The Mucorales is a group of ancient fungi with global distribution. In the current study we accessed mucoralean fungi isolated from two countries on opposite sides of the Earth and in different hemispheres: South Korea and Brazil. Mucorales isolates were obtained from freshwater, soil, invertebrates, and fruit seeds and identified using phenotypic techniques combined with the DNA sequence data. These analyses revealed 15 new species including one that we affiliated to a newly proposed genus, Neofennellomyces. Names proposed for these 15 new species are Absidia cheongyangensis, A. fluvii, A. kunryangriensis, A. paracylindrospora, A. tarda, A. variiprojecta, A. variispora, Backusella varians, Mucor albicolonia, M. aurantiacus, M. cryophilus, M. glutinatus, M. paraorantomantidis, M. timomeni, and Neofennellomyces jeongsukae. Of these new species, 12 were isolated from South Korea: A. cheongyangensis, A. fluvii, A. kunryangriensis, A. paracylindrospora, B. varians, M. albicolonia, M. aurantiacus, M. cryophilus, M. glutinatus, M. paraorantomantidis, M. timomeni, and N. jeongsukae, and three from Brazil: A. tarda, A. variiprojecta, and A. variispora. Niche specificity of these fungi is discussed including newly recorded invertebrate hosts and a new geographic distribution for species of Backusella, Circinella, Cunninghamella, and Mucor. Given these findings, we provide an inventory of Mucorales. Taxonomic novelties: New genus: Neofennellomyces Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen. New species: Absidia cheongyangensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Absidia fluvii Hyang B. Lee, A.L. Santiago, P.M. Kirk, K. Voigt & T.T.T. Nguyen, Absidia kunryangriensis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Absidia paracylindrospora Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Absidia tarda T.R.L. Cordeiro, Hyang B. Lee & A.L. Santiago, Absidia variiprojecta T.R.L. Cordeiro & A.L. Santiago, Absidia variispora T.R.L. Cordeiro & A.L. Santiago, Backusella varians Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Mucor aurantiacus Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Mucor cryophilus Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Mucor albicolonia Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Mucor glutinatus Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Mucor paraorantomantidis Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Mucor timomeni Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Neofennellomyces jeongsukae Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen. Citation: Nguyen TTT, de A. Santiago ALCM, Hallsworth JE, Cordeiro TRL, Voigt K, Kirk PM, Crous PW, Júnior MAM, Elsztein C, Lee HB (2024). New Mucorales from opposite ends of the world. Studies in Mycology 109: 273-321. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.109.04.
Cytospora species have commonly been reported as important plant pathogenic fungi with wide host ranges and geographic distributions. With the increase in the number of cryptic species being described, a comprehensive global taxonomic revision of the genus Cytospora is required. The present study includes 399 isolates from 32 countries. These isolates were subjected to DNA sequence analysis for five genomic loci (ITS, act1, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2). Based on these data, it could be confirmed that Cytospora, Leucostoma, Valsa, Valsella and Valseutypella are congeneric. Furthermore, 111 species of Cytospora could also be reassessed, 44 species and four combinations newly introduced, and new typifications proposed for a further three species. Three asexual morphological groups (including 13 asexual morphological types) and three sexual morphological groups (including eight sexual morphological types) were designated. The present study explored the species diversity of Cytospora and re-evaluated the identity of all cultures in the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (Utrecht, The Netherlands) that were deposited as either Cytospora or as one of its related genera. This is the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis thus far conducted on Cytospora and the results contribute to an increased understanding of the taxonomy of these important fungi. It is also hoped that the findings will lead to improved management strategies for diseases associated Cytospora species. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Cytospora acericola X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. adamsii Jami, Crous & M.J. Wingf., C. beijingensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. betulae Jami, Crous & M.J. Wingf., C. brabeji Jami, Crous & M.J. Wingf., C. castaneicola L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. cerebriformis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. conceptaculata L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. crataegina X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. deqinensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. diqingensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. eastringensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. elaeagnina L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. fraxinea X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. guyuanensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. jiufengensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. lauricola L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. lhasaensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. lijiangensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. lvxinensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. malvicolor X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. multiseriata L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. nanyangensis X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. polyspora X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, C. pseudochrysosperma L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. qinghaiensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. qingshuiensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. sanbaensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. shaanxiensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. shangrilaensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. sidaohensis L. Lin & X.L. Fan, C. sinensis L. Lin & X.L. F
The Lichinomycetes is an independent lichenized lineage within the Ascomycota comprising ca. 390 species and 50 genera. Very few studies have dealt with family and genus classification using molecular data and many groups are in need of thorough revision. Thus, we constructed a multilocus phylogeny (mtSSU, RPB2 and mcm7 gene regions) including 190 specimens of Lichinomycetes belonging to 126 species. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses were carried out to trace the evolution of selected characters. The current classification scheme of the Lichinomycetes based on morphological and anatomical characters is in great conflict with the phylogenetic relationships resulting from the present study. The results suggest substantial non-monophyly at the family and genus levels. A revised classification is proposed here and an overview of genera accepted in the Lichinomycetes is given. Ancestral Lichinomycetes are reconstructed as crustose with pycnoascocarps and octosporous asci. We used a combination of characters to delineate groups including the ascoma development and the type of asci. The revised classification includes 11 new genera, five resurrected genera, and 54 new combinations distributed in four families (three emended and one new). Three new species are also described. Taxonomic novelties: New family: Lichinellaceae M. Schultz & M. Prieto. New genera: Allopyrenis M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Gonotichia M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lapismalleus M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lingolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Paludolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Paracyphus M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Peltolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudocarpon M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudotichia M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pycnolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Tichocyphus M. Schultz & M. Prieto. New species: Paracyphus gotlandicus M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudocarpon persimile M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Tichocyphus gotlandicus M. Schultz & M. Prieto. New combinations: Allopyrenis grumulifera (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis haemaleella (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis impolita (Th. Fr.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis phaeococca (Tuck.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis reducta (Th. Fr.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis sanguinea (Anzi) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis tenuis (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis densisidiata (Aptroot et al.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis foederata (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis guyanensis (M. Schultz et al.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis palmana (J. Steiner) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis polycocca (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Forssellia canariensis (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Forssellia concordatu
The Fusarium lateritium species complex (FLSC) currently comprises 11 phylogenetic species, including accepted names such as F. lateritium, F. sarcochroum, and F. stilboides, which have mostly been reported in association with citrus and coffee. Many varieties were documented by Wollenweber & Reinking (1935), which is indicative of a wider diversity of species within this group. The lack of type material in some cases, especially for the older names, means that definition by molecular phylogeny is very difficult. In the present study, we examined 179 strains related to F. lateritium from different countries and substrates. Historic reference material, including representative strains from the Wollenweber & Reinking (1935) varieties were included in this study, DNA sequences were generated for comparison, and the morphology correlated with original descriptions to enable the correct application of older names. Strains were characterized by multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on fragments of the β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (CaM), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) genes, evaluation of morphological characters and host-substrate preferences. The biological species concept was tested by crossings in vitro. Strains previously identified as F. lateritium, F. stilboides, or one of their varieties based on morphology, were found to belong to 16 species in the FLSC, but also to species from six other species complexes (SC), including the F. citricola SC, F. heterosporum SC, F. incarnatum-equiseti SC, F. redolens SC, F. sambucinum SC, and the F. tricinctum SC. Eleven new phylogenetic and two biological species are described in the FLSC, and emended descriptions are provided for four previously described species. An epitype is designated for F. lateritium, and F. lateritium var. longum, a former variety within the FLSC, is lecto- and epitypified, and elevated to species level with a replacement name. Taxonomic novelties: New species: F. aurantii M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous, F. chlamydocopiosum M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous, F. citri-sinensis L. Zhao & J.X. Deng, F. coffeibaccae M.M. Costa, L.H. Pfenning, Sand.-Den. & Crous, F. crocatum M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous, F. malawiense M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous, F. microcyclum M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous, F. oliniae M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous; F. rufum M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous, F. stramineum M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous, F. velutinum M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous, F. verruculosum M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous; Replacement name: F. hanswilhelmii M.M. Costa, Sand.-Den. & Crous; Epitype (basionym): F. lateritium Nees, F. lateritium var. longum
More than 2 000 yeast strains isolated from 1 200 samples mostly collected from Tibet and Yunnan provinces in China were identified as 462 species according to the internal transcribed spacer including the 5.8S rDNA (ITS) and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rDNA (LSU) sequence analyses. Among them, 70 new basidiomycetous yeast species were proposed based on the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses including the D1/D2 domains, the ITS, the small subunit rDNA (SSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), as well as the phenotypic comparisons. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis with the genomic metric was also used in the evaluation of the species delimitation for the genera Holtermannia, Mrakia and Takashimella that contain closely related species with low sequence heterogeneity in both ITS and D1/D2 regions. Forty-six new species belonged to 16 genera in the Agaricomycotina, 13 new species occurred in 12 genera in the Pucciniomycotina, three new species were distributed in three genera in the Ustilaginomycotina, and eight new species were classified in seven newly established genera. One new family was also proposed based on one of these new genera. The analyses revealed several inaccurate species names attributed to genomes deposited in GenBank, indicating the necessity of a more rigorous quality checks of the genomes deposited in the public databases. Taxonomic novelties: New family: Vankyiozymaceae Q.-M. Wang; New genera: Baiomyces Q.-M. Wang, Bauerozyma Q.-M. Wang, Fengyania Q.-M. Wang, Foliozyma Q.-M. Wang, Litoriozyma Q.-M. Wang, Nakaseozyma Q.-M. Wang, Vankyiozyma Q.-M. Wang; New species: Baiomyces sejilaensis Q.-M. Wang, Bauerozyma artemisiae Q.-M. Wang, Boekhoutia foliicola Q.-M. Wang, Buckleyzyma pseudoaurantiaca Q.-M. Wang, Carlosrosaea betulae Q.-M. Wang, Carlosrosaea rhododendri Q.-M. Wang, Carlosrosaea yunnanensis Q.-M. Wang, Chrysozyma quercicola Q.-M. Wang, Curvibasidium pini Q.-M. Wang, Cystobasidium cunninghamiae Q.-M. Wang, Derxomyces foliicola Q.-M. Wang, Derxomyces motuoensis Q.-M. Wang, Derxomyces orientalis Q.-M. Wang, Derxomyces paracylindricus Q.-M. Wang, Exobasidium lijiangense Q.-M. Wang, Fengyania pteridophytorum Q.-M. Wang, Foliozyma liliicola Q.-M. Wang, Halobasidium phyllophilum Q.-M. Wang, Hannaella artemisiae Q.-M. Wang, Hannaella pteridophytorum Q.-M. Wang, Hannaella urticae Q.-M. Wang, Holtermannia pseudosaccardoi Q.-M. Wang, Kockovaella cariosiligni Q.-M. Wang, Kockovaella foliicola Q.-M. Wang, Kondoa tibetensis Q.-M. Wang, Kwoniella hippophaes Q.-M. Wang, Kwonie

