Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060122
N. Salameh, S. Mousset, A. Bensrhair
ADAS systems become increasingly integrated and provide more comprehensive driver support using information coming from surrounding environment and sensors for the modeling of the global environment. The evolution of technologies over the coming years will involve applications usingV2V and V2I communications. The optimization of these applications tosupport driving systems is not completed because the communications between vehicles are not well controlled. This paper aims at encouraging the cooperation between two software systems. An integrated framework for prototyping new communicating ”ADAS” systems is presented. This framework will achieve the communication and the data merging from different systems. It consists of two components, a Real-Time Multi-sensors Advanced Prototyping (RTMaps) that realizes data acquisition from different sources, and a network simulator (ns2) that simulates wireless packet transmission. We willassessthe impact ofcommunication in this new framework of ADAS by combining embedded sensors data (GPS-vision) and V2V simulations towards collision avoidance application. Multiple results from different scenarios are validated to prove the feasibility and the performance efficiency of real-time multi sensors. We assess the whole system under different traffic scenarios and different routing algorithms.
{"title":"Evaluating new prototyping framework based on combining embedded sensors data and ns2 simulations","authors":"N. Salameh, S. Mousset, A. Bensrhair","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060122","url":null,"abstract":"ADAS systems become increasingly integrated and provide more comprehensive driver support using information coming from surrounding environment and sensors for the modeling of the global environment. The evolution of technologies over the coming years will involve applications usingV2V and V2I communications. The optimization of these applications tosupport driving systems is not completed because the communications between vehicles are not well controlled. This paper aims at encouraging the cooperation between two software systems. An integrated framework for prototyping new communicating ”ADAS” systems is presented. This framework will achieve the communication and the data merging from different systems. It consists of two components, a Real-Time Multi-sensors Advanced Prototyping (RTMaps) that realizes data acquisition from different sources, and a network simulator (ns2) that simulates wireless packet transmission. We willassessthe impact ofcommunication in this new framework of ADAS by combining embedded sensors data (GPS-vision) and V2V simulations towards collision avoidance application. Multiple results from different scenarios are validated to prove the feasibility and the performance efficiency of real-time multi sensors. We assess the whole system under different traffic scenarios and different routing algorithms.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115767667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060080
J. F. Diederichs, Betina Weber, Melanie Ganzhorn
Bus Stops for school busses incorporate a special risk to school children. Most accidents on the way to school occur at or close to the school bus stops. Modern ITS telecommunication technology can be applied to make bus stops safer and inform car drivers about dangerous bus stops on their route. In order to raise the acceptance of speed limits at bus stops it can help to reliably inform the drivers if there are actually children close to the bus stop. When no children are using the bus stop the traffic can circulate without special precautions. Modern ITST technology can be used to detect the presence of school children. In a European funded project within FP7 framework the Amparo Solutions tag-based technology is used to detect nearby children who carry a radio transmitter. A bus stop unit receives this information and can activate special warnings to the surrounding traffic. In the current paper an empirical experimental study is described where 3 warning conditions have been compared in a driving simulator: a school bus stop sign, a school bus stop sign with flashing lights on top of it and a school bus stop sign in combination with an in-vehicle information design. The experimental design allows comparison of driver behavior at bus stops with and without children under the three different warning conditions. Dependent variables are: speed, lateral distance, reaction time to a child jumping on the street and the number of collisions. Overall 60 drivers participate to the driving simulator study. This number allows statistical evidence on the safety effects of different bus stop warnings. Results show that the two warning strategies are highly effective in terms of speed reduction in comparison to not providing any special warning about the children. The comparison of the two warning strategies (road sign with lightning and in-vehicle information) show no significant differences in driver behavior and very small effect sizes. In conclusion either system can be applied to reduce the speed when passing by bus stops with children, the number of collisions however could not be reduced significantly in this study.
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of ITST based school bus stop notifications for car drivers","authors":"J. F. Diederichs, Betina Weber, Melanie Ganzhorn","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060080","url":null,"abstract":"Bus Stops for school busses incorporate a special risk to school children. Most accidents on the way to school occur at or close to the school bus stops. Modern ITS telecommunication technology can be applied to make bus stops safer and inform car drivers about dangerous bus stops on their route. In order to raise the acceptance of speed limits at bus stops it can help to reliably inform the drivers if there are actually children close to the bus stop. When no children are using the bus stop the traffic can circulate without special precautions. Modern ITST technology can be used to detect the presence of school children. In a European funded project within FP7 framework the Amparo Solutions tag-based technology is used to detect nearby children who carry a radio transmitter. A bus stop unit receives this information and can activate special warnings to the surrounding traffic. In the current paper an empirical experimental study is described where 3 warning conditions have been compared in a driving simulator: a school bus stop sign, a school bus stop sign with flashing lights on top of it and a school bus stop sign in combination with an in-vehicle information design. The experimental design allows comparison of driver behavior at bus stops with and without children under the three different warning conditions. Dependent variables are: speed, lateral distance, reaction time to a child jumping on the street and the number of collisions. Overall 60 drivers participate to the driving simulator study. This number allows statistical evidence on the safety effects of different bus stop warnings. Results show that the two warning strategies are highly effective in terms of speed reduction in comparison to not providing any special warning about the children. The comparison of the two warning strategies (road sign with lightning and in-vehicle information) show no significant differences in driver behavior and very small effect sizes. In conclusion either system can be applied to reduce the speed when passing by bus stops with children, the number of collisions however could not be reduced significantly in this study.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122348466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060119
G. Kiokes, G. Economakos, A. Amditis, N. Uzunoglu
This paper provides a comprehensive investigation of the performance and practical implementation issues of two coding schemes, employing Turbo Codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, over vehicular ad-hoc networks based on IEEE 802.11p specifications. Using simulation authors present the results of an evaluation of system performance for the two different coding schemes. We concentrate our evaluation on two different environments AWGN and Non Line of Sight propagation environment (Rayleigh Fading). BER (Bit Error Rate) and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) values for QPSK modulation are examined and tested. The Forward Error Correction (FEC) system model in the transceiver with the two schemes has been implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) from Xilinx. At the end, a test-bed was developed using the Nallatech XtremeDsp Development Kit with a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA, for comparing simulation results with real time implementations.
{"title":"Performance analysis and complexity study of LDPC and turbo coding schemes for inter vehicle communications","authors":"G. Kiokes, G. Economakos, A. Amditis, N. Uzunoglu","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a comprehensive investigation of the performance and practical implementation issues of two coding schemes, employing Turbo Codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, over vehicular ad-hoc networks based on IEEE 802.11p specifications. Using simulation authors present the results of an evaluation of system performance for the two different coding schemes. We concentrate our evaluation on two different environments AWGN and Non Line of Sight propagation environment (Rayleigh Fading). BER (Bit Error Rate) and SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) values for QPSK modulation are examined and tested. The Forward Error Correction (FEC) system model in the transceiver with the two schemes has been implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) from Xilinx. At the end, a test-bed was developed using the Nallatech XtremeDsp Development Kit with a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA, for comparing simulation results with real time implementations.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124920571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060093
K. Hi-ri-o-tappa, S. Thajchayapong, W. Pattara-Atikom, S. Narupiti
This paper proposes a high accuracy algorithm to predict short-term traffic congestion in highway using patterns of microscopic traffic variable, including speed and its standard deviation from series of camera detectors installed at the location before observing point. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with a single camera detector. The result from simulation data shows the prediction accuracy of the proposed algorithm that utilizing data from series of detectors is twice that of single detector with zero false alarm rate. The proposed algorithm also performs well when applied to real-world data that show an increase of prediction accuracy by approximately fifty percent while achieve very low false alarm rate.
{"title":"Development of high accuracy congestion prediction algorithm using series of camera detectors","authors":"K. Hi-ri-o-tappa, S. Thajchayapong, W. Pattara-Atikom, S. Narupiti","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060093","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a high accuracy algorithm to predict short-term traffic congestion in highway using patterns of microscopic traffic variable, including speed and its standard deviation from series of camera detectors installed at the location before observing point. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with a single camera detector. The result from simulation data shows the prediction accuracy of the proposed algorithm that utilizing data from series of detectors is twice that of single detector with zero false alarm rate. The proposed algorithm also performs well when applied to real-world data that show an increase of prediction accuracy by approximately fifty percent while achieve very low false alarm rate.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125163383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060128
S. Gondor, A. Uzun, A. Kupper
As of today, components of radio access networks are operated in an always-on manner. Since network providers need to fulfill the traffic demands of all customers even during peak times to stay competitive, a significantly higher amount of network resources (i.e., bandwidth) is provided. By the end of 2010, Germany's mobile network providers operated more than 123.000 base stations which are available 24/7 — even when the provided resources are not required at this time. The total energy consumption of these base stations sums up to approx. 1455 GWh per year, inflicting not only high costs to the network operators, but also contributes to worldwide carbon dioxide emissions. Context data, which is already present in the different network entities can be utilized to model the state of radio networks allowing network providers to identify idle components. These components can then be reconfigured dynamically according to the actual demands on connectivity in the network. In this paper, we propose a Context Management Architecture, which is able to acquire and consolidate context from various components in radio access networks as well as additional external sources. The raw context data is sensed by special Context Collection Agents, which are installed on the devices the context data is originating from. It is then published to Context Managers, which provide functionality for storage, reasoning mechanisms, and provisioning of the context data. Context-aware applications (e.g., an application capable of optimizing the configuration of radio networks) can access the refined context via appropriate interfaces for further processing.
{"title":"Towards a dynamic adaption of capacity in mobile telephony networks using context information","authors":"S. Gondor, A. Uzun, A. Kupper","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060128","url":null,"abstract":"As of today, components of radio access networks are operated in an always-on manner. Since network providers need to fulfill the traffic demands of all customers even during peak times to stay competitive, a significantly higher amount of network resources (i.e., bandwidth) is provided. By the end of 2010, Germany's mobile network providers operated more than 123.000 base stations which are available 24/7 — even when the provided resources are not required at this time. The total energy consumption of these base stations sums up to approx. 1455 GWh per year, inflicting not only high costs to the network operators, but also contributes to worldwide carbon dioxide emissions. Context data, which is already present in the different network entities can be utilized to model the state of radio networks allowing network providers to identify idle components. These components can then be reconfigured dynamically according to the actual demands on connectivity in the network. In this paper, we propose a Context Management Architecture, which is able to acquire and consolidate context from various components in radio access networks as well as additional external sources. The raw context data is sensed by special Context Collection Agents, which are installed on the devices the context data is originating from. It is then published to Context Managers, which provide functionality for storage, reasoning mechanisms, and provisioning of the context data. Context-aware applications (e.g., an application capable of optimizing the configuration of radio networks) can access the refined context via appropriate interfaces for further processing.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127176083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060057
W. Vandenberghe, I. Moerman, P. Demeester
IEEE 802.11p hardware is hard to find. Previous research efforts often relied on project-specific prototype implementations which are characterized by a high cost and are not always available to the entire research community. Commercially available turnkey implementations are rare and quite expensive compared to commercial of-the-shelf (COTS) IEEE 802.11a/b/g hardware. However, the difference between the IEEE 802.11p amendment and the other IEEE 802.11 standards is quite small. It can be seen as a combination of the IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11e standards, with some specific adjustments. This paper presents how an approximation of the IEEE 802.11p standard can be implemented using COTS IEEE 802.11a hardware and some specific software adjustments. This way, vehicular test infrastructures can be established in a much more cost effective manner, and existing IEEE 802.11 wireless testbeds can be used to support VANET research.
{"title":"Approximation of the IEEE 802.11p standard using commercial off-the-shelf IEEE 802.11a hardware","authors":"W. Vandenberghe, I. Moerman, P. Demeester","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060057","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 802.11p hardware is hard to find. Previous research efforts often relied on project-specific prototype implementations which are characterized by a high cost and are not always available to the entire research community. Commercially available turnkey implementations are rare and quite expensive compared to commercial of-the-shelf (COTS) IEEE 802.11a/b/g hardware. However, the difference between the IEEE 802.11p amendment and the other IEEE 802.11 standards is quite small. It can be seen as a combination of the IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11e standards, with some specific adjustments. This paper presents how an approximation of the IEEE 802.11p standard can be implemented using COTS IEEE 802.11a hardware and some specific software adjustments. This way, vehicular test infrastructures can be established in a much more cost effective manner, and existing IEEE 802.11 wireless testbeds can be used to support VANET research.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125975953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060116
Dr.Irshad Ahmed Sumra, H. Hasbullah, J. Manan, M. Iftikhar, I. Ahmad, A. Alghamdi
Road accidents and traffic jams are common problems being the target of a lot of research works to be resolved in current traffic system. Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is commonly part of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) which is directly involved in handling these problems and aims to make journey on road comfortable. In this paper, vehicular SMS system (VSS) is proposed based on cellular network to provide VANET services to users through SMS system. It has the potential of being more cost effective solution as compared to VANET but needs further research to resolve its trust and privacy issues.
{"title":"A novel vehicular SMS system (VSS) approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS)","authors":"Dr.Irshad Ahmed Sumra, H. Hasbullah, J. Manan, M. Iftikhar, I. Ahmad, A. Alghamdi","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060116","url":null,"abstract":"Road accidents and traffic jams are common problems being the target of a lot of research works to be resolved in current traffic system. Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is commonly part of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) which is directly involved in handling these problems and aims to make journey on road comfortable. In this paper, vehicular SMS system (VSS) is proposed based on cellular network to provide VANET services to users through SMS system. It has the potential of being more cost effective solution as compared to VANET but needs further research to resolve its trust and privacy issues.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116702606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060083
Z. Alazawi, Saleh M. Altowaijri, Rashid Mehmood, Mohmmad B. Abdljabar
The importance of emergency response systems cannot be overemphasized today due to the many manmade and natural disasters in the recent years such as September 2001 and the recent Japan earthquake and tsunami disaster. The overall cost of the Japan disaster alone is estimated to have exceeded 300 billion USD. Transportation and telecommunications play a critical role in disaster response and management in order to minimize loss of human life, economic cost and disruptions. Our research is concerned with developing emergency response systems for disasters of various scales with a focus on transportation systems which exploit ICT developments. In this paper, we leverage Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) including VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks), mobile and Cloud computing technologies to propose an intelligent disaster management system. The system is intelligent because it is able to gather information from multiple sources and locations, including from the point of incident, and is able to make effective strategies and decisions, and propagate the information to vehicles and other nodes in real-time. The effectiveness of our system is demonstrated through modelling the impact of a disaster on a real city transport environment and comparing it with the case where our disaster management system was in place. We report great benefits derived from the adoption of our proposed system in terms of improved and balanced traffic flow and smooth evacuation.
{"title":"Intelligent disaster management system based on cloud-enabled vehicular networks","authors":"Z. Alazawi, Saleh M. Altowaijri, Rashid Mehmood, Mohmmad B. Abdljabar","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060083","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of emergency response systems cannot be overemphasized today due to the many manmade and natural disasters in the recent years such as September 2001 and the recent Japan earthquake and tsunami disaster. The overall cost of the Japan disaster alone is estimated to have exceeded 300 billion USD. Transportation and telecommunications play a critical role in disaster response and management in order to minimize loss of human life, economic cost and disruptions. Our research is concerned with developing emergency response systems for disasters of various scales with a focus on transportation systems which exploit ICT developments. In this paper, we leverage Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) including VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks), mobile and Cloud computing technologies to propose an intelligent disaster management system. The system is intelligent because it is able to gather information from multiple sources and locations, including from the point of incident, and is able to make effective strategies and decisions, and propagate the information to vehicles and other nodes in real-time. The effectiveness of our system is demonstrated through modelling the impact of a disaster on a real city transport environment and comparing it with the case where our disaster management system was in place. We report great benefits derived from the adoption of our proposed system in terms of improved and balanced traffic flow and smooth evacuation.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127795682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060055
D. Leihs
Low Emission Zones (LEZ) are the municipalities' response to the European Clean Air Directive, which obliges regional governments to take appropriate measures to not exceed certain thresholds for pollutants like particle matter (PM), NOX, etc Most LEZ are regulating the access for polluting cars, though the regulations are different and act differently in changing the driver's behavior. Mostly, the pollution class is subject to the regulation; mostly it aims at the particle matter emissions, sometimes the vehicle class is considered, sometimes both is combined. The access regulation is either a pure drive ban or a charge has to be paid. Drive bans are easy to implement as they are a variant of traffic law. In addition they work immediately as people are forced to change their habits immediately. Though, pure driving bans are disadvantageous for certain population groups like inactive households or small trade, starting a public debate about the appropriateness of the measure that overshadows environmental opinion making. Moreover, long transition phases and vast exemptions foil the emission targets. By collecting charges, people are not excluded from accessing the city and may adopt according to their individual capabilities and needs. The experience shows that emission targets and public acceptance are well achievable with charged low emission zones. Regarding greenhouse gas (GHG), the general public does not distinguish between pollutants that are threatening health and emissions that promote global warming — in the case of car use, both originate from the same process. Driving ban zones cannot be used as too many people would be excluded; The principle of charged zones though does not excluded from entering the city, but people are encouraged to change mobility behavior according to their capabilities, individual situation and needs. The recently published EC White Paper of Transport targets at a 50% drop of CO2 emissions from private cars in cities. So there is hardly an alternative to changing mobility behavior. Offering electric cars in the shop windows of car vendors is not enough. People need a stimulus to activate behavioral changes.
{"title":"Effects and potentials of LEZ in Europe: Do they really work?","authors":"D. Leihs","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060055","url":null,"abstract":"Low Emission Zones (LEZ) are the municipalities' response to the European Clean Air Directive, which obliges regional governments to take appropriate measures to not exceed certain thresholds for pollutants like particle matter (PM), NOX, etc Most LEZ are regulating the access for polluting cars, though the regulations are different and act differently in changing the driver's behavior. Mostly, the pollution class is subject to the regulation; mostly it aims at the particle matter emissions, sometimes the vehicle class is considered, sometimes both is combined. The access regulation is either a pure drive ban or a charge has to be paid. Drive bans are easy to implement as they are a variant of traffic law. In addition they work immediately as people are forced to change their habits immediately. Though, pure driving bans are disadvantageous for certain population groups like inactive households or small trade, starting a public debate about the appropriateness of the measure that overshadows environmental opinion making. Moreover, long transition phases and vast exemptions foil the emission targets. By collecting charges, people are not excluded from accessing the city and may adopt according to their individual capabilities and needs. The experience shows that emission targets and public acceptance are well achievable with charged low emission zones. Regarding greenhouse gas (GHG), the general public does not distinguish between pollutants that are threatening health and emissions that promote global warming — in the case of car use, both originate from the same process. Driving ban zones cannot be used as too many people would be excluded; The principle of charged zones though does not excluded from entering the city, but people are encouraged to change mobility behavior according to their capabilities, individual situation and needs. The recently published EC White Paper of Transport targets at a 50% drop of CO2 emissions from private cars in cities. So there is hardly an alternative to changing mobility behavior. Offering electric cars in the shop windows of car vendors is not enough. People need a stimulus to activate behavioral changes.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127822397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060054
Jianchu Kang, Tao Ma, F. Ma, Jian Huang
The tremendous growth of vehicles has led to severe problems for energy and the environment. More and more research work on eco driving has been made to devote the fuel efficient intelligent driving. This paper works on the eco routing, which is one of important aspects of eco driving, and which is to find some more eco-friendly routes for the driver in terms of minimum fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. The paper first abstracts six primary driving patterns from large amounts of real data which represent, respectively, the velocity, acceleration and engine stress of the vehicles driving on some links. And then, by associating the six driving patterns with some other properties of the links, like traffic congestion, etc., a link-based driving pattern classifier is established, which is applied to calculate and estimate the fuel emission characteristics for each relevant link. At the end of this paper, the effectiveness of the distance priority routes, time priority routes and eco routes are compared, the eco route one demonstrates its superiority.
{"title":"Link-based emission model for eco routing","authors":"Jianchu Kang, Tao Ma, F. Ma, Jian Huang","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060054","url":null,"abstract":"The tremendous growth of vehicles has led to severe problems for energy and the environment. More and more research work on eco driving has been made to devote the fuel efficient intelligent driving. This paper works on the eco routing, which is one of important aspects of eco driving, and which is to find some more eco-friendly routes for the driver in terms of minimum fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. The paper first abstracts six primary driving patterns from large amounts of real data which represent, respectively, the velocity, acceleration and engine stress of the vehicles driving on some links. And then, by associating the six driving patterns with some other properties of the links, like traffic congestion, etc., a link-based driving pattern classifier is established, which is applied to calculate and estimate the fuel emission characteristics for each relevant link. At the end of this paper, the effectiveness of the distance priority routes, time priority routes and eco routes are compared, the eco route one demonstrates its superiority.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133511822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：