Elham Bakhshizade, Ali Shokuhfar, Ashkan Zolriasatein, Mehdi Khodaei
Aluminum‐graphite composites find extensive applications in diverse industries, including automotive and aerospace sectors. However, the fabrication of these composites faces a significant challenge due to poor wettability and weak interfacial bonding between graphite and aluminum. This work aims to modify the graphite particles to improve the characteristics of aluminum. In this study, treated graphite (TG) was synthesized using a facile method for the first time. Graphite (G) was mixed with acetone and stirred with a mechanical stirrer at 2000 rpm for 1 h, followed by drying in an electric oven at 80°C for 1 h. Mechanical milling and subsequent hot pressing were employed to manufacture composites with 1, 3, and 5 wt.% of G and TG. The results demonstrated that the addition of G and TG up to 5 wt.% substantially improved the wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF). However, it also resulted in a deterioration of the mechanical properties of aluminum. The TG‐reinforced composites exhibited enhanced mechanical and tribological properties owing to the stronger bonds formed between carbon and aluminum atoms. Notably, the composite with 5‐wt.% G and TG exhibited an 80% and 58% lower COF compared with unreinforced aluminum. Composites containing 1‐wt.% G and TG showed an 11% and 1% reduction in yield strength, respectively. Consequently, the investigated graphite treatment proves to be an effective method for modifying the interfacial bonding and enhancing the comprehensive properties of aluminum. This treatment offers a simple and cost‐effective approach to improve the tribological and mechanical characteristics of aluminum matrix composites.
{"title":"A facile treatment of graphite as a reinforcement for Al‐based nanostructured composite","authors":"Elham Bakhshizade, Ali Shokuhfar, Ashkan Zolriasatein, Mehdi Khodaei","doi":"10.1002/sia.7322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7322","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum‐graphite composites find extensive applications in diverse industries, including automotive and aerospace sectors. However, the fabrication of these composites faces a significant challenge due to poor wettability and weak interfacial bonding between graphite and aluminum. This work aims to modify the graphite particles to improve the characteristics of aluminum. In this study, treated graphite (TG) was synthesized using a facile method for the first time. Graphite (G) was mixed with acetone and stirred with a mechanical stirrer at 2000 rpm for 1 h, followed by drying in an electric oven at 80°C for 1 h. Mechanical milling and subsequent hot pressing were employed to manufacture composites with 1, 3, and 5 wt.% of G and TG. The results demonstrated that the addition of G and TG up to 5 wt.% substantially improved the wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF). However, it also resulted in a deterioration of the mechanical properties of aluminum. The TG‐reinforced composites exhibited enhanced mechanical and tribological properties owing to the stronger bonds formed between carbon and aluminum atoms. Notably, the composite with 5‐wt.% G and TG exhibited an 80% and 58% lower COF compared with unreinforced aluminum. Composites containing 1‐wt.% G and TG showed an 11% and 1% reduction in yield strength, respectively. Consequently, the investigated graphite treatment proves to be an effective method for modifying the interfacial bonding and enhancing the comprehensive properties of aluminum. This treatment offers a simple and cost‐effective approach to improve the tribological and mechanical characteristics of aluminum matrix composites.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current study presents a novel hybrid approach combining finite element modeling and density functional theory calculations to investigate the mechanical properties of monolayer puckered arsenene. The multiscale analysis in this study leverages finite element analysis as a distinctive approach, complementing the nano‐scale capabilities of density functional theory and molecular dynamics by overcoming limitations faced by these two methods in representing complex scenarios. Furthermore, finite element analysis demonstrates computational efficiency for larger structures, making it suitable for systems where atomistic simulations may be impractical. This hybrid methodology offers a unique framework for accurately predicting key properties, including elastic modulus and buckling force, by synergistically integrating the strengths of both computational techniques. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in accurately capturing material behavior, our findings shed light on fundamental aspects of nanoscale mechanics, with implications for various applications in nanotechnology, materials science, and structural engineering. By providing a deeper understanding of the mechanical response of 2D materials, our research contributes to advancing the field of nanoscale materials engineering and informs the design of innovative nanostructures with tailored mechanical properties.
{"title":"Innovative modeling of monolayer puckered arsenene: Bridging quantum mechanics and finite element analysis","authors":"Peyman Aghdasi, Shayesteh Yousefi, Reza Ansari","doi":"10.1002/sia.7319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7319","url":null,"abstract":"Current study presents a novel hybrid approach combining finite element modeling and density functional theory calculations to investigate the mechanical properties of monolayer puckered arsenene. The multiscale analysis in this study leverages finite element analysis as a distinctive approach, complementing the nano‐scale capabilities of density functional theory and molecular dynamics by overcoming limitations faced by these two methods in representing complex scenarios. Furthermore, finite element analysis demonstrates computational efficiency for larger structures, making it suitable for systems where atomistic simulations may be impractical. This hybrid methodology offers a unique framework for accurately predicting key properties, including elastic modulus and buckling force, by synergistically integrating the strengths of both computational techniques. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach in accurately capturing material behavior, our findings shed light on fundamental aspects of nanoscale mechanics, with implications for various applications in nanotechnology, materials science, and structural engineering. By providing a deeper understanding of the mechanical response of 2D materials, our research contributes to advancing the field of nanoscale materials engineering and informs the design of innovative nanostructures with tailored mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lars P. H. Jeurgens, Claudia Cancellieri, Andreas Borgschulte, John F. Watts
{"title":"Advancements and challenges of HAXPES for materials sciences and technologies","authors":"Lars P. H. Jeurgens, Claudia Cancellieri, Andreas Borgschulte, John F. Watts","doi":"10.1002/sia.7318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The selective flotation separation of gypsum and quartz in phosphogypsum (PG) is an urgent problem that is very important for the high‐value utilization of PG. In the work, dodecyl amine hydrochloride (DH) was introduced as a collector for the selective flotation separation of gypsum and quartz. The flotation property and selective mechanism of DH on the surface of gypsum and quartz were researched by single mineral flotation experiments, Fourier transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy analyzer, zeta potential analyzer, X‐ray photoelectron spectrum, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, etc. Additionally, H+ was introduced into the mineral‐water system simulated by MD to take into account the effect of acidic conditions on the adsorption of DH. The pre‐adsorption of H+ on the quartz surface under strongly acidic conditions hindered the electrostatic force adsorption of DH on the quartz surface. Furthermore, DH was adopted as a collector in the direct flotation recovery of gypsum from PG, and the gypsum concentrates with productivity of 69.85%, CaSO4·2H2O content of 96.33%, and whiteness of 55.00% were obtained. The SiO2 content in the gypsum concentrate decreased from 9.08% to 0.616%. It suggested that DH could serve as a promising collector in the selective separation of gypsum and quartz in PG via flotation.
{"title":"Selective flotation separation of gypsum and quartz using dodecyl amine hydrochloride as collector: Mechanism and application","authors":"Mengyao Qi, Weijun Peng, Wei Wang, Yijun Cao, Guixia Fan, Yukun Huang","doi":"10.1002/sia.7320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7320","url":null,"abstract":"The selective flotation separation of gypsum and quartz in phosphogypsum (PG) is an urgent problem that is very important for the high‐value utilization of PG. In the work, dodecyl amine hydrochloride (DH) was introduced as a collector for the selective flotation separation of gypsum and quartz. The flotation property and selective mechanism of DH on the surface of gypsum and quartz were researched by single mineral flotation experiments, Fourier transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy analyzer, zeta potential analyzer, X‐ray photoelectron spectrum, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, etc. Additionally, H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> was introduced into the mineral‐water system simulated by MD to take into account the effect of acidic conditions on the adsorption of DH. The pre‐adsorption of H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> on the quartz surface under strongly acidic conditions hindered the electrostatic force adsorption of DH on the quartz surface. Furthermore, DH was adopted as a collector in the direct flotation recovery of gypsum from PG, and the gypsum concentrates with productivity of 69.85%, CaSO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>·2H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O content of 96.33%, and whiteness of 55.00% were obtained. The SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> content in the gypsum concentrate decreased from 9.08% to 0.616%. It suggested that DH could serve as a promising collector in the selective separation of gypsum and quartz in PG via flotation.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface plasmon resonance‐based fiber optic sensors with Ag‐SnO2 and Ag‐ZnS bi‐layers are proposed experimentally and compared in detail in terms of sensitivity. Effect of SnO2 and ZnS layer thicknesses on the sensitivity is examined. Largest sensitivities are achieved by sensors with 40 nm Ag‐10 nm SnO2 layers and 40 nm Ag‐10 nm ZnS layers. Sensor with 40 nm Ag‐10 nm SnO2 layers is found to demonstrate better sensitivity than that with 40 nm Ag‐10 nm ZnS layers.
{"title":"Surface plasmon resonance‐based fiber optic sensor utilizing tin oxide and zinc sulfide: An experimental analysis","authors":"Vicky Kapoor, Navneet K. Sharma","doi":"10.1002/sia.7317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7317","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmon resonance‐based fiber optic sensors with Ag‐SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and Ag‐ZnS bi‐layers are proposed experimentally and compared in detail in terms of sensitivity. Effect of SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and ZnS layer thicknesses on the sensitivity is examined. Largest sensitivities are achieved by sensors with 40 nm Ag‐10 nm SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> layers and 40 nm Ag‐10 nm ZnS layers. Sensor with 40 nm Ag‐10 nm SnO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> layers is found to demonstrate better sensitivity than that with 40 nm Ag‐10 nm ZnS layers.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The poor dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and weak interfacial adhesion of fabric and resin matrix seriously affect the tribological performance of fabric‐reinforcement resin composites. Tannic acid (TA), a plant‐derived compound, which is similar to mussel‐inspired polydopamine, can adhere to various substrates under a weak basic buffer solution. Therefore, in this work, TA‐modified MWCNTs were incorporated into TA functionalized fabric composite to improve the tribological performance of the fabric composite. The results indicate that the MWCNTs and fabric were successfully modified with TA. The wear tests revealed that the TA‐MWCNTs reinforcement TA‐fabric resin composites exhibited the best tribological performance, in which the friction coefficient and volume wear rate decreased by 16.9% and 40%, respectively, compared with pristine fabric composite. The favorable interfacial bonding between fabric and resin is beneficial to the friction force transfer to the load‐bearing fabric, decreasing the stress focus and thus reducing the damage to composite materials. Meanwhile, the good dispersion of MWCNTs contributes to the excellent lubrication performance. This simple and eco‐friendly method of treating fillers with TA provides a new approach to achieve high‐performance tribological materials.
多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）分散性差，织物与树脂基体的界面粘附性弱，严重影响了织物增强树脂复合材料的摩擦学性能。单宁酸（TA）是一种植物源化合物，类似于贻贝启发的多巴胺，在弱碱性缓冲溶液下可粘附在各种基材上。因此，在这项工作中，将 TA 改性的 MWCNT 加入 TA 功能化织物复合材料中，以改善织物复合材料的摩擦学性能。结果表明，TA 成功改性了 MWCNTs 和织物。磨损试验表明，TA-MWCNTs 增强 TA 树脂织物复合材料的摩擦学性能最好，与原始织物复合材料相比，摩擦系数和体积磨损率分别降低了 16.9% 和 40%。织物与树脂之间良好的界面结合有利于摩擦力传递到承载织物上，减少应力集中，从而降低对复合材料的损伤。同时，MWCNTs 的良好分散性也有助于实现优异的润滑性能。这种用 TA 处理填料的方法既简单又环保，为实现高性能摩擦学材料提供了一种新方法。
{"title":"The enhanced tribological performance of fabric‐reinforced resin composites by biomimetic surface modification of fillers","authors":"Fengxiang Cao, Zhen Fang, Zhuhui Qiao","doi":"10.1002/sia.7310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7310","url":null,"abstract":"The poor dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and weak interfacial adhesion of fabric and resin matrix seriously affect the tribological performance of fabric‐reinforcement resin composites. Tannic acid (TA), a plant‐derived compound, which is similar to mussel‐inspired polydopamine, can adhere to various substrates under a weak basic buffer solution. Therefore, in this work, TA‐modified MWCNTs were incorporated into TA functionalized fabric composite to improve the tribological performance of the fabric composite. The results indicate that the MWCNTs and fabric were successfully modified with TA. The wear tests revealed that the TA‐MWCNTs reinforcement TA‐fabric resin composites exhibited the best tribological performance, in which the friction coefficient and volume wear rate decreased by 16.9% and 40%, respectively, compared with pristine fabric composite. The favorable interfacial bonding between fabric and resin is beneficial to the friction force transfer to the load‐bearing fabric, decreasing the stress focus and thus reducing the damage to composite materials. Meanwhile, the good dispersion of MWCNTs contributes to the excellent lubrication performance. This simple and eco‐friendly method of treating fillers with TA provides a new approach to achieve high‐performance tribological materials.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern society's keen regard for aesthetics made hair products an integral part of a multi‐billion‐dollar cosmetic industry. Hair care products (e.g., shampoos and conditioners) and chemical treatments (e.g., bleaching and permanent waving) result in various effects on the morphological attributes of hair. Generally, water adsorbed on the hair surface is known to significantly dictate the hair's mechanical characteristics (smoothness and friction), and hair's macroscopic wettability has been commonly used to indicate its surface properties. However, an approach to selectively characterize the hydration water in the hair surface is required to accurately understand the intermolecular events between the hair and its vicinal water. In this paper, we successfully obtained the infrared (IR) absorption spectra of the hydration water of human hair. We employed the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least square (MCR‐ALS) method to separate the hydration and bulk water spectra from the whole spectra. Comparing the IR spectra of the hydration water of chemically untreated and bleached hair samples, we conclude that water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds with the bleached hair surface due to the destruction of the hair's hydrophobic outer layer and the consequent formation of hydrophilic residues.
{"title":"Analysis of the hydration water on the surface of human hair using a combination of infrared absorption vibrational spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution","authors":"Shunta Chikami, Shoichi Maeda, Glenn Villena Latag, Riko Kaizu, Noriyuki Tanji, Mikako Ezure, Shinobu Nagase, Tomohiro Hayashi","doi":"10.1002/sia.7316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7316","url":null,"abstract":"Modern society's keen regard for aesthetics made hair products an integral part of a multi‐billion‐dollar cosmetic industry. Hair care products (e.g., shampoos and conditioners) and chemical treatments (e.g., bleaching and permanent waving) result in various effects on the morphological attributes of hair. Generally, water adsorbed on the hair surface is known to significantly dictate the hair's mechanical characteristics (smoothness and friction), and hair's macroscopic wettability has been commonly used to indicate its surface properties. However, an approach to selectively characterize the hydration water in the hair surface is required to accurately understand the intermolecular events between the hair and its vicinal water. In this paper, we successfully obtained the infrared (IR) absorption spectra of the hydration water of human hair. We employed the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least square (MCR‐ALS) method to separate the hydration and bulk water spectra from the whole spectra. Comparing the IR spectra of the hydration water of chemically untreated and bleached hair samples, we conclude that water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds with the bleached hair surface due to the destruction of the hair's hydrophobic outer layer and the consequent formation of hydrophilic residues.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulsed anodization of a nearly equiatomic NiTi alloy in HNO3 leads to the formation of a nearly Ni‐free oxide layer, resulting in the suppression of Ni‐ion release from the alloy surface. The core technology involves introduction of a lower‐voltage period, which promostes chemical reactions between the alloy and electrolyte, to obtain a surface layer with better corrosion protection. In this study, a higher voltage of 3.5 V was applied, and the lower voltage was varied within 0–3.5 V. As the lower voltage was increased, nanometer‐sized pores present on the anodized surface gradually expanded, while the layer thickness decreased. Although the corrosion protectivity of the layer did not change significantly during the electrochemical experiments, the amount of Ni‐ion released into the physiological solution significantly decreased when the voltage was below 1.8 V. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of Ni (OH)2 on the topmost surface, and its concentration decreased at a voltage <1.8 V. Lower voltages affected the concentration of Ni (OH)2 on the topmost surface and thus considerably influenced the Ni‐ion release behavior. These findings will contribute to the production of NiTi alloys with improved biocompatibility.
在 HNO3 中对接近等原子的镍钛合金进行脉冲阳极氧化，可形成几乎不含镍的氧化层，从而抑制镍离子从合金表面释放。核心技术包括引入较低的电压期，促进合金与电解质之间的化学反应，以获得具有更好腐蚀保护性能的表面层。在这项研究中，施加了 3.5 V 的较高电压，低电压在 0-3.5 V 范围内变化。随着低电压的升高，阳极氧化表面上的纳米级孔隙逐渐扩大，而层厚度则逐渐减小。X 射线光电子能谱分析表明，最顶层表面存在 Ni (OH)2，其浓度在电压为 1.8 V 时有所下降。较低的电压会影响最顶层表面的镍（OH）2 浓度，从而大大影响镍离子的释放行为。这些发现将有助于生产具有更好生物相容性的镍钛合金。
{"title":"Characteristic variations in a pulsed‐anodized NiTi alloy surface by the lower voltage setting","authors":"Ryota Kawakami, Yuya Matsui, Akihiro Tsuruta, Masatoshi Sakairi, Naofumi Ohtsu","doi":"10.1002/sia.7315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7315","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed anodization of a nearly equiatomic NiTi alloy in HNO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> leads to the formation of a nearly Ni‐free oxide layer, resulting in the suppression of Ni‐ion release from the alloy surface. The core technology involves introduction of a lower‐voltage period, which promostes chemical reactions between the alloy and electrolyte, to obtain a surface layer with better corrosion protection. In this study, a higher voltage of 3.5 V was applied, and the lower voltage was varied within 0–3.5 V. As the lower voltage was increased, nanometer‐sized pores present on the anodized surface gradually expanded, while the layer thickness decreased. Although the corrosion protectivity of the layer did not change significantly during the electrochemical experiments, the amount of Ni‐ion released into the physiological solution significantly decreased when the voltage was below 1.8 V. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of Ni (OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> on the topmost surface, and its concentration decreased at a voltage <1.8 V. Lower voltages affected the concentration of Ni (OH)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> on the topmost surface and thus considerably influenced the Ni‐ion release behavior. These findings will contribute to the production of NiTi alloys with improved biocompatibility.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The topological and morphological changes of the (001) surface of single‐crystal (La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3 during treatment with high‐purity deionized water (DI) have been investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Etching by DI treatment at room temperature proceeded mainly in anisotropic etching mode, resulting in rectangular etch pits with {001} inner surfaces forming in the surface. The dominant etching mode changed from anisotropic to isotropic with increasing DI‐treatment temperature, and the lowest surface roughness occurred for DI treatment at 50°C for 60 min. Direct observation of the atomic structure of the surface by STEM showed that the etched surface was the B‐site‐terminated (001) surface after anisotropic etching at 50°C for 60 min, in which the B‐site‐terminated atomic layer was found to maintain the B‐site ordered structure existing in the crystal. This is because DI treatment, which does not require high‐temperature heat treatment of the substrate, suppresses element diffusion, sublimation, and formation of point defects on and in the vicinity of the surface.
原子力显微镜和扫描透射电子显微镜（STEM）研究了用高纯度去离子水（DI）处理单晶（La0.3Sr0.7）(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3 时其（001）表面的拓扑和形态变化。室温下用去离子水处理的蚀刻主要以各向异性蚀刻模式进行，在表面形成了内表面为{001}的矩形蚀刻坑。随着 DI 处理温度的升高，主要的蚀刻模式从各向异性转变为各向同性，50°C 60 分钟 DI 处理的表面粗糙度最低。STEM 对表面原子结构的直接观察表明，在 50°C 60 分钟各向异性刻蚀后，刻蚀表面为 B 位端（001）表面，其中 B 位端原子层保持了晶体中存在的 B 位有序结构。这是因为 DI 处理无需对基底进行高温热处理，可抑制表面及其附近的元素扩散、升华和点缺陷的形成。
{"title":"Topographical and morphological changes of the single‐crystal (La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3 (001) surface treated with high‐purity deionized water","authors":"Yoshinori Tokuda, Naoki Nishikawa, Takeshi Irimoto, Yutaro Katsuyama, Shunsuke Kobayashi, T. Tokunaga, Takahisa Yamamoto","doi":"10.1002/sia.7313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7313","url":null,"abstract":"The topological and morphological changes of the (001) surface of single‐crystal (La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3 during treatment with high‐purity deionized water (DI) have been investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Etching by DI treatment at room temperature proceeded mainly in anisotropic etching mode, resulting in rectangular etch pits with {001} inner surfaces forming in the surface. The dominant etching mode changed from anisotropic to isotropic with increasing DI‐treatment temperature, and the lowest surface roughness occurred for DI treatment at 50°C for 60 min. Direct observation of the atomic structure of the surface by STEM showed that the etched surface was the B‐site‐terminated (001) surface after anisotropic etching at 50°C for 60 min, in which the B‐site‐terminated atomic layer was found to maintain the B‐site ordered structure existing in the crystal. This is because DI treatment, which does not require high‐temperature heat treatment of the substrate, suppresses element diffusion, sublimation, and formation of point defects on and in the vicinity of the surface.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, boronitrogenated methyl epoxyoleate (BNMEO) was prepared by boronization and nitrogenation of methyl epoxyoleate (MEO). The tribological properties of BNMEO and MEO as bio‐based lubricating additives in a petroleum oil were determined on a four‐ball tribometer. The topographies, element compositions, and tribochemical species of the worn surfaces were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer, and an X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope, respectively. Results showed that both BNMEO and MEO, especially the former, were excellent in fortifying load‐carrying capacities and friction‐reducing and antiwear abilities of the oil under mild loads. However, their abilities in improving extreme pressure property of the oil under severe loads were very limited. The prominent ability of BNMEO in reducing friction and wear was characterized by well‐increased maximum nonseizure loads and decreased wear scar diameters and friction coefficients and was attributed to generation of a dense and robust boundary lubrication film which consisted of a matrix of BNMEO with inclusions of aminic compounds, boron oxide, iron oxide, and hydrocarbons, thanks to strong adsorptions and tribo‐oxidations of BNMEO on the metallic surfaces in the tribological processes.
在这项研究中，通过对环氧油酸甲酯（MEO）进行硼化和氮化，制备了硼氮化环氧油酸甲酯（BNMEO）。在四球摩擦仪上测定了 BNMEO 和 MEO 作为生物基润滑添加剂在石油中的摩擦学特性。分别用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱仪和 X 射线光电子能谱仪分析了磨损表面的形貌、元素组成和摩擦化学物质。结果表明，BNMEO 和 MEO（尤其是前者）都能很好地增强机油在轻度负荷下的承载能力和减摩抗磨能力。但是，它们在改善严重负荷下机油的极压性能方面的能力非常有限。BNMEO 在减少摩擦和磨损方面的突出能力表现为最大无冲击载荷大大增加，磨损痕直径和摩擦系数减小，这归功于在摩擦过程中 BNMEO 在金属表面的强烈吸附和三氧化反应生成了一层致密而坚固的边界润滑膜，该膜由 BNMEO 基体和氨基化合物、氧化硼、氧化铁和碳氢化合物的夹杂物组成。
{"title":"Tribological characteristics and mechanisms of boronitrogenated methyl epoxyoleate as bio‐based additive in petroleum lubricant","authors":"Chengli Tang, Chunyu Song, Siwei Jiang, M. Liao, Fangfang Jie, Boshui Chen","doi":"10.1002/sia.7314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7314","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, boronitrogenated methyl epoxyoleate (BNMEO) was prepared by boronization and nitrogenation of methyl epoxyoleate (MEO). The tribological properties of BNMEO and MEO as bio‐based lubricating additives in a petroleum oil were determined on a four‐ball tribometer. The topographies, element compositions, and tribochemical species of the worn surfaces were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer, and an X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope, respectively. Results showed that both BNMEO and MEO, especially the former, were excellent in fortifying load‐carrying capacities and friction‐reducing and antiwear abilities of the oil under mild loads. However, their abilities in improving extreme pressure property of the oil under severe loads were very limited. The prominent ability of BNMEO in reducing friction and wear was characterized by well‐increased maximum nonseizure loads and decreased wear scar diameters and friction coefficients and was attributed to generation of a dense and robust boundary lubrication film which consisted of a matrix of BNMEO with inclusions of aminic compounds, boron oxide, iron oxide, and hydrocarbons, thanks to strong adsorptions and tribo‐oxidations of BNMEO on the metallic surfaces in the tribological processes.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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