Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.1
Boushra A. Al darf
Introduction. Nowadays functional concept of sports facilities is no longer limited to sports. Sport is not limited to professional athletes and sports teams; it must be available to everyone of different age groups. Cooperation also arose between sports and recreational public facilities. The purpose of the work is to identify the typological features of sports facilities, depending on their position in the service system of the population of large cities of Syria. Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of the main characteristics of 120 projects and buildings of sports facilities, as well as the study of theoretical researches on the hierarchy of levels of public services of the population of cities. Results. The analysis of physical culture and sports facilities was carried out according to several criteria, such as: the scale of the object in the environment, its role in the urban planning composition, functions, structure, architectural features and the social role of the object in society. The considered examples were systematized according to the specified criteria and levels of service. The importance of the social role of sports facilities in the process of supporting poor areas and residential slums was also revealed. Conclusions. For a network of sports facilities, three levels are assumed based on the service radius. The functional, structural, compositional, and social characteristics of small, medium, and large physical and sports facilities of various levels of service were determined. The functions that turn sports facilities into a part of the systems of social, health and environmental service centers are identified.
{"title":"Typological features of sports facilities as elements of the public service system","authors":"Boushra A. Al darf","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Nowadays functional concept of sports facilities is no longer limited to sports. Sport is not limited to professional athletes and sports teams; it must be available to everyone of different age groups. Cooperation also arose between sports and recreational public facilities. The purpose of the work is to identify the typological features of sports facilities, depending on their position in the service system of the population of large cities of Syria.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The study is based on an analysis of the main characteristics of 120 projects and buildings of sports facilities, as well as the study of theoretical researches on the hierarchy of levels of public services of the population of cities.\u0000\u0000Results. The analysis of physical culture and sports facilities was carried out according to several criteria, such as: the scale of the object in the environment, its role in the urban planning composition, functions, structure, architectural features and the social role of the object in society. The considered examples were systematized according to the specified criteria and levels of service. The importance of the social role of sports facilities in the process of supporting poor areas and residential slums was also revealed.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. For a network of sports facilities, three levels are assumed based on the service radius. The functional, structural, compositional, and social characteristics of small, medium, and large physical and sports facilities of various levels of service were determined. The functions that turn sports facilities into a part of the systems of social, health and environmental service centers are identified.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80236357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.3
S. Ulyanovskaya, A. Balakina
Introduction. The paper analyses the formation of the architectural space of institutions of additional education (AE). Analyses of similar facilities of the existing stock of AE institutions or entities having educational function in Russia were made. The selected similar facilities are the study subject, and their architectural and urban development properties are the study object. The purpose of the study is to identify positive and negative features of the similar facilities. To achieve the stated goal, a detailed analysis of the subject facilities is required, according to a three-stage system of criteria. The system was developed specifically as a part of scientific research for ranking of the similar facilities. As a scientific hypothesis, possibilities of educational environment formation and training programs selection in accordance with the interests of modern adolescents is considered. Materials and methods. A three-stage system of criteria for the evaluation of the said features was developed. For the analysis, 72 similar facilities were selected based on typological characteristics. They were analyzed based on the first system of limiting criteria. Based on the results of the assessment, 30 of them were selected suiting most of the criteria. 30 objects were analyzed, based on the second system of limiting criteria. After the analysis, 4 similar facilities were selected. In the four selected institutions, a field survey was conducted, after which they were analyzed according to the third extended system of criteria with the identification of the leader. Results. The problem of the unpopularity of some institutions was studied, which entails a small set of students or their complete absence. The scientific novelty lies in the new approach to the study of similar objects and the method of their analysis, which gives a multi-factor assessment of each. Based on the analysis of the third extended system of criteria, positive and negative features of the existing stock of AE institutions were identified. Based on the analysis, the conditions and recommendations for the formation of institutions of additional education in a new format were identified. Conclusions. The formation of a favorable architectural environment of the educational institution, along with the planning of filling with various education subjects, is facilitated by the analysis of the existing stock of the similar facilities with the identification of their positive and negative qualities. This process is important, since the shaping of the architectural environment, nowadays, will directly affect the child’s perceptivity of new information and its interest in the process of using space in future.
{"title":"Architecture of institutions of additional education in different urban development situations","authors":"S. Ulyanovskaya, A. Balakina","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper analyses the formation of the architectural space of institutions of additional education (AE). Analyses of similar facilities of the existing stock of AE institutions or entities having educational function in Russia were made. The selected similar facilities are the study subject, and their architectural and urban development properties are the study object. The purpose of the study is to identify positive and negative features of the similar facilities. To achieve the stated goal, a detailed analysis of the subject facilities is required, according to a three-stage system of criteria. The system was developed specifically as a part of scientific research for ranking of the similar facilities. As a scientific hypothesis, possibilities of educational environment formation and training programs selection in accordance with the interests of modern adolescents is considered.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. A three-stage system of criteria for the evaluation of the said features was developed. For the analysis, 72 similar facilities were selected based on typological characteristics. They were analyzed based on the first system of limiting criteria. Based on the results of the assessment, 30 of them were selected suiting most of the criteria. 30 objects were analyzed, based on the second system of limiting criteria. After the analysis, 4 similar facilities were selected. In the four selected institutions, a field survey was conducted, after which they were analyzed according to the third extended system of criteria with the identification of the leader.\u0000\u0000Results. The problem of the unpopularity of some institutions was studied, which entails a small set of students or their complete absence. The scientific novelty lies in the new approach to the study of similar objects and the method of their analysis, which gives a multi-factor assessment of each. Based on the analysis of the third extended system of criteria, positive and negative features of the existing stock of AE institutions were identified. Based on the analysis, the conditions and recommendations for the formation of institutions of additional education in a new format were identified.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The formation of a favorable architectural environment of the educational institution, along with the planning of filling with various education subjects, is facilitated by the analysis of the existing stock of the similar facilities with the identification of their positive and negative qualities. This process is important, since the shaping of the architectural environment, nowadays, will directly affect the child’s perceptivity of new information and its interest in the process of using space in future.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79884425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.11
V. Kuznetsov, G. Polekhina, Y. Shaposhnikova
Introduction. Objective and regular students’ knowledge monitoring in technical subjects can be implemented by means of special tests allowing for the required mastering level of the matter and the reliable consolidation of the acquired knowledge. Various aspects of the application of tests in the academic activity were considered. Materials and methods. Tests used in practical studies should meet specific requirements, such as: validity, definiteness, simplicity, unambiguity, reliability. The identification of mastering levels makes it possible to “troubleshoot” and to improve the academic activity and the mastering degree of the competences by the students. Based on the assessment of the studying pattern of the forthcoming activity, one could point out four mastering levels of the subject matter. Level I tests include recognition, discrimination and classification. Level II tests monitor the mastering of the subject in the level of “reproduction” allowing for retrieval of information from the memory and its analysis, for routine assignment solutions. Level III tests impose special assignments challenging a student with quests for which no ready algorithms are catered, whereas the solutions found lead to obtaining of subjectively new information. Level IV tests reveal students’ capability to take decisions in new problematic situations, the solutions found, being a result of creative activity, are followed by obtaining of objectively new information. Results. To establish an efficient system of monitoring tests in a certain subject, a number of basic prerequisites is required, such as a data base, a sample group of with the required number of assignments, at least 30 and maximum 70, a time limit in accordance with the required labor intensity, assessment of the assignments and its criteria, the output of the results. Conclusions. If there is a required number of computers of at least one PC per two students, correctly arranged computer testing considerably reduces time demand of a monitoring event, increases the responsibility and the progress of the students, guarantees the objectiveness of the knowledge monitoring and helps to avoid conflicts.
{"title":"Computerized testing as efficient form of objective knowledge monitoring in studying of technical subjects","authors":"V. Kuznetsov, G. Polekhina, Y. Shaposhnikova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Objective and regular students’ knowledge monitoring in technical subjects can be implemented by means of special tests allowing for the required mastering level of the matter and the reliable consolidation of the acquired knowledge. Various aspects of the application of tests in the academic activity were considered.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. Tests used in practical studies should meet specific requirements, such as: validity, definiteness, simplicity, unambiguity, reliability. The identification of mastering levels makes it possible to “troubleshoot” and to improve the academic activity and the mastering degree of the competences by the students. Based on the assessment of the studying pattern of the forthcoming activity, one could point out four mastering levels of the subject matter. Level I tests include recognition, discrimination and classification. Level II tests monitor the mastering of the subject in the level of “reproduction” allowing for retrieval of information from the memory and its analysis, for routine assignment solutions. Level III tests impose special assignments challenging a student with quests for which no ready algorithms are catered, whereas the solutions found lead to obtaining of subjectively new information. Level IV tests reveal students’ capability to take decisions in new problematic situations, the solutions found, being a result of creative activity, are followed by obtaining of objectively new information.\u0000\u0000Results. To establish an efficient system of monitoring tests in a certain subject, a number of basic prerequisites is required, such as a data base, a sample group of with the required number of assignments, at least 30 and maximum 70, a time limit in accordance with the required labor intensity, assessment of the assignments and its criteria, the output of the results.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. If there is a required number of computers of at least one PC per two students, correctly arranged computer testing considerably reduces time demand of a monitoring event, increases the responsibility and the progress of the students, guarantees the objectiveness of the knowledge monitoring and helps to avoid conflicts.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87791321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.3
A. Glotko, V. Belikov, N. Borisova, E. Vasileva, Aleksey Rumjancev
Introduction. A problem area of the Volga river between the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station and the city of Nizhny Novgorod has been surveyed, where unfavourable conditions for navigation, power generation, and safe living in the downstream are formed as a result of the landing level. The only solution to the problem is construction of a low-head hydraulic system (NNGU) that will reduce intensity of relief re-formations in the downstream of the Nizhny Novgorod hydraulic system and stop lowering of the bottom and level marks in this area. Purpose of this research is to study processes that occur upstream and downstream from the site of the facility to identify hazardous trends and develop practical solutions to minimize negative impacts; as well as a review of mathematical models conducted in this area for improving navigation conditions. Materials and methods. Materials of previous researches on this subject, pre-design engineering surveys and layout drawings of the designed hydraulic system are used. The researches have been performed with numerical methods using Stream 2D software package that is based on the two-dimensional differential equation Saint-Venant system. Options for low-flow conditions are considered, taking into account passing of the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station, as well as rare floods. Results. Plans for distribution of velocity modules and vectors are created, which show that construction of the low-pressure hydraulic system results in decrease in slopes and velocities of water in the problem area of the Volga-Kama cascade, as a result of which intensity of bottom deformations decreases. Rare flow passage demonstrated that difference in pools is insignificant, while, at the same time, flow of water along the left-bank floodplain passes more than believed before. Calculations of low-flow conditions demonstrated a number of deficiencies in the design, which are associated with insufficient throughput and uneven distribution of flow rates in the discharge area of the waterfront. Conclusion The results demonstrated a practical importance of using mathematical simulation with numerical methods in a two-dimensional formulation, which allow us to consider processes in more detailed manner and change the hydraulic system design in a timely manner.
{"title":"Numerical hydrodynamic researches for justifying design of the Nizhny Novgorod low-head hydraulic system","authors":"A. Glotko, V. Belikov, N. Borisova, E. Vasileva, Aleksey Rumjancev","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A problem area of the Volga river between the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station and the city of Nizhny Novgorod has been surveyed, where unfavourable conditions for navigation, power generation, and safe living in the downstream are formed as a result of the landing level. The only solution to the problem is construction of a low-head hydraulic system (NNGU) that will reduce intensity of relief re-formations in the downstream of the Nizhny Novgorod hydraulic system and stop lowering of the bottom and level marks in this area. Purpose of this research is to study processes that occur upstream and downstream from the site of the facility to identify hazardous trends and develop practical solutions to minimize negative impacts; as well as a review of mathematical models conducted in this area for improving navigation conditions. Materials and methods. Materials of previous researches on this subject, pre-design engineering surveys and layout drawings of the designed hydraulic system are used. The researches have been performed with numerical methods using Stream 2D software package that is based on the two-dimensional differential equation Saint-Venant system. Options for low-flow conditions are considered, taking into account passing of the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station, as well as rare floods. Results. Plans for distribution of velocity modules and vectors are created, which show that construction of the low-pressure hydraulic system results in decrease in slopes and velocities of water in the problem area of the Volga-Kama cascade, as a result of which intensity of bottom deformations decreases. Rare flow passage demonstrated that difference in pools is insignificant, while, at the same time, flow of water along the left-bank floodplain passes more than believed before. Calculations of low-flow conditions demonstrated a number of deficiencies in the design, which are associated with insufficient throughput and uneven distribution of flow rates in the discharge area of the waterfront. Conclusion The results demonstrated a practical importance of using mathematical simulation with numerical methods in a two-dimensional formulation, which allow us to consider processes in more detailed manner and change the hydraulic system design in a timely manner.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89953289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.6
S. Ulyanovskaya, A. Balakina
ntroduction. The issue of early occupational guidance of children and adolescents is associated with a creation of a new educational environment and the necessity for design of new and refurbishment of existing facilities of extended education (EE) and further vocational education (FVE). The architectural shaping of the educational environment requires consideration of numerous factors, including the arrangement of accessible environment for people with limited mobility (PLM) to provide for development and education of handicapped students. Materials and methods. An analysis of current enactments and design codes for education facilities was made. Based on polling conducted by the authors among teachers, psychologists, speech pathologists and students, non-compliances of the existing functional groups of premises and their dimensions with contemporary methods of education and teaching were found out. By analysis of domestic and foreign design practice, additional functional layout elements (FLEs) were determined. Results. Scientifically based proposals were given, as to the selection of additional FLEs, links were identified to other functional groups and their basic specifications, also proposals were made as to the alteration of regulatory requirements to FLEs. Conclusions. A hypothesis of the demand for new functional areas of education facilities (FLEs of studio spaces) was confirmed. Amendments were proposed to the existing regulatory design basis of EE and FVE facilities, as well as recommendations for issuing of technical design assignments for architects and designers. The scientific novelty comprises new design principles of the architectural environment of EE and FVE facilities under recognition of the revealed factors based on the studies of a range of requirements to the shaping of education facilities of the new type.
{"title":"Design norms and codes for educational facilities of a new format","authors":"S. Ulyanovskaya, A. Balakina","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"ntroduction. The issue of early occupational guidance of children and adolescents is associated with a creation of a new educational environment and the necessity for design of new and refurbishment of existing facilities of extended education (EE) and further vocational education (FVE). The architectural shaping of the educational environment requires consideration of numerous factors, including the arrangement of accessible environment for people with limited mobility (PLM) to provide for development and education of handicapped students.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. An analysis of current enactments and design codes for education facilities was made. Based on polling conducted by the authors among teachers, psychologists, speech pathologists and students, non-compliances of the existing functional groups of premises and their dimensions with contemporary methods of education and teaching were found out. By analysis of domestic and foreign design practice, additional functional layout elements (FLEs) were determined.\u0000\u0000Results. Scientifically based proposals were given, as to the selection of additional FLEs, links were identified to other functional groups and their basic specifications, also proposals were made as to the alteration of regulatory requirements to FLEs.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. A hypothesis of the demand for new functional areas of education facilities (FLEs of studio spaces) was confirmed. Amendments were proposed to the existing regulatory design basis of EE and FVE facilities, as well as recommendations for issuing of technical design assignments for architects and designers. The scientific novelty comprises new design principles of the architectural environment of EE and FVE facilities under recognition of the revealed factors based on the studies of a range of requirements to the shaping of education facilities of the new type.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"723 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78479118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.9
I. Makhov
Introduction. In landmark buildings, floorings and roofs are performed as vault and arch systems. For accommodation of horizontal forces in the arches, aerial braces are used. Aerial braces of an arch system are a tie made of wrought iron with a cross-sectional area from 10 to 50 cm2. In the scientific and technical literature, information on aerial braces is extremely poor. Materials and methods. To assess the impacts of temperature deformations on the bearing strength of the aerial braces, a computational analysis was performed. On the basis of data on standard structural schemes of the landmark buildings, the characteristic length of aerial braces was taken into account. Averaged climatic data calculated on the basis of weather observations for the period 1988–2017 for 13 climatic regions of Russia were analysed. Since the data on the temperature of the closure of the distance piece system are irrevocably missing, two variants of the outdoor temperature were considered for the installation of the aerial braces: zero and the maximum summer temperature. Results. Calculations were carried out and the strain arising in the aerial braces at the corresponding temperature elongation values obtained under recognition of the different temperatures of arch system closure was determined. Totally 78 temperature graphs were obtained and analysed for different climate areas, with different closure temperatures of arched systems. Conclusions. It was found out that, for the assessment of the impacts of temperature deformation on the bearing capacity of aerial braces, the actual temperature of the arch system closure is decisive. The safety factor of the bearing strength of aerial braces of arch systems for most climatic zones exceeds 50 % and can reach 92 %. At the same time, for two areas with significant negative temperatures in the winter period, the utilization ratio of aerial braces can reach 0.6–0.63. The maximum temperature elongation of aerial braces with a length of 6 m does not exceed 3 mm in case of mounting at the maximum summer temperature and 2 mm at the zero point.
{"title":"Impacts of temperature on the stress-strain state of aerial braces of arch systems","authors":"I. Makhov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In landmark buildings, floorings and roofs are performed as vault and arch systems. For accommodation of horizontal forces in the arches, aerial braces are used. Aerial braces of an arch system are a tie made of wrought iron with a cross-sectional area from 10 to 50 cm2. In the scientific and technical literature, information on aerial braces is extremely poor.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. To assess the impacts of temperature deformations on the bearing strength of the aerial braces, a computational analysis was performed. On the basis of data on standard structural schemes of the landmark buildings, the characteristic length of aerial braces was taken into account. Averaged climatic data calculated on the basis of weather observations for the period 1988–2017 for 13 climatic regions of Russia were analysed. Since the data on the temperature of the closure of the distance piece system are irrevocably missing, two variants of the outdoor temperature were considered for the installation of the aerial braces: zero and the maximum summer temperature.\u0000\u0000Results. Calculations were carried out and the strain arising in the aerial braces at the corresponding temperature elongation values obtained under recognition of the different temperatures of arch system closure was determined. Totally 78 temperature graphs were obtained and analysed for different climate areas, with different closure temperatures of arched systems.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. It was found out that, for the assessment of the impacts of temperature deformation on the bearing capacity of aerial braces, the actual temperature of the arch system closure is decisive. The safety factor of the bearing strength of aerial braces of arch systems for most climatic zones exceeds 50 % and can reach 92 %. At the same time, for two areas with significant negative temperatures in the winter period, the utilization ratio of aerial braces can reach 0.6–0.63. The maximum temperature elongation of aerial braces with a length of 6 m does not exceed 3 mm in case of mounting at the maximum summer temperature and 2 mm at the zero point.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87030731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.5
M. Sainov, Igor Egorov, K. Pak
Introduction. One of the main principles in designing modern ultra-high rockfill dams with reinforced concrete face is the principle of zoning rockfill of various quality in the dam body. It envisages that rockfill in the shell upper part should be compacted very carefully in order to minimize to the maximum the deflections of the reinforced concrete face. In the shell lower part it is allowed placing heterogeneous rockfill with less degree of compaction. Analysis of the results of field observations over settlements of the already constructed dams shows that this pattern of zoning may lead to considerable irregularity in distribution of rockfill deformation moduli between the upstream and the downstream parts of the dam. Numerical modeling of the existing Aguamilpa dam carried out by use arlier showed that this effect may be caused by unfavorable stress-strain state of the reinforced concrete face threatening with crack formation. Were come ended using dams of homogenous structure. However, this conclusion caused doubts of some experts. More detailed studies who see results are described in this article were conducted in order to confirm or disprove this conclusion. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted by finite element method on the example of 100 m high rockfill dam. Different alternatives of rockfill deformation properties in the shell upstream and downstream parts were considered. Results. Analysis of the results of studies confirmed the conclusions made earlier about the features of the rockfill dam reinforced concrete face stress-strain state. It was revealed that increase of rockfill deformation in the dam shell downstream part leads to appearance of additional tensile longitudinal force in the face. It increases the risk of appearance of through transversal cracks in the face. However, the heterogeneous structure of the dam shell may not have a decisive impact on stress values because the value of bending moment plays a great role. Conclusions. The results of the fulfilled study as well as modern dam construction practice show the necessity of modifying the traditional pattern of rockfill zoning in the dam body. It is necessary to provide decrease of differences in rockfill deformation of the upstream and downstream parts of the dam.
{"title":"Impact of rockfill dam structure heterogeneity on reinforced concrete face stress-strain state","authors":"M. Sainov, Igor Egorov, K. Pak","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the main principles in designing modern ultra-high rockfill dams with reinforced concrete face is the principle of zoning rockfill of various quality in the dam body. It envisages that rockfill in the shell upper part should be compacted very carefully in order to minimize to the maximum the deflections of the reinforced concrete face. In the shell lower part it is allowed placing heterogeneous rockfill with less degree of compaction. Analysis of the results of field observations over settlements of the already constructed dams shows that this pattern of zoning may lead to considerable irregularity in distribution of rockfill deformation moduli between the upstream and the downstream parts of the dam. Numerical modeling of the existing Aguamilpa dam carried out by use arlier showed that this effect may be caused by unfavorable stress-strain state of the reinforced concrete face threatening with crack formation. Were come ended using dams of homogenous structure. However, this conclusion caused doubts of some experts. More detailed studies who see results are described in this article were conducted in order to confirm or disprove this conclusion.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The studies were conducted by finite element method on the example of 100 m high rockfill dam. Different alternatives of rockfill deformation properties in the shell upstream and downstream parts were considered.\u0000\u0000Results. Analysis of the results of studies confirmed the conclusions made earlier about the features of the rockfill dam reinforced concrete face stress-strain state. It was revealed that increase of rockfill deformation in the dam shell downstream part leads to appearance of additional tensile longitudinal force in the face. It increases the risk of appearance of through transversal cracks in the face. However, the heterogeneous structure of the dam shell may not have a decisive impact on stress values because the value of bending moment plays a great role.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The results of the fulfilled study as well as modern dam construction practice show the necessity of modifying the traditional pattern of rockfill zoning in the dam body. It is necessary to provide decrease of differences in rockfill deformation of the upstream and downstream parts of the dam.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.10
M. Amirkhanian
Introduction. Influence of forest plantations on intensity of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of commercial frequency (50 Hz), generated by high voltage power transmission line (PTL), is considered. Materials and methods. The study was conducted near the village of Boltino in the Moscow Region. The EMF measurements were made on two profiles perpendicular to the 500 kV PTL (power transmission line) axis, one of which passes through the forest area, the other one does not cross it. Measurements of commercial frequency electromagnetic fields (CFEMF) were carried out using a measurement device and antennas, designed to measure the intensities of magnetic and electrical fields. Results. The comparative analysis of the character of change of electric and magnetic components of EMF with distance from the PTL axis allowed to establish the effect of EMF intensity decrease starting from the forest area boundary. Diagrams show that EMF reduction effect is more pronounced for the electrical component. Conclusions. The revealed effect to a certain extent shows the analogy of the forest area with the Faraday cage. However, such an analogy is not complete due to the fact that the forest area is not a perfectly conductive body, but has only a low conductivity. Additional EMF reduction occurs as a result of partial EMF energy absorption by the forest area
{"title":"Assessment of the impact of forest plantations on the intensity of commercial frequency electromagnetic fields","authors":"M. Amirkhanian","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Influence of forest plantations on intensity of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of commercial frequency (50 Hz), generated by high voltage power transmission line (PTL), is considered.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The study was conducted near the village of Boltino in the Moscow Region. The EMF measurements were made on two profiles perpendicular to the 500 kV PTL (power transmission line) axis, one of which passes through the forest area, the other one does not cross it. Measurements of commercial frequency electromagnetic fields (CFEMF) were carried out using a measurement device and antennas, designed to measure the intensities of magnetic and electrical fields.\u0000\u0000Results. The comparative analysis of the character of change of electric and magnetic components of EMF with distance from the PTL axis allowed to establish the effect of EMF intensity decrease starting from the forest area boundary. Diagrams show that EMF reduction effect is more pronounced for the electrical component.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The revealed effect to a certain extent shows the analogy of the forest area with the Faraday cage. However, such an analogy is not complete due to the fact that the forest area is not a perfectly conductive body, but has only a low conductivity. Additional EMF reduction occurs as a result of partial EMF energy absorption by the forest area","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85916367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.2
B. Zaytsev, Igor Egorov
Introduction. In 1971, “Schedule of multi-purpose use and protection of water resources of the basin of the Belaya River” envisaged construction of a cascade of 10 waterworks facilities, subdivided in 4 sections. Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility was planned for construction in the third section, the most lucrative in terms of energetic utilization. However, of the three HPPs planned in this section: Varyazhskaya, Nizhne-Suyanskaya and Pavlovskaya HPP, for the time being, only Pavlovskaya HPP has been built. Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility had the mission to solve water household, energy and socio-economic problems. Materials and methods. Initial material for the study were the results of the “Substantiation of the investment in the construction of Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility in the Ufa River in the Republic of Bashkortostan” prepared by ОJSC Energy Engineering Centre of Volga Region. Based on the retrieved data, the following analyses were made: a theoretical analysis, an estimate substantiation; subsequently, conclusions were put down based on the obtained results. Results. The optimum solution is a comprehensive waterworks facility, since Nizhne-Suyanskaya HPP will allow for improvement of the electrical power supply of the consumers of the NE part of the Bashkir power supply network. The construction of Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility will enable the control of the water influx to the water storage basin of Pavlovskaya HPP allowing for its increased generation power. The construction of the waterworks facility is supposed to carry out in 2 stages. The first stage will be the erection of a concrete overflow weir as a single unit with the HPP building. The second stage will be the construction of a soil dam of local construction materials, that is: dam body of sand and gravel soil, PFU core of loamy soil. Simultaneously with the soil dam, on the right bank a solid blind concrete weir will be erected. Conclusions. Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility unfortunately was not built. Feasibility studies have demonstrated a rate of return of the waterworks facility of 12.8 %, the value being a little higher than the standard one. This justifies investment in Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility. The basic feasibility factors of the construction of the waterworks facility are: Federal support, project engagement of the executive authority of the Republic of Bashkortostan and PJSC RusHydro, as well as availability of free investment funds.
{"title":"Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility — a long-term pending project","authors":"B. Zaytsev, Igor Egorov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In 1971, “Schedule of multi-purpose use and protection of water resources of the basin of the Belaya River” envisaged construction of a cascade of 10 waterworks facilities, subdivided in 4 sections. Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility was planned for construction in the third section, the most lucrative in terms of energetic utilization. However, of the three HPPs planned in this section: Varyazhskaya, Nizhne-Suyanskaya and Pavlovskaya HPP, for the time being, only Pavlovskaya HPP has been built.\u0000\u0000Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility had the mission to solve water household, energy and socio-economic problems.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. Initial material for the study were the results of the “Substantiation of the investment in the construction of Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility in the Ufa River in the Republic of Bashkortostan” prepared by ОJSC Energy Engineering Centre of Volga Region. Based on the retrieved data, the following analyses were made: a theoretical analysis, an estimate substantiation; subsequently, conclusions were put down based on the obtained results.\u0000\u0000Results. The optimum solution is a comprehensive waterworks facility, since Nizhne-Suyanskaya HPP will allow for improvement of the electrical power supply of the consumers of the NE part of the Bashkir power supply network. The construction of Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility will enable the control of the water influx to the water storage basin of Pavlovskaya HPP allowing for its increased generation power.\u0000\u0000The construction of the waterworks facility is supposed to carry out in 2 stages. The first stage will be the erection of a concrete overflow weir as a single unit with the HPP building. The second stage will be the construction of a soil dam of local construction materials, that is: dam body of sand and gravel soil, PFU core of loamy soil. Simultaneously with the soil dam, on the right bank a solid blind concrete weir will be erected.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility unfortunately was not built. Feasibility studies have demonstrated a rate of return of the waterworks facility of 12.8 %, the value being a little higher than the standard one. This justifies investment in Nizhne-Suyanskiy Waterworks Facility. The basic feasibility factors of the construction of the waterworks facility are: Federal support, project engagement of the executive authority of the Republic of Bashkortostan and PJSC RusHydro, as well as availability of free investment funds.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90089066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.8
Yara M. Saoud, T. Zabalueva
Introduction. The current problems of post-war Syria are related to the migration of people from hostility areas where the housing stock is substantially destroyed to the areas which remained intact of the war. Such a region in the country is the province of Latakia, Kasab being the biggest city located in a mountain “bowl”. However, there is almost no flat terrain, and construction is being carried out on the slopes surrounding the city. The paper substantiates the rationale for construction of houses on the relief on the basis of a new structural system called “carrier floor” which allows for significant reduction of the cost of such houses (by 1.5x), as well as for space and layout design solutions based thereon which meet both current requirements for housing and Arab cultural traditions. Materials and methods. The study has been carried out based on statistical and geographical data for Kasab; analyses of Syrian and Russian codes, scientific and analytical sources in literature, as well as on the analysis of the “carrier floor” structural system, its economic advantages and space-planning capabilities. Results. As a result of the study of individual housing on the basis of the “carrier floor” the advantages of this system were determined, which allow for compliance with current requirements of housing shaping in terms of space and layout solutions based on the example of Kasab; examples of space-planning and compositional solutions are given. Conclusions. The “carrier floor” structural scheme has made it possible to develop recommendations for creating space layout and composition solutions for individual residential buildings on the relief in Kasab City located in a mountain valley. The use of this structural system allows for reduction the cost of construction, and for the opportunity of free planning and alteration on demand due to the absence of intermediate supports in the ground floor.
{"title":"Individual houses on complex relief in the province of Latakia, Syria, on a new structural basis","authors":"Yara M. Saoud, T. Zabalueva","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2019.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The current problems of post-war Syria are related to the migration of people from hostility areas where the housing stock is substantially destroyed to the areas which remained intact of the war. Such a region in the country is the province of Latakia, Kasab being the biggest city located in a mountain “bowl”. However, there is almost no flat terrain, and construction is being carried out on the slopes surrounding the city. The paper substantiates the rationale for construction of houses on the relief on the basis of a new structural system called “carrier floor” which allows for significant reduction of the cost of such houses (by 1.5x), as well as for space and layout design solutions based thereon which meet both current requirements for housing and Arab cultural traditions.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The study has been carried out based on statistical and geographical data for Kasab; analyses of Syrian and Russian codes, scientific and analytical sources in literature, as well as on the analysis of the “carrier floor” structural system, its economic advantages and space-planning capabilities.\u0000\u0000Results. As a result of the study of individual housing on the basis of the “carrier floor” the advantages of this system were determined, which allow for compliance with current requirements of housing shaping in terms of space and layout solutions based on the example of Kasab; examples of space-planning and compositional solutions are given.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The “carrier floor” structural scheme has made it possible to develop recommendations for creating space layout and composition solutions for individual residential buildings on the relief in Kasab City located in a mountain valley. The use of this structural system allows for reduction the cost of construction, and for the opportunity of free planning and alteration on demand due to the absence of intermediate supports in the ground floor.","PeriodicalId":22024,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel stvo nauka i obrazovanie [Construction Science and Education]","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84509406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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