Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of ocular surface disease throughout the world, which has a prevalence that varied widely from 3.5 to 70% according to age, sex, and ethnicity. Azithromycin (AZM) is the first azalidic antibiotic, a class of macrolide antibiotics, which has derived from erythromycin. It is widely used in clinical practice, not only for respiratory diseases and sexually transmitted infections but also for ocular diseases. azithromycin suppressed zymosan-induced mRNA expression and protein production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and IL-1β), chemokines (IL-6 and RANTES), and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9) by human corneal epithelial cells and suggested the potential for using azithromycin to treat ocular surface It controls the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses through the regulation of chemotaxis, activation, and survival of lymphocytes. The anti-inflammatory role of TGF-β1 has been recognized in different cell types by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1, and interferon γ.The combination of a topical AZM solution 1.0% with corticosteroid (DEX 0.1%) was found superior in the comprehensive treatment of MGD after 2 weeks. AZM is a one of the safest antibiotics, well tolerated, and has special pharmacokinetic properties. Moreover, it has a broad antimicrobial spectrum. AZM is efficacious for the treatment of a lot of ocular diseases and may be included as monotherapy or in combination therapy in new treatment protocols for more ocular infections.
{"title":"Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacokinetic of Azithromycin Eyedrops in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Treatment","authors":"Syena Damara Riza Gustam","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v4i2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i2.48","url":null,"abstract":"Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of ocular surface disease throughout the world, which has a prevalence that varied widely from 3.5 to 70% according to age, sex, and ethnicity. Azithromycin (AZM) is the first azalidic antibiotic, a class of macrolide antibiotics, which has derived from erythromycin. It is widely used in clinical practice, not only for respiratory diseases and sexually transmitted infections but also for ocular diseases. azithromycin suppressed zymosan-induced mRNA expression and protein production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and IL-1β), chemokines (IL-6 and RANTES), and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9) by human corneal epithelial cells and suggested the potential for using azithromycin to treat ocular surface It controls the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses through the regulation of chemotaxis, activation, and survival of lymphocytes. The anti-inflammatory role of TGF-β1 has been recognized in different cell types by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1, and interferon γ.The combination of a topical AZM solution 1.0% with corticosteroid (DEX 0.1%) was found superior in the comprehensive treatment of MGD after 2 weeks. AZM is a one of the safest antibiotics, well tolerated, and has special pharmacokinetic properties. Moreover, it has a broad antimicrobial spectrum. AZM is efficacious for the treatment of a lot of ocular diseases and may be included as monotherapy or in combination therapy in new treatment protocols for more ocular infections.","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83501098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fluoroquinolones (FQs) have proven to be successful for treating ocular infections because the introduction of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin; the improvement in ofloxacin to levofloxacin, the active l-isomer of ofloxacin; and the targeting of Gram-positive bacteria by moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin with a dual mechanism of action. The in vitro testing of the FQs has determined that moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin are more potent anti-infectives with lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to Gram-positive bacteria than the earlier generations of FQs, but no real advantage for in vitro susceptibility has been noted among the FQs for Gram-negative bacteria. The objective of this review is to outline the pharmacogenetics, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of levofloxacin along with the impact on patients’ life. Such particular approach, being the foundation of personalized medicine, increases efficacy and safety of timolol while reducing costs by using targeted doses.
{"title":"Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacokinetic Topical Levofloxacin on Cataract Surgery","authors":"Alazi Alazi","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v4i2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i2.52","url":null,"abstract":"The fluoroquinolones (FQs) have proven to be successful for treating ocular infections because the introduction of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin; the improvement in ofloxacin to levofloxacin, the active l-isomer of ofloxacin; and the targeting of Gram-positive bacteria by moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin with a dual mechanism of action. The in vitro testing of the FQs has determined that moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin are more potent anti-infectives with lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to Gram-positive bacteria than the earlier generations of FQs, but no real advantage for in vitro susceptibility has been noted among the FQs for Gram-negative bacteria. The objective of this review is to outline the pharmacogenetics, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of levofloxacin along with the impact on patients’ life. Such particular approach, being the foundation of personalized medicine, increases efficacy and safety of timolol while reducing costs by using targeted doses.","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74104819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human adenovirus type 8 (HAdV-8) is the most common causative agent of a highly contagious eye disease known as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). HAdV-8 strains have been classified into genome types HAdV-8A to 8K and HAdV/D1 to D12 according to restriction endonuclease analysis. This review focuses on the significance of HAdV-8 as an agent of EKC. Molecular analysis of HAdV-8 genome types HAdV-53 and HAdV-54 was performed to reveal potential genetic variation in the hexon and fiber, which might affect the antigenicity and tropism of the virus, respectively. On the basis of the published data, three patterns of HAdV-8 genome type distribution were observed worldwide: (1) genome types restricted to a microenvironment, (2) genome types distributed within a country, and (3) globally dispersed genome types. It showed that the HAdV-8 genome types were nearly identical to each other. HAdV-54 is very close to the HAdV-8P, B and E genomes, exceptin the hexon. In a restriction map, HAdV-8P, B, and E share a very high percentage of restriction sites with each other. Hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the hexon were conserved and were 100% identical among the genome types. The fiber knob of HAdV-8P, A, E, J and HAdV-53 were 100% identical. In phylogeny, HVRs of the hexon and fiber knob ofthe HAdV-8 genome types segregated into monophyletic clusters. Neutralizing antibodies against one genome type will provide protection against other genome types, and the selection of future vaccine strains would be simple due to the stable HVRs. Molecular analysis of whole genomes, particularly of the capsid proteins of the remaining genome types, would be useful to substantiate the observations.
{"title":"Genetic Variation of Adenoviruses Causing Conjunctivitis","authors":"Rizka Yunanda","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v4i2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Human adenovirus type 8 (HAdV-8) is the most common causative agent of a highly contagious eye disease known as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). HAdV-8 strains have been classified into genome types HAdV-8A to 8K and HAdV/D1 to D12 according to restriction endonuclease analysis. This review focuses on the significance of HAdV-8 as an agent of EKC. Molecular analysis of HAdV-8 genome types HAdV-53 and HAdV-54 was performed to reveal potential genetic variation in the hexon and fiber, which might affect the antigenicity and tropism of the virus, respectively. On the basis of the published data, three patterns of HAdV-8 genome type distribution were observed worldwide: (1) genome types restricted to a microenvironment, (2) genome types distributed within a country, and (3) globally dispersed genome types. It showed that the HAdV-8 genome types were nearly identical to each other. HAdV-54 is very close to the HAdV-8P, B and E genomes, exceptin the hexon. In a restriction map, HAdV-8P, B, and E share a very high percentage of restriction sites with each other. Hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the hexon were conserved and were 100% identical among the genome types. The fiber knob of HAdV-8P, A, E, J and HAdV-53 were 100% identical. In phylogeny, HVRs of the hexon and fiber knob ofthe HAdV-8 genome types segregated into monophyletic clusters. Neutralizing antibodies against one genome type will provide protection against other genome types, and the selection of future vaccine strains would be simple due to the stable HVRs. Molecular analysis of whole genomes, particularly of the capsid proteins of the remaining genome types, would be useful to substantiate the observations.","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87902503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of povidone-iodine and its efficacy against bacterial keratitis. The method in phase I, forty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into groups I and II and received intravitreal 0.1% and 0.3% PVI, respectively. Electroretinography (ERG) and histologic examinations were conducted at baseline, 6, and 12 hours. Half-life was determined using high- performance liquid chromatography. In phase II, after the induction of S. epidermidis, 0.1% and 0.3% PVI were injected intravitreally once in groups A and B and three times every second day in groups C and D (n 10 in each group). Electroretinographs, histologic examinations, and vitreous cultures were conducted on day 14. Electroretinography and histologic examinations did not reveal any notable retinal damage in phase I in either group. Half-lives were 3.27 and 3.58 hours in groups I and II, respectively. In phase II, all groups demonstrated marked improvement, compared to controls. Bacterial growth was found in four eyes in group A (20, 60, 60, and 70 colony forming units [CFU]) and in three eyes in group B (20, 40, and 60 CFU) but not in those belonging to groups C and D at day 14. Retinal damage with lymphocyte infiltration in the inner retinal layers was more common in groups A and B than in groups C and D. Half-life of PVI was approximately 3 hours in the vitreous. Repeated injection of intraocular PVI, even at low concentrations, is most likely to be effective for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Povidone-Iodine and Its Effects on Bacterial Keratitis","authors":"Rezandi Aziztama","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v4i2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i2.54","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of povidone-iodine and its efficacy against bacterial keratitis. The method in phase I, forty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into groups I and II and received intravitreal 0.1% and 0.3% PVI, respectively. Electroretinography (ERG) and histologic examinations were conducted at baseline, 6, and 12 hours. Half-life was determined using high- performance liquid chromatography. In phase II, after the induction of S. epidermidis, 0.1% and 0.3% PVI were injected intravitreally once in groups A and B and three times every second day in groups C and D (n 10 in each group). Electroretinographs, histologic examinations, and vitreous cultures were conducted on day 14. Electroretinography and histologic examinations did not reveal any notable retinal damage in phase I in either group. Half-lives were 3.27 and 3.58 hours in groups I and II, respectively. In phase II, all groups demonstrated marked improvement, compared to controls. Bacterial growth was found in four eyes in group A (20, 60, 60, and 70 colony forming units [CFU]) and in three eyes in group B (20, 40, and 60 CFU) but not in those belonging to groups C and D at day 14. Retinal damage with lymphocyte infiltration in the inner retinal layers was more common in groups A and B than in groups C and D. Half-life of PVI was approximately 3 hours in the vitreous. Repeated injection of intraocular PVI, even at low concentrations, is most likely to be effective for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis.","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88832888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loneliness is a multifaceted experience which can be understood through the lens of the biopsychosocial model which is an interdisciplinary approach that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors in affecting health, illness, psychological experiences and disturbances. This study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness between blind and visually impaired persons and the general population, rather than the frequency or intensity of their loneliness. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have specifically evaluated depression in young and middle-aged people with visual impairment (VI). Discrimination may exacerbate these difficulties. High prevalence of loneliness among the visually impaired elderly persons, that reports a prevalence of 54% in the visually impaired elderly aged ≥55 years. In addition, the risk of loneliness was higher for those who were aged 36 to 50 years, exposed to bullying or physical or sexual abuse, had blindness, other impairments, or were unemployed. The mean score for loneliness was 4.83 (SD 1.82), 4.88 for women and 4.78 for men (p = 0.46). The majority of participants reported missing somebody to be with sometimes (39.0%) or often (21.1%). The aim of this study to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in adults with visual impairment.
{"title":"Loneliness Among Adult with Visual Impairment","authors":"Tresa Ivani Saskia","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v4i1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i1.61","url":null,"abstract":"Loneliness is a multifaceted experience which can be understood through the lens of the biopsychosocial model which is an interdisciplinary approach that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors in affecting health, illness, psychological experiences and disturbances. This study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness between blind and visually impaired persons and the general population, rather than the frequency or intensity of their loneliness. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have specifically evaluated depression in young and middle-aged people with visual impairment (VI). Discrimination may exacerbate these difficulties. High prevalence of loneliness among the visually impaired elderly persons, that reports a prevalence of 54% in the visually impaired elderly aged ≥55 years. In addition, the risk of loneliness was higher for those who were aged 36 to 50 years, exposed to bullying or physical or sexual abuse, had blindness, other impairments, or were unemployed. The mean score for loneliness was 4.83 (SD 1.82), 4.88 for women and 4.78 for men (p = 0.46). The majority of participants reported missing somebody to be with sometimes (39.0%) or often (21.1%). The aim of this study to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in adults with visual impairment.","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79055798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depression is a significant comorbid and a risk factor for mortality in the general population. There are many things that can affect someone’s mental health thus rendering the said individual into contracting depression. One of these many things observed is the loss of one’s eyes. It is hypothesized that self-esteem comes from how one perceive himself or herself and losing a dominant organ whose function is to be a media of interpersonal communication would mess someone’s self image. This shattered image paved way to depression. Identifying certain risk factors and signs could help physician to better manage patients with loss of eyes especially those who are utilizing eye prosthesis.
{"title":"Impact of Eye Prosthetic on State of Depression: A Literature Review","authors":"Christian Andrew Darian Sianipar","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v4i1.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i1.59","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a significant comorbid and a risk factor for mortality in the general population. There are many things that can affect someone’s mental health thus rendering the said individual into contracting depression. One of these many things observed is the loss of one’s eyes. It is hypothesized that self-esteem comes from how one perceive himself or herself and losing a dominant organ whose function is to be a media of interpersonal communication would mess someone’s self image. This shattered image paved way to depression. Identifying certain risk factors and signs could help physician to better manage patients with loss of eyes especially those who are utilizing eye prosthesis.","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72956942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eyes are not only a functioning organ for vision but also an integral part of one’s self esteem if it functions normally. A loss of this function with or without disfigurement will give a significant impact on someone’s mental well being and if not identified and managed quickly it will deranged into mental illness. While eye prosthetics help, it is not without flaws. One of the most prominent mental disease related to these cases are anxiety. This journal serves as a review for the updated evidence for this particular topic especially the risks involved in developing said mental illness so modulation of intervention could be given to patients with eye prosthetics.
{"title":"Relationship Between Usage of Eye Prosthetics with Anxiety: A Literature Review","authors":"Gina Sonia Fensilia Yolanda","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v4i1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i1.60","url":null,"abstract":"Eyes are not only a functioning organ for vision but also an integral part of one’s self esteem if it functions normally. A loss of this function with or without disfigurement will give a significant impact on someone’s mental well being and if not identified and managed quickly it will deranged into mental illness. While eye prosthetics help, it is not without flaws. One of the most prominent mental disease related to these cases are anxiety. This journal serves as a review for the updated evidence for this particular topic especially the risks involved in developing said mental illness so modulation of intervention could be given to patients with eye prosthetics. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87195122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low vision is one of the major ophthalmologic problems and the leading causes of disability in older adults associated with reduced quality of life and increased depressive symptoms. In turn, depression may cause a further decline in quality of life, may aggravate disability caused by the visual impairment, and may increase vulnerability for health decline. Approximately around 36 million are blind, and 217 million have marked moderate to severe visual impairment. Visual impairment refers, generally, to poor vision. Observational data revealed that those with sight loss were twice as likely as those with another impairment to have experienced discrimination. There is evidence that individuals with visual impairment have poorer mental health than their impairment-free counterparts. In health care settings, an association between visual impairment and depression has been consistently reported. Greater prevalence of depressive symptoms in those with visual impairment has also been reported. The aim of this review is therefore to summarize the literature with the goal to untangle the relationship between vision loss and psychological factors that lead to mental health disturbance.
{"title":"Understanding the Correlation Between Visual Impairment and Mental Health: A Literature Review","authors":"Avizena Muhammad Zamzam","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v4i1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i1.57","url":null,"abstract":"Low vision is one of the major ophthalmologic problems and the leading causes of disability in older adults associated with reduced quality of life and increased depressive symptoms. In turn, depression may cause a further decline in quality of life, may aggravate disability caused by the visual impairment, and may increase vulnerability for health decline. Approximately around 36 million are blind, and 217 million have marked moderate to severe visual impairment. Visual impairment refers, generally, to poor vision. Observational data revealed that those with sight loss were twice as likely as those with another impairment to have experienced discrimination. There is evidence that individuals with visual impairment have poorer mental health than their impairment-free counterparts. In health care settings, an association between visual impairment and depression has been consistently reported. Greater prevalence of depressive symptoms in those with visual impairment has also been reported. The aim of this review is therefore to summarize the literature with the goal to untangle the relationship between vision loss and psychological factors that lead to mental health disturbance.","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73606599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anxiety disorders has been termed a social epidemic especially by people with disabilities, one of them is visual impairment because age related macular degenaration. The present study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness of the blind and visually impaired with the generall population not on the frequency or intensity of their loneliness. This study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness between blind and visually impaired persons and the general population, rather than the frequency or intensity of their loneliness., no studies have specifically evaluated anxiety disorder in young and middle-aged people with visual impairment (VI). High prevalence of loneliness among the visually impaired elderly persons, that reports a prevalence of 54% in the visually impaired elderly aged ≥55 years. In addition, the risk of loneliness was higher for those who were aged 36 to 50 years, exposed to bullying or physical or sexual abuse, had blindness, other impairments, or were unemployed. The mean score for loneliness was 4.83 (SD 1.82), 4.88 for women and 4.78 for men (p = 0.46). The majority of participants reported missing somebody to be with sometimes (39.0%) or often (21.1%). The prevalence of anxiety among older adults with AMD is also higher than among both general populations of older adults and those with other common age-related medical conditions. The aim of this study to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in adults with age related macular degeneration.
{"title":"Association between Age Related Macular Degeneration and Anxiety Disorder","authors":"Anugerah Ramadhan Putra","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v3i2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v3i2.56","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety disorders has been termed a social epidemic especially by people with disabilities, one of them is visual impairment because age related macular degenaration. The present study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness of the blind and visually impaired with the generall population not on the frequency or intensity of their loneliness. This study compared the qualitative dimensions of loneliness between blind and visually impaired persons and the general population, rather than the frequency or intensity of their loneliness., no studies have specifically evaluated anxiety disorder in young and middle-aged people with visual impairment (VI). High prevalence of loneliness among the visually impaired elderly persons, that reports a prevalence of 54% in the visually impaired elderly aged ≥55 years. In addition, the risk of loneliness was higher for those who were aged 36 to 50 years, exposed to bullying or physical or sexual abuse, had blindness, other impairments, or were unemployed. The mean score for loneliness was 4.83 (SD 1.82), 4.88 for women and 4.78 for men (p = 0.46). The majority of participants reported missing somebody to be with sometimes (39.0%) or often (21.1%). The prevalence of anxiety among older adults with AMD is also higher than among both general populations of older adults and those with other common age-related medical conditions. The aim of this study to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and associated factors in adults with age related macular degeneration.","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79121348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AMD is a complex and multifactorial disease with factors such as age, lifestyle, ethnicity, and genetics all having an important role in modifying the onset, development and severity of sad disease. AMD is the leading etiology of non-reversible blindness in the older age population especially over 65 years old in developed country. It accounts for roughly 9% of worldwide blindness. Some studies have showed the poor visual acuity related to the presence of AMD was associated with depression. AMD and other degeneration problem of the eye contribute major psychologic problems, especially emotional distress and social isolation in older people. The potential development of depression and anxiety mechanisms among patients with vision loss have been suggested. First, a strong relationship comes between the impairment of functional capacity and depression symptoms. The second is the main problemsolving skill deficits. And the third, the speculation about differences the therapy control strategies of AMD can affect the depression symptoms. Future study should be benefit from clearly specifying the type of AMD, including a control or comparator group to allow for comparison of the prevalence depression between AMD and non-AMD populations, and the use of tools which give a clear cut-off for clinical depression.
{"title":"Age Related Macular Degeneration Associated with Depression","authors":"Fadel Askary","doi":"10.37275/sjo.v4i1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v4i1.58","url":null,"abstract":"AMD is a complex and multifactorial disease with factors such as age, lifestyle, ethnicity, and genetics all having an important role in modifying the onset, development and severity of sad disease. AMD is the leading etiology of non-reversible blindness in the older age population especially over 65 years old in developed country. It accounts for roughly 9% of worldwide blindness. Some studies have showed the poor visual acuity related to the presence of AMD was associated with depression. AMD and other degeneration problem of the eye contribute major psychologic problems, especially emotional distress and social isolation in older people. The potential development of depression and anxiety mechanisms among patients with vision loss have been suggested. First, a strong relationship comes between the impairment of functional capacity and depression symptoms. The second is the main problemsolving skill deficits. And the third, the speculation about differences the therapy control strategies of AMD can affect the depression symptoms. Future study should be benefit from clearly specifying the type of AMD, including a control or comparator group to allow for comparison of the prevalence depression between AMD and non-AMD populations, and the use of tools which give a clear cut-off for clinical depression.","PeriodicalId":22012,"journal":{"name":"Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82778162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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