首页 > 最新文献

Structural Concrete最新文献

英文 中文
Machine learning assisted prediction of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube‐incorporated concrete 机器学习辅助预测掺入碳纳米管的混凝土的力学性能
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202400727
Muhammad Imran, Hassan Amjad, Shayan Khan, Shehroze Ali
The incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in concrete can improve the physical, mechanical, and durability properties. However, the interaction of CNTs with concrete and their effect on the mechanical properties remains a challenging issue. Also, the determination of mechanical properties through experimental testing is time‐consuming, laborious, and uneconomical. This study focuses on the development of machine learning (ML) models for the prediction of the mechanical properties of concrete. A comprehensive data set of 758 CNT‐modified concrete specimens was established for the compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values from the experimental studies in the literature. Afterward, the predictive models were developed using multilinear regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), ensemble methods (EN), regression tree (RT), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). It was found that among ML models, the GPR model predicted the CS, STS, and FS at the highest efficiency with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.83, 0.78, and 0.93, respectively while the performance of the SVM model was superior for predicting MOE with an R2 value of 0.91. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the GPR model for CS, STS, FS, and MOE were 2.92, 0.26, 0.35, and 1.31, respectively which were also lesser than other models. The training time of different models demonstrated that the GPR model has also a lower training time (~3 s) as compared to other models which indicates it has a high accuracy‐to‐time cost ratio. Further, the most influential parameters on CS were age, cement, water–cement ratio, and carbon nanotubes. The one‐way partial dependence analysis showed a direct correlation for age and cement but an inverse correlation for the water–cement ratio and fine aggregate. The graphical user interface provides the implication of the developed models for practical applications.
在混凝土中加入碳纳米管(CNTs)可以改善混凝土的物理、机械和耐久性能。然而,碳纳米管与混凝土的相互作用及其对力学性能的影响仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。此外,通过实验测试确定力学性能费时、费力且不经济。本研究的重点是开发用于预测混凝土力学性能的机器学习(ML)模型。根据文献中的实验研究,建立了 758 个 CNT 改性混凝土试件的抗压强度(CS)、劈裂拉伸强度(STS)、抗弯强度(FS)和弹性模量(MOE)值的综合数据集。随后,使用多线性回归(MLR)、支持向量机(SVM)、集合方法(EN)、回归树(RT)和高斯过程回归(GPR)建立了预测模型。结果发现,在 ML 模型中,GPR 模型预测 CS、STS 和 FS 的效率最高,其判定系数(R2)分别为 0.83、0.78 和 0.93,而 SVM 模型在预测 MOE 方面表现更优,其 R2 值为 0.91。GPR 模型预测 CS、STS、FS 和 MOE 的平均绝对误差(MAE)分别为 2.92、0.26、0.35 和 1.31,也小于其他模型。不同模型的训练时间表明,与其他模型相比,GPR 模型的训练时间也较短(约 3 秒),这表明它具有较高的准确度与时间成本比。此外,对 CS 影响最大的参数是龄期、水泥、水灰比和碳纳米管。单向偏相关分析表明,龄期和水泥具有直接相关性,但水灰比和细集料具有反相关性。图形用户界面提供了所开发模型的实际应用意义。
{"title":"Machine learning assisted prediction of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube‐incorporated concrete","authors":"Muhammad Imran, Hassan Amjad, Shayan Khan, Shehroze Ali","doi":"10.1002/suco.202400727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202400727","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in concrete can improve the physical, mechanical, and durability properties. However, the interaction of CNTs with concrete and their effect on the mechanical properties remains a challenging issue. Also, the determination of mechanical properties through experimental testing is time‐consuming, laborious, and uneconomical. This study focuses on the development of machine learning (ML) models for the prediction of the mechanical properties of concrete. A comprehensive data set of 758 CNT‐modified concrete specimens was established for the compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values from the experimental studies in the literature. Afterward, the predictive models were developed using multilinear regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), ensemble methods (EN), regression tree (RT), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). It was found that among ML models, the GPR model predicted the CS, STS, and FS at the highest efficiency with the coefficient of determination (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) of 0.83, 0.78, and 0.93, respectively while the performance of the SVM model was superior for predicting MOE with an <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> value of 0.91. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the GPR model for CS, STS, FS, and MOE were 2.92, 0.26, 0.35, and 1.31, respectively which were also lesser than other models. The training time of different models demonstrated that the GPR model has also a lower training time (~3 s) as compared to other models which indicates it has a high accuracy‐to‐time cost ratio. Further, the most influential parameters on CS were age, cement, water–cement ratio, and carbon nanotubes. The one‐way partial dependence analysis showed a direct correlation for age and cement but an inverse correlation for the water–cement ratio and fine aggregate. The graphical user interface provides the implication of the developed models for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An analytical solution for shear bearing capacity of circumferential joints of precast concrete segmental tunnel linings considering dowel action 考虑镙栓作用的预制混凝土节段式隧道衬砌圆周接缝抗剪承载力分析解决方案
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202400250
Rizwan Amjad, Yumeng Zhang, Xian Liu
The capacity of the circumferential joint of the precast concrete segmental tunnel lining (PCTL) structure in terms of shear performance principally includes the dowel action by connector/bolt as well as friction force, and it is a vital parameter to assess the mechanical response of the circumferential joint. Further, as there was no analytical model available for precise estimation of a circumferential joint in terms of the shear‐bearing capacity considering the dowel action of the bolt in the presence of axial/normal force, therefore in this investigation, an analytical model has been proposed to estimate the shear‐bearing capacity of the circumferential joint. Furthermore, the analytical model's precision and accuracy were validated via large‐scale experimental investigation on a circumferential joint of PCTL. Upon comparing analytical model outcomes with experimental results, absolute error varied between +5% and −9%, with an average value of the coefficient of friction at the yield point of the bolt. Moreover, the formation of hinges on the side of the bolt within the segment was considered a failure of the circumferential joint. Additionally, the parametric investigation revealed that with just a 1% change in axial force, the diameter, pre‐tightening, and yield strength of the bolt and concrete strength improved by 2.85%, 1%, 0.27%, 0.26% and 0.17% shear‐bearing capacity of the circumferential joint respectively. Axial force variation greatly influences the shear‐bearing capacity of circumferential joint followed by diameter, pre‐tightening, yield strength of the bolt, and concrete strength. Conclusively, with analysis of axial force distribution around the ring for the tunnel, the proposed model has been applied to a full ring to estimate shear bearing capacity.
预制混凝土节段式隧道衬砌(PCTL)结构圆周连接处的抗剪能力主要包括连接件/螺栓的榫卯作用以及摩擦力,是评估圆周连接处机械响应的重要参数。此外,考虑到螺栓在轴向力/法向力作用下的榫销作用,目前还没有分析模型可用于精确估算圆周连接的剪切承载能力,因此本研究提出了一个分析模型来估算圆周连接的剪切承载能力。此外,通过对 PCTL 周向接头进行大规模实验研究,验证了分析模型的精度和准确性。将分析模型结果与实验结果进行比较后发现,绝对误差在 +5% 到 -9% 之间,平均值为螺栓屈服点处的摩擦系数。此外,段内螺栓一侧铰链的形成被认为是圆周连接的失效。此外,参数调查显示,轴向力仅变化 1%,螺栓直径、预紧力、屈服强度和混凝土强度就分别提高了 2.85%、1%、0.27%、0.26% 和 0.17%,圆周连接的抗剪承载力也分别提高了 1%、0.27%、0.26% 和 0.17%。轴向力变化对圆周连接的剪切承载能力影响很大,其次是直径、预紧力、螺栓屈服强度和混凝土强度。最后,通过对隧道环向轴向力分布的分析,提出的模型已应用于全环的剪切承载力估算。
{"title":"An analytical solution for shear bearing capacity of circumferential joints of precast concrete segmental tunnel linings considering dowel action","authors":"Rizwan Amjad, Yumeng Zhang, Xian Liu","doi":"10.1002/suco.202400250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202400250","url":null,"abstract":"The capacity of the circumferential joint of the precast concrete segmental tunnel lining (PCTL) structure in terms of shear performance principally includes the dowel action by connector/bolt as well as friction force, and it is a vital parameter to assess the mechanical response of the circumferential joint. Further, as there was no analytical model available for precise estimation of a circumferential joint in terms of the shear‐bearing capacity considering the dowel action of the bolt in the presence of axial/normal force, therefore in this investigation, an analytical model has been proposed to estimate the shear‐bearing capacity of the circumferential joint. Furthermore, the analytical model's precision and accuracy were validated via large‐scale experimental investigation on a circumferential joint of PCTL. Upon comparing analytical model outcomes with experimental results, absolute error varied between +5% and −9%, with an average value of the coefficient of friction at the yield point of the bolt. Moreover, the formation of hinges on the side of the bolt within the segment was considered a failure of the circumferential joint. Additionally, the parametric investigation revealed that with just a 1% change in axial force, the diameter, pre‐tightening, and yield strength of the bolt and concrete strength improved by 2.85%, 1%, 0.27%, 0.26% and 0.17% shear‐bearing capacity of the circumferential joint respectively. Axial force variation greatly influences the shear‐bearing capacity of circumferential joint followed by diameter, pre‐tightening, yield strength of the bolt, and concrete strength. Conclusively, with analysis of axial force distribution around the ring for the tunnel, the proposed model has been applied to a full ring to estimate shear bearing capacity.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shear performance of basalt fiber composite RC beams with different laminated heights of basalt fiber 不同叠层高度玄武岩纤维复合 RC 梁的剪切性能
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202400032
Ting Xia, Wei Zhang, Min Huang, Hua Huang
Basalt fiber (BF) is known for its high tensile strength, low elastic modulus, and environmental friendliness. To investigate the influence of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) lamination heights on the beams' shear performance, four basalt fiber reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete (BFRC‐RC) beams featuring diverse laminated heights were fabricated and underwent bending tests. To further investigate the impact of stirrup and shear span ratios on the shear performance of BFRC‐RC beams, finite element models (FEMs) were established based on the experiments. The results indicated that four test beams experienced diagonal shear failure. Compared to RC beams, BFRC‐RC beams exhibited heightened ductility and stiffness. Additionally, as the BFRC laminated height rose, both cracking and peak loads increased. Compared to BFRC‐RC beams without stirrups, stirrups in those beams transitioned the diagonal shear failure to flexural failure. Stirrups in BFRC‐RC beams increased both the yield and peak loads, thereby enhancing their ductility. With a reduction in the shear span ratio, BFRC‐RC beams increased in both yield and peak loads, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in yield and peak displacement. Finally, a model incorporating the influence of laminated height on BFRC‐RC beams' behavior was introduced to predict their bearing capacity. The theoretical values aligned well with the experimental results.
玄武岩纤维(BF)以高抗拉强度、低弹性模量和环保著称。为了研究玄武岩纤维加固混凝土(BFRC)叠合高度对梁剪切性能的影响,我们制作了四种具有不同叠合高度的玄武岩纤维加固混凝土和钢筋混凝土(BFRC-RC)梁,并对其进行了弯曲试验。为了进一步研究箍筋和剪切跨度比对 BFRC-RC 梁的剪切性能的影响,在实验的基础上建立了有限元模型(FEM)。结果表明,四根试验梁发生了斜剪破坏。与 RC 梁相比,BFRC-RC 梁表现出更高的延展性和刚度。此外,随着 BFRC 层叠高度的增加,开裂和峰值载荷也随之增加。与没有箍筋的 BFRC-RC 梁相比,这些梁中的箍筋使斜剪破坏过渡到了挠曲破坏。BFRC-RC 梁中的箍筋增加了屈服荷载和峰值荷载,从而提高了其延性。随着剪跨比的减小,BFRC-RC 梁的屈服荷载和峰值荷载都有所增加,同时屈服位移和峰值位移也有所减小。最后,我们引入了一个包含层叠高度对 BFRC-RC 梁行为影响的模型来预测其承载能力。理论值与实验结果非常吻合。
{"title":"Shear performance of basalt fiber composite RC beams with different laminated heights of basalt fiber","authors":"Ting Xia, Wei Zhang, Min Huang, Hua Huang","doi":"10.1002/suco.202400032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202400032","url":null,"abstract":"Basalt fiber (BF) is known for its high tensile strength, low elastic modulus, and environmental friendliness. To investigate the influence of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) lamination heights on the beams' shear performance, four basalt fiber reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete (BFRC‐RC) beams featuring diverse laminated heights were fabricated and underwent bending tests. To further investigate the impact of stirrup and shear span ratios on the shear performance of BFRC‐RC beams, finite element models (FEMs) were established based on the experiments. The results indicated that four test beams experienced diagonal shear failure. Compared to RC beams, BFRC‐RC beams exhibited heightened ductility and stiffness. Additionally, as the BFRC laminated height rose, both cracking and peak loads increased. Compared to BFRC‐RC beams without stirrups, stirrups in those beams transitioned the diagonal shear failure to flexural failure. Stirrups in BFRC‐RC beams increased both the yield and peak loads, thereby enhancing their ductility. With a reduction in the shear span ratio, BFRC‐RC beams increased in both yield and peak loads, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in yield and peak displacement. Finally, a model incorporating the influence of laminated height on BFRC‐RC beams' behavior was introduced to predict their bearing capacity. The theoretical values aligned well with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"66 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Probabilistic evaluation of failure time of reinforced concrete frame in post‐earthquake fire scenario 震后火灾情况下钢筋混凝土框架破坏时间的概率评估
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202300353
Majid Moradi, HamidReza Tavakoli, GholamReza Abdollahzade
This paper aims at assessing the failure time of a 7‐story reinforced concrete (RC) frame in a post‐earthquake fire (PEF) event probabilistically. Cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the studied frame's failure time in various seismic load intensities have been calculated and presented with the aid of Monte Carlo analysis. Seismic load intensity, failure time, and failure probability are three parameters that are correlated through probabilistic analysis. The effects of cracking, spalling, and residual deformations resulted from the seismic load are considered in the strength of structure against the fire load. Seismic load intensity, materials properties, gravity load, and geometry are considered as random variables and one probabilistic analysis has been carried out for each seismic load intensity. The results have illustrated that in low seismic load intensities, probabilistic values of failure time in a structure subjected to pure fire load are equal to the one exposed to PEF. With the increase of seismic load intensity, the effects of cracking, spalling, and residual deformations would lead to a decline in the strength of structural elements against PEF scenario. The failure time in 50% failure probability for Sa = 0.2 g, Sa = 1 g, and Sa = 2 g intensities has been calculated as 14,300, 12,200, and 5100 s, respectively. The analysis results have shown that in an unspecified seismic load intensity, the failure time of the 7‐story RC frame for the 50% occurrence probability is equal to 9750 s.
本文旨在从概率角度评估一个 7 层钢筋混凝土(RC)框架在震后火灾(PEF)事件中的破坏时间。借助蒙特卡罗分析法,计算并展示了所研究框架在不同地震荷载烈度下破坏时间的累积分布函数(CDF)。地震荷载强度、破坏时间和破坏概率这三个参数通过概率分析相互关联。在计算结构抗火荷载强度时,考虑了地震荷载产生的开裂、剥落和残余变形的影响。地震荷载强度、材料特性、重力荷载和几何形状被视为随机变量,并对每种地震荷载强度进行了一次概率分析。结果表明,在地震荷载强度较低的情况下,承受纯火灾荷载的结构的破坏时间概率值与承受 PEF 的结构的破坏时间概率值相等。随着地震荷载强度的增加,开裂、剥落和残余变形的影响将导致结构构件在 PEF 情况下的强度下降。经计算,在 Sa = 0.2 g、Sa = 1 g 和 Sa = 2 g 强度下,50%破坏概率下的破坏时间分别为 14 300 秒、12 200 秒和 5100 秒。分析结果表明,在未指定的地震荷载烈度下,发生概率为 50%的 7 层 RC 框架的破坏时间等于 9750 秒。
{"title":"Probabilistic evaluation of failure time of reinforced concrete frame in post‐earthquake fire scenario","authors":"Majid Moradi, HamidReza Tavakoli, GholamReza Abdollahzade","doi":"10.1002/suco.202300353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202300353","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at assessing the failure time of a 7‐story reinforced concrete (RC) frame in a post‐earthquake fire (PEF) event probabilistically. Cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the studied frame's failure time in various seismic load intensities have been calculated and presented with the aid of Monte Carlo analysis. Seismic load intensity, failure time, and failure probability are three parameters that are correlated through probabilistic analysis. The effects of cracking, spalling, and residual deformations resulted from the seismic load are considered in the strength of structure against the fire load. Seismic load intensity, materials properties, gravity load, and geometry are considered as random variables and one probabilistic analysis has been carried out for each seismic load intensity. The results have illustrated that in low seismic load intensities, probabilistic values of failure time in a structure subjected to pure fire load are equal to the one exposed to PEF. With the increase of seismic load intensity, the effects of cracking, spalling, and residual deformations would lead to a decline in the strength of structural elements against PEF scenario. The failure time in 50% failure probability for Sa = 0.2 g, Sa = 1 g, and Sa = 2 g intensities has been calculated as 14,300, 12,200, and 5100 s, respectively. The analysis results have shown that in an unspecified seismic load intensity, the failure time of the 7‐story RC frame for the 50% occurrence probability is equal to 9750 s.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simplified method for predicting the internal forces in strut‐and‐tie model of cable pylon anchorage zone in a cable‐stayed bridge 斜拉桥索塔锚固区支柱-系杆模型内力的简化预测方法
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202300926
Shengyu Li, Erwin Lim, Zhengqing Chen, Yu Hong, Qianhui Pu
The mechanical behavior of cable pylon anchorage zone in a cable‐stayed bridge is complex due to high localized stresses. A strut‐and‐tie model (STM) has been introduced in this paper, which is recommended as an efficient way to analyze the disturbed region. However, predicting the internal forces in the tie members in the STM by integrating stresses was time‐consuming and inefficient. To address this issue, the principle of minimum strain energy was used to analyze the STM of the cable pylon anchorage zone. A simplified method was presented to assess the internal forces in the cable pylon anchorage zone. Moreover, an actual bridge (Cao'e River Bridge) was employed to be analyzed, and the prestressed steel strands in the bridge were obtained by the simplified method. A full‐scale test model of the bridge was fabricated to validate the accuracy of the simplified method. Furthermore, based on the simplified method, the effect of the thickness of front wall, the length of inner opening straight section, the thickness of side wall, the thickness of inner wall and the width of inner opening straight section on the internal force in the tie members in the STM was studied. The results show that the length of inner opening straight section has negligible effect on the internal forces in all tie members. Compared with the thickness of the side wall, the thickness of inner wall and the width of inner opening straight section have limited effect on the internal force of tie members. This study was expected to promote the design of cable pylon anchorage zone.
由于局部应力较大,斜拉桥索塔锚固区的力学行为非常复杂。本文介绍了一种支杆-拉杆模型(STM),建议将其作为分析受扰区域的一种有效方法。然而,在 STM 中通过应力积分来预测拉杆构件的内力既费时又低效。为解决这一问题,本文采用了最小应变能原理来分析索塔锚固区的 STM。提出了一种简化方法来评估索塔锚固区的内力。此外,还采用了一座实际桥梁(曹娥江大桥)进行分析,并通过简化方法获得了该桥的预应力钢绞线。为了验证简化方法的准确性,还制作了大桥的全尺寸试验模型。此外,基于简化方法,还研究了 STM 中前壁厚度、内侧开口直线段长度、侧壁厚度、内壁厚度和内侧开口直线段宽度对拉杆内力的影响。结果表明,内开口直线段的长度对所有拉杆构件内力的影响可以忽略不计。与侧壁厚度相比,内壁厚度和内开口直线段宽度对拉杆内力的影响有限。该研究有望促进索塔锚固区的设计。
{"title":"Simplified method for predicting the internal forces in strut‐and‐tie model of cable pylon anchorage zone in a cable‐stayed bridge","authors":"Shengyu Li, Erwin Lim, Zhengqing Chen, Yu Hong, Qianhui Pu","doi":"10.1002/suco.202300926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202300926","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical behavior of cable pylon anchorage zone in a cable‐stayed bridge is complex due to high localized stresses. A strut‐and‐tie model (STM) has been introduced in this paper, which is recommended as an efficient way to analyze the disturbed region. However, predicting the internal forces in the tie members in the STM by integrating stresses was time‐consuming and inefficient. To address this issue, the principle of minimum strain energy was used to analyze the STM of the cable pylon anchorage zone. A simplified method was presented to assess the internal forces in the cable pylon anchorage zone. Moreover, an actual bridge (Cao'e River Bridge) was employed to be analyzed, and the prestressed steel strands in the bridge were obtained by the simplified method. A full‐scale test model of the bridge was fabricated to validate the accuracy of the simplified method. Furthermore, based on the simplified method, the effect of the thickness of front wall, the length of inner opening straight section, the thickness of side wall, the thickness of inner wall and the width of inner opening straight section on the internal force in the tie members in the STM was studied. The results show that the length of inner opening straight section has negligible effect on the internal forces in all tie members. Compared with the thickness of the side wall, the thickness of inner wall and the width of inner opening straight section have limited effect on the internal force of tie members. This study was expected to promote the design of cable pylon anchorage zone.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ductility‐oriented design of UHPC T‐beams: Mechanical model and design recommendations 超高性能混凝土 T 型梁的延性设计:力学模型和设计建议
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202400214
Mujahed Alsomiri, Zhao Liu, Tao Wang, Jie Meng
Ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) has recently become a major focus garnering substantial attention due to its remarkable mechanical properties. UHPC has been increasingly employed across diverse projects in the construction industry. However, the structural ductility of UHPC members has yet to be fully established and is often compromised by the manifestation of the crack localization phenomenon. This paper presents the flexural test results of five T‐beams and introduces a model for predicting the flexural capacity and failure modes of UHPC T‐beams. The model employs the curvature ductility index as a measurement for evaluating and ensuring the member's ductility. The results show that the flexural behavior of UHPC T‐beams can be characterized by four key points representing cracking, reinforcement yielding, crack localization, and post‐localization capacity. The validity of the model is substantiated by experimental data from this study and complemented by test data collected from the literature. The proposed model is then employed to derive ductility‐oriented design limits, including minimum and maximum reinforcement ratios and minimum localization strain capacity. Finally, the paper summarizes the design recommendations and provides a classification of section conditions, reinforcement limits, localization strain limits, adequate ductility range, and the feasible ductile design range.
超高性能混凝土(UHPC)因其卓越的机械性能而成为近期备受关注的焦点。在建筑行业的各种项目中,越来越多地采用了超高性能混凝土。然而,超高性能混凝土构件的结构延展性尚未完全确定,而且经常因裂缝局部化现象的出现而受到影响。本文展示了五根 T 型梁的抗弯试验结果,并介绍了一种用于预测 UHPC T 型梁抗弯能力和破坏模式的模型。该模型采用曲率延性指数作为评估和确保构件延性的测量方法。结果表明,UHPC T 型梁的抗弯行为可通过代表开裂、钢筋屈服、裂缝定位和定位后承载力的四个关键点来表征。本研究的实验数据证实了该模型的有效性,文献中收集的测试数据也对其进行了补充。然后,利用所提出的模型推导出以延性为导向的设计限制,包括最小和最大配筋率以及最小局部应变能力。最后,本文总结了设计建议,并对截面条件、配筋限制、局部应变限制、足够延性范围和可行延性设计范围进行了分类。
{"title":"Ductility‐oriented design of UHPC T‐beams: Mechanical model and design recommendations","authors":"Mujahed Alsomiri, Zhao Liu, Tao Wang, Jie Meng","doi":"10.1002/suco.202400214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202400214","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) has recently become a major focus garnering substantial attention due to its remarkable mechanical properties. UHPC has been increasingly employed across diverse projects in the construction industry. However, the structural ductility of UHPC members has yet to be fully established and is often compromised by the manifestation of the crack localization phenomenon. This paper presents the flexural test results of five T‐beams and introduces a model for predicting the flexural capacity and failure modes of UHPC T‐beams. The model employs the curvature ductility index as a measurement for evaluating and ensuring the member's ductility. The results show that the flexural behavior of UHPC T‐beams can be characterized by four key points representing cracking, reinforcement yielding, crack localization, and post‐localization capacity. The validity of the model is substantiated by experimental data from this study and complemented by test data collected from the literature. The proposed model is then employed to derive ductility‐oriented design limits, including minimum and maximum reinforcement ratios and minimum localization strain capacity. Finally, the paper summarizes the design recommendations and provides a classification of section conditions, reinforcement limits, localization strain limits, adequate ductility range, and the feasible ductile design range.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of fire severity and concrete properties on the thermo‐hygral behavior of concrete during fire exposure 火灾严重程度和混凝土特性对火灾期间混凝土热息行为的影响
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202400067
Umang Pulkit, Satadru Das Adhikary, Venkatesh Kodur
Since the world is transitioning toward performance based design, the study of thermo‐hygral behavior of concrete when subjected to real fire becomes crucial. Fire accidents have revealed that nominal fire curves cannot be applied because of varying severity of real fire. In 2008, traveling fire concept was developed in which severity is dependent on heat release rate and fire size. This study explores the effect of fire severity and other concrete properties like strength, aggregate type, and relative humidity. The proposed model has been developed by combining the principles of mechanics and thermodynamics and upon validation with the experimental results, a reasonable agreement has been observed. It can be concluded that severity of fire is directly related to thermo‐hygral behavior of concrete. On the other hand, this study also highlights the influence of type of aggregate and moisture content in addition to the traditional variables like volume fraction of solid and permeability. On studying the influence of type of aggregate, it can be concluded that recycled aggregate concrete performed better than conventional concrete. The integration of proposed model in the performance based design is a leap toward development of resilient structure subjected to dynamic fire conditions.
由于全球正在向基于性能的设计过渡,因此研究混凝土在实际火灾中的热热力行为变得至关重要。火灾事故表明,由于真实火灾的严重程度不同,因此无法采用名义火灾曲线。2008 年,提出了行火概念,其严重程度取决于热释放率和火灾规模。本研究探讨了火灾严重程度和其他混凝土特性(如强度、骨料类型和相对湿度)的影响。结合力学和热力学原理建立了拟议模型,并与实验结果进行了验证,发现两者之间存在合理的一致性。由此可以得出结论,火灾的严重程度与混凝土的热函行为直接相关。另一方面,除了固体体积分数和渗透性等传统变量外,本研究还强调了骨料类型和含水量的影响。通过研究骨料类型的影响,可以得出结论:再生骨料混凝土的性能优于传统混凝土。在基于性能的设计中整合所提出的模型,是朝着开发受动态火灾条件影响的弹性结构迈出的一大步。
{"title":"Influence of fire severity and concrete properties on the thermo‐hygral behavior of concrete during fire exposure","authors":"Umang Pulkit, Satadru Das Adhikary, Venkatesh Kodur","doi":"10.1002/suco.202400067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202400067","url":null,"abstract":"Since the world is transitioning toward performance based design, the study of thermo‐hygral behavior of concrete when subjected to real fire becomes crucial. Fire accidents have revealed that nominal fire curves cannot be applied because of varying severity of real fire. In 2008, traveling fire concept was developed in which severity is dependent on heat release rate and fire size. This study explores the effect of fire severity and other concrete properties like strength, aggregate type, and relative humidity. The proposed model has been developed by combining the principles of mechanics and thermodynamics and upon validation with the experimental results, a reasonable agreement has been observed. It can be concluded that severity of fire is directly related to thermo‐hygral behavior of concrete. On the other hand, this study also highlights the influence of type of aggregate and moisture content in addition to the traditional variables like volume fraction of solid and permeability. On studying the influence of type of aggregate, it can be concluded that recycled aggregate concrete performed better than conventional concrete. The integration of proposed model in the performance based design is a leap toward development of resilient structure subjected to dynamic fire conditions.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on the mechanical performance of circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns under bending‐torsional coupling 弯曲-扭转耦合作用下圆形混凝土填充钢管柱的力学性能研究
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202400128
Fa‐xing Ding, Xin‐yu Huang, Chen‐jie Gong, Zheng‐bo Pi
Under the influence of wind and horizontal seismic forces, structures such as piers in curved beam bridges, main arches of steel tube concrete arch bridges, and frame columns may experience combined bending‐torsion stress states, affecting the safe usage of the structure. To investigate the mechanical performance of circular concrete‐filled steel tube(CFST) columns under bending‐torsional coupling, a three‐dimensional solid‐shell finite element model of circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns under various bending and torsion ratios (k) was established using ABAQUS software, and validated with existing experiments on such columns under bending‐torsional loading. Parametric analysis was conducted to explore the trends of interface slip and the restraining effect in circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns under different bending and torsion ratios, analyzing the impact of parameters such as the yield strength of steel, concrete strength, steel content in the cross‐section, and shear–span ratio on the combined bearing capacity. The results of the parametric analysis show that: (1) with the increase of k, the relative slip at the interface between the core concrete and the outer steel tube first increases and then decreases, with interface slip leading to a reduction in the load‐bearing capacity; (2) the relative slip at the interface between the core concrete and the outer steel tube first increases and then decreases, with interface slip leading to a reduction in the load‐bearing capacity; (3) with the increase of k, the circumferential and axial stresses in the steel tube surface of the circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns increase, while the shear stress decreases, leading to a transition in the failure mode of the columns from combined bending‐torsional failure to bending‐shear failure. Based on these findings, a practical calculation formula for the bending‐torsional combined bearing capacity of circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns is proposed, offering high calculation accuracy and serving as a reference for the design of such components.
在风力和水平地震力的作用下,曲线梁桥的桥墩、钢管混凝土拱桥的主拱以及框架柱等结构会出现弯扭组合应力状态,影响结构的安全使用。为研究弯扭耦合作用下圆形混凝土填充钢管(CFST)柱的力学性能,利用 ABAQUS 软件建立了不同弯扭比(k)下圆形混凝土填充钢管柱的三维实体-壳体有限元模型,并与现有弯扭荷载下此类柱的实验进行了验证。通过参数分析,探讨了不同弯扭比下圆形混凝土填充钢管柱的界面滑移趋势和约束效应,分析了钢材屈服强度、混凝土强度、截面含钢量和剪跨比等参数对综合承载力的影响。参数分析结果表明(1) 随着 k 的增大,核心混凝土与外层钢管之间界面的相对滑移先增大后减小,界面滑移导致承载能力降低;(2) 核心混凝土与外层钢管之间界面的相对滑移先增大后减小,界面滑移导致承载能力降低;(3) 随着 k 的增大,圆形混凝土填充钢管柱钢管表面的圆周应力和轴向应力增大,而剪应力减小,导致钢管柱的破坏模式从弯曲-扭转联合破坏过渡到弯曲-剪切破坏。基于这些发现,提出了一种实用的圆形混凝土填充钢管柱弯曲扭转组合承载力计算公式,具有较高的计算精度,可作为此类构件设计的参考。
{"title":"Research on the mechanical performance of circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns under bending‐torsional coupling","authors":"Fa‐xing Ding, Xin‐yu Huang, Chen‐jie Gong, Zheng‐bo Pi","doi":"10.1002/suco.202400128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202400128","url":null,"abstract":"Under the influence of wind and horizontal seismic forces, structures such as piers in curved beam bridges, main arches of steel tube concrete arch bridges, and frame columns may experience combined bending‐torsion stress states, affecting the safe usage of the structure. To investigate the mechanical performance of circular concrete‐filled steel tube(CFST) columns under bending‐torsional coupling, a three‐dimensional solid‐shell finite element model of circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns under various bending and torsion ratios (<jats:italic>k</jats:italic>) was established using ABAQUS software, and validated with existing experiments on such columns under bending‐torsional loading. Parametric analysis was conducted to explore the trends of interface slip and the restraining effect in circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns under different bending and torsion ratios, analyzing the impact of parameters such as the yield strength of steel, concrete strength, steel content in the cross‐section, and shear–span ratio on the combined bearing capacity. The results of the parametric analysis show that: (1) with the increase of <jats:italic>k</jats:italic>, the relative slip at the interface between the core concrete and the outer steel tube first increases and then decreases, with interface slip leading to a reduction in the load‐bearing capacity; (2) the relative slip at the interface between the core concrete and the outer steel tube first increases and then decreases, with interface slip leading to a reduction in the load‐bearing capacity; (3) with the increase of <jats:italic>k</jats:italic>, the circumferential and axial stresses in the steel tube surface of the circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns increase, while the shear stress decreases, leading to a transition in the failure mode of the columns from combined bending‐torsional failure to bending‐shear failure. Based on these findings, a practical calculation formula for the bending‐torsional combined bearing capacity of circular concrete‐filled steel tube columns is proposed, offering high calculation accuracy and serving as a reference for the design of such components.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predicting slump for high‐performance concrete using decision tree and support vector regression approaches coupled with phasor particle swarm optimization algorithm 利用决策树和支持向量回归方法以及相位粒子群优化算法预测高性能混凝土的坍落度
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202300450
Qingmei Sun, Yu Gongping
The main focus of this study is to assess the slump characteristics of high‐performance concrete (HPC) using decision tree (DT) and support vector regression (SVR) models. In the first step, the models were solely fed via HPC samples to reproduce the slump rates. By coupling phasor particle swarm optimization (PPSO) to main models, hybrid DT‐PPSO and SVR‐PPSO frameworks, simulate the slump rates accurately. Using the correlation of determination and root mean square error (MAE) metrics for the DT, 96.04 and 5.097 were computed, respectively. SVR was obtained at 92.62 and 6.965, alternatively. In the hybrid approach, DT‐PPSO could improve by 3% and 55% in terms of correlation of determination and root MAE, respectively. DT‐PPSO appeared high‐accuracy model compared to others; however, a single DT had more desirable results than SVR. Overall, the advantages of this study encompass its methodological approach, comparative insights, and practical relevance, offering valuable contributions to the understanding and prediction of mechanical slump in HPC.
本研究的重点是利用决策树(DT)和支持向量回归(SVR)模型评估高性能混凝土(HPC)的坍落度特性。第一步,模型仅通过 HPC 样本来再现坍落度。通过将相位粒子群优化(PPSO)与主要模型耦合,混合 DT-PPSO 和 SVR-PPSO 框架准确地模拟了坍落度。利用 DT 的判定相关性和均方根误差(MAE)指标,分别计算出 96.04 和 5.097。SVR 分别为 92.62 和 6.965。在混合方法中,DT-PPSO 在判定相关性和根 MAE 方面分别提高了 3% 和 55%。与其他模型相比,DT-PPSO 看起来是高精度模型;然而,单一 DT 比 SVR 有更理想的结果。总之,本研究的优势在于其方法、比较见解和实用性,为理解和预测 HPC 的机械坍落度做出了宝贵贡献。
{"title":"Predicting slump for high‐performance concrete using decision tree and support vector regression approaches coupled with phasor particle swarm optimization algorithm","authors":"Qingmei Sun, Yu Gongping","doi":"10.1002/suco.202300450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202300450","url":null,"abstract":"The main focus of this study is to assess the slump characteristics of high‐performance concrete (HPC) using decision tree (DT) and support vector regression (SVR) models. In the first step, the models were solely fed via HPC samples to reproduce the slump rates. By coupling phasor particle swarm optimization (PPSO) to main models, hybrid DT‐PPSO and SVR‐PPSO frameworks, simulate the slump rates accurately. Using the correlation of determination and root mean square error (MAE) metrics for the DT, 96.04 and 5.097 were computed, respectively. SVR was obtained at 92.62 and 6.965, alternatively. In the hybrid approach, DT‐PPSO could improve by 3% and 55% in terms of correlation of determination and root MAE, respectively. DT‐PPSO appeared high‐accuracy model compared to others; however, a single DT had more desirable results than SVR. Overall, the advantages of this study encompass its methodological approach, comparative insights, and practical relevance, offering valuable contributions to the understanding and prediction of mechanical slump in HPC.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shear and interface shear fatigue of semi‐precast slabs with lattice girders under cyclic loading 带有格构梁的半预制板在循环荷载下的剪切疲劳和界面剪切疲劳
IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q2 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/suco.202400219
Matthias Hillebrand, Annkathrin Sinning, Josef Hegger
More and more often, semi‐precast reinforced concrete slabs with lattice girders are employed for industrial buildings or bridges, where they are exposed to high cycle fatigue loading. Despite research in recent years that has led to the formulation of an SN curve for lattice girders, the effects of cyclic loading on semi‐precast slabs have not yet been sufficiently clarified. Moreover, research has so far been limited to single‐span slabs. The effects of continuous slab systems, which are mainly realized in buildings and bridges, cannot be considered in the calculation of fatigue resistance yet. To improve the fatigue design concept for shear and interface shear, theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted at the Institute of Structural Concrete, RWTH Aachen University. In addition to the fatigue behavior of 16 tests under cyclic loading, particular attention is paid to the increase in shear and interface shear resistance at the inner support of continuous slabs. Furthermore, the influences of the support detailing were investigated. The findings illustrate further potential for optimization of the design under cyclic loading.
工业建筑或桥梁越来越多地采用带有格构梁的半预制钢筋混凝土板,这些板要承受高循环疲劳荷载。尽管近年来的研究已经得出了格构梁的 S-N 曲线,但循环载荷对半预制板的影响尚未得到充分阐明。此外,迄今为止的研究仅限于单跨楼板。主要在建筑物和桥梁中实现的连续板系统的影响还无法在抗疲劳计算中加以考虑。为了改进剪切和界面剪切的疲劳设计概念,亚琛工业大学混凝土结构研究所进行了理论和实验研究。除了循环加载下 16 次测试的疲劳行为外,还特别关注了连续板内支撑处剪切和界面剪切阻力的增加。此外,还研究了支撑细节的影响。研究结果表明了在循环荷载下优化设计的进一步潜力。
{"title":"Shear and interface shear fatigue of semi‐precast slabs with lattice girders under cyclic loading","authors":"Matthias Hillebrand, Annkathrin Sinning, Josef Hegger","doi":"10.1002/suco.202400219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202400219","url":null,"abstract":"More and more often, semi‐precast reinforced concrete slabs with lattice girders are employed for industrial buildings or bridges, where they are exposed to high cycle fatigue loading. Despite research in recent years that has led to the formulation of an <jats:italic>S</jats:italic>–<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> curve for lattice girders, the effects of cyclic loading on semi‐precast slabs have not yet been sufficiently clarified. Moreover, research has so far been limited to single‐span slabs. The effects of continuous slab systems, which are mainly realized in buildings and bridges, cannot be considered in the calculation of fatigue resistance yet. To improve the fatigue design concept for shear and interface shear, theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted at the Institute of Structural Concrete, RWTH Aachen University. In addition to the fatigue behavior of 16 tests under cyclic loading, particular attention is paid to the increase in shear and interface shear resistance at the inner support of continuous slabs. Furthermore, the influences of the support detailing were investigated. The findings illustrate further potential for optimization of the design under cyclic loading.","PeriodicalId":21988,"journal":{"name":"Structural Concrete","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Structural Concrete
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1