Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2020.4.5
A. Butyrin, E. Stativa, I. Chubarkina
Introduction. Forensic structural engineering dates back to the late 20th century. Since then its theoretical and methodological fundamentals have been developed, and considerable practical experience has been accumulated. Nowadays, it is one of the most in-demand type of expert investigations performed in the course of judicial proceedings in Russia; therefore, it has boosted a significant inflow of specialists into forensic investigation organizations. At present, their total staffing exceeds ten thousand specialists. However, the professional training of forensic engineering experts is often heavily and rightly criticized by investigators, judges, and parties to judicial proceedings, defending their legitimate interests. The ever growing number of forensic expert investigations, ordered by the courts, and the growing complexity of tasks to be tackled by experts, have pre-determined the need for an effective expert training system, so that the qualification of experts could meet the rising demands of present-day court proceedings. The objective of this study is to develop the basic principles of this system. Materials and methods. This article is based on the assumption that the special features of activities, performed by forensic experts, determine, to a great extent, the essential principles of effective teaching of this discipline, as well as the major problems arising in the course of student training. The authors describe a combination of didactic methods (oral, printed and verbal, illustrative methods, etc.), teaching techniques and tools used to address these problems. Results. A coherent overview of features of a forensic structural engineering investigation (FSEI), including the procedural nature of its performance, the predominantly regulatory character of forensic investigations, as well as the practical value of FSEI findings substantially improve the efficiency of training highly qualified specialists. The statistics indicate that over 99 % of students can successfully complete training programs. Conclusions. A comprehensive, substantive procedural approach to the explanation of educational materials has proven to be effective. This approach is tailored to the specific nature of forensic activities, and it should be fully integrated into the process of training forensic engineering experts.
{"title":"Forensic engineering expert training within the system of higher and supplementary vocational education: problematic aspects","authors":"A. Butyrin, E. Stativa, I. Chubarkina","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Forensic structural engineering dates back to the late 20th century. Since then its theoretical and methodological fundamentals have been developed, and considerable practical experience has been accumulated. Nowadays, it is one of the most in-demand type of expert investigations performed in the course of judicial proceedings in Russia; therefore, it has boosted a significant inflow of specialists into forensic investigation organizations. At present, their total staffing exceeds ten thousand specialists. However, the professional training of forensic engineering experts is often heavily and rightly criticized by investigators, judges, and parties to judicial proceedings, defending their legitimate interests. The ever growing number of forensic expert investigations, ordered by the courts, and the growing complexity of tasks to be tackled by experts, have pre-determined the need for an effective expert training system, so that the qualification of experts could meet the rising demands of present-day court proceedings. The objective of this study is to develop the basic principles of this system.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. This article is based on the assumption that the special features of activities, performed by forensic experts, determine, to a great extent, the essential principles of effective teaching of this discipline, as well as the major problems arising in the course of student training. The authors describe a combination of didactic methods (oral, printed and verbal, illustrative methods, etc.), teaching techniques and tools used to address these problems.\u0000\u0000Results. A coherent overview of features of a forensic structural engineering investigation (FSEI), including the procedural nature of its performance, the predominantly regulatory character of forensic investigations, as well as the practical value of FSEI findings substantially improve the efficiency of training highly qualified specialists. The statistics indicate that over 99 % of students can successfully complete training programs.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. A comprehensive, substantive procedural approach to the explanation of educational materials has proven to be effective. This approach is tailored to the specific nature of forensic activities, and it should be fully integrated into the process of training forensic engineering experts.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78482666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.6
L. Solodilova
Introduction. It is obviously essential to form economic thinking among students with major in architecture. The notion of the cost effectiveness of the elements of the projected residential environment determines a comprehensive approach to the architectural planning of residential construction with due regard to: requirements for land use planning and urban development zoning, based on building types varying in their use, form of property, services, functionality, number of floors and quality classes; transport and pedestrian traffic, which provides an optimal access to the external supporting infrastructure; landscape planning requirements of sustainable environment. The practical relevance of methodological recommendations lies in the use of the algorithm for evaluating the facility under design, which provides for an effective model of economic development of residential construction. The purpose of methodological recommendations is to illustrate the cost effectiveness of the most appropriate design solution, which covers scientifically based estimation designing criteria in terms of cost indicators, results and the payback period of the implemented investment and construction project. The scientific novelty involves the development of the Algorithm as well as the Procedure for evaluation of a comprehensive cost-effective design model within the scope of architectural planning of residential areas. Materials and methods. The following materials were used: methodological recommendations, rules and regulations, regulations on the permitted use of land plots and capital structures of the Rules for land use and development, the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, regulations on marginal construction costs. Within the scope of reviewing regulatory documents, methods of comparative and absolute effectiveness, the analysis and synthesis of methods for planning, designing and implementing remodeled and new architectural and construction facilities were applied. Results. Scientifically based proposals on the application of the Algorithm of organizational and methodical phases for comprehensive cost-effective modeling of a residence building. Conclusions. The hypothesis regarding the creation of an algorithm for evaluating cost effectiveness of residential construction development has been confirmed.
{"title":"An algorithm for evaluating the cost effectiveness of the facility under design for students with major in architecture","authors":"L. Solodilova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. It is obviously essential to form economic thinking among students with major in architecture. The notion of the cost effectiveness of the elements of the projected residential environment determines a comprehensive approach to the architectural planning of residential construction with due regard to: requirements for land use planning and urban development zoning, based on building types varying in their use, form of property, services, functionality, number of floors and quality classes; transport and pedestrian traffic, which provides an optimal access to the external supporting infrastructure; landscape planning requirements of sustainable environment. The practical relevance of methodological recommendations lies in the use of the algorithm for evaluating the facility under design, which provides for an effective model of economic development of residential construction.\u0000\u0000The purpose of methodological recommendations is to illustrate the cost effectiveness of the most appropriate design solution, which covers scientifically based estimation designing criteria in terms of cost indicators, results and the payback period of the implemented investment and construction project. The scientific novelty involves the development of the Algorithm as well as the Procedure for evaluation of a comprehensive cost-effective design model within the scope of architectural planning of residential areas.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The following materials were used: methodological recommendations, rules and regulations, regulations on the permitted use of land plots and capital structures of the Rules for land use and development, the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, regulations on marginal construction costs. Within the scope of reviewing regulatory documents, methods of comparative and absolute effectiveness, the analysis and synthesis of methods for planning, designing and implementing remodeled and new architectural and construction facilities were applied.\u0000\u0000Results. Scientifically based proposals on the application of the Algorithm of organizational and methodical phases for comprehensive cost-effective modeling of a residence building.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The hypothesis regarding the creation of an algorithm for evaluating cost effectiveness of residential construction development has been confirmed.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90776224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.2
A. Klochko, Iuliya Yaseneckaya
Introduction. This article reviews the brief history of palliative care spreading, it also studies specific characteristics of palliative care centers architecture. It also gives attention to the current condition of hospices in our country, and to the problems and opportunities that these hospices face. Materials and methods. Studies consider, firstly, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis of foreign and domestic scientific, literary and design materials; secondly, use of opinion poll findings; thirdly, use of interdisciplinary approach, which takes into account issues in the fields in medicine, sociology, legal regulations, that affect a set of requirements for hospice and palliative care centers design. Results. of the survey are presented as recommendations for the design of hospice territory, their landscaping, architectural planning and architectural-artistic characteristics of hospice design. These results can be used in architectural practice of hospice and palliative care centers design, as well as in the teaching and learning process as guidelines for hospice and palliative care centers design. Conclusions. Basic recommendations for hospice design are introduced. Problem analysis in the context of architectural planning and city planning organization of hospices will help to improve the structure of such architectural objects, and investigate their typology for future evolution. Public involvement in palliative care evolution, and in particular from the point of view of their architectural and spatial design, places an emphasis not only on currently dominating entertainment culture, but also on human duty and dignity.
{"title":"Modern trends in architectural design of hospices","authors":"A. Klochko, Iuliya Yaseneckaya","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article reviews the brief history of palliative care spreading, it also studies specific characteristics of palliative care centers architecture. It also gives attention to the current condition of hospices in our country, and to the problems and opportunities that these hospices face.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. Studies consider, firstly, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis of foreign and domestic scientific, literary and design materials; secondly, use of opinion poll findings; thirdly, use of interdisciplinary approach, which takes into account issues in the fields in medicine, sociology, legal regulations, that affect a set of requirements for hospice and palliative care centers design.\u0000\u0000Results. of the survey are presented as recommendations for the design of hospice territory, their landscaping, architectural planning and architectural-artistic characteristics of hospice design. These results can be used in architectural practice of hospice and palliative care centers design, as well as in the teaching and learning process as guidelines for hospice and palliative care centers design.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. Basic recommendations for hospice design are introduced. Problem analysis in the context of architectural planning and city planning organization of hospices will help to improve the structure of such architectural objects, and investigate their typology for future evolution. Public involvement in palliative care evolution, and in particular from the point of view of their architectural and spatial design, places an emphasis not only on currently dominating entertainment culture, but also on human duty and dignity.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82603080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.1
V. Ushakov, A. Subbotin, Dmitry Lisin
Introduction. This article addresses the question of existing problems of development of construction industry in agriculture. Outdated old construction technologies and building structures give a reason for optimization and introduction of modern technologies in agricultural production. The outdated technologies of agricultural construction have a negative impact on the position of agricultural industry in the world stage of trade and economy of countries, while optimization and inevitable modernization of agricultural production and construction allow securing a foothold in the world market. Aspiration to take the lead in the world market is one of the most important tasks of agricultural industry. The agricultural industry also plays an oversize role in human life and the health, efficiency, development and activity of citizens depend directly on the quality of products delivered to the shop windows. This scope of research of this article is a comparison of traditional, temporary, field vegetable storehouses operating in winter time with modern technology of construction of these facilities in terms of technology, efficiency, environmental friendliness, mobility, availability, functionality and profitability. Materials and methods. In the course of this work, the following research methods were used: familiarization with the relevant statutes and regulations related to the study area, comparison of traditional and modern methods of vegetable storage in the field environment during the winter period and identification of the main advantages and disadvantages. Results. The positive and negative sides of the design and methods of construction of modern and traditional outdated technology have been revealed, as well as optimization of construction solutions necessary to ensure conditions for maintaining the quality of products in due form. Conclusions. Modern construction concepts and development of agricultural construction is an important area that allows provoking the trend of economic growth of countries, to take a leading position in the world market, to improve the quality of life of citizens, to improve the ecological system of the area and develop business activities.
{"title":"Construction of modern and high-tech agricultural temporary vegetable storehouses","authors":"V. Ushakov, A. Subbotin, Dmitry Lisin","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2020.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article addresses the question of existing problems of development of construction industry in agriculture. Outdated old construction technologies and building structures give a reason for optimization and introduction of modern technologies in agricultural production. The outdated technologies of agricultural construction have a negative impact on the position of agricultural industry in the world stage of trade and economy of countries, while optimization and inevitable modernization of agricultural production and construction allow securing a foothold in the world market. Aspiration to take the lead in the world market is one of the most important tasks of agricultural industry. The agricultural industry also plays an oversize role in human life and the health, efficiency, development and activity of citizens depend directly on the quality of products delivered to the shop windows. This scope of research of this article is a comparison of traditional, temporary, field vegetable storehouses operating in winter time with modern technology of construction of these facilities in terms of technology, efficiency, environmental friendliness, mobility, availability, functionality and profitability.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. In the course of this work, the following research methods were used: familiarization with the relevant statutes and regulations related to the study area, comparison of traditional and modern methods of vegetable storage in the field environment during the winter period and identification of the main advantages and disadvantages.\u0000\u0000Results. The positive and negative sides of the design and methods of construction of modern and traditional outdated technology have been revealed, as well as optimization of construction solutions necessary to ensure conditions for maintaining the quality of products in due form.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. Modern construction concepts and development of agricultural construction is an important area that allows provoking the trend of economic growth of countries, to take a leading position in the world market, to improve the quality of life of citizens, to improve the ecological system of the area and develop business activities.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91509774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.4.1
Tatyana A. Sivak, Pauline Yu. Kvasha
Introduction. The issue of communication of information model of structure with real building is under consideration. This matter includes damage and various impacts both inside and outside the building tracking tools and techniques. With the help of the adoption of information modeling technologies in the Russian construction industry, maintenance and reconstruction of structures will reach a new level. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the technology of communication of the information model with the real building, which is carried out by means of nanosensors installed throughout the structure. Materials and Methods. Available research papers about integration of BIM into the process of real construction are analyzed and the urgency and necessity of development of the given industry in the modern world are proved. Results. Application of information model in reconstruction of architectural engineering sites is investigated. The technique of real model scanning of a building for the creation of information model is presented. The examples of nanosensors use for synchronization of the real construction site with its information model are given. The importance of orientation in the building using GIS and BIM communication has been established. In this review, I would like to show the importance of information modeling for Russia. Conclusions. The opportunity to combine such technologies as photogrammetry, laser scanning and ReCap software features with automated monitoring of images taken from various devices is presented. It was concluded that it is possible to integrate a single information field into the area of laser scanning and the area of combination of technologies of detection and determination of light range and BIM construction. It is proposed to combine technologies of detection and cloud access to information models with radio-frequency identifiers. Possibility of integration of three technologies is revealed: BLE-sensors, RFID-scanners and automated image monitoring in the area of BIM damage assessment after earthquakes.
{"title":"Integration of tracking sensor technology into the information modeling of buildings and structures","authors":"Tatyana A. Sivak, Pauline Yu. Kvasha","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The issue of communication of information model of structure with real building is under consideration. This matter includes damage and various impacts both inside and outside the building tracking tools and techniques. With the help of the adoption of information modeling technologies in the Russian construction industry, maintenance and reconstruction of structures will reach a new level. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the technology of communication of the information model with the real building, which is carried out by means of nanosensors installed throughout the structure.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. Available research papers about integration of BIM into the process of real construction are analyzed and the urgency and necessity of development of the given industry in the modern world are proved.\u0000\u0000Results. Application of information model in reconstruction of architectural engineering sites is investigated. The technique of real model scanning of a building for the creation of information model is presented. The examples of nanosensors use for synchronization of the real construction site with its information model are given. The importance of orientation in the building using GIS and BIM communication has been established. In this review, I would like to show the importance of information modeling for Russia.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The opportunity to combine such technologies as photogrammetry, laser scanning and ReCap software features with automated monitoring of images taken from various devices is presented. It was concluded that it is possible to integrate a single information field into the area of laser scanning and the area of combination of technologies of detection and determination of light range and BIM construction. It is proposed to combine technologies of detection and cloud access to information models with radio-frequency identifiers. Possibility of integration of three technologies is revealed: BLE-sensors, RFID-scanners and automated image monitoring in the area of BIM damage assessment after earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77859997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.9
T. Krasnova, Y. Skolubovich, E. Gogina, D. Volkov
Introduction. Effectiveness and applicability of chlorine-containing disinfectants used in the practice of water treatment were studied for the purpose of solving urgent environmental problems associated with the formation of secondary pollutants generated during the chlorination of natural water. Such contaminations are mostly represented by organohalogen compounds producing strong negative effect on the physiological state of living organisms, including human beings. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use technical grade sodium hypochlorite instead of traditional liquid chlorine when selecting disinfectants for natural water. Technical grade sodium hypochlorite is obtained by saturating solutions of diaphragmatic sodium hydroxide with chlorine gas at the stage of liquefaction of chlorine and caustic soda production. Sodium hypochlorite solution is significantly less toxic, non-flammable and not explosive. Materials and methods. A comparative study was conducted as to changes in the content of organohalogen compounds and heavy metals in water treated with sodium hypochlorite and liquid chlorine of one year duration. Analyses of water samples of water treated with liquid chlorine and sodium hypochlorite were made to measure concentrations of heavy metals, organohalogen compounds and other drinking water quality indicators, as specified by current regulations. Results. The obtained data demonstrate that the use of sodium hypochlorite for disinfection provides a higher quality of drinking water, therefore, it is advisable to replace liquid chlorine with technical grade sodium hypochlorite in the process of water treatment as potable water. Conclusions. The results of the study formed the basis for numerous industrial tests and subsequent implementation in existing water treatment plants in many large cities of Russia.
{"title":"Investigation of the influence of chlorine-containing disinfectant type on the quality of drinking water and the effectiveness of water treatment technology","authors":"T. Krasnova, Y. Skolubovich, E. Gogina, D. Volkov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Effectiveness and applicability of chlorine-containing disinfectants used in the practice of water treatment were studied for the purpose of solving urgent environmental problems associated with the formation of secondary pollutants generated during the chlorination of natural water. Such contaminations are mostly represented by organohalogen compounds producing strong negative effect on the physiological state of living organisms, including human beings. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use technical grade sodium hypochlorite instead of traditional liquid chlorine when selecting disinfectants for natural water. Technical grade sodium hypochlorite is obtained by saturating solutions of diaphragmatic sodium hydroxide with chlorine gas at the stage of liquefaction of chlorine and caustic soda production. Sodium hypochlorite solution is significantly less toxic, non-flammable and not explosive.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. A comparative study was conducted as to changes in the content of organohalogen compounds and heavy metals in water treated with sodium hypochlorite and liquid chlorine of one year duration. Analyses of water samples of water treated with liquid chlorine and sodium hypochlorite were made to measure concentrations of heavy metals, organohalogen compounds and other drinking water quality indicators, as specified by current regulations.\u0000\u0000Results. The obtained data demonstrate that the use of sodium hypochlorite for disinfection provides a higher quality of drinking water, therefore, it is advisable to replace liquid chlorine with technical grade sodium hypochlorite in the process of water treatment as potable water.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The results of the study formed the basis for numerous industrial tests and subsequent implementation in existing water treatment plants in many large cities of Russia.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"2065 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91329318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.4
N. Zubachev, I. Galimov, A. Kuzin, Olga Sobina
Introduction. As part of the work on the study of methods of protection of slopes from erosion using bulk geogrid was found the problem of leaching the filler material from the cells under the influence of water flow. The relevance of the work is due to the widespread use of bulk geogrid structures in the construction, which are the subject of the study. The aim is to develop recommendations for the choice of the material of the filler volume geogrid. The objectives of the study are to study the factors affecting the efficiency of retention of the filler. The practical significance lies in the fact that scientifically-based recommendations on the choice of the filler material of bulk geogrids have been developed. For many years, the improvement of structures and the development of new solutions for the protection of structures from water erosion were carried out by various specialists in the field of hydraulic research of objects of hydraulic and transport construction, including: I. Levi, A. Guryev, N.In. Khanov, Yu.M. Kosichenko, K.D. Kozlov, W. Müller, O. Kief, Y. Schary and others. Materials and methods. The method of research was to conduct a complex of theoretical and experimental work in the laboratory. Practical methods taking into account the specifics of the study include the implementation of experiments. Theoretical methods are associated with the planning of experiments, traditional statistical methods of information processing, analytical calculations. Results. On the basis of the performed experiments high efficiency of retention of large aggregate (crushed stone) and small (sand) volume geogrid under the influence of water flow was revealed. Based on the calculations of the critical velocities of particle drift from the slope and stability calculations of the geogrid on the slope, the limit values of the slopes with bulk geogrids are obtained. Conclusions. These tests have led to the conclusion that one of the key reasons for the collapse of the slopes is the wrong choice of filler material. In addition, the developed technique of selection of parameters of volumetric geogrid as to not flood prone and flood prone slopes.
介绍。在研究利用大块土工格栅保护边坡免受侵蚀的方法时，发现了在水流的影响下填充材料从单元中浸出的问题。这项工作的相关性是由于在建筑中广泛使用大块土工格栅结构，这是研究的主题。目的是为填料体积土工格栅材料的选择提出建议。研究的目的是研究影响填料截留效率的因素。本文的实际意义在于对土工格栅填充材料的选择提出了科学的建议。多年来，水利和交通建设领域的水力研究对象的各种专家进行了结构的改进和保护结构免受水侵蚀的新解决方案的开发，包括:I. Levi, A. Guryev, N.In。Khanov Yu.M。koichenko, K.D. Kozlov, W. m ller, O. Kief, Y. Schary等。材料和方法。研究的方法是在实验室里进行理论和实验的综合工作。考虑到研究的具体情况的实用方法包括实施实验。理论方法与实验计划、传统统计方法的信息处理、分析计算、结果有关。在试验的基础上，揭示了水流作用下大集料(碎石)、小体积(砂土)土工格栅的高效截留。通过对颗粒从边坡上漂移的临界速度的计算和土工格栅在边坡上的稳定性计算，得到了土工格栅在边坡上的极限值。这些试验得出结论，边坡坍塌的关键原因之一是填料的选择错误。此外，还开发了针对非洪水易发边坡和洪水易发边坡的体积土工格栅参数选择技术。
{"title":"Results of studies of volumetric geogrid","authors":"N. Zubachev, I. Galimov, A. Kuzin, Olga Sobina","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. As part of the work on the study of methods of protection of slopes from erosion using bulk geogrid was found the problem of leaching the filler material from the cells under the influence of water flow. The relevance of the work is due to the widespread use of bulk geogrid structures in the construction, which are the subject of the study. The aim is to develop recommendations for the choice of the material of the filler volume geogrid. The objectives of the study are to study the factors affecting the efficiency of retention of the filler. The practical significance lies in the fact that scientifically-based recommendations on the choice of the filler material of bulk geogrids have been developed. For many years, the improvement of structures and the development of new solutions for the protection of structures from water erosion were carried out by various specialists in the field of hydraulic research of objects of hydraulic and transport construction, including: I. Levi, A. Guryev, N.In. Khanov, Yu.M. Kosichenko, K.D. Kozlov, W. Müller, O. Kief, Y. Schary and others.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The method of research was to conduct a complex of theoretical and experimental work in the laboratory. Practical methods taking into account the specifics of the study include the implementation of experiments. Theoretical methods are associated with the planning of experiments, traditional statistical methods of information processing, analytical calculations.\u0000\u0000Results. On the basis of the performed experiments high efficiency of retention of large aggregate (crushed stone) and small (sand) volume geogrid under the influence of water flow was revealed. Based on the calculations of the critical velocities of particle drift from the slope and stability calculations of the geogrid on the slope, the limit values of the slopes with bulk geogrids are obtained.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. These tests have led to the conclusion that one of the key reasons for the collapse of the slopes is the wrong choice of filler material. In addition, the developed technique of selection of parameters of volumetric geogrid as to not flood prone and flood prone slopes.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90415558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.2
Le Minh Tuan, I. Shukurov, Nguyen Thi Mai
Introduction. The paper presents a method to simulate the maximum intensity of urban heat island (UHI) based on urban geometry using H/W parameters, where H — building height and W — width of neighboring street. Urban heat island is determined by the increase in the temperature in the city centers compared to the surrounding rural areas. Materials and methods. The research is based on remote sensing technology to analyze the thermal surface of Hanoi city. It was run in different seasons thereby determining the expansion of the heat island effect over the years. The research method is based on Oke’s model number theory. An area is selected in the city center with high construction density to simulate the intensity of UHI. Results. The study shows that population growth affects the urbanization process. Over the years the urban land area is affected by the expansion of the heat island effect. Based on Oke’s model, calculations of UHI maximum intensity in Nhan Chinh block (Thanh Xuan district of Hanoi) were made. The estimation showed that the higher the building and the greater the distance from the road, the greater the intensity of the heat island. Accordingly, the lower the building and the smaller the distance from the road, the lower the intensity of the heat island. Conclusions. Using the Oke’s model to estimate heat island intensity based on the height-to-distance ratio of a building to a road makes process modeling possible. As a result, the planner can offer solutions to eliminate the negative impact of the urban heat island effect.
{"title":"A study case of urban heat island intensity based on urban geometry","authors":"Le Minh Tuan, I. Shukurov, Nguyen Thi Mai","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper presents a method to simulate the maximum intensity of urban heat island (UHI) based on urban geometry using H/W parameters, where H — building height and W — width of neighboring street. Urban heat island is determined by the increase in the temperature in the city centers compared to the surrounding rural areas.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The research is based on remote sensing technology to analyze the thermal surface of Hanoi city. It was run in different seasons thereby determining the expansion of the heat island effect over the years. The research method is based on Oke’s model number theory. An area is selected in the city center with high construction density to simulate the intensity of UHI.\u0000\u0000Results. The study shows that population growth affects the urbanization process. Over the years the urban land area is affected by the expansion of the heat island effect. Based on Oke’s model, calculations of UHI maximum intensity in Nhan Chinh block (Thanh Xuan district of Hanoi) were made. The estimation showed that the higher the building and the greater the distance from the road, the greater the intensity of the heat island. Accordingly, the lower the building and the smaller the distance from the road, the lower the intensity of the heat island.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. Using the Oke’s model to estimate heat island intensity based on the height-to-distance ratio of a building to a road makes process modeling possible. As a result, the planner can offer solutions to eliminate the negative impact of the urban heat island effect.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82261830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.6
O. Rubin, A. Antonov, S. Lisichkin, K. E. Frolov, A. Lisichkin
Introduction. Floorings of the turbine hall and installation sites of the HPP (PSS) are one of the most important reinforced concrete structures, as during operation they are subjected to significant process duties, including those not provided for by the project. Thus, during the testing of crane equipment on the floor surface of the installation site of the Alluriquin HPP under construction, the cargo weighing 22 tons fell, under the influence of which the floor slab was punched, which required a comprehensive study of the condition of the reinforced concrete structure of the floor and the surrounding area of the failure of structures, as well as the development of measures to strengthen the damaged structure. Materials and Methods. Visual and instrumental studies of the stress and strain state (SSS) of the reinforced concrete structure of the turbine hall slab and surrounding structures were carried out with the use of optical devices (MPB-3 reading microscope), Schmidt hammer to determine the strength of concrete structures, as well as the “reinforcement load removal” method to determine the actual stresses in the reinforcement of structures. Results. The punching of the reinforced concrete floor of the installation site with vertical displacements of the edges of through cracks up to 12 mm, as well as the system of cracks formed during the fall of cargo was revealed. The actual stresses in the reinforcement are determined by the “reinforcement load removal” method. On the basis of finite element modeling the actual condition of structures during the period of cargo fall and after the removal of the load is obtained. On the basis of the analysis of results of field and design studies the schematic diagram of strengthening of structures by carbon composite materials is developed. Conclusions. The actual SSS of the reinforced concrete floor of the installation site and its support structures during the period of the cargo fall and after the termination of the impulse load is established. The vertical displacement of the edges of the crack of the floor punching was 17.5 mm during the period of the fall of the load and 12 mm after the removal of the impulse load. Crack opening width in reinforced concrete structures in the cargo drop area reached 2 mm. At the moment when the cargo fell on the floor slab, the values of stresses in the reinforcement cage reached 200 MPa; after the impact — 76.2 MPa. With a view of the subsequent safe operation of the reinforced concrete floor and surrounding structures the basic schemes of their strengthening by external reinforcement on the basis of carbon fiber have been developed, which have been proved by calculation.
{"title":"Grounds for the decision to strengthen reinforced concrete structures after short-term impulse loads, using Alluriquin HPP as an example","authors":"O. Rubin, A. Antonov, S. Lisichkin, K. E. Frolov, A. Lisichkin","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Floorings of the turbine hall and installation sites of the HPP (PSS) are one of the most important reinforced concrete structures, as during operation they are subjected to significant process duties, including those not provided for by the project. Thus, during the testing of crane equipment on the floor surface of the installation site of the Alluriquin HPP under construction, the cargo weighing 22 tons fell, under the influence of which the floor slab was punched, which required a comprehensive study of the condition of the reinforced concrete structure of the floor and the surrounding area of the failure of structures, as well as the development of measures to strengthen the damaged structure.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. Visual and instrumental studies of the stress and strain state (SSS) of the reinforced concrete structure of the turbine hall slab and surrounding structures were carried out with the use of optical devices (MPB-3 reading microscope), Schmidt hammer to determine the strength of concrete structures, as well as the “reinforcement load removal” method to determine the actual stresses in the reinforcement of structures.\u0000\u0000Results. The punching of the reinforced concrete floor of the installation site with vertical displacements of the edges of through cracks up to 12 mm, as well as the system of cracks formed during the fall of cargo was revealed. The actual stresses in the reinforcement are determined by the “reinforcement load removal” method. On the basis of finite element modeling the actual condition of structures during the period of cargo fall and after the removal of the load is obtained. On the basis of the analysis of results of field and design studies the schematic diagram of strengthening of structures by carbon composite materials is developed.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The actual SSS of the reinforced concrete floor of the installation site and its support structures during the period of the cargo fall and after the termination of the impulse load is established. The vertical displacement of the edges of the crack of the floor punching was 17.5 mm during the period of the fall of the load and 12 mm after the removal of the impulse load. Crack opening width in reinforced concrete structures in the cargo drop area reached 2 mm. At the moment when the cargo fell on the floor slab, the values of stresses in the reinforcement cage reached 200 MPa; after the impact — 76.2 MPa. With a view of the subsequent safe operation of the reinforced concrete floor and surrounding structures the basic schemes of their strengthening by external reinforcement on the basis of carbon fiber have been developed, which have been proved by calculation.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"360 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80224314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.8
S. Chicherin
Introduction. Renovation of housing stock supposes construction of new buildings, where the main utilities consuming heat energy will be heating and hot water supply (HWS) systems. Under such conditions the task of heat consumption reduction by transfer to low-temperature and use of the associated procedures is relevant. Materials and Methods. Research was performed on the basis of residential and administration buildings designed within the whole Russia, the facilities were selected based on the year of putting into operation and their purpose. The source of data concerning buildings became documents included into the scope of the design and detailed documentation: plans, drawings and explanatory notes. As meeting the demands of hot water supply makes the main contribution to daily nonuniformities of heat energy consumption, the attention was paid to equipment of hot water supply systems. For calculations, the commercial product of Microsoft Office Excel 2010 was used. Results. During selection of roof boiler house as a source of heat supply increase in consumption of equivalent fuel in relation to the variant of connection to heat power plant operating on solid fuel by 187,314 tons of fuel oil equivalent is possible. General refusal from power-and-heat generation complicates operation of large district heat supply systems. The design parameters of coolant in building heating system differ from project to project: from 95/70 °С, used everywhere till the beginning of the XXI century, up to 90/65 °С corresponding to existing practice of designing or 80/60 °С as at the facility in Sevastopol. Reduction of design temperatures by 5 % is insufficient to decrease general heat consumption of the building. Reduction of heat consumption is explained by selection of advanced materials for pipeline heat insulation. Use of automation diagrams for heat points on the basis of regulator ECL Comfort 310 contributes to improvement of hydraulic control for heating systems, however, concealed automation results in violation of high-quality mode for heat network control and decrease of coolant parameters on adjacent (often non-automated) consumers. Conclusions. Supplement of central high-quality control by local constant temperature/variable flow control at individual heat unit and installation of temperature controllers on heating radiators with mechanical thermostatic head have potential for reduction of the heat energy volume used ineffectively. Increase in level of controllability for heating system together with cheaper and responsive automation systems are basic conditions for increase in quality of heat supply in future.
{"title":"Analysis of procedures for heating, ventilation and air conditioning for transfer to low-temperature heat supply","authors":"S. Chicherin","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Renovation of housing stock supposes construction of new buildings, where the main utilities consuming heat energy will be heating and hot water supply (HWS) systems. Under such conditions the task of heat consumption reduction by transfer to low-temperature and use of the associated procedures is relevant.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods. Research was performed on the basis of residential and administration buildings designed within the whole Russia, the facilities were selected based on the year of putting into operation and their purpose. The source of data concerning buildings became documents included into the scope of the design and detailed documentation: plans, drawings and explanatory notes. As meeting the demands of hot water supply makes the main contribution to daily nonuniformities of heat energy consumption, the attention was paid to equipment of hot water supply systems. For calculations, the commercial product of Microsoft Office Excel 2010 was used.\u0000\u0000Results. During selection of roof boiler house as a source of heat supply increase in consumption of equivalent fuel in relation to the variant of connection to heat power plant operating on solid fuel by 187,314 tons of fuel oil equivalent is possible. General refusal from power-and-heat generation complicates operation of large district heat supply systems. The design parameters of coolant in building heating system differ from project to project: from 95/70 °С, used everywhere till the beginning of the XXI century, up to 90/65 °С corresponding to existing practice of designing or 80/60 °С as at the facility in Sevastopol. Reduction of design temperatures by 5 % is insufficient to decrease general heat consumption of the building. Reduction of heat consumption is explained by selection of advanced materials for pipeline heat insulation. Use of automation diagrams for heat points on the basis of regulator ECL Comfort 310 contributes to improvement of hydraulic control for heating systems, however, concealed automation results in violation of high-quality mode for heat network control and decrease of coolant parameters on adjacent (often non-automated) consumers.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. Supplement of central high-quality control by local constant temperature/variable flow control at individual heat unit and installation of temperature controllers on heating radiators with mechanical thermostatic head have potential for reduction of the heat energy volume used ineffectively. Increase in level of controllability for heating system together with cheaper and responsive automation systems are basic conditions for increase in quality of heat supply in future.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88131015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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