishra, Sanjeet Jha, M. Pandey, G. Yadav, Gautam Sah
INTRODUCTION: To document the potential relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori), ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups in affected individuals with peptic ulcer disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, research was accomplished from February 2021 to May 2021 among individuals experiencing dyspeptic conditions visiting Endoscopy Unit of Janakpur Provincial Hospital. All the patients were investigated for their blood group phenotype and Rhesus dependent through slide hemagglutination test. Also all the patients went through esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in order to identify peptic ulcer disease. Gastric biopsies were acquired and evaluated for H. pylori through urease test. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients were registered in this study, which included 49 males and 54 females with a mean age of 15-77 years. H. pylori was found positive in 75(72.8%) cases and negative in 28 (27.2%) cases, Blood group A, B, AB and O were found in 19.4%, 33.0%, 13.6%, and 34.0% of the patients respectively. Relatively higher prevalence of H. pylori was found in each blood groups O (33.3%) and B (33.3%) compared to blood group A (20.1%) and AB (13.3%). However, association of ABO blood group and prevalence of H. pylori was found to be insignificant (p=0.991). CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that B blood group people were more prone to H. pylori infection. Our study revealed that H. pylori contamination was definitely an endemic issue, which needs to be handled by enhancing hygiene, supply of filtered water and in addition other measures for its elimination. Further meticulous studies are needed to establish relationship between blood type and H. pylori contamination in different age groups.
目的:研究消化性溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌感染(H. pylori)、ABO血型和恒河猴血型(Rh)之间的潜在关系。材料和方法:这项横断面研究于2021年2月至2021年5月在贾纳克普尔省医院内窥镜科就诊的消化不良患者中完成。通过玻片血凝试验检测患者的血型表型和恒河猴依赖性。所有患者均行食管胃十二指肠镜检查(EGD)以确定消化性溃疡。胃活检并通过脲酶试验评估幽门螺杆菌。结果:本研究共纳入103例患者,其中男性49例,女性54例,平均年龄15 ~ 77岁。幽门螺杆菌阳性75例(72.8%),阴性28例(27.2%),A、B、AB、O型血分别占19.4%、33.0%、13.6%、34.0%。与A型血(20.1%)和AB型血(13.3%)相比,O型血(33.3%)和B型血(33.3%)的幽门螺杆菌患病率相对较高。而ABO血型与幽门螺杆菌患病率的相关性不显著(p=0.991)。结论:B血型人群更易发生幽门螺杆菌感染。我们的研究表明,幽门螺杆菌污染绝对是一个地方性问题,需要通过加强卫生、供应过滤水和其他消除措施来处理。血型与不同年龄组幽门螺杆菌感染之间的关系有待进一步细致的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change: A Rising Menace to Public Health 气候变化:对公众健康的日益严重的威胁
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46342
J. Singh
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引用次数: 0
The Ambassador of Israel to Nepal at Janaki Medical College: A Glimpse 以色列驻尼泊尔大使在Janaki医学院:一瞥
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46528
Satya Prakash
Not Available
不可用
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引用次数: 0
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MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences
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