Sleep and Biological Rhythms最新文献

Although many studies have indicated a significant association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS), few long-term longitudinal studies have examined RLS in patients with migraine. We conducted a single-center, 12-year, longitudinal study of migraine patients and assessed whether RLS was present in 2010, 2017, or 2022 to evaluate its associations with clinical factors. Headache-related disability was assessed using the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). Sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), respectively. Of the 262 patients included at baseline (2010), 101 were available after 7 years (2017), and 74 were available after 12 years (2022). The RLS incidence rates were 13.7%, 20.8%, and 24.3% in 2010, 2017, and 2022, respectively. The RLS severity score did not significantly differ among the three time points. The persistent RLS group, defined as those who were positive for RLS at the last evaluation in addition to the first and/or second evaluations, had significantly higher MIDAS, BDI-II, PSQI and ESS scores than did the never RLS group, defined as those who did not exhibit RLS at any of the three time points. Our 12-year longitudinal study revealed significant impacts of RLS on the burden of patients with migraine.

To examine whether the effects of low sleep quality, sleep deprivation, and chronotype on daytime cognitive function varied by age group. All data were collected online. We obtained the data from 366 employed people in their 20s, 40s, or 60s. The participants were required to fill out a questionnaire comprising of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, an Ultra-Short Version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and perform the online Stroop task through the web browser on their own PC. The results of analyses of variance showed that people in their 20s had more of an evening chronotype, while those in their 20s and 40s experienced more sleep loss than those in their 60s. Stroop interference, reflecting decline in selective attention, was greater in people in their 60s. The results of structural equation modeling showed that sleep loss tended to relate to lower Stroop interference in people in their 20s. Additionally, people in their 60s exhibited a significant relationship between lower sleep quality and lower Stroop interference in the reaction time. At least in this study, interindividual differences in sleep loss, chronotype, and sleep quality did not have a strong effect on cognitive function measured using the online Stroop task in the 40s age group. However, people in their 20s with sleep loss and those in their 60s with lower sleep quality showed higher selective attention, the mechanism of which requires further research.

The ovarian steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, the levels of which fluctuate dynamically with the estrous cycle, alter circadian behavioral rhythms in mammals. However, it remains unclear whether the sleep–wake rhythm fluctuates with the menstrual cycle in humans. To ascertain the relationship between the menstrual cycle and sleep–wake rhythms, we evaluated the objective and long-term sleep–wake rhythms of ten healthy women using a recently developed wearable device. The results showed a strong negative correlation between the sleep midpoint and the quasi-peak value (an indicator of rhythm robustness), and a positive correlation between the length of the menstrual cycle (days) and social jetlag (hours). These results suggest that healthy women with late sleeping habits have a disturbed sleep–wake rhythm and that irregular habits prolong the menstrual cycle. The sleep midpoint and quasi-peak values showed variations during the menstrual cycle. The quasi-peak values in the follicular phase were significantly higher than those in the menstrual and luteal phases. In rodents, the phase of locomotor activity rhythm advances, and activity increases at night during proestrus. The increase in quasi-peak values during the follicular phase, when estrogen is relatively high, may be due to the increased activity caused by estrogen. These results suggest that ovarian steroid hormones influence sleep–wake rhythms in women. Verifying the results of this study under various conditions is necessary; however, accurately predicting the day of ovulation using only the acquisition of sleep–wake rhythms with wearable devices will be possible.

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and age-related changes of the first night effect (FNE) in school-age children using both macro (sleep architecture) and micro (frequency analysis) structures to polysomnography (PSG) data. PSG data from two consecutive nights were obtained from 38 healthy children aged 6–15 years. Sleep variables and power spectral analysis were compared between the two nights. The relationship between age and the difference in sleep variables and power values between the two nights was examined using correlation analysis. The first night showed significant reductions in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, N1, N2, and REM sleep, as well as significant increases in sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. The decrease in N3 and the increase in N2 due to FNE were positively and negatively correlated with age, respectively. Spectral analysis showed no effect of FNE for most variables, but there was a trend toward an increase in the convergence value of the δ band with age. FNE occurs in school-age children, and its manifestation changes with age. The decrease in N3 and increase in N2 become more pronounced with age, while the enhancement of low-frequency power is consistent across ages. These findings highlight the importance of considering age and specific sleep indicators when interpreting pediatric PSG results and underscore the need for a multi-level approach to understanding sleep changes across development.

To explore brain function alterations in chronic insomnia (CI). 65 CI patients and 48 healthy controls were included to analyze abnormal alterations in brain spontaneous activity using static regional homogeneity (sReHo) and dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) methods. CI patients focused on decreased sReHo in bilateral lingual gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyrus, bilateral inferior occipital gyrus and right superior occipital gyrus; decreased dReHo in bilateral superior occipital gyrus, bilateral cortical area around the talus fissure, and right middle occipital gyrus. CI patients exhibit abnormal activity in multiple brain regions, which can reflect the sleep quality index.

Objectives: Social jetlag (SJL), the discrepancy between an individual’s inherent circadian rhythm and external social schedule, is associated with obesity. This study aimed to investigate whether SJL also influences body weight and body fat loss during dieting. Methods: This was an observational study from 2015 to 2018 with participants who had joined an exercise and nutrition program at a private personal training gym. Data from 11,829 individuals provided by the gym along with their sleep logs were analyzed. Differences in change in body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%body fat) were compared by the degree of SJL. Regression was conducted for the change in BMI and %body fat on SJL, adjusted for gender, age, engagement duration in the program, initial BMI, initial %body fat, chronotype, and dietary intakes. Results: The subjects comprised 3,696 men and 8,133 women with a mean age of 40.4 years. Greater SJL was associated with a lower efficacy of BMI and %body fat reduction. The change in BMI (+ 0.56 / hour: SJL) and %body fat (+ 1.40 / hour: SJL) was associated with SJL after adjusting for each variable including dietary intake. Conclusion: SJL was associated with the effect of exercise and nutrition instruction on BMI and body fat reduction, even after adjustment for covariates related to dietary intake. Maintaining consistent sleep–wake rhythms may be crucial for enhancing the efficacy of weight loss programs.

This mini-meta-analysis evaluated the internal consistency of the Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire (APSQ) across existing studies to assess its potential as an orthosomnia (an obsessive preoccupation with achieving perfect sleep) screening tool. A systematic literature search identified four studies with 2,506 participants using English, Swedish, Turkish, and Arabic versions. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.91 to 0.95 across studies. The APSQ demonstrated high overall internal consistency reliability (pooled Cronbach’s alpha of the entire ASPQ = 0.93, 95% CI 0.91–0.94), suggesting utility for screening orthosomnia symptoms. The pooled Cronbach’s alpha of the first and second factors of the ASPQ were: 0.91 (95% CI 0.89–0.93) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.84–0.89), respectively. APSQ demonstrated high overall internal consistency reliability; however, limited linguistic/cultural representation and significant heterogeneity across studies impact generalizability.

The study aimed to discuss the association between sleep duration and the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy). This cross-sectional study included 4173 adults (≥ 20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. According to their sleep duration, participants were divided into five subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis models and restrictive cubic spline regressions were used to explore the association between sleep duration and the risk of Hhcy. Compared with the participants who sleep 7 h, sleep deprivation (≤ 5 h) increased the risk of Hhcy, odds ratio (OR) 1.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.68); Excessive sleep (≥ 9 h) also increased the risk of Hhcy, OR 1.86 (95% CI 1.09–3.14) after adjusting for a series of confounding factors in the entire population. The risk of Hhcy was distributed in a U-shape with sleep duration. Similar results were demonstrated in obese populations. The association between sleep duration and the risk of Hhcy is U-shaped. Both sleep deprivation and excessive sleep can increase the risk of Hhcy.

Sleep is integral to cognitive functioning, and disturbances in sleep patterns can impair cognition. This study investigated the relationships between executive functions, sleep problems, and negative pre-sleep cognitions, proposing a model for their interaction. We assessed 107 adults using the Bedtime Counterfactual Processing Questionnaire and the Glasgow Content of Thoughts Inventory for negative pre-sleep cognitions, the Insomnia Severity Index and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep problems, and the Free Research Executive Evaluation test battery for executive functions. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted to examine both direct and indirect relationships between these variables. Higher executive functions were associated with fewer negative pre-sleep cognitions, which in turn predicted fewer sleep problems. However, the anticipated direct effect of sleep problems on executive functioning was not supported, indicating a more complex interplay. Notably, pre-sleep cognition mediated the relationship between executive functions and sleep problems, indirectly affecting sleep problems through its connection with executive functions. While the findings support the mediation model of executive functions, negative pre-sleep cognitions, and sleep problems, the proposed cyclical model was not fully substantiated. This suggests that additional factors may influence the dynamics of this relationship, offering potential avenues for future research and interventions targeting sleep disorders and cognitive well-being enhancement.

Stroke-related restless legs syndrome (sRLS) is an emerging clinical entity, with a clear relationship between stroke and the occurrence of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Dopamine dysregulation has been observed in sRLS of the lenticulostriate region with increased dopamine precursor and decreased dopamine transporter. The aim of this work is to explore an original case of regressive RLS following stroke. Anatomical (MRI) and functional (¹⁸F-FDG PET; ¹⁸F- FDOPA PET; ¹²³I-FP-CIT SPECT) brain imaging was performed in our patient. A 63 year-old woman experienced complete resolution of longstanding restless legs syndrome (RLS) after a right middle cerebral artery stroke (left faciobrachial sensorimotor deficit), efficiently treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Having had RLS for 14 years, she reported complete symptom relief within four days post-stroke. 2 year follow-up confirmed sustained improvement. In our patient, functional dopaminergic imaging revealed an overall normal dopaminergic tone. This case contradicts the more commonly reported scenario of sRLS where stroke leads to the onset or worsening of RLS. The pathophysiology of RLS remains unclear and in the absence of clear biomarkers for RLS, small lesion models in humans can provide valuable insights to a better understanding of this disease.