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The Usage of Banana Peels and Soybean Hull for the Treatment of Lake Water: Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids 香蕉皮和大豆壳在湖水处理中的应用:浊度和总悬浮物
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.30880/jst.2023.15.01.001
Nur Shahirah Mohd Aripen, N. A. Abdul Halim, Sabrina Saadon, Nur Danisya Akma Jamil
Lake water getcontaminate due to the growth of population and modernization which causing problems like sewage disposal has a high-volume and low-strength wastewater that can be reused for many purposes after being treated. It is crucial for wastewater to go through wastewater treatment to improves the quality of water where one of the processes involved is coagulation yet using conventional coagulant leaves excess heavy metal in the water causes in the absence of green chemistry. Chemical coagulants may have an adverse effect on the consumer and the environment such as aluminum build up in the environment, as well as have a harmful influence on the human body, resulting in Alzheimer's disease. The use of natural coagulants can be a secure replacement for chemical coagulants. Therefore, this study was conducted to reduce the usage of chemicals in the coagulation process by using natural coagulant of banana peels and soybean hulls. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of natural coagulant for wastewater treatment of lake water. Banana peels and soybean hulls were the main materials in making a plant-based coagulant by drying, grinding, and sieving. Jar test was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of natural coagulant by determining their turbidity and total suspended solids.It was found that banana peels perform effectively at a dosage of 400mg/L with turbidity removal achieved is almost 50%. On the other hand, soybean hulls work effectively at a dosage of 600mg/L with turbidity removal achieved is 54%. Based on the result, it is shown that using banana peels as a natural coagulant has effectively reduced the turbidity and total suspended solids of lake water with the optimum number of dosages of 600mg/L.
由于人口的增长和现代化,湖水受到污染,造成了污水处理等问题,废水量大,强度低,经过处理后可以用于多种目的。对废水进行处理以改善水质至关重要,其中涉及的过程之一是混凝,但使用常规混凝剂会在缺乏绿色化学的情况下留下水中过量的重金属。化学凝固剂可能对消费者和环境产生不利影响,如铝在环境中积聚,同时对人体产生有害影响,导致阿尔茨海默病。使用天然混凝剂可以安全替代化学混凝剂。因此,本研究利用香蕉皮和大豆皮的天然混凝剂来减少混凝过程中化学品的使用。本研究的主要目的是研究天然混凝剂对湖泊废水的处理效果。以香蕉皮和大豆壳为主要原料,经干燥、研磨和筛分制备植物基混凝剂。通过测定天然混凝剂的浊度和总悬浮物,进行了瓶试验,考察了天然混凝剂的有效性。结果表明,香蕉皮在400mg/L的投加量下效果良好,浊度去除率接近50%。另一方面,大豆皮在600mg/L的投加量下效果良好,浊度去除率达54%。结果表明,香蕉皮作为天然混凝剂,在最佳投加量为600mg/L的情况下,能有效降低湖水的浊度和总悬浮物。
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引用次数: 0
The Photocatalytic Activity of Green Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in The Treatment of Aerobically Palm Oil Mill Effluent 绿色氧化锌纳米颗粒处理好氧棕榈油厂废水的光催化活性
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.30880/jst.2023.15.01.002
Dilaeleyana Abu Bakar Sidik, N. Hairom, Aniq Ikhmal Rozman, Mohamad Jauhar Shaqili Johari, Aida Muhammad
Traditional treatment of aerobically palm oil mill effluent (A-POME) is incapable of removing the colour and organic load that does not exceed the discharge standard limit to the stream channel. Green synthesis nanoparticles (NPs) provide a significant potential for substantial performance in the photocatalytic degradation of high-strength wastewater. Therefore, the current project's goal is to investigate the photocatalytic degradation performance of A-POME in the addition of green Zinc Oxide Cymbopogon Citratus (ZnO–CC) NPs in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and colour removal. The outcomes showed that pH 8 and a ZnO-CC NPs loading of 0.3g/L was ideal for the photocatalytic degradation of A-POME with a significant percentage reduction of turbidity (68.03%), colour (48.11%), and COD (75.4%). The equilibrium data revealed a better fit Langmuir-Hinshelwood models with higher R2 and K values of 0.9906 and 0.0225, respectively. Increased ZnO–CC NPs loading in alkaline medium aided in the breakdown of A-POME pollutants by increasing the surface area accessible for UV light adsorption during the photocatalytic process. Thus, the finding from this study can assist the palm oil mill sector in improving A-POME treatment to provide high-quality treated effluent.
传统的好氧处理棕榈油厂废水(A-POME)无法去除不超过排放标准限制的颜色和有机负荷。绿色合成纳米颗粒(NPs)在光催化降解高强度废水方面具有巨大的潜力。因此,当前项目的目标是研究A-POME在添加绿色氧化锌Cymbopogon Citratus (ZnO-CC) NPs时在化学需氧量(COD)、浊度和去色方面的光催化降解性能。结果表明,pH为8,ZnO-CC NPs负载为0.3g/L是光催化降解a - pome的理想条件,其浊度(68.03%),颜色(48.11%)和COD(75.4%)显著降低。均衡数据显示Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型拟合较好,R2较高,K值分别为0.9906和0.0225。增加ZnO-CC NPs在碱性介质中的负载,通过增加光催化过程中紫外光吸附的表面积,有助于A-POME污染物的分解。因此,本研究的发现可以帮助棕榈油厂部门改进A-POME处理,以提供高质量的处理废水。
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引用次数: 0
Rheological Study of Formate (Nacl) and Ethylene Glycol Based Drilling Fluid Using MATLAB 基于MATLAB的甲酸盐/乙二醇基钻井液流变学研究
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.30880/jst.2023.15.01.005
Bilal Sabiu, A. Bello, H.A. Adebisi
Non-Newtonian models are used in describing the rheology of drilling fluids. Models, such as Power Law, Bingham Plastic, and the Hershel-Buckley model are used to predict drilling fluid behaviour. Selection of the best rheological model that accurately represents the shear stress-shear rate data is optimal in determining fluid use and predicting realistic rheological behaviour. This research is aimed at studying the best rheology model to fit collected data from sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) based drilling fluid. The assessment utilized a total of ten sets of experimental viscometry data from laboratory-formulated drilling fluid samples A to J with the varying volume of formate sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethylene glycol (EG). Using Equations relating shear rates to shear stress, MATLAB non-linear regression approach was used to determine the best of the three rheological models to fit the experimental. The Root square (R2), Adjusted Root square (Adj R2), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used in determining the goodness of fit and degree of deviation of the experimental data. data. High concentrations of both NaCl and ethylene glycols in the formulation provide a better shear rate shear stress fit. Although the ethylene glycol presence may have account for the improved fit, as Sample E, F and G despite containing high volume of the formate NaCl, the data where not effectively fitted by the models. From the results, the power law model was the least suitable with an R2 value of 0.881-0.956, Adj R2 83-96%, and a poor RSME in the range 2-9. The Herschel-Bulkley model showed an improved fit for the fluids with an R2 0.897-0.973, Adj R287- 98%, and a better RSME <3. this model also shows a good shear thinning behaviour from its three parameter consistency (n) index values. The Bingham plastic model best fits the rheology of the drilling fluid data R2 0.93-0.99, Adj R2 93-98%, and RSME of <2.
非牛顿模型用于描述钻井液的流变性。Power Law、Bingham Plastic和hershell - buckley模型等模型被用于预测钻井液行为。选择能够准确表示剪切应力-剪切速率数据的最佳流变模型是确定流体使用和预测实际流变行为的最佳选择。本研究旨在研究最佳流变性模型,以拟合氯化钠(NaCl)和乙二醇(EG)基钻井液的采集数据。该评估使用了10组实验粘度数据,这些数据来自实验室配制的钻井液样品a到J,其中含有不同体积的甲酸氯化钠(NaCl)和乙二醇(EG)。利用剪切速率与剪切应力的关系方程,利用MATLAB非线性回归方法确定三种流变模型中最适合实验的模型。采用均方根(R2)、校正均方根(Adj R2)和均方根误差(RMSE)来确定实验数据的拟合优度和偏差程度。数据。在配方中加入高浓度的NaCl和乙二醇,可获得较好的剪切速率。虽然乙二醇的存在可能是改善拟合的原因,但样品E、F和G尽管含有大量甲酸盐,但模型不能有效地拟合数据。从结果来看,幂律模型最不适合,R2为0.881 ~ 0.956,Adj R2为83 ~ 96%,RSME较差,在2 ~ 9范围内。Herschel-Bulkley模型对流体的拟合度较好,R2为0.897 ~ 0.973,Adj为R287 ~ 98%, RSME <3。该模型的三个参数一致性(n)指标值也显示出良好的剪切减薄性能。Bingham塑性模型最适合钻井液流变数据R2 0.93 ~ 0.99, Adj R2 93 ~ 98%, RSME <2。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Exponentially Fitted Collocation Algorithm for Solving nth-Order Fredholm Integrodifferential Equations 指数拟合搭配算法在求解n阶Fredholm积分微分方程中的应用
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.30880/jst.2023.15.01.004
F. Iyanda, Taiwo. O. Adebayo
In this paper, we seek to build and applyan exponentially fitted collocation algorithm (EFCA) for the solutions of nth-order Fredholm type integrodifferential equations. For this purpose, an EFCA was formulated and applied to solvefour examples from the literature. Numerical experiment was performed and the results were compared with the exact solutions, and some existing methods. From the four examples considered, the results obtained showed that the proposed algorithmis fast, efficient, and reliable.
本文试图建立并应用指数拟合搭配算法(EFCA)求解n阶Fredholm型积分微分方程。为此,制定了EFCA,并应用于解决文献中的四个例子。进行了数值实验,并与精确解和现有方法进行了比较。结果表明,该算法快速、高效、可靠。
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引用次数: 0
The Economics of Network Reconfiguration and Shunt Compensation on a 33 kV Distribution Network 33kv配电网重构与并联补偿的经济性研究
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.30880/jst.2023.15.01.003
M. Lawal, A. Olawuyi, Kayode Awomolo, A. Jimoh
This work studies the cost benefits derivable from network reconfiguration and shunt compensation of a Nigerian 33 kV distribution network. The approach adopted requires that the base case power flow analysis of the distribution network was first carried out, after which a shunt capacitor was used for compensation. The introduction of a tie-line in the network and a combination of capacitor and tie-line on same network were also carried out. The costs analysis of compensation and reconfiguration was carried out to understand their financial worthiness. The results obtained showed that the payback period (PP) for the introduction of compensation only, reconfiguration only and combination of compensation and reconfiguration are 1286.89 hr, 328.58 hr and 1043.31 hr, respectively. Though, reconfiguration only gives the least PP, a combination of compensation and reconfiguration has a long time cost benefit. At time above 5147.57 hr, it generates more profit than others.
本文研究了尼日利亚某33kv配电网的网络重构和分流补偿的成本效益。所采用的方法要求首先对配电网进行基本情况潮流分析,然后使用并联电容器进行补偿。在网络中引入了联络线,并在同一网络中进行了电容器与联络线的组合。对薪酬和重组进行了成本分析,以了解其财务价值。结果表明,仅引入薪酬、仅重组和薪酬与重组相结合的投资回收期分别为1286.89、328.58和1043.31小时。虽然重新配置只能获得最小的PP,但补偿和重新配置的组合具有长期的成本效益。当时间高于5147.57小时时,它比其他公司产生更多的利润。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Approximate Methods for Solving Delay Differential Equations with Initial value problems 求解具有初值问题的时滞微分方程的近似方法比较
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.20428/jst.v27i2.2054
Hamood. M. Yousef, S. Alzaeemi
This paper aims to study two approximate analytical methods for solving linear and nonlinear delay differential equations. Approximate approaches are shown in the Variational iteration method and the Adomian decomposition method. Through the conversion of some instances, including linear and nonlinear delay differential equations with initial values, by comparing different approximate methods. The results show that this procedure is accurate and adequate for DDE. Comparisons between the Adomian Decomposition Method and Variational Iteration Method results demonstrate the accuracy of the results obtained from both mentioned methods. The variational iteration method is efficient and convenient based on comparing the results and exact solutions.
本文研究求解线性和非线性时滞微分方程的两种近似解析方法。变分迭代法和Adomian分解法给出了近似方法。通过转换一些实例,包括线性和非线性时滞微分方程的初值,通过比较不同的近似方法。结果表明,该程序是准确的,适合DDE。将Adomian分解法与变分迭代法的计算结果进行比较,验证了两种方法计算结果的准确性。变分迭代法具有计算结果与精确解比较的优点。
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引用次数: 0
Land mines detection, mapping and clearance using Quadcopter in Yemen: A perspective study 也门使用四轴飞行器进行地雷探测、测绘和清除:一项远景研究
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.20428/jst.v27i2.2053
Shawqi Alwatiri, Zakarya Omar, Y. A. Algabri
People who live or work in areas where there have been armed conflicts may face the threat of landmines and explosive hazards, such as unexploded or abandoned ordnance, abandoned military vehicles, and equipment. Therefore, this is a tremendous obstacle to development and construction in such areas, which requires awareness of the threat and appropriate preventive action. This paper aims to facilitate the detection and elimination of planted landmines in Yemen. Two stages are proposed to be implemented in this study for the demining techniques: detection and clearance phases. The first phase uses a Quadcopter with detecting sensors to locate and map the mines' spot, while the second stage uses a Quadcopter to unload a mass on that determined location from a certain height. By employing these two stages, it is expected to quickly and accurately detect the locations of landmines. That will reduce risk, protect human lives, and provide a more efficient and safe way to sweep minefield workers using sample, small, and easy control equipment.
在发生武装冲突地区生活或工作的人可能面临地雷和爆炸性危险的威胁,例如未爆炸或被遗弃的弹药、被遗弃的军用车辆和设备。因此,这是对这些地区的发展和建设的巨大障碍,这需要认识到威胁并采取适当的预防行动。本文旨在促进对也门埋地地雷的探测和消除。本研究建议在排雷技术方面实行两个阶段:探测阶段和清除阶段。第一阶段使用带有探测传感器的四轴飞行器来定位和绘制地雷的位置,而第二阶段使用四轴飞行器从一定高度将物体卸载到确定的位置。通过采用这两个阶段,预期将迅速和准确地探测地雷的位置。这将降低风险,保护人类生命,并提供一种更有效、更安全的方式,使用样本、小型和易于控制的设备来扫除雷区工人。
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引用次数: 0
ERPs in Higher Education Institutions: Motivations, Challenges, and Success Factors 高等教育机构的erp:动机、挑战和成功因素
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.20428/jst.v27i2.2051
Abdulsalam K. Alhazmi, Nasr Alsakkaf, Mohammed Motahar, Ghada M. Alqubati
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPs) are of vital importance to all institutions, especially those involved in higher education (HEIs). However, the level of their implementation among these institutions has shown poor results. Currently, higher education institutions in Malaysia have yet to explore factors leading to the successful implementation of ERPs. There is a lack of research on ERP systems implemented in HEIs, especially regarding their success factors. As such, a literature review was conducted on ERPs in higher education institutions, discussing the advantages of different systems; their obstacles to implementation; and their success factors in HEIs. This review concluded with two theories by which to define the most critical and impactful factors to these systems' success. It is hoped that this review will help HEIs to understand the factors that might lead to the successful implementation of ERPs. In addition, implementing ERPs successfully in higher education will help develop a global competitive advantage, as well as affect the satisfaction levels of stakeholders in HEIs. Whilst investments in ERP systems by modern organisations are becoming increasingly common – especially amongst higher education institutions - the lack of previous empirical research in this environment has neglected the potential benefits of these systems.
企业资源规划系统(erp)对所有院校,特别是涉及高等教育的院校至关重要。然而,这些机构的执行水平显示出较差的结果。目前,马来西亚的高等教育机构尚未探索导致erp成功实施的因素。目前对高校实施ERP系统的研究,特别是对其成功因素的研究较少。因此,本文对高等院校的erp进行了文献回顾,讨论了不同系统的优势;它们对执行的障碍;以及他们在高等院校的成功因素。本文总结了两个理论,通过这些理论来定义这些系统成功的最关键和最具影响力的因素。我们希望是次检讨能协助高等教育院校了解成功推行企业资源规划的因素。此外,在高等教育成功推行企业资源规划,有助建立全球竞争优势,并影响高等教育机构持份者的满意程度。虽然现代组织对ERP系统的投资正变得越来越普遍,尤其是在高等教育机构中,但在这种环境中缺乏以往的实证研究,忽视了这些系统的潜在好处。
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引用次数: 1
Resource Allocation in Fog Computing: A Systematic Review 雾计算中的资源分配:系统综述
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.20428/jst.v27i2.2052
Asma'a Hassan Salem, Ghaleb H. Algaphari
Despite the importance of resource allocation issues, there is no systematic, comprehensive and detailed survey on resource allocation approaches in the fog-computing context. In this article, we provide a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the resource allocation approaches in fog environments in the form of a classical taxonomy to recognize the state-of-the-art mechanisms on this important topic and provide open issues. The presented taxonomy is categorized into three main fields: centralized allocation, decentralized allocation, and integrated allocation (published between 2017 and March 2022). According to what is known in fog computing, load balancing and service placement are among the most important basic parameters that ensure service quality. These fields are classified into four methods, approximate, exact, fundamental, and hybrid. In addition, this article investigates resource allocation metrics with all advantages and limitations related to chosen resource allocation mechanisms in networks.
尽管资源分配问题很重要,但目前还没有对雾计算环境下的资源分配方法进行系统、全面和详细的调查。在本文中,我们以经典分类法的形式对雾环境中的资源分配方法进行了系统文献综述(SLR),以识别这一重要主题的最新机制并提供开放的问题。提出的分类法分为三个主要领域:集中分配、分散分配和综合分配(2017年至2022年3月发布)。根据雾计算中已知的,负载平衡和服务放置是确保服务质量的最重要的基本参数。这些领域分为四种方法,近似,精确,基本和混合。此外,本文还研究了与网络中所选资源分配机制相关的资源分配指标的所有优点和局限性。
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Using Social Engineering for Cybersecurity on the Internet of Things Environment 物联网环境下网络安全社会工程的应用效果
Q3 Multidisciplinary Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.20428/jst.v27i2.2055
Meiad Jrad Hamood Aljrad, Kawther A. Al-Dhlan
Although the Internet of Things (IoT) developers view human users as the weakest cybersecurity link and potentially a deciding factor in IoT security, IoT devices are exposed to a variety of security flaws and vulnerabilities, which most social engineers take advantage of to launch several data-collection attacks. For various purposes, this study looked at improving data security on MySQL databases and web pages by using TSL encryption protocols and the two algorithms (RSA & AES) that correlate with the Internet of Things environment and enable user authentication. The implementation was done on the proposed models and encryption methods used. This study aimed to protect the information that is shared on the Internet and connect IoT devices in a secure environment. The results revealed that the proposed study increased the level of protection with the help of complex conditions specified when registering the user and protecting it against attacks. As a result, one of the most important events that came true is the existence of cybersecurity. It is expected that this research will enhance the understanding of the IoT environment and exploit social engineering attacks to impose security on the IoT environment and preserve the rights of human users.
尽管物联网(IoT)开发人员将人类用户视为最薄弱的网络安全环节,并且可能是物联网安全的决定性因素,但物联网设备暴露于各种安全漏洞和漏洞中,大多数社会工程师利用这些漏洞发动了几次数据收集攻击。出于各种目的,本研究着眼于通过使用TSL加密协议和与物联网环境相关的两种算法(RSA和AES)来提高MySQL数据库和网页的数据安全性,并启用用户身份验证。根据所提出的模型和使用的加密方法进行了实现。该研究旨在保护互联网上共享的信息,并在安全的环境中连接物联网设备。结果显示,拟议的研究通过在注册用户和保护其免受攻击时指定的复杂条件,提高了保护水平。因此,实现的最重要的事件之一就是网络安全的存在。预计这项研究将增强对物联网环境的理解,并利用社会工程攻击来加强物联网环境的安全性,维护人类用户的权利。
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引用次数: 0
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Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology
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