Pub Date : 2021-05-10DOI: 10.1163/15685306-BJA10046
S. Lucrezi, E. Gennari
Beach-based recreation is an important ecosystem service. Its management relies on balancing human needs and the integrity of coastal ecosystems. Management, however, can be unbalanced in favor of the former, for example, through bather safety programs that are lethal to sharks and other marine species. The promotion of eco-friendlier shark control strategies is underpinned by an understanding of human engagement with shark hazard mitigation (SHM). This study used a questionnaire survey to assess beach visitors’ (N = 843) perceptions of SHM at locations implementing lethal and nonlethal shark control in South Africa. Perceptions were dependent on demography, water use, attitudes towards sharks, and local contexts. Elements requiring attention encompassed the role of fear in shaping perceptions, limited awareness of local SHM, misunderstanding of the ecological harm of some mitigation types, and personal responsibility in mitigating risks. Strategies to garner support for pro-shark beach-based recreation are discussed.
{"title":"Perceptions of Shark Hazard Mitigation at Beaches Implementing Lethal and Nonlethal Shark Control Programs","authors":"S. Lucrezi, E. Gennari","doi":"10.1163/15685306-BJA10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-BJA10046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Beach-based recreation is an important ecosystem service. Its management relies on balancing human needs and the integrity of coastal ecosystems. Management, however, can be unbalanced in favor of the former, for example, through bather safety programs that are lethal to sharks and other marine species. The promotion of eco-friendlier shark control strategies is underpinned by an understanding of human engagement with shark hazard mitigation (SHM). This study used a questionnaire survey to assess beach visitors’ (N = 843) perceptions of SHM at locations implementing lethal and nonlethal shark control in South Africa. Perceptions were dependent on demography, water use, attitudes towards sharks, and local contexts. Elements requiring attention encompassed the role of fear in shaping perceptions, limited awareness of local SHM, misunderstanding of the ecological harm of some mitigation types, and personal responsibility in mitigating risks. Strategies to garner support for pro-shark beach-based recreation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46006687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.1163/15685306-BJA10047
M. Cole
{"title":"Language and Human Exceptionalism: A Cross-Cultural Call to Action","authors":"M. Cole","doi":"10.1163/15685306-BJA10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-BJA10047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42658340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1163/15685306-BJA10048
T. Bloom
Dogs and humans have cohabited between 15,000 and 100,000 years. Given even the lower estimate, the time our two species have intertwined is noteworthy. Here, the focus is on the scientific impact of canines on their companion humans’ research. While any admixture of subject and object in science, in this instance human and dog, is conventionally dismissed, indeed censured, testimonies from both past and contemporary scientists acknowledge the revelatory insights that relationships with their companion dogs have had on their work. Such vital trans-species attachments not only exist, but they also cannot be excised from science; accuracy and understanding epistemic genealogy require their consideration. Viewing phenomena from a trans-species lens, scientists can access profound sources of non-anthropocentric information and inspiration. Beyond the scientific understanding that nonhuman animals possess brains, minds, and emotions comparable to those of our species, dogs have earned acknowledgement for their contributions to scholarly work.
{"title":"An Untold Story of Dogs: Clandestine Canine Contributions to Science","authors":"T. Bloom","doi":"10.1163/15685306-BJA10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-BJA10048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Dogs and humans have cohabited between 15,000 and 100,000 years. Given even the lower estimate, the time our two species have intertwined is noteworthy. Here, the focus is on the scientific impact of canines on their companion humans’ research. While any admixture of subject and object in science, in this instance human and dog, is conventionally dismissed, indeed censured, testimonies from both past and contemporary scientists acknowledge the revelatory insights that relationships with their companion dogs have had on their work. Such vital trans-species attachments not only exist, but they also cannot be excised from science; accuracy and understanding epistemic genealogy require their consideration. Viewing phenomena from a trans-species lens, scientists can access profound sources of non-anthropocentric information and inspiration. Beyond the scientific understanding that nonhuman animals possess brains, minds, and emotions comparable to those of our species, dogs have earned acknowledgement for their contributions to scholarly work.","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42387227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.1163/15685306-BJA10043
M. Becker
{"title":"An End to Nonhuman Animal Farming: Collective and Effective?","authors":"M. Becker","doi":"10.1163/15685306-BJA10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-BJA10043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":"29 1","pages":"223-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45365910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.1163/15685306-BJA10042
Jennifer L. Britton, C. Hunold
This multispecies ethnography investigates how free-roaming ponies and humans participate in the production of “pony wildness” on Assateague Island, a barrier island located off the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. The bordering practices of ponies intersect with the bordering practices of people to generate a relational conception of pony wildness that incorporates in people-pony relations a desire for intimacy with respect for autonomy, in a multifunctional landscape managed both as wilderness and as a beach tourism destination. This notion of pony wildness includes nonhuman charisma, fluidity, and managing human visitors. We conclude by discussing how the fluidity of pony wildness can help us think more imaginatively about other contexts in which communities of free-roaming nonhuman animals share space with human communities.
{"title":"Bordering Processes and Pony Wildness on Assateague Island","authors":"Jennifer L. Britton, C. Hunold","doi":"10.1163/15685306-BJA10042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-BJA10042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This multispecies ethnography investigates how free-roaming ponies and humans participate in the production of “pony wildness” on Assateague Island, a barrier island located off the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. The bordering practices of ponies intersect with the bordering practices of people to generate a relational conception of pony wildness that incorporates in people-pony relations a desire for intimacy with respect for autonomy, in a multifunctional landscape managed both as wilderness and as a beach tourism destination. This notion of pony wildness includes nonhuman charisma, fluidity, and managing human visitors. We conclude by discussing how the fluidity of pony wildness can help us think more imaginatively about other contexts in which communities of free-roaming nonhuman animals share space with human communities.","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42570876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.1163/15685306-12341569
Candice Allmark-Kent
Despite the interdisciplinarity of human-animal studies, there has been little research about the interactions between science and literature in relation to nonhuman animals. This paper explores the representation of Atlantic salmons (Salmo salar) and brown trouts (Salmo trutta) in Henry Williamson’s classic work of animal fiction, Salar the Salmon (1935). In particular, the analysis focuses on depictions of mental states and subjective experiences in fishes. This work offers the first animal-centric analysis of the text, while also addressing the marginalization of fishes in literary animal studies. The wider purpose is to identify the ways in which fiction can influence public perceptions and encourage empathy in readers. The ultimate aim is to improve our methods of communicating about fishes in both literature and science.
尽管人与动物的研究是跨学科的，但关于非人类动物的科学与文学之间的相互作用的研究很少。本文探讨了亨利·威廉姆森的经典动物小说《鲑鱼》(salar the Salmon, 1935)中大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)和褐鳟鱼(Salmo trutta)的表现。具体来说，分析的重点是鱼的心理状态和主观经验的描绘。这项工作提供了第一个以动物为中心的文本分析，同时也解决了鱼类在文学动物研究中的边缘化问题。更广泛的目的是确定小说影响公众认知和激发读者共鸣的方式。最终目的是改进我们在文学和科学上交流鱼类的方法。
{"title":"How to Read Fishes: Science, Empathy, and Salar the Salmon","authors":"Candice Allmark-Kent","doi":"10.1163/15685306-12341569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341569","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Despite the interdisciplinarity of human-animal studies, there has been little research about the interactions between science and literature in relation to nonhuman animals. This paper explores the representation of Atlantic salmons (Salmo salar) and brown trouts (Salmo trutta) in Henry Williamson’s classic work of animal fiction, Salar the Salmon (1935). In particular, the analysis focuses on depictions of mental states and subjective experiences in fishes. This work offers the first animal-centric analysis of the text, while also addressing the marginalization of fishes in literary animal studies. The wider purpose is to identify the ways in which fiction can influence public perceptions and encourage empathy in readers. The ultimate aim is to improve our methods of communicating about fishes in both literature and science.","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.1163/15685306-12341603
Marcus Baynes-Rock, Tigist Teressa
In this paper, we draw attention to human-horse relations among the Oromo of West Shewa and the importance that men in particular ascribe to horses known as farrda mia. These horses are not a distinct breed; they attain their status through a process of selection based on attractiveness and mutual compatibility with their owners. Farrda mia are important in ceremonies, racing, and personal prestige to the degree that they constitute a cognitive affective unity with the men they allow on their backs. The relationships between Oromo men and their horses evoke novel conceptions of identity. Through reciprocal trust, exclusivity, naming, and performance, Oromo men and their horses constitute cognitive, affective centaurs that challenge conceptions of self- contained, self-embodied, human individuals.
{"title":"Shared Identity of Horses and Men in Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Marcus Baynes-Rock, Tigist Teressa","doi":"10.1163/15685306-12341603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341603","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this paper, we draw attention to human-horse relations among the Oromo of West Shewa and the importance that men in particular ascribe to horses known as farrda mia. These horses are not a distinct breed; they attain their status through a process of selection based on attractiveness and mutual compatibility with their owners. Farrda mia are important in ceremonies, racing, and personal prestige to the degree that they constitute a cognitive affective unity with the men they allow on their backs. The relationships between Oromo men and their horses evoke novel conceptions of identity. Through reciprocal trust, exclusivity, naming, and performance, Oromo men and their horses constitute cognitive, affective centaurs that challenge conceptions of self- contained, self-embodied, human individuals.","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43406508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.1163/15685306-BJA10038
A. P. Rossi, Cassia Rabelo Cardoso dos Santos, C. Maia, C. Terzian, D. F. Predebon, Juliana Sant’Ana C. de Queiroz, Marina Z. N. Bastos, Maurício Choinski, Samantha R. Melo de Assis
This study was used to evaluate whether the proximity of dogs to their human companions during sleep is associated with common problematic behaviors in canines, such as destroying objects, vocalizing excessively, urinating/defecating in inappropriate places (all when dogs are alone at home), and aggressive threats (growling or barking) and acts (biting) toward people. Over 60,000 dog keepers answered an online questionnaire that addressed where their dogs slept at night and the frequency with which they exhibited such behaviors. Except urinating/defecating in inappropriate places and biting people, other problematic behaviors were less frequent in dogs who slept inside the house. We conclude that dogs sleeping indoors (that is, closer to their keepers) less frequently exhibit aggressive threats and problematic behaviors that are commonly associated with separation anxiety.
{"title":"Dogs Sleeping Inside Houses Less Frequently Exhibit Behaviors Commonly Associated with Separation Anxiety and Aggressiveness","authors":"A. P. Rossi, Cassia Rabelo Cardoso dos Santos, C. Maia, C. Terzian, D. F. Predebon, Juliana Sant’Ana C. de Queiroz, Marina Z. N. Bastos, Maurício Choinski, Samantha R. Melo de Assis","doi":"10.1163/15685306-BJA10038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-BJA10038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study was used to evaluate whether the proximity of dogs to their human companions during sleep is associated with common problematic behaviors in canines, such as destroying objects, vocalizing excessively, urinating/defecating in inappropriate places (all when dogs are alone at home), and aggressive threats (growling or barking) and acts (biting) toward people. Over 60,000 dog keepers answered an online questionnaire that addressed where their dogs slept at night and the frequency with which they exhibited such behaviors. Except urinating/defecating in inappropriate places and biting people, other problematic behaviors were less frequent in dogs who slept inside the house. We conclude that dogs sleeping indoors (that is, closer to their keepers) less frequently exhibit aggressive threats and problematic behaviors that are commonly associated with separation anxiety.","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45429685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.1163/15685306-BJA10037
Lauren Cullen
{"title":"“You can’t explain death to a dog”: Interspecies Grief and Companionship","authors":"Lauren Cullen","doi":"10.1163/15685306-BJA10037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-BJA10037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":"29 1","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46372561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-16DOI: 10.1163/15685306-00001798
A. O’Connor
This qualitative study examines the reasons why animal shelter workers choose this occupation, and why they remain, despite the sorrows and travails inherent in this work. This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge in three domains. While the Human-Animal Studies (HAS) literature explains shelter entry as counter-hegemonic and based on loving animals, my data provides evidence that these antecedents to occupational choice are insufficient. Instead, I find that my respondents’ occupational choice is processual; multiple pathways, false starts, and changes in the life course combine to precede entry. Rich insights into the role of process in occupational choice exist in the gendering literature. However, although it is a gendered occupation, shelter work does not appear to be simply a culturally, gender-based choice. I have found evidence of similar processes leading to this choice amongst both male and female respondents, although the few males in my sample (which is reflective of shelter work more broadly) suggests that further research on this point would be valuable. Second, the HAS literature on staying in shelter work focuses on emotion management strategies. While coping strategies are indubitably necessary in order to persist, to this insight I add a moral economy lens and the notion of sanctuary to explain why my respondents stay in this occupation. My respondents feel their occupation is part of a project of wider significance, and they are supported by some members of the public in this belief, by the ‘moral economy of the crowd’. My respondents have found an alternative experience of the economy, one which is not isolated from, but embedded in their values and moral rationalities. Shelter work also offers sanctuary from the market economy and in animal care. Third, I make an empirical contribution by producing unique data on shelter work in the Republic of Ireland, based on two years of ethnographic observations in seven shelters and one veterinary surgery, 24 semi-structured interviews, and an analysis of shelter social media. This study advances sociological theory in the area of occupational choice and promotes a re-visioning of the meaning and purposes of work under conditions of 21st century capitalism. The findings in these pages also bring us a small step closer to understanding our complex, messy, and contradictory relationships with other animals
{"title":"Finding Sanctuary in the Occupational Choice of Animal Shelter Work","authors":"A. O’Connor","doi":"10.1163/15685306-00001798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-00001798","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative study examines the reasons why animal shelter workers choose this occupation, and why they remain, despite the sorrows and travails inherent in this work. This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge in three domains. While the Human-Animal Studies (HAS) literature explains shelter entry as counter-hegemonic and based on loving animals, my data provides evidence that these antecedents to occupational choice are insufficient. Instead, I find that my respondents’ occupational choice is processual; multiple pathways, false starts, and changes in the life course combine to precede entry. Rich insights into the role of process in occupational choice exist in the gendering literature. However, although it is a gendered occupation, shelter work does not appear to be simply a culturally, gender-based choice. I have found evidence of similar processes leading to this choice amongst both male and female respondents, although the few males in my sample (which is reflective of shelter work more broadly) suggests that further research on this point would be valuable. \u0000Second, the HAS literature on staying in shelter work focuses on emotion management strategies. While coping strategies are indubitably necessary in order to persist, to this insight I add a moral economy lens and the notion of sanctuary to explain why my respondents stay in this occupation. My respondents feel their occupation is part of a project of wider significance, and they are supported by some members of the public in this belief, by the ‘moral economy of the crowd’. My respondents have found an alternative experience of the economy, one which is not isolated from, but embedded in their values and moral rationalities. Shelter work also offers sanctuary from the market economy and in animal care. \u0000Third, I make an empirical contribution by producing unique data on shelter work in the Republic of Ireland, based on two years of ethnographic observations in seven shelters and one veterinary surgery, 24 semi-structured interviews, and an analysis of shelter social media. This study advances sociological theory in the area of occupational choice and promotes a re-visioning of the meaning and purposes of work under conditions of 21st century capitalism. The findings in these pages also bring us a small step closer to understanding our complex, messy, and contradictory relationships with other animals","PeriodicalId":22000,"journal":{"name":"Society & Animals","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45289858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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