Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47756
K. Jha, D. Regmi
INTRODUCTION: The most typical cause of fever in developing nations is enteric fever. Because the complications are extremely severe, an early diagnosis is essential. Early diagnosis can improve the patient's chance of being cured. Thus, the objective of our study was to compare between blood culture, IgG and IgM method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted among 240 clinically suspected cases of enteric fever from 17th February 2019 to 17th May 2019 at Rapti academic of health science, Dang. We have done first Blood culture was performed and IgG and IgM method were used to detect enteric fever for same sample. RESULTS: Out of 240 patients, 112 of the 240 cases were men and 128 were women. Blood culture testing revealed 72 positive samples, or 30%, and IgG and IgM testing revealed 64 positive cases, or 26.66%, for the same cases. Therefore, our investigation demonstrated that the blood culture method is equally as successful as the IgG and IgM method. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that he blood culture IgG and IgM methods are equally effective. There are not always blood culture settings accessible in developing countries like Nepal. Therefore, IgG and IgM methods are preferable.
{"title":"Clinico-pathological Study of Enteric Fever at Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal","authors":"K. Jha, D. Regmi","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47756","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The most typical cause of fever in developing nations is enteric fever. Because the complications are extremely severe, an early diagnosis is essential. Early diagnosis can improve the patient's chance of being cured. Thus, the objective of our study was to compare between blood culture, IgG and IgM method.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted among 240 clinically suspected cases of enteric fever from 17th February 2019 to 17th May 2019 at Rapti academic of health science, Dang. We have done first Blood culture was performed and IgG and IgM method were used to detect enteric fever for same sample.\u0000RESULTS: Out of 240 patients, 112 of the 240 cases were men and 128 were women. Blood culture testing revealed 72 positive samples, or 30%, and IgG and IgM testing revealed 64 positive cases, or 26.66%, for the same cases. Therefore, our investigation demonstrated that the blood culture method is equally as successful as the IgG and IgM method.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that he blood culture IgG and IgM methods are equally effective. There are not always blood culture settings accessible in developing countries like Nepal. Therefore, IgG and IgM methods are preferable. ","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"472 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124059285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47656
B. Adhikari, Sanjeeb Chaudhary, B. Khanal, N. Acharya, Jwolan Khadka
INTRODUCTION: Regenerative Endodontics is one of the most fascinating development in modern dentistry. Since Endodontists are the first providers of this type of dental treatment, it is essential to learn their knowledge, attitude and practice of these procedures. Aim: This online questionnaire-based study was conducted amongst Endodontists practicing in Nepal with the aim to learn their knowledge, attitude and practice of regenerative endodontic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Endodontists in Nepal. In total 65 Endodontists participated in this study. The questionnaire was distributed to the participants using the available electronic measures. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed on the responses given by Endodontists using SPSS Statistical Software package (version 21.0). RESULTS: A total of 20 questions were included in this study. Out of the responses analyzed, 100% (n=65) had come across the term regenerative endodontics. Respondents had good knowledge about the sources of dental stem cells (87.3%, n=55). A high percentage (98.4%, n=62) of respondents strongly recommended regenerative therapy to be incorporated into dentistry. Among the participants of this study, 87.1% (n=54) had a belief that regenerative endodontic treatment could serve as the alternative treatment option to dental implant. CONCLUSIONS: The Endodontists practicing in Nepal had sound knowledge about regenerative endodontic procedures. They were enthusiastic in practicing regenerative endodontics and interested in stem cell therapy. It’s a high time to uplift the regenerative endodontic procedure from simple revascularization via blood clotting to more advanced procedure.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Regenerative Endodontics among Endodontists of Nepal","authors":"B. Adhikari, Sanjeeb Chaudhary, B. Khanal, N. Acharya, Jwolan Khadka","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47656","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Regenerative Endodontics is one of the most fascinating development in modern dentistry. Since Endodontists are the first providers of this type of dental treatment, it is essential to learn their knowledge, attitude and practice of these procedures. Aim: This online questionnaire-based study was conducted amongst Endodontists practicing in Nepal with the aim to learn their knowledge, attitude and practice of regenerative endodontic procedures.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Endodontists in Nepal. In total 65 Endodontists participated in this study. The questionnaire was distributed to the participants using the available electronic measures. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed on the responses given by Endodontists using SPSS Statistical Software package (version 21.0).\u0000RESULTS: A total of 20 questions were included in this study. Out of the responses analyzed, 100% (n=65) had come across the term regenerative endodontics. Respondents had good knowledge about the sources of dental stem cells (87.3%, n=55). A high percentage (98.4%, n=62) of respondents strongly recommended regenerative therapy to be incorporated into dentistry. Among the participants of this study, 87.1% (n=54) had a belief that regenerative endodontic treatment could serve as the alternative treatment option to dental implant.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: The Endodontists practicing in Nepal had sound knowledge about regenerative endodontic procedures. They were enthusiastic in practicing regenerative endodontics and interested in stem cell therapy. It’s a high time to uplift the regenerative endodontic procedure from simple revascularization via blood clotting to more advanced procedure.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126982543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47653
A. Bhochhibhoya, Rinu Sharma, Suvit Maskey, M. Guragain, Rejina Shrestha
INTRODUCTION: Relining refers to resurfacing the tissue side of a denture with new base material to improve adequate adaptation of the tissue surface of the denture base to the bearing foundation. It is a cost-effective means to prolong the service life of the denture. The objective of the study was to determine knowledge, attitude, and practice about relining of complete dentures in clinical practice among Nepalese Prosthodontists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among Nepalese Prosthodontists practicing in Nepal from June, 2021 to August, 2021. A pre-tested questionnaire from a published study was used for the study. A comprehensive, self-administered questionnaire consisting of close-ended questions was mailed to the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS Ver. 17. Descriptive statistics using frequency distribution and percentage was calculated. RESULTS: Majority 78% knew that relining is the process used to resurface the tissue side of the removable dental prosthesis with new base. 90.2% of respondents knew that relining is indicated when the residual ridges have resorbed and adaptation of the dentures to the ridges is poor. 70.7% of the participants preferred both direct and indirect technique for relining depending upon the cases. 90.2% of the respondents believed that the denture should be disinfected before relining, 9.7% disagreed that disinfection needs to be done before relining. 90.2% of the respondents felt that relining improves the stability and retention of the denture. All the prosthodontists agree that relining the denture improves the patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Nepalese Prosthodontists had adequate knowledge regarding indication, and techniques for relining of complete dentures. Regular clinical meets and continuing dental education programs may be helpful in apprising recent development in this field.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Relining of Complete Dentures in Clinical Practice: A Survey among Nepalese Prosthodontists","authors":"A. Bhochhibhoya, Rinu Sharma, Suvit Maskey, M. Guragain, Rejina Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47653","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Relining refers to resurfacing the tissue side of a denture with new base material to improve adequate adaptation of the tissue surface of the denture base to the bearing foundation. It is a cost-effective means to prolong the service life of the denture. The objective of the study was to determine knowledge, attitude, and practice about relining of complete dentures in clinical practice among Nepalese Prosthodontists.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among Nepalese Prosthodontists practicing in Nepal from June, 2021 to August, 2021. A pre-tested questionnaire from a published study was used for the study. A comprehensive, self-administered questionnaire consisting of close-ended questions was mailed to the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS Ver. 17. Descriptive statistics using frequency distribution and percentage was calculated.\u0000RESULTS: Majority 78% knew that relining is the process used to resurface the tissue side of the removable dental prosthesis with new base. 90.2% of respondents knew that relining is indicated when the residual ridges have resorbed and adaptation of the dentures to the ridges is poor. 70.7% of the participants preferred both direct and indirect technique for relining depending upon the cases. 90.2% of the respondents believed that the denture should be disinfected before relining, 9.7% disagreed that disinfection needs to be done before relining. 90.2% of the respondents felt that relining improves the stability and retention of the denture. All the prosthodontists agree that relining the denture improves the patient satisfaction.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: Nepalese Prosthodontists had adequate knowledge regarding indication, and techniques for relining of complete dentures. Regular clinical meets and continuing dental education programs may be helpful in apprising recent development in this field.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115757074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47752
Satyam Prakash, K. Yadav, V. Sah, D. Pandeya
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus and blood groups are interrelated. The relationship between ABO blood groups and disease susceptibility has generated a concern. The identification of a positive relationship between DM and blood groups could indicate higher susceptibility to diabetes and a negative relationship could indicate protection from diabetes. Therefore, the objective of the study was designed to exemplify ABO blood groups in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Ram Janaki Hospital and Swastika Health Care Hospital, Janakpurdham from September 2017 to March 2018.The record of the patients from the medicine OPD in both the hospitals was identified and relevant data were extracted. The data was recorded from the reports of the patients with confirmed DM patients attending Medicine department. RESULTS: The majority of the 579 diabetic patients were in the 40-60 year old age group. The most predominant blood group was B (251; 43.4 %), followed by AB (137; 23.7 %), O (125; 21.5 %), and A (66; 11.4 %) respectively. In comparison to male diabetics, less than half (44.1%) of female diabetics had blood group B. (42.7%). Similarly, males (13.0 %) were found to have more blood group A than females (9.8%). In diabetic individuals, the relationship between blood group and age (p=0.652) and sex (p=0.659) was shown to be insignificant. The majority of the patients (94.3%) had Rh positive blood groups, whereas the other had Rh negative blood types (5.7%). There was no correlation between blood group Rh factor and age group (p=0.817) or as well as with sex (p=0.333) among diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic patients were more likely to have blood type B, while diabetics were less likely to have blood group A. It implies that diabetes is linked to ABO blood types, and that those with Group-B are more likely to develop the condition. Blood group could be a risk factor, and knowing it can aid with disease evaluation and screening.
导读:糖尿病与血型是相互关联的。ABO血型与疾病易感性的关系引起了人们的关注。糖尿病与血型之间的正相关关系可能表明糖尿病易感性较高，负相关关系可能表明对糖尿病有保护作用。因此，本研究旨在举例说明糖尿病患者的ABO血型。材料与方法:研究于2017年9月至2018年3月在Janakpurdham的Ram Janaki医院和Swastika卫生保健医院进行。对两家医院内科门诊的患者记录进行识别并提取相关数据。数据来源于就诊于内科的确诊糖尿病患者的报告。结果:579例糖尿病患者以40 ~ 60岁年龄组居多。最主要血型为B型(251;43.4%)，其次是AB (137;23.7%)， 0 (125);21.5%)， A (66;11.4%)。与男性糖尿病患者相比，不到一半(44.1%)的女性糖尿病患者有b型血(42.7%)。同样，男性(13.0%)比女性(9.8%)有更多的A型血。在糖尿病个体中，血型与年龄(p=0.652)、性别(p=0.659)的关系不显著。Rh阳性血型占多数(94.3%)，Rh阴性血型占少数(5.7%)。糖尿病患者血型Rh因子与年龄(p=0.817)、性别(p=0.333)无相关性。结论:糖尿病患者B型血的可能性更大，而a型血的可能性更小。这表明糖尿病与ABO血型有关，B型血的患者更容易患糖尿病。血型可能是一个危险因素，了解它可以帮助疾病评估和筛查。
{"title":"Exemplification of ABO Blood Groups in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Satyam Prakash, K. Yadav, V. Sah, D. Pandeya","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47752","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus and blood groups are interrelated. The relationship between ABO blood groups and disease susceptibility has generated a concern. The identification of a positive relationship between DM and blood groups could indicate higher susceptibility to diabetes and a negative relationship could indicate protection from diabetes. Therefore, the objective of the study was designed to exemplify ABO blood groups in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Ram Janaki Hospital and Swastika Health Care Hospital, Janakpurdham from September 2017 to March 2018.The record of the patients from the medicine OPD in both the hospitals was identified and relevant data were extracted. The data was recorded from the reports of the patients with confirmed DM patients attending Medicine department.\u0000RESULTS: The majority of the 579 diabetic patients were in the 40-60 year old age group. The most predominant blood group was B (251; 43.4 %), followed by AB (137; 23.7 %), O (125; 21.5 %), and A (66; 11.4 %) respectively. In comparison to male diabetics, less than half (44.1%) of female diabetics had blood group B. (42.7%). Similarly, males (13.0 %) were found to have more blood group A than females (9.8%). In diabetic individuals, the relationship between blood group and age (p=0.652) and sex (p=0.659) was shown to be insignificant. The majority of the patients (94.3%) had Rh positive blood groups, whereas the other had Rh negative blood types (5.7%). There was no correlation between blood group Rh factor and age group (p=0.817) or as well as with sex (p=0.333) among diabetic patients.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic patients were more likely to have blood type B, while diabetics were less likely to have blood group A. It implies that diabetes is linked to ABO blood types, and that those with Group-B are more likely to develop the condition. Blood group could be a risk factor, and knowing it can aid with disease evaluation and screening.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124708223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47757
R. Piryani, S. Piryani
Vaccine, a cost-effective medicine saves lives. Vaccination during childhood has been implemented worldwide through the expanded program of immunization (EPI) since 1974. It has saved million lives till 2019 globally. South Asian countries have equally benefitted from the EPI executing this strategy through their national immunization programs. The life-course immunization concept aims to extend the vaccination from birth to elderly; some counties have already started focusing on it. Adult vaccination is the process of vaccinating to peoples of 19 years and above. Most of the developed countries have their national policy guidelines on adult immunization but no such national policy for adult vaccination exists in most of the developing and underdeveloped countries including countries of South Asia. South Asian countries have to accept the concept Life-Course Immunization and develop National Adult Immunization Guidelines and vaccinate adults from vaccine preventable diseases highly prevalent in their countries. This could improve quality of human health at all stages of life.
{"title":"Time for South Asian Countries to Accept Life-Course Immunization Concept and Develop National Immunization Guidelines for Adult Vaccination","authors":"R. Piryani, S. Piryani","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47757","url":null,"abstract":" Vaccine, a cost-effective medicine saves lives. Vaccination during childhood has been implemented worldwide through the expanded program of immunization (EPI) since 1974. It has saved million lives till 2019 globally. South Asian countries have equally benefitted from the EPI executing this strategy through their national immunization programs. The life-course immunization concept aims to extend the vaccination from birth to elderly; some counties have already started focusing on it. Adult vaccination is the process of vaccinating to peoples of 19 years and above. Most of the developed countries have their national policy guidelines on adult immunization but no such national policy for adult vaccination exists in most of the developing and underdeveloped countries including countries of South Asia. South Asian countries have to accept the concept Life-Course Immunization and develop National Adult Immunization Guidelines and vaccinate adults from vaccine preventable diseases highly prevalent in their countries. This could improve quality of human health at all stages of life.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130954776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder commonly seen in young reproductive age women and is manifested by polycystic appearing ovaries on ultrasonography along with oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea, hirsutism, obesity and emotional disturbances further leading to infertility and metabolic disturbances as well as chronic illness. These symptoms, however, are frequently linked to decline woman's self-esteem and self-image, and may have an impact on her health-related quality of life (HRQoL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, web based-cross sectional study was conducted among 686 reproductive age women of Facebook page named PCOS WARRIOR Nepali woman selected conveniently. Structured and standardized health related quality of life questionnaire (German PCOS Questionnaire -g) was used to collect data by posting google form on Facebook page. Obtained data were analysed in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. RESULTS: More than half (50.9%) of the respondents were found to have good quality of life. The most common health related concern was for Infertility (28.57%) and least was for Acne (71.43%). There was statistically significance between Health-related quality of life and Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=<0.001), menstruation Pattern (p=0.013), duration of medication (p=0.002) and presence of co-morbidities (p=0.010) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that more than half of the respondents have good quality of life. Various programmes should be conducted regarding infertility and assisted reproductive technologies giving special attention to the women having PCOS. Management of PCOS should be directed to improve quality of life of PCOS patients.
{"title":"Health Related Quality of Life among Reproductive Age Women Having Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome","authors":"Manish Aryal, Taniya Thapa, Amrit Ghimire, Sadikshya Neupane, Sarita Nepal, A. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47753","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder commonly seen in young reproductive age women and is manifested by polycystic appearing ovaries on ultrasonography along with oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea, hirsutism, obesity and emotional disturbances further leading to infertility and metabolic disturbances as well as chronic illness. These symptoms, however, are frequently linked to decline woman's self-esteem and self-image, and may have an impact on her health-related quality of life (HRQoL).\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, web based-cross sectional study was conducted among 686 reproductive age women of Facebook page named PCOS WARRIOR Nepali woman selected conveniently. Structured and standardized health related quality of life questionnaire (German PCOS Questionnaire -g) was used to collect data by posting google form on Facebook page. Obtained data were analysed in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.\u0000RESULTS: More than half (50.9%) of the respondents were found to have good quality of life. The most common health related concern was for Infertility (28.57%) and least was for Acne (71.43%). There was statistically significance between Health-related quality of life and Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=<0.001), menstruation Pattern (p=0.013), duration of medication (p=0.002) and presence of co-morbidities (p=0.010) respectively.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that more than half of the respondents have good quality of life. Various programmes should be conducted regarding infertility and assisted reproductive technologies giving special attention to the women having PCOS. Management of PCOS should be directed to improve quality of life of PCOS patients.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126113732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47754
R. Shrestha, Apeksha Bhatta
INTRODUCTION: Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) for girls has long been a neglected issue in low income countries however there is increasing recognition that it should be included in research, programming, education and health policies. The aim of the study was to assess the menstrual hygiene management among adolescent school girls residing Inaruwa Municipality of Sunsari district. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted on 211 respondents and self-administered questionnaire used as data collection tool. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version IBM 22 was used for data entry and analysis software respectively RESULTS: Majority 74.4% had their first menstruation at the age between 13-15years. In the first menstrual period, the girls were frightened (40.3%) and confused (36%). Entire girls revealed that they were using any type of absorptive materials during menstrual period. Nearly three-fifth of the girls (55.5%) only used sanitary napkin/pad as a protective material during menstruation and 14.2 percent of the girls were using old piece of cloth. Half of the girls (50.9%) used to change their absorptive materials twice a day and 32.5 percent of them changed thirst a day during their menstrual period. After the used of absorptive material, nearly two-third of the girls reported that they used to bury absorptive materials in separate place secretly, while 37.3 percent of girls reported that they used to burn. CONCLUSIONS: The menstrual hygiene practices at home seem to be satisfactory. However, in school, the insufficient toilets, dustbins were the reasons for making the menstruation hygiene difficult and impossible during the school hours. This lead to missing of classes, and school absenteeism during the periods.
在低收入国家，女孩经期卫生管理(MHM)长期以来一直是一个被忽视的问题，但人们越来越认识到，应将其纳入研究、规划、教育和卫生政策。本研究的目的是评估居住在Sunsari区Inaruwa市的青春期女学生的月经卫生管理情况。材料与方法:采用描述性横断面研究设计对211名被调查者进行调查，采用自填问卷作为数据收集工具。数据录入和分析软件分别采用Epi-data 3.1版和SPSS IBM 22版。结果:初潮年龄在13-15岁之间，占74.4%。在第一次月经期间，女孩感到害怕(40.3%)和困惑(36%)。所有女孩都透露，她们在月经期间使用了任何类型的吸收材料。近五分之三(55.5%)的女孩在月经期间只使用卫生巾/卫生巾作为保护材料，14.2%的女孩使用旧布。一半(50.9%)的女孩在月经期间每天更换2次吸湿剂，32.5%的女孩在月经期间每天更换一次口渴剂。在使用吸收材料后，近三分之二的女孩报告说，她们曾经秘密地将吸收材料埋在单独的地方，37.3%的女孩报告说她们曾经燃烧过。结论:家庭经期卫生习惯较好。然而，在学校里，厕所和垃圾箱的不足是造成月经卫生困难和不可能在学校时间的原因。这导致在这段时间缺课和旷课。
{"title":"Menstruation Hygiene Management among Adolescent School Girls of Inaruwa Municipality","authors":"R. Shrestha, Apeksha Bhatta","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47754","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) for girls has long been a neglected issue in low income countries however there is increasing recognition that it should be included in research, programming, education and health policies. The aim of the study was to assess the menstrual hygiene management among adolescent school girls residing Inaruwa Municipality of Sunsari district.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted on 211 respondents and self-administered questionnaire used as data collection tool. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version IBM 22 was used for data entry and analysis software respectively\u0000RESULTS: Majority 74.4% had their first menstruation at the age between 13-15years. In the first menstrual period, the girls were frightened (40.3%) and confused (36%). Entire girls revealed that they were using any type of absorptive materials during menstrual period. Nearly three-fifth of the girls (55.5%) only used sanitary napkin/pad as a protective material during menstruation and 14.2 percent of the girls were using old piece of cloth. Half of the girls (50.9%) used to change their absorptive materials twice a day and 32.5 percent of them changed thirst a day during their menstrual period. After the used of absorptive material, nearly two-third of the girls reported that they used to bury absorptive materials in separate place secretly, while 37.3 percent of girls reported that they used to burn.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: The menstrual hygiene practices at home seem to be satisfactory. However, in school, the insufficient toilets, dustbins were the reasons for making the menstruation hygiene difficult and impossible during the school hours. This lead to missing of classes, and school absenteeism during the periods.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130076105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47652
K. Adhikari
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. NCDs are the leading causes of ill health in the world and it accounts for 70% of premature deaths globally [1]. NCDs, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease, are collectively responsible for most of the premature deaths worldwide. Almost three quarters of all NCD deaths, and 82% of the 16 million people who died prematurely, or before reaching 70 years of age, occur in lowand middle-income countries [2]. NCDs claim lives at a younger age in SEA Region compared to rest of the world. The proportion of deaths due to NCDs below the age of 60 years was 34% in SEA region, compared to 23% in rest of the world[3]. NCDs have been receiving an increased attention within global governing bodies since the first United Nations’ high‐level meeting on NCDs in 2011 [4]. Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) were replaced after the formulation of the SDGs in September 2015. The vision of inclusive growth across the globe has paved way for formation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the UN General Assembly [5]. NCDs are included in SDG-3 as “to ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being for all at all ages” [6] Specifically, SDG target 3.4 aims to “reduce by one‐third premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well‐being.” Three of the nine health targets focus on NCD‐related issues which reflects the importance given to NCDs in SDGs. NCDs are estimated to account for 66% of all deaths in Nepal [7]. Depicting the scenario of rest of the developing countries, NCDs account for more than 44 % of deaths and 80 % of outpatient visits. Nearly one third of the population are with hypertension [8] and 15 % are with diabetes [9]. The most common NCDs among outpatients are chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) i.e., 43 % followed by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) 40 %, diabetes mellitus 12 % and cancer5 % [10]. Nepal has seen shift in disease pattern from high to low burden of infectious disease and increasing burden of NCDs [11]. Rapid urbanization, change in dietary patterns, behavioural factors and major improvements in prevention of maternal and child health to raise life expectancy are all factors contributing to shift disease patterns in Nepal [12]. The countrywide STEPS survey of NCDs risk factors which was carried out in 2019 showed a remarkably high prevalence of less than five servings of fruit and/or vegetable, tobacco use, overweight/obese and raised blood pressure as 96.7%, %, 28.9%, 24.3%, 24.5% respectively [13].
{"title":"Non-communicable Diseases in Nepal: A Big Hurdle for Achieving SDGs","authors":"K. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47652","url":null,"abstract":"Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. NCDs are the leading causes of ill health in the world and it accounts for 70% of premature deaths globally [1]. NCDs, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung disease, are collectively responsible for most of the premature deaths worldwide. Almost three quarters of all NCD deaths, and 82% of the 16 million people who died prematurely, or before reaching 70 years of age, occur in lowand middle-income countries [2]. NCDs claim lives at a younger age in SEA Region compared to rest of the world. The proportion of deaths due to NCDs below the age of 60 years was 34% in SEA region, compared to 23% in rest of the world[3]. NCDs have been receiving an increased attention within global governing bodies since the first United Nations’ high‐level meeting on NCDs in 2011 [4]. Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) were replaced after the formulation of the SDGs in September 2015. The vision of inclusive growth across the globe has paved way for formation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the UN General Assembly [5]. NCDs are included in SDG-3 as “to ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being for all at all ages” [6] Specifically, SDG target 3.4 aims to “reduce by one‐third premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well‐being.” Three of the nine health targets focus on NCD‐related issues which reflects the importance given to NCDs in SDGs. NCDs are estimated to account for 66% of all deaths in Nepal [7]. Depicting the scenario of rest of the developing countries, NCDs account for more than 44 % of deaths and 80 % of outpatient visits. Nearly one third of the population are with hypertension [8] and 15 % are with diabetes [9]. The most common NCDs among outpatients are chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) i.e., 43 % followed by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) 40 %, diabetes mellitus 12 % and cancer5 % [10]. Nepal has seen shift in disease pattern from high to low burden of infectious disease and increasing burden of NCDs [11]. Rapid urbanization, change in dietary patterns, behavioural factors and major improvements in prevention of maternal and child health to raise life expectancy are all factors contributing to shift disease patterns in Nepal [12]. The countrywide STEPS survey of NCDs risk factors which was carried out in 2019 showed a remarkably high prevalence of less than five servings of fruit and/or vegetable, tobacco use, overweight/obese and raised blood pressure as 96.7%, %, 28.9%, 24.3%, 24.5% respectively [13].","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129835990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47655
Luna Mathema, Rajan Shrestha, A. Adhikari, P. Poudyal, S. Upadhyay, Bijay Khatri
INTRODUCTION: Tele-otology is one of the least explored areas of telehealth in Nepal. The objective image findings and live virtual specialist consultation using synchronous data exchange can address the different barriers to basic otological care in low-resource settings like Nepal. This study was conducted to explore the acceptability and feasibility of community management of ear patients through tele-otology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at a tertiary level ENT hospital in Bhaktapur and three outreach clinics of the hospital in the periphery of Kathmandu valley from 1st April to 31st May 2021. Trained community ear health workers (CEHWs) used mobile data in fields and communicated with ENT consultants at the base hospital with fiber-to-the-home internet connection for teleconsultation. The satisfaction was measured using a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS: This study has shown satisfactory acceptance among beneficiaries and service providers. The sound quality rating was 4.5±0.8 at field-site and 4.5±0.9 at base hospital. The video quality ratings were 4.4±0.8 and 4.0±1.1 at field-site and base hospital, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: With trained grassroots level workers and quality internet connections, tele-otology can play a significant role in the early identification and diagnosis of ear diseases, including middle ear pathologies, as well as bridging the ear care service gap in resource constraints settings like Nepal.
{"title":"Acceptability and Feasibility of Community Management of Ear Patients through Tele-otology Services in Outskirts of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal","authors":"Luna Mathema, Rajan Shrestha, A. Adhikari, P. Poudyal, S. Upadhyay, Bijay Khatri","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47655","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Tele-otology is one of the least explored areas of telehealth in Nepal. The objective image findings and live virtual specialist consultation using synchronous data exchange can address the different barriers to basic otological care in low-resource settings like Nepal. This study was conducted to explore the acceptability and feasibility of community management of ear patients through tele-otology.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at a tertiary level ENT hospital in Bhaktapur and three outreach clinics of the hospital in the periphery of Kathmandu valley from 1st April to 31st May 2021. Trained community ear health workers (CEHWs) used mobile data in fields and communicated with ENT consultants at the base hospital with fiber-to-the-home internet connection for teleconsultation. The satisfaction was measured using a 5-point Likert scale.\u0000RESULTS: This study has shown satisfactory acceptance among beneficiaries and service providers. The sound quality rating was 4.5±0.8 at field-site and 4.5±0.9 at base hospital. The video quality ratings were 4.4±0.8 and 4.0±1.1 at field-site and base hospital, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (p=0.017).\u0000CONCLUSIONS: With trained grassroots level workers and quality internet connections, tele-otology can play a significant role in the early identification and diagnosis of ear diseases, including middle ear pathologies, as well as bridging the ear care service gap in resource constraints settings like Nepal.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128612831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47751
Pragya Banstola, D. Yadav, Raju Pandey
INTRODUCTION: Treatment satisfaction and health-related quality of life are related and important for successful treatment of diabetes patients. The main objective of this research is to assess the self-care practices, treatment satisfaction and quality of life among diabetes type2 patient in Pokhara. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the diabetes type2 patients from June 2019 to December 2019 in Pokhara Metropolitan. The sample size for this study was 248. Consecutive sampling technique was used for the selection of participants. Interview schedule was used for doing face to face interview. A collection of questions adapted from Diabetes-39 and it was used as a tool for assessing the quality of life of the participants. The Nepali version of the D-39 instrument was pre-tested among 10% (25) of total sample in Metrocity hospital to check its simplicity before data collection. Likert scale of 5 points was used to assess treatment satisfaction. Chi-square test was obtained to find out the association between dependent and independent variables and crude odd ratio was calculated to measure the strength of association. RESULTS: Two-fourth (41.9%) of the participants were engaged in physical activity. Two-fifth (39.9%) of the participants test blood sugar monthly. About four-sixth (68.5%) of the participants had good quality of life and rest had poor quality of life. Almost all 98.0% were satisfied with the treatment. Factors such as age, sex, marital status, physical activity and duration of diabetes mellitus were associated with quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that physical activities should be focused to promote healthier life. One should focus on promoting a self-care practices in order to prevent the complication of disease. Quality of life can be achieved through adequate self-care practice, proper treatment and counselling.
{"title":"Assessment of Self-care practices, Treatment satisfaction and Quality of Life among Diabetes Type2 Patients in Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"Pragya Banstola, D. Yadav, Raju Pandey","doi":"10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v2i3.47751","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Treatment satisfaction and health-related quality of life are related and important for successful treatment of diabetes patients. The main objective of this research is to assess the self-care practices, treatment satisfaction and quality of life among diabetes type2 patient in Pokhara.\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the diabetes type2 patients from June 2019 to December 2019 in Pokhara Metropolitan. The sample size for this study was 248. Consecutive sampling technique was used for the selection of participants. Interview schedule was used for doing face to face interview. A collection of questions adapted from Diabetes-39 and it was used as a tool for assessing the quality of life of the participants. The Nepali version of the D-39 instrument was pre-tested among 10% (25) of total sample in Metrocity hospital to check its simplicity before data collection. Likert scale of 5 points was used to assess treatment satisfaction. Chi-square test was obtained to find out the association between dependent and independent variables and crude odd ratio was calculated to measure the strength of association.\u0000RESULTS: Two-fourth (41.9%) of the participants were engaged in physical activity. Two-fifth (39.9%) of the participants test blood sugar monthly. About four-sixth (68.5%) of the participants had good quality of life and rest had poor quality of life. Almost all 98.0% were satisfied with the treatment. Factors such as age, sex, marital status, physical activity and duration of diabetes mellitus were associated with quality of life.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that physical activities should be focused to promote healthier life. One should focus on promoting a self-care practices in order to prevent the complication of disease. Quality of life can be achieved through adequate self-care practice, proper treatment and counselling.","PeriodicalId":218847,"journal":{"name":"MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132202072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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