Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46518
K. Jha, P. S. Rajput
INTRODUCTION: In January 2016, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS) began providing blood bank services to the Red Cross Society of Jumla. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most prevalent blood group in the study area. We must know the blood group based on the demand for blood in order to store the most common blood group and compile a donor list. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study was done between 1 June 2021 and 30 November 2021 at KAHS JUMLA. We are required to donate whole blood to various departments at Karnali Academy of Health Science (KAHS), Jumla. Blood group and socio-demographic profile was collected. Descriptive analysis performed using Excel software. RESULTS: Out of 500 transfusion units dispatched, 416 (83.2%) were male and 84(16.8%) were female. Out of 500 units of blood, most common blood group is A +ve which was 175 and 2nd most common blood group was O+ve which was 115 (23.0%) followed by B+ve which was 111 (22.2%).The rarest blood group was B-ve which is 5 (1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common blood group demand by patient was B +ve. The most frequent demand came from gynecological department followed by surgery and orthopaedics department. Hence, the findings may help for the planning and storing the required amount of blood by blood group for KASH to meet the future demand.
{"title":"Blood Bank Service: An Experience at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, Nepal","authors":"K. Jha, P. S. Rajput","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46518","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: In January 2016, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS) began providing blood bank services to the Red Cross Society of Jumla. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most prevalent blood group in the study area. We must know the blood group based on the demand for blood in order to store the most common blood group and compile a donor list.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study was done between 1 June 2021 and 30 November 2021 at KAHS JUMLA. We are required to donate whole blood to various departments at Karnali Academy of Health Science (KAHS), Jumla. Blood group and socio-demographic profile was collected. Descriptive analysis performed using Excel software.\u0000RESULTS: Out of 500 transfusion units dispatched, 416 (83.2%) were male and 84(16.8%) were female. Out of 500 units of blood, most common blood group is A +ve which was 175 and 2nd most common blood group was O+ve which was 115 (23.0%) followed by B+ve which was 111 (22.2%).The rarest blood group was B-ve which is 5 (1.0%).\u0000CONCLUSIONS: The most common blood group demand by patient was B +ve. The most frequent demand came from gynecological department followed by surgery and orthopaedics department. Hence, the findings may help for the planning and storing the required amount of blood by blood group for KASH to meet the future demand.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125979447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46365
S. Sah, Nivedita Pandey, D. Chaudhary, S. Ghosh, S. Yadav
INTRODUCTION: The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body which develops within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The patellar ligament is the continuation of distal part of the quadriceps femoris which finally ranges from the tip of patella to the tibial tuberosity of the tibia. The objectives of the study was to establish the morphometry of the Patella and Patellar ligament in correlation with gender and prevalence of types of patella. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted at the department of Anatomy of Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal from Jan 2018 to June 2021. Twenty-six well embalmed adult cadavers (n=52) of known sex (13 Females and 13 Males) without any gross damage to the lower limbs were considered for the study. RESULTS: Out of the 52 limbs studied, the mean value of the length of patella, width of patella, thickness of patella in male were respectively 36.23±4.20mm, 37.15±6.09mm, 17.00±1.87mm. In female the values were 33.53±4.80mm, 34.53±6.07mm, 16.00±1.95mm which are highly significantly (p<0.005). In contrast it was also observed that the length of patellar ligament did not showed the significance differences between the male 45.92mm and female 44.92mm (p>0.05). So from here we can conclude that the morphometry of the patella plays an important role in the gender determination. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data will be useful for the Comparative anatomy, Anthropology, Forensic Science and Evolutionary biology, anthropological records in context of Nepal and reference for the Orthopaedic surgeons in conducting the Knee replacement surgery as well.
{"title":"Morphometric Analysis of Patella and Patellar Ligament in the Cadavers of Nepalese Origin","authors":"S. Sah, Nivedita Pandey, D. Chaudhary, S. Ghosh, S. Yadav","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46365","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body which develops within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The patellar ligament is the continuation of distal part of the quadriceps femoris which finally ranges from the tip of patella to the tibial tuberosity of the tibia. The objectives of the study was to establish the morphometry of the Patella and Patellar ligament in correlation with gender and prevalence of types of patella.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted at the department of Anatomy of Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal from Jan 2018 to June 2021. Twenty-six well embalmed adult cadavers (n=52) of known sex (13 Females and 13 Males) without any gross damage to the lower limbs were considered for the study.\u0000RESULTS: Out of the 52 limbs studied, the mean value of the length of patella, width of patella, thickness of patella in male were respectively 36.23±4.20mm, 37.15±6.09mm, 17.00±1.87mm. In female the values were 33.53±4.80mm, 34.53±6.07mm, 16.00±1.95mm which are highly significantly (p<0.005). In contrast it was also observed that the length of patellar ligament did not showed the significance differences between the male 45.92mm and female 44.92mm (p>0.05). So from here we can conclude that the morphometry of the patella plays an important role in the gender determination.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data will be useful for the Comparative anatomy, Anthropology, Forensic Science and Evolutionary biology, anthropological records in context of Nepal and reference for the Orthopaedic surgeons in conducting the Knee replacement surgery as well.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127868322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42955
Mahendra Giri, S. Pandit, Hari Prasad Oli, Sujata Giri
INTRODUCTION: Oral health problems of school children are one of the most common health related problem in the world. The prevalence of dental caries is significantly higher in school children. In Nepal, the morbidity of dental caries is very high among school children compared to other age groups. Dental caries is neglected at initial stages in children, but when the disease becomes progressive the treatment options being one of the most expensive and unaffordable. This study sought to identity the prevalence and associated risk factors of dental caries among basic school children age group from 6-12 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study design was carried out among school children. . A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and face to face interview method was used to collect information from two public schools and two private schools of Kathmandu metropolitan City. Purposive sampling technique was applied. DMFT (Decayed, Missed, Filled, Teeth) index was adopted to measure mixed dentition, and also to assess the oral health status of school children. The collected data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS-20. RESULTS: Among 274 participants, there were equal number of female and male students (Female: 137, Male: 137), likewise the number of participants from public and private school was also equal. The prevalence of dental caries among school children was found to be 55.84% and there was significant association between frequency of brushing with dental caries (p=0.001). 176 (64.2%) of the participants consumed normal food, 56 (20.4%) consumed junk food and 39 (14.2%) consumed spicy food. The consumption of different food types played a significant role in the occurrence of dental caries. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of brushing and types of food consumption are significantly associated with the higher prevalence of dental caries among school children. Regular dental check-up and good brushing practice can reduce the prevalence of dental caries in school children. Hence, continuous oral health programs including demonstration of proper brushing technique along with oral health awareness programs at school can help to reduce the burden of dental caries among school children.
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dental Caries among Basic School Children in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Mahendra Giri, S. Pandit, Hari Prasad Oli, Sujata Giri","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42955","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Oral health problems of school children are one of the most common health related problem in the world. The prevalence of dental caries is significantly higher in school children. In Nepal, the morbidity of dental caries is very high among school children compared to other age groups. Dental caries is neglected at initial stages in children, but when the disease becomes progressive the treatment options being one of the most expensive and unaffordable. This study sought to identity the prevalence and associated risk factors of dental caries among basic school children age group from 6-12 years. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study design was carried out among school children. . A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and face to face interview method was used to collect information from two public schools and two private schools of Kathmandu metropolitan City. Purposive sampling technique was applied. DMFT (Decayed, Missed, Filled, Teeth) index was adopted to measure mixed dentition, and also to assess the oral health status of school children. The collected data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS-20. \u0000RESULTS: Among 274 participants, there were equal number of female and male students (Female: 137, Male: 137), likewise the number of participants from public and private school was also equal. The prevalence of dental caries among school children was found to be 55.84% and there was significant association between frequency of brushing with dental caries (p=0.001). 176 (64.2%) of the participants consumed normal food, 56 (20.4%) consumed junk food and 39 (14.2%) consumed spicy food. The consumption of different food types played a significant role in the occurrence of dental caries. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of brushing and types of food consumption are significantly associated with the higher prevalence of dental caries among school children. Regular dental check-up and good brushing practice can reduce the prevalence of dental caries in school children. Hence, continuous oral health programs including demonstration of proper brushing technique along with oral health awareness programs at school can help to reduce the burden of dental caries among school children.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132701522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46491
Umesh Gautam, Aitawari Chaudhari, Mahendra Giri, Kabita Khanal, A. Jha
INTRODUCTION: Most authorities agree that the control of JE requires universal childhood immunization. JE (Japanese Encephalitis) vaccination in routine immunization coverage is low and fluctuating sometimes in Nepal. Therefore, this study conducted to understand the factors associated with the low coverage of JE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among children in routine immunization in Birendranagar Municipality of Nepal. Mix methods were applied to gather information from the respondents. Lottery method was used to select wards and respondents were selected randomly based on Proportionate to Population Size (PPS). Face to face interview was done with the help of structured questionnaire to the mother of children. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: Among 321 respondents of the study, the mean age of mothers of 15-44 years was 26.3 ± 4.4 years. It was found that, 20.9% (n=67) of mothers had heard about JE disease however only 15% (n=48) of the mothers had heard about JE vaccine. About 38.3% (n=123) of the mothers, reported that Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV) were the major source of information. This study reported that the coverage of JE vaccine was 52.3% (n=168), and average age of receiving JE vaccine was 13±1.4 months. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study recommends that focused program should be conducted to increase the knowledge of mothers and FCHV and health workers should be mobilized as major source of information for vaccination.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination Status during Routine Immunization among Children Aged 24-59 Months in Birendranagar Municipality, Nepal","authors":"Umesh Gautam, Aitawari Chaudhari, Mahendra Giri, Kabita Khanal, A. Jha","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46491","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Most authorities agree that the control of JE requires universal childhood immunization. JE (Japanese Encephalitis) vaccination in routine immunization coverage is low and fluctuating sometimes in Nepal. Therefore, this study conducted to understand the factors associated with the low coverage of JE. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among children in routine immunization in Birendranagar Municipality of Nepal. Mix methods were applied to gather information from the respondents. Lottery method was used to select wards and respondents were selected randomly based on Proportionate to Population Size (PPS). Face to face interview was done with the help of structured questionnaire to the mother of children. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. \u0000RESULTS: Among 321 respondents of the study, the mean age of mothers of 15-44 years was 26.3 ± 4.4 years. It was found that, 20.9% (n=67) of mothers had heard about JE disease however only 15% (n=48) of the mothers had heard about JE vaccine. About 38.3% (n=123) of the mothers, reported that Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV) were the major source of information. This study reported that the coverage of JE vaccine was 52.3% (n=168), and average age of receiving JE vaccine was 13±1.4 months. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study recommends that focused program should be conducted to increase the knowledge of mothers and FCHV and health workers should be mobilized as major source of information for vaccination.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132929724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46492
N. Yadav, R. Jha, R. Yadav, O. Yadav
INTRODUCTION: Wound infection is common across all sex and age groups whichare responsible for significant human mortality and morbidity worldwide.Therefore, the objectives of this study were designed towards isolation and identification of bacteria involved in wound sepsis at Provincial hospital of Madhesh Pradesh, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 samples were collected from patients of different age groups of both male and female at provincial hospital,Madhesh Pradesh, NepalThe samples were transferred immediately and processed in the microbiology laboratory at Model Multiple College, Janakpurdham. Characterization and identification of the obtained bacteria was based on standard microbiological methods. RESULTS: Out of 45 samples 40 (88.89%) showed bacterial growth. Among the isolates Staphylococcus aureus were present in 15(37.5%), Pseudomonas aureogenosaein 7(17.5%), E.coli in 09(22.50%), and Streptococcus pyogenes in 09 (22.5%) of the total isolated samples. CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus aureusin wound infections was found to be dominant.
{"title":"Characterization of Bacterial isolates from Wound Infections","authors":"N. Yadav, R. Jha, R. Yadav, O. Yadav","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46492","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Wound infection is common across all sex and age groups whichare responsible for significant human mortality and morbidity worldwide.Therefore, the objectives of this study were designed towards isolation and identification of bacteria involved in wound sepsis at Provincial hospital of Madhesh Pradesh, Nepal. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 samples were collected from patients of different age groups of both male and female at provincial hospital,Madhesh Pradesh, NepalThe samples were transferred immediately and processed in the microbiology laboratory at Model Multiple College, Janakpurdham. Characterization and identification of the obtained bacteria was based on standard microbiological methods. \u0000RESULTS: Out of 45 samples 40 (88.89%) showed bacterial growth. Among the isolates Staphylococcus aureus were present in 15(37.5%), Pseudomonas aureogenosaein 7(17.5%), E.coli in 09(22.50%), and Streptococcus pyogenes in 09 (22.5%) of the total isolated samples. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus aureusin wound infections was found to be dominant.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130852260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42918
D. Joshi, Umesh Neupane, Roshan Chitrakar
INTRODUCTION: Utilization of digital devices create some problems for users, such as, mental disorder, visual problems, headache, weight gain and unnecessary time consumption. Therefore, this study aims to identify the information about the practices on the use of digital devices, its impact on physical health and pattern of self-care among the university students involved in different professions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MPhil scholars involved in different professions (n= 315) of Nepal Open University (NOU) had participated in this cross-sectional online survey during January 2019 to August 2019. Multivariable analysis was employed to obtain rate ratios and chi-square test was used for the association of the use of digital devices with physical health problems. RESULTS: Socio-demographic factors like age was significantly associated with neck pain (p=0.02) and stiffness in hands/arms (p=0.04), while profession was associated with weight gain and difficulty in sleep (p=0.04). Moreover, the use of tablets or taking tea or coffee during the use of digital devices was associated with headache among university students (p=0.05) with small effect sizes. Additionally, we found that headache (p< 0.001), and weight gain (p= 0.01) were significantly associated with the daily use of computer and TV respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Physical health problems among the subjects who used computers and TV were relatively high as compared to the subjects who used laptops. Self-care measures taken by participants for physical health problems involved the use of medicine and meditation.
{"title":"Physical Health Problems and Patterns of Self-Care Associated with the Use of Digital Devices among University Students","authors":"D. Joshi, Umesh Neupane, Roshan Chitrakar","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42918","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Utilization of digital devices create some problems for users, such as, mental disorder, visual problems, headache, weight gain and unnecessary time consumption. Therefore, this study aims to identify the information about the practices on the use of digital devices, its impact on physical health and pattern of self-care among the university students involved in different professions. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: MPhil scholars involved in different professions (n= 315) of Nepal Open University (NOU) had participated in this cross-sectional online survey during January 2019 to August 2019. Multivariable analysis was employed to obtain rate ratios and chi-square test was used for the association of the use of digital devices with physical health problems. \u0000RESULTS: Socio-demographic factors like age was significantly associated with neck pain (p=0.02) and stiffness in hands/arms (p=0.04), while profession was associated with weight gain and difficulty in sleep (p=0.04). Moreover, the use of tablets or taking tea or coffee during the use of digital devices was associated with headache among university students (p=0.05) with small effect sizes. Additionally, we found that headache (p< 0.001), and weight gain (p= 0.01) were significantly associated with the daily use of computer and TV respectively. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Physical health problems among the subjects who used computers and TV were relatively high as compared to the subjects who used laptops. Self-care measures taken by participants for physical health problems involved the use of medicine and meditation.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126768682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46506
K. Yadav, Raman Mishra, B. Yadav, S. Uprety, N. Jha
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes was considered the disease of affluent and imposes a significant burden on the health services. The modalities of diabetes therapies are different in different parts of the world. However, studies regarding public or private healthcare utilization are lacking in Nepal. Therefore, this study was designed to assess public private health care facility utilization among diabetic people in an urban area of Ithari, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Itahari, Submetropolitan of Sunsari district in the Koshi zone of Nepal from September 2017 - September 2018. The study population included 221 participants of age 25 years and above, diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes. Multi-stage proportionate random sampling method was adopted to select the participants. Chi square test was applied to find out the association and p<0.05 is considered significant. RESULTS: Out of the total (221) participants, 55.7% were aged 45-64 years with male of 50.2%. Higher proportion of participants above poverty line (79.7%) were used private healthcare facilities. Among the participants those reported less or equal to two hours waiting time, majority (90.8%) had gone to private healthcare facilities, whereas those reported more than two hours waiting time, majority (70.8%) had gone to public healthcare facilities for the treatment which was found statistically significant (p=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: Maximum participants prefer private health care services as compared to government health services for their treatment. Therefore, additional community based studies are needed to include larger study populations in order to help healthcare providers develop proper health care programs for these patients.
{"title":"Public Private Health Care Facility Utilization among Diabetic People in an Urban Area: A Descriptive Study","authors":"K. Yadav, Raman Mishra, B. Yadav, S. Uprety, N. Jha","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46506","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Diabetes was considered the disease of affluent and imposes a significant burden on the health services. The modalities of diabetes therapies are different in different parts of the world. However, studies regarding public or private healthcare utilization are lacking in Nepal. Therefore, this study was designed to assess public private health care facility utilization among diabetic people in an urban area of Ithari, Nepal.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Itahari, Submetropolitan of Sunsari district in the Koshi zone of Nepal from September 2017 - September 2018. The study population included 221 participants of age 25 years and above, diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes. Multi-stage proportionate random sampling method was adopted to select the participants. Chi square test was applied to find out the association and p<0.05 is considered significant. RESULTS: Out of the total (221) participants, 55.7% were aged 45-64 years with male of 50.2%. Higher proportion of participants above poverty line (79.7%) were used private healthcare facilities. Among the participants those reported less or equal to two hours waiting time, majority (90.8%) had gone to private healthcare facilities, whereas those reported more than two hours waiting time, majority (70.8%) had gone to public healthcare facilities for the treatment which was found statistically significant (p=0.0002).\u0000CONCLUSIONS: Maximum participants prefer private health care services as compared to government health services for their treatment. Therefore, additional community based studies are needed to include larger study populations in order to help healthcare providers develop proper health care programs for these patients.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116400348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: Assorted beauty products such as skin care products, hair products, fragrances and nail products that may contain toxic chemicals and that can be harmful to health are especially used by women. The objective of this study was to assess the utilization of cosmetics and its knowledge among intermediate level female students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Public Youth Campus, Janakpurdham using descriptive cross-sectional study design. Purposive sampling technique was used. Intermediate level female students were included in the study. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Version 23. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out to find out frequency and association between socio-demographic variables, and knowledge regarding the effects of cosmetics utilization. RESULTS: The study revealed that 53.8% of respondents had started using cosmetics at the age of 12-16 years, 20% of respondents had started using cosmetics at the age of 16-20 years, whereas 26.3% had started using cosmetics before the age of 12. Moreover, 68.8% of respondents believed that long-term usage of cosmetic products was beneficial whereas 31.2% of respondents had experienced the adverse effects of cosmetics utilization. Additionally, 28.7% of respondents had a high level of knowledge regarding cosmetics utilization. CONCLUSIONS: The study found that the knowledge regarding the effect of cosmetics utilization was moderate among the respondents. It was also found that the adverse effects of cosmetic use lead to allergic reactions and skin discoloration upon long term usage of cosmetic products. Health education program to the target population is crucial with focus on cosmetic use and its adverse effects on health.
导言:各种各样的美容产品，如护肤品、护发产品、香水和指甲产品，可能含有有毒化学物质，可能对健康有害，尤其是女性使用。摘要本研究旨在了解中级女生化妆品的使用情况及相关知识。材料和方法:本研究在Janakpurdham的公共青年校园进行，采用描述性横断面研究设计。采用目的抽样技术。本研究以中级女生为研究对象。使用IBM SPSS Version 23对数据进行分析。描述性和推断性分析进行了找出频率和社会人口变量之间的关联，以及关于化妆品使用的影响的知识。结果:调查显示，53.8%的受访者在12-16岁开始使用化妆品，20%的受访者在16-20岁开始使用化妆品，而26.3%的受访者在12岁之前开始使用化妆品。此外，68.8%的受访者认为长期使用化妆品是有益的，而31.2%的受访者经历过化妆品使用的不良影响。此外，28.7%的受访者对化妆品的使用有较高的了解。结论:研究发现，被调查者对化妆品使用效果的认知程度一般。研究还发现，长期使用化妆品会导致过敏反应和皮肤变色。对目标人群的健康教育计划至关重要，重点是化妆品的使用及其对健康的不利影响。
{"title":"Cosmetics utilization and its Knowledge among Intermediate Level Female Students of Public Youth Campus, Janakpurdham","authors":"Laxmi Shah, Prativa Shah, Mahendra Giri, Shreekrishna Giri","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46497","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Assorted beauty products such as skin care products, hair products, fragrances and nail products that may contain toxic chemicals and that can be harmful to health are especially used by women. The objective of this study was to assess the utilization of cosmetics and its knowledge among intermediate level female students.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Public Youth Campus, Janakpurdham using descriptive cross-sectional study design. Purposive sampling technique was used. Intermediate level female students were included in the study. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Version 23. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out to find out frequency and association between socio-demographic variables, and knowledge regarding the effects of cosmetics utilization.\u0000RESULTS: The study revealed that 53.8% of respondents had started using cosmetics at the age of 12-16 years, 20% of respondents had started using cosmetics at the age of 16-20 years, whereas 26.3% had started using cosmetics before the age of 12. Moreover, 68.8% of respondents believed that long-term usage of cosmetic products was beneficial whereas 31.2% of respondents had experienced the adverse effects of cosmetics utilization. Additionally, 28.7% of respondents had a high level of knowledge regarding cosmetics utilization.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: The study found that the knowledge regarding the effect of cosmetics utilization was moderate among the respondents. It was also found that the adverse effects of cosmetic use lead to allergic reactions and skin discoloration upon long term usage of cosmetic products. Health education program to the target population is crucial with focus on cosmetic use and its adverse effects on health.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42943
Ram Prasad Sharma G, L. Rajbanshi, Basanta Thapa, J. Singh, R. Tamrakar
INTRODUCTION: Surgical site infection (SSI) is most common type of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) in low and middle-income countries. The objective of the study was to find out the incidence and associated factors of SSI following obstetric surgeries especially Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of 1739 patients files who had undergone Lower Segment Cesarean Section from 14th April 2019 to 12 April 2020 was reviewed. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Version 20.0 and interpreted in descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Among 1739 obstetric surgeries performed, 50 patient showed signs and symptoms of SSI yielding to an infection rate of 2.9%. Majority (80%) of patients developed SSI after they were discharged. There was significant association between SSI and type of surgery (p=0.007) and, SSI was not associated with haemoglobin level, blood transfusion, residence and age of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Though overall infection rate was low, most of the women developed infection after being discharged, thus it is recommended that discharge counselling about wound care should be emphasized.
手术部位感染(SSI)是低收入和中等收入国家最常见的医院获得性感染(HAI)类型。本研究的目的是了解产科手术特别是下段剖宫产(LSCS)术后SSI的发生率及相关因素。材料与方法:在奇旺医学院附属医院进行回顾性横断面研究。回顾了2019年4月14日至2020年4月12日行下段剖宫产术的患者档案，共1739例。数据分析采用IBM SPSS Version 20.0，并采用描述性统计和推理统计进行解释。结果:在1739例产科手术中，50例患者出现SSI症状和体征，感染率为2.9%。大多数(80%)患者在出院后发生SSI。SSI与手术类型之间存在显著相关性(p=0.007)， SSI与血红蛋白水平、输血、居住地和患者年龄无关。结论:虽然总体感染率较低，但出院后仍多发生感染，建议重视出院时的伤口护理辅导。
{"title":"Surgical Site Infection and Its Associated Factors Following Obstetric Surgeries: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Ram Prasad Sharma G, L. Rajbanshi, Basanta Thapa, J. Singh, R. Tamrakar","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i1.42943","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Surgical site infection (SSI) is most common type of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) in low and middle-income countries. The objective of the study was to find out the incidence and associated factors of SSI following obstetric surgeries especially Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS). \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of 1739 patients files who had undergone Lower Segment Cesarean Section from 14th April 2019 to 12 April 2020 was reviewed. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Version 20.0 and interpreted in descriptive and inferential statistics. \u0000RESULTS: Among 1739 obstetric surgeries performed, 50 patient showed signs and symptoms of SSI yielding to an infection rate of 2.9%. Majority (80%) of patients developed SSI after they were discharged. There was significant association between SSI and type of surgery (p=0.007) and, SSI was not associated with haemoglobin level, blood transfusion, residence and age of the patients. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Though overall infection rate was low, most of the women developed infection after being discharged, thus it is recommended that discharge counselling about wound care should be emphasized.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123288596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46498
Urmila Yadav, S. Yadav, Neethu Varma, Jasmine Arul Rani
INTRODUCTION: The responsibility of grandparents caring for their grandchildren comes with stress to the grandparents that can have an impact on their emotional health and psychological well-being. The aim of the study was designed to assess the level of stress and associated factors among grandparents raising their grandchildren of employed parents at selected area of Bangalore. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive research design and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used was used among 100 grandparents rearing their grandchildren at selected area of Bangalore. Modified parental stress scale (Berry and Jones 1995) was used to collect data from subjects. Descriptive, inferential statistics and chi-square was used to observe the association. P-value <0.05 level was considered as significant. RESULTS: The majority (53%) of the respondents had moderate level of stress. A significant association was found with stress and selected socio-demographic variables like age, marital status, education level, religion, type of family, number of grandchildren, number of hours involved in child rearing per day, pre-existing medical/mental illness, and reasons for providing basic need of grandchildren (p< 0.05). Female grandparents had more stress compare to male grandparents. CONCLUSIONS: The grandparents rearing their grandchildren have mild and moderate level of stress and with comparison of male and female grandparent’s stress, female grandparents are more stressed compare to male grandparents.
导读:祖父母照顾孙辈的责任给祖父母带来了压力，这会影响他们的情绪健康和心理健康。该研究的目的是评估在班加罗尔选定的地区，祖父母抚养有工作的父母的孙子孙女的压力水平和相关因素。材料与方法:采用横断面描述性研究设计和非概率目的抽样技术，对班加罗尔选定地区100名抚养孙辈的祖父母进行调查。采用改良父母压力量表(Berry and Jones 1995)收集被试数据。采用描述性统计、推理统计和卡方统计来观察相关性。p值<0.05为显著水平。结果:大多数(53%)的被调查者有中等程度的压力。年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、宗教信仰、家庭类型、孙辈数量、每天养育子女的时间、已有的医疗/精神疾病和提供孙辈基本需求的原因等因素与压力有显著关联(p< 0.05)。与男性祖父母相比，女性祖父母的压力更大。结论:祖父母抚养孙辈的压力水平为轻度和中度，且在男女祖父母的压力比较中，女祖父母的压力高于男祖父母。
{"title":"Association of Demographic Variables and Stress Level in Grandparents Rearing Grandchildren of Employed Parents","authors":"Urmila Yadav, S. Yadav, Neethu Varma, Jasmine Arul Rani","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v1i2.46498","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The responsibility of grandparents caring for their grandchildren comes with stress to the grandparents that can have an impact on their emotional health and psychological well-being. The aim of the study was designed to assess the level of stress and associated factors among grandparents raising their grandchildren of employed parents at selected area of Bangalore.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive research design and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used was used among 100 grandparents rearing their grandchildren at selected area of Bangalore. Modified parental stress scale (Berry and Jones 1995) was used to collect data from subjects. Descriptive, inferential statistics and chi-square was used to observe the association. P-value <0.05 level was considered as significant.\u0000RESULTS: The majority (53%) of the respondents had moderate level of stress. A significant association was found with stress and selected socio-demographic variables like age, marital status, education level, religion, type of family, number of grandchildren, number of hours involved in child rearing per day, pre-existing medical/mental illness, and reasons for providing basic need of grandchildren (p< 0.05). Female grandparents had more stress compare to male grandparents.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: The grandparents rearing their grandchildren have mild and moderate level of stress and with comparison of male and female grandparent’s stress, female grandparents are more stressed compare to male grandparents.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121848878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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