Over the last fifty years, a number of higher energy X‐ray sources have been suggested as alternatives for the usual AlKα source found in the first commercial XPS systems and still the standard anode material for XPS today. This paper reviews the development of a number of such sources, predominantly in the authors' laboratory, and the rationale behind the desire to extend the binding energy range of the technique. The achromatic sources SiKα, ZrLα and TiKα are described along with monochromatic sources AgLα and CrKβ, both based on the standard quartz monochromator geometry but taking higher orders of diffraction. The driving force for much of this development was the desire to probe deeper core levels and CCC Auger transitions. These could be combined into initial or final state Auger parameters as described in much of the work cited in this review. The highest energy source considered is the CuKα source based around an external X‐ray tube, which provides much insight into the electronic structure of steels by measurement of the Fe1s and FeKLL peaks. The last decade or so has seen a significant increase of interest in HAXPES, and all manufacturers of turn‐key XPS instruments offer HAXPES options of one form or another, there are three dedicated HAXPES systems commercially available, which are very briefly described.
{"title":"The development of laboratory‐based high energy sources for XPS","authors":"John F. Watts, James E. Castle","doi":"10.1002/sia.7300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7300","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last fifty years, a number of higher energy X‐ray sources have been suggested as alternatives for the usual AlKα source found in the first commercial XPS systems and still the standard anode material for XPS today. This paper reviews the development of a number of such sources, predominantly in the authors' laboratory, and the rationale behind the desire to extend the binding energy range of the technique. The achromatic sources SiKα, ZrLα and TiKα are described along with monochromatic sources AgLα and CrKβ, both based on the standard quartz monochromator geometry but taking higher orders of diffraction. The driving force for much of this development was the desire to probe deeper core levels and CCC Auger transitions. These could be combined into initial or final state Auger parameters as described in much of the work cited in this review. The highest energy source considered is the CuKα source based around an external X‐ray tube, which provides much insight into the electronic structure of steels by measurement of the Fe1s and Fe<jats:italic>KLL</jats:italic> peaks. The last decade or so has seen a significant increase of interest in HAXPES, and all manufacturers of turn‐key XPS instruments offer HAXPES options of one form or another, there are three dedicated HAXPES systems commercially available, which are very briefly described.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palladium–platinum alloys were analysed by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to investigate grain orientation effects that gave differences of up to 400% in the Pt/Pd count rate ratios, even within the same grain upon small rotations of a Pd sample with 1 wt% Pt. The sample had been homogenized by annealing, and the homogeneity was confirmed by X‐ray analysis in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grain orientations were determined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Crater depths were measured by white light interferometry (WLI). SEM images from the bottom of SIMS craters made in the same grain after small rotations around the sample surface normally showed different patterns of microfaceting for some rotation angles, probably exposing low‐index crystallographic planes. A complete understanding of the observed grain orientation effect is still lacking. However, factors such as ion mass, sputter rate, ion channelling, ion focusing, preferential sputtering, surface height, crater microfaceting and/or angle‐dependent sputtering seem to play a role. For these Pd–Pt alloys, the strong grain orientation effect adds another level of complexity when attempting to quantify concentrations and obtain depth profiles by SIMS. Without proper sampling and/or averaging, one could reach very wrong conclusions when comparing results from different samples.
{"title":"Challenges in quantifying Pt concentrations in Pd alloys by using secondary ion mass spectrometry: Strong grain orientation effects","authors":"Børge Holme, Silje Fosse Håkonsen, David Waller","doi":"10.1002/sia.7302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7302","url":null,"abstract":"Palladium–platinum alloys were analysed by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to investigate grain orientation effects that gave differences of up to 400% in the Pt/Pd count rate ratios, even within the same grain upon small rotations of a Pd sample with 1 wt% Pt. The sample had been homogenized by annealing, and the homogeneity was confirmed by X‐ray analysis in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grain orientations were determined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Crater depths were measured by white light interferometry (WLI). SEM images from the bottom of SIMS craters made in the same grain after small rotations around the sample surface normally showed different patterns of microfaceting for some rotation angles, probably exposing low‐index crystallographic planes. A complete understanding of the observed grain orientation effect is still lacking. However, factors such as ion mass, sputter rate, ion channelling, ion focusing, preferential sputtering, surface height, crater microfaceting and/or angle‐dependent sputtering seem to play a role. For these Pd–Pt alloys, the strong grain orientation effect adds another level of complexity when attempting to quantify concentrations and obtain depth profiles by SIMS. Without proper sampling and/or averaging, one could reach very wrong conclusions when comparing results from different samples.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Functionalized nano-SiO2 is an inorganic compound that exhibits hydrophobic properties upon the addition of a silane group through a chemical reaction. This property is highly effective in surface modification for various substrates, including glass, metal, and ceramics. These surface modifications find applications in self-cleaning, anti-fogging coatings, and water-repellent materials. In this work, the role of nano-SiO2 and Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) functionalized nano-SiO2 has been synthesized successfully by the sol–gel method for coating applications. The outcomes of water contact angle (WCA), analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations revealed the successful grafting of hydrophobic long-chain alkyl groups from HDTMS onto the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles. Notably, when the ratio of SiO2 nanoparticles to HDTMS is 0.25:1, the WCA of the functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles is enhanced significantly. This value is 5.35 times greater than the initial angle of contact before the modification, leading to the achievement of a super hydrophobic property.
{"title":"A study on functionalization process of silicon dioxide nanoparticles for hydrophobic coating applications","authors":"Avinash Kumar, Sushant Negi, Simanchal Kar","doi":"10.1002/sia.7305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7305","url":null,"abstract":"Functionalized nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> is an inorganic compound that exhibits hydrophobic properties upon the addition of a silane group through a chemical reaction. This property is highly effective in surface modification for various substrates, including glass, metal, and ceramics. These surface modifications find applications in self-cleaning, anti-fogging coatings, and water-repellent materials. In this work, the role of nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> and Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) functionalized nano-SiO<sub>2</sub> has been synthesized successfully by the sol–gel method for coating applications. The outcomes of water contact angle (WCA), analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations revealed the successful grafting of hydrophobic long-chain alkyl groups from HDTMS onto the surface of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Notably, when the ratio of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles to HDTMS is 0.25:1, the WCA of the functionalized SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles is enhanced significantly. This value is 5.35 times greater than the initial angle of contact before the modification, leading to the achievement of a super hydrophobic property.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tarek Spelta, Eugénie Martinez, Marc Veillerot, Pedro Fernandes Paes Pinto Rocha, Laura Vauche, Bassem Salem, Bérangère Hyot
In this paper, we investigate the Al2O3/GaN critical buried interface of the next generation of gallium nitride (GaN)‐based transistors using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Results highlight that gallium oxidation at this interface is enhanced when increasing the Al2O3 thickness from 3 up to 20 nm. Gallium oxidation is reduced when using both O3 and H2O as oxidant precursors, compared with only H2O during the growth of Al2O3. In addition, the O3/H2O‐based Al2O3 favors a reduction of contaminants such as hydrogen and carbon but enhances the presence of halides (Cl− and F−) at this Al2O3/GaN interface.
{"title":"Effect of Al2O3 thickness and oxidant precursors on the interface composition and contamination in Al2O3/GaN structures","authors":"Tarek Spelta, Eugénie Martinez, Marc Veillerot, Pedro Fernandes Paes Pinto Rocha, Laura Vauche, Bassem Salem, Bérangère Hyot","doi":"10.1002/sia.7299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7299","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GaN critical buried interface of the next generation of gallium nitride (GaN)‐based transistors using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Results highlight that gallium oxidation at this interface is enhanced when increasing the Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> thickness from 3 up to 20 nm. Gallium oxidation is reduced when using both O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O as oxidant precursors, compared with only H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O during the growth of Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. In addition, the O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O‐based Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> favors a reduction of contaminants such as hydrogen and carbon but enhances the presence of halides (Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup> and F<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>) at this Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GaN interface.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Droplet impact is a common occurrence in nature, agriculture, and industry. The research on the multi‐droplet impact is fundamental to understanding the tangled nature of reality. This paper numerically studies the successive oblique impact of dual droplets on the liquid film by building an effective three‐dimensional model. The leading and trailing droplets are set to pass a certain impact point with the same velocity. The main contribution of this paper is the investigation of the effects of Weber number, liquid film thickness, impact angle, and impact time interval on the interface morphology evolution after the droplet impact. Results show that splash pattern conversion of the primary or secondary crown occurs with the change of these factors. Besides, the variations of the maximum crater radius in upstream, lateral, and downstream directions with time are quantitatively analyzed. The crater radius analysis is carried out from three perspectives, the variation during the single droplet impact, the change during the dual droplets impact, and the comparison between them. It is found that the crater of dual droplets impact exhibits shape distortion in the deformation period and appears a marked dimensional increase in the secondary expansion period.
{"title":"Crater radius analysis after dual droplets successive oblique impact on liquid film","authors":"Minle Bao, Denghui Zhao, Luyuan Gong, Yali Guo, Shengqiang Shen","doi":"10.1002/sia.7304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7304","url":null,"abstract":"Droplet impact is a common occurrence in nature, agriculture, and industry. The research on the multi‐droplet impact is fundamental to understanding the tangled nature of reality. This paper numerically studies the successive oblique impact of dual droplets on the liquid film by building an effective three‐dimensional model. The leading and trailing droplets are set to pass a certain impact point with the same velocity. The main contribution of this paper is the investigation of the effects of Weber number, liquid film thickness, impact angle, and impact time interval on the interface morphology evolution after the droplet impact. Results show that splash pattern conversion of the primary or secondary crown occurs with the change of these factors. Besides, the variations of the maximum crater radius in upstream, lateral, and downstream directions with time are quantitatively analyzed. The crater radius analysis is carried out from three perspectives, the variation during the single droplet impact, the change during the dual droplets impact, and the comparison between them. It is found that the crater of dual droplets impact exhibits shape distortion in the deformation period and appears a marked dimensional increase in the secondary expansion period.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiying Wu, Lan Zhang, Tingting Zhang, Lujie Li, Anqi Li, Lingling Wang, Chang Liu, Weihua Li, Jiansheng Li, Rui Lu
At present, Ag nanoparticles have been widely used as Raman substrates, but their easy oxidation and aggregation have limited practical applications. In order to address the above problems, firstly, tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor was applied to synthesis silver coated with silica dioxide nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2). As a result, the surface of Ag nanoparticles is uniformly coated with a thin layer of SiO2 in order to solve the easy oxidation problem without adversely affecting their surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance. Furthermore, Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles were electrostatically deposited onto polyamide (PA) films to form a two‐dimensional PA‐Ag@SiO2 film substrate, thus resolving nanoparticle agglomeration issues and further improving the repeatability of the entire system. As can been from the SERS detection results obtained from the probe molecules and pollutants, the Raman signal on the PA‐Ag@SiO2 thin film substrate has a good degree of sensitivity, stability, and repeatability.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of polyamide‐Ag@SiO2 Raman substrate","authors":"Shiying Wu, Lan Zhang, Tingting Zhang, Lujie Li, Anqi Li, Lingling Wang, Chang Liu, Weihua Li, Jiansheng Li, Rui Lu","doi":"10.1002/sia.7303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7303","url":null,"abstract":"At present, Ag nanoparticles have been widely used as Raman substrates, but their easy oxidation and aggregation have limited practical applications. In order to address the above problems, firstly, tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor was applied to synthesis silver coated with silica dioxide nanoparticles (Ag@SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>). As a result, the surface of Ag nanoparticles is uniformly coated with a thin layer of SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> in order to solve the easy oxidation problem without adversely affecting their surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance. Furthermore, Ag@SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles were electrostatically deposited onto polyamide (PA) films to form a two‐dimensional PA‐Ag@SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> film substrate, thus resolving nanoparticle agglomeration issues and further improving the repeatability of the entire system. As can been from the SERS detection results obtained from the probe molecules and pollutants, the Raman signal on the PA‐Ag@SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> thin film substrate has a good degree of sensitivity, stability, and repeatability.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guiomar Delgado Soria, María González, Miguel Luis Crespillo, Jesús Sánchez Prieto, Gastón García
This research addresses an analytical methodology to quantify elements of interest in fusion‐relevant materials using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). For this purpose, internal standards have been fabricated by ion implantation to avoid the well‐known matrix effect of this technique. In particular, chromium has been implanted at an energy of 12 MeV using two fluences in high‐purity iron and tungsten matrices together with Si control substrates. The latter were applied to determine the Cr concentration implanted through experimental and semiempirical methods. Specifically, the IBA technique Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) provided the quantitative results being 3.1 × 1019 at/cm3 and 1.6 × 1019 at/cm3 for the high and low dose, respectively. The SIMS depth profiles of Cr for the Fe and W matrices established an ion implantation depth close to 2 μm on both substrates in agreement with the calculations previously performed by Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) simulations. Correlation between the integration of SIMS profiles and known concentrations of the implanted ion resulted in the calibration curve for each matrix, obtaining the SIMS quantification approach by means of this relative sensitivity factor (RSF). Additionally, a cross‐check of the method by comparing commercial Fe‐Cr alloys with the Cr‐implanted Fe matrices of the present study pointed out the need to produce standards with higher chromium concentrations.
{"title":"Quantification of secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements by using ion‐implanted metallic standards","authors":"Guiomar Delgado Soria, María González, Miguel Luis Crespillo, Jesús Sánchez Prieto, Gastón García","doi":"10.1002/sia.7298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7298","url":null,"abstract":"This research addresses an analytical methodology to quantify elements of interest in fusion‐relevant materials using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). For this purpose, internal standards have been fabricated by ion implantation to avoid the well‐known matrix effect of this technique. In particular, chromium has been implanted at an energy of 12 MeV using two fluences in high‐purity iron and tungsten matrices together with Si control substrates. The latter were applied to determine the Cr concentration implanted through experimental and semiempirical methods. Specifically, the IBA technique Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) provided the quantitative results being 3.1 × 10<jats:sup>19</jats:sup> at/cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> and 1.6 × 10<jats:sup>19</jats:sup> at/cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> for the high and low dose, respectively. The SIMS depth profiles of Cr for the Fe and W matrices established an ion implantation depth close to 2 μm on both substrates in agreement with the calculations previously performed by Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) simulations. Correlation between the integration of SIMS profiles and known concentrations of the implanted ion resulted in the calibration curve for each matrix, obtaining the SIMS quantification approach by means of this relative sensitivity factor (RSF). Additionally, a cross‐check of the method by comparing commercial Fe‐Cr alloys with the Cr‐implanted Fe matrices of the present study pointed out the need to produce standards with higher chromium concentrations.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140002928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coal indirect liquefied diesel soot (Coal-to-liquids diesel soot, CS) was collected by a self-made soot trapper. CS was modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and named as CS-CTAB. The tribological properties of CS and CS-CTAB in 10#white oil(10#WO) were tested on a WTM-2E controlled atmosphere miniature friction and wear testing machine. The morphology, composition, and tribological mechanism of CS and modified CS-CTAB were studied by using TEM, XPS, XRD, Raman, and other instruments. The results showed that CS modified by CTAB is wrapped and entangled in long chains. Their main structure components are all amorphous carbon with a small amount of graphite crystallites. The addition of CS-CTAB (0.8 wt%) significantly reduces both AFC and wear rate, with reductions of 32.9% for AFC, and 65.6% for wear rate compared to no additive. The anti-friction and anti-wear effect of CS is greatly improved after being modified by CTAB. Mechanism analysis shows that CS as a lubricant additive, acts as a micro-bearing in the friction process and falls off under the action of shear force to generate an independent graphite sheet, thus forming a graphite protective film on the surface of 304 stainless steel plate. However, CS has the defects of low graphitization degree, large particle size, and easy agglomeration. During friction, uneven adsorption of CS on the surface can worsen wear. However, CTAB modification can improve dispersion stability in 10#WO and effectively reduce wear on the friction surface.
{"title":"Tribological properties of Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide modified CS as lubrication additive","authors":"Jing Li, Tianxia Liu, Jinyu Liu","doi":"10.1002/sia.7297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7297","url":null,"abstract":"The coal indirect liquefied diesel soot (Coal-to-liquids diesel soot, CS) was collected by a self-made soot trapper. CS was modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and named as CS-CTAB. The tribological properties of CS and CS-CTAB in 10<sup>#</sup>white oil(10<sup>#</sup>WO) were tested on a WTM-2E controlled atmosphere miniature friction and wear testing machine. The morphology, composition, and tribological mechanism of CS and modified CS-CTAB were studied by using TEM, XPS, XRD, Raman, and other instruments. The results showed that CS modified by CTAB is wrapped and entangled in long chains. Their main structure components are all amorphous carbon with a small amount of graphite crystallites. The addition of CS-CTAB (0.8 wt%) significantly reduces both AFC and wear rate, with reductions of 32.9% for AFC, and 65.6% for wear rate compared to no additive. The anti-friction and anti-wear effect of CS is greatly improved after being modified by CTAB. Mechanism analysis shows that CS as a lubricant additive, acts as a micro-bearing in the friction process and falls off under the action of shear force to generate an independent graphite sheet, thus forming a graphite protective film on the surface of 304 stainless steel plate. However, CS has the defects of low graphitization degree, large particle size, and easy agglomeration. During friction, uneven adsorption of CS on the surface can worsen wear. However, CTAB modification can improve dispersion stability in 10<sup>#</sup>WO and effectively reduce wear on the friction surface.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139978954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberto Fantin, Ambroise Van Roekeghem, Jean-Pascal Rueff, Anass Benayad
We investigated the effects of X-ray beam damage during X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement on LiNiO2 electrodes. The degree of damage induced by lab-based and synchrotron X-ray radiation has been compared between pristine and cycled electrodes, highlighting the role of positive solid electrode–electrolyte interphase to protect the cycled LiNiO2 surface from beam damage. The possible steps to avoid or at least reduce the beam-induced effects are outlined.
我们研究了在对 LiNiO2 电极进行 X 射线光电子能谱测量时 X 射线束损伤的影响。比较了原始电极和循环电极在实验室和同步辐射 X 射线辐射下的损伤程度，突出了正固态电极-电解质间相在保护循环 LiNiO2 表面免受光束损伤方面的作用。此外，还概述了避免或至少减少光束诱导效应的可能步骤。
{"title":"Surface analysis insight note: Accounting for X-ray beam damage effects in positive electrode-electrolyte interphase investigations","authors":"Roberto Fantin, Ambroise Van Roekeghem, Jean-Pascal Rueff, Anass Benayad","doi":"10.1002/sia.7294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7294","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the effects of X-ray beam damage during X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement on LiNiO<sub>2</sub> electrodes. The degree of damage induced by lab-based and synchrotron X-ray radiation has been compared between pristine and cycled electrodes, highlighting the role of positive solid electrode–electrolyte interphase to protect the cycled LiNiO<sub>2</sub> surface from beam damage. The possible steps to avoid or at least reduce the beam-induced effects are outlined.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The formation process of core–shell structure from multiple graphdiyne-like chains and carbon nanotube is investigated by a molecular dynamics simulation. Multiple graphdiyne-like chains self-curl into helical structures located inside carbon nanotubes. The entire process involves two steps: sliding and twisting. A detailed analysis is conducted on the formation mechanism. Both the van der Waals potential well and the π–π stacking interaction between carbon nanotube and graphdiyne-like chains play a major role in the self-assemble process. Furthermore, the influence factors such as the number of graphdiyne-like chains, the diameter of carbon nanotube, the length of carbon nanotube, the length of graphdiyne-like chains, and the simulation temperature is also investigated. The research results are an important theoretical basis for manufacturing high-quality carbon nanomaterials and other novel nanostructures.
{"title":"Multiple graphdiyne-like chains self-assemble into carbon nanotubes","authors":"Rui Wang, Houbo Yang, Danhui Zhang, Xuemei Sun, Dengbo Zhang, Jianhui Shi, Ruquan Liang, Anmin Liu","doi":"10.1002/sia.7295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.7295","url":null,"abstract":"The formation process of core–shell structure from multiple graphdiyne-like chains and carbon nanotube is investigated by a molecular dynamics simulation. Multiple graphdiyne-like chains self-curl into helical structures located inside carbon nanotubes. The entire process involves two steps: sliding and twisting. A detailed analysis is conducted on the formation mechanism. Both the van der Waals potential well and the π–π stacking interaction between carbon nanotube and graphdiyne-like chains play a major role in the self-assemble process. Furthermore, the influence factors such as the number of graphdiyne-like chains, the diameter of carbon nanotube, the length of carbon nanotube, the length of graphdiyne-like chains, and the simulation temperature is also investigated. The research results are an important theoretical basis for manufacturing high-quality carbon nanomaterials and other novel nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":22062,"journal":{"name":"Surface and Interface Analysis","volume":"15 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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