Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22232/STJ.2020.08.02.01
F. Brearley
Fine roots (< 2 mm diameter) are key for nutrient and carbon cycling in forests but less well studied for oak than other European trees. To better understand controls on root mass and nutrient concentrations in oak stands, a study was conducted at Glendalough in Ireland. Roots were removed from soils and measured for biomass, length and nutrient concentrations along with soil nutrients. Fine root mass was 360 gm-2 and comparable to other oak stands. Whilst root N concentrations were high, P concentrations were low and N, P, K, Mg, but not C or Ca were at greater concentrations in fine roots compared to coarse (2-5 mm) roots. The root Ca:Al ratio suggested Al toxicity although this was less marked in organic-rich soils. Neither root mass nor root nutrient concentrations showed particularly strong correlations with soil nutrients or pH. Whilst this data agrees well with other similar studies, improved analysis by separating live and dead roots will further advance our understanding of controls on forest fine root dynamics.
{"title":"Root Mass and Elemental Concentrations in an Irish Oak Woodland","authors":"F. Brearley","doi":"10.22232/STJ.2020.08.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/STJ.2020.08.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Fine roots (< 2 mm diameter) are key for nutrient and carbon cycling in forests but less well studied for oak than other European trees. To better understand controls on root mass and nutrient concentrations in oak stands, a study was conducted at Glendalough in Ireland. Roots were removed from soils and measured for biomass, length and nutrient concentrations along with soil nutrients. Fine root mass was 360 gm-2 and comparable to other oak stands. Whilst root N concentrations were high, P concentrations were low and N, P, K, Mg, but not C or Ca were at greater concentrations in fine roots compared to coarse (2-5 mm) roots. The root Ca:Al ratio suggested Al toxicity although this was less marked in organic-rich soils. Neither root mass nor root nutrient concentrations showed particularly strong correlations with soil nutrients or pH. Whilst this data agrees well with other similar studies, improved analysis by separating live and dead roots will further advance our understanding of controls on forest fine root dynamics.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84221349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.01
Poonam Mittal
Dynamic and cooperative nature of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks raises question on security. Various researchers work in this direction to spot malicious, selfish and compromised nodes. Various mechanisms followed are uniqueness of clustering, reputation system and an operation at specific nodes. LEACH is a hierarchical protocol in which most nodes transmit to cluster heads, and the cluster heads aggregate and compress the data and forward it to the base station (sink). Each node uses a stochastic algorithm at each round to determine whether it will become a cluster head in this round. Clustering process carried out in two stages takes the role of the reputation scheme and reveals specific operation at CH, IN and MNs beside their usual activities in cluster based wireless sensor networks. This paper mentioned the final structure of the security framework, corresponding attacks and defense mechanism of the model. It also discusses various security level processes of wireless sensor networks. Results implies that in a cluster-based protocol such as LEACH in which optimally 5% of the nodes are cluster heads it is likely that a significant portion of the network can be paralyzed or the entire network disabled, in the worst-case scenario, if these cluster heads are compromised. Our main contribution in this paper is our novel approach in maintaining trusted clusters through a trust-based decision-making cluster head election algorithm.
{"title":"A Novel Framework to Secure CBWSNS Against the Selfishness Problem","authors":"Poonam Mittal","doi":"10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic and cooperative nature of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks raises question on security. Various researchers work in this direction to spot malicious, selfish and compromised nodes. Various mechanisms followed are uniqueness of clustering, reputation system and an operation at specific nodes. LEACH is a hierarchical protocol in which most nodes transmit to cluster heads, and the cluster heads aggregate and compress the data and forward it to the base station (sink). Each node uses a stochastic algorithm at each round to determine whether it will become a cluster head in this round. Clustering process carried out in two stages takes the role of the reputation scheme and reveals specific operation at CH, IN and MNs beside their usual activities in cluster based wireless sensor networks. This paper mentioned the final structure of the security framework, corresponding attacks and defense mechanism of the model. It also discusses various security level processes of wireless sensor networks. Results implies that in a cluster-based protocol such as LEACH in which optimally 5% of the nodes are cluster heads it is likely that a significant portion of the network can be paralyzed or the entire network disabled, in the worst-case scenario, if these cluster heads are compromised. Our main contribution in this paper is our novel approach in maintaining trusted clusters through a trust-based decision-making cluster head election algorithm.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91300821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.12
K. Kavitha, L. Palaniappan
Effect of pH and cosolvent on the stabilization of protein structure is a well established study in protein or food science. Among the various applications of proteins, the use of protein nanoparticle as drug or bioactive compound carriers is the one which is of most interest to many diverse researchers. The synthesis of such protein nanoparticles and their characterization is of prior requirement for the realization of these drug or bioactive carriers. On this basis, the present work deals with the ultrasonic analysis of hydrophobic interactions exhibited by the a-lactalbumin nanoparticle synthesized by heat treatment using acetone as desolvating agent. In order to enrich the variations in hydrophobicity, heat or temperature and cosolvent (glucose) are included in the study. The results are interpreted in terms of the interactions existing among the components and the evolved discussions reveal the bulk nature of the medium is controlled by the existing hydrophobicity interactions. The obtained results indicate that the dependency of protein denaturation on heat and the strengthening of non- covalent interactions by the cosolvent and/or the steric exclusion effect can be attributed to the structural modifications of protein.
{"title":"Hydrophobicity Character of A-lactalbumin Nanoparticles: An Ultrasonic Study","authors":"K. Kavitha, L. Palaniappan","doi":"10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of pH and cosolvent on the stabilization of protein structure is a well established study in protein or food science. Among the various applications of proteins, the use of protein nanoparticle as drug or bioactive compound carriers is the one which is of most interest to many diverse researchers. The synthesis of such protein nanoparticles and their characterization is of prior requirement for the realization of these drug or bioactive carriers. On this basis, the present work deals with the ultrasonic analysis of hydrophobic interactions exhibited by the a-lactalbumin nanoparticle synthesized by heat treatment using acetone as desolvating agent. In order to enrich the variations in hydrophobicity, heat or temperature and cosolvent (glucose) are included in the study. The results are interpreted in terms of the interactions existing among the components and the evolved discussions reveal the bulk nature of the medium is controlled by the existing hydrophobicity interactions. The obtained results indicate that the dependency of protein denaturation on heat and the strengthening of non- covalent interactions by the cosolvent and/or the steric exclusion effect can be attributed to the structural modifications of protein.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89777953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.06
R. R. Aswathi, K. P. Kumar, B. Ramakrishnan
The algorithm C4.5 is an efficient decision tree based classification, which is derived from the ID3 approach. C4.5 is also a rule based classification algorithm. The main importance of the C4.5 algorithm is that it can deal with categorical data, over fitting of data and handling of missing values. The performance of C4.5 is superior to ID3 even with equal number of attributes. The EC4.5 (Exponential C4.5) is an extension of C4.5 algorithm which uses exponential of split value to predict the gain of attributes and handled the set back reported in C4.5. However the EC4.5 has some misclassification of data and to avoid this problem a new technique is introduced. This paper proposes a proficient technique TMC4.5 (Taylor-Madhava C4.5) to reduce the uncertainty in classification of data by integrating an exponential split value in EC4.5 and sin splitting value derived from the Madhava series. By using this technique an optimized gain value is obtained that reduces uncertainty. From the obtained result the TMC4.5 has far better results than the C4.5 and EC4.5 algorithms.
{"title":"An Extended C4.5 Classification Algorithm using Mathematical Series","authors":"R. R. Aswathi, K. P. Kumar, B. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"The algorithm C4.5 is an efficient decision tree based classification, which is derived from the ID3 approach. C4.5 is also a rule based classification algorithm. The main importance of the C4.5 algorithm is that it can deal with categorical data, over fitting of data and handling of missing values. The performance of C4.5 is superior to ID3 even with equal number of attributes. The EC4.5 (Exponential C4.5) is an extension of C4.5 algorithm which uses exponential of split value to predict the gain of attributes and handled the set back reported in C4.5. However the EC4.5 has some misclassification of data and to avoid this problem a new technique is introduced. This paper proposes a proficient technique TMC4.5 (Taylor-Madhava C4.5) to reduce the uncertainty in classification of data by integrating an exponential split value in EC4.5 and sin splitting value derived from the Madhava series. By using this technique an optimized gain value is obtained that reduces uncertainty. From the obtained result the TMC4.5 has far better results than the C4.5 and EC4.5 algorithms.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78064607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.07
R. Chandran, A. Salih
A generalized, pressure-based compressible-liquid flow model is proposed for the isothermal low-speed flow of liquids. The flow model incorporates dedicated equations of state for liquids into the pressure-based solvers to simulate the compressible effects in liquids. The model’s capability to handle compressible liquid flow problems is evaluated against the well-established density-based water-hammer model. The isothermal flow problem of an instantaneous valve closure in an irrigation pipe and the associated flow transients are numerically solved using the proposed model by employing the Tait equation of state in conjunction with a segregated pressure-based solver algorithm. The transient flow problem is solved for a range of operating pressures, and the surge in pressure and variation of other flow properties and their interrelations are studied in detail. The proposed model could successfully capture the entire physics of the problem, including the compressible modeling of the liquid involved and could produce high accuracy numerical results. The results suggest that the pressure-based compressible-liquid flow model is a reliable and computationally inexpensive numerical tool for isothermal low-speed compressible liquid flow computations.
{"title":"A Pressure-based Compressible-Liquid Flow Model for Computation of Instantaneous Valve Closure in Pipes","authors":"R. Chandran, A. Salih","doi":"10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"A generalized, pressure-based compressible-liquid flow model is proposed for the isothermal low-speed flow of liquids. The flow model incorporates dedicated equations of state for liquids into the pressure-based solvers to simulate the compressible effects in liquids. The model’s capability to handle compressible liquid flow problems is evaluated against the well-established density-based water-hammer model. The isothermal flow problem of an instantaneous valve closure in an irrigation pipe and the associated flow transients are numerically solved using the proposed model by employing the Tait equation of state in conjunction with a segregated pressure-based solver algorithm. The transient flow problem is solved for a range of operating pressures, and the surge in pressure and variation of other flow properties and their interrelations are studied in detail. The proposed model could successfully capture the entire physics of the problem, including the compressible modeling of the liquid involved and could produce high accuracy numerical results. The results suggest that the pressure-based compressible-liquid flow model is a reliable and computationally inexpensive numerical tool for isothermal low-speed compressible liquid flow computations.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75061176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.11
Sunny Thukral, J. Bal
The need for the proposed system mounts due to expensive clinical cost, the prolonged period of Genetic testing and especially painful for an individual to perform all certain clinical tests to diagnose celiac disease. With this proposed method, an individual can foretell celiac disease by just input crisp values of varied symptoms using fuzzy logic. A case study was conducted using a questionnaire procedure to obtain out the requisite symptoms in Amritsar, Punjab on 700 individuals; having 303 females and 393 males. So, the proposed system will be implemented using Mamdani Model and forms the prediction output practicing de-fuzzification when correlated with computed values produced optimum correctness. The proposed system will have a disease prediction of 96.11% accuracy according to the input values given by an individual to authenticate the celiac disease. The proposed system will provide a fruitful outcome for individuals and physicians for celiac disease disclosure in few seconds without any painful testing strategy.
{"title":"Fuzzy Logic: An Easiest Technique to Predict Celiac Disease","authors":"Sunny Thukral, J. Bal","doi":"10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"The need for the proposed system mounts due to expensive clinical cost, the prolonged period of Genetic testing and especially painful for an individual to perform all certain clinical tests to diagnose celiac disease. With this proposed method, an individual can foretell celiac disease by just input crisp values of varied symptoms using fuzzy logic. A case study was conducted using a questionnaire procedure to obtain out the requisite symptoms in Amritsar, Punjab on 700 individuals; having 303 females and 393 males. So, the proposed system will be implemented using Mamdani Model and forms the prediction output practicing de-fuzzification when correlated with computed values produced optimum correctness. The proposed system will have a disease prediction of 96.11% accuracy according to the input values given by an individual to authenticate the celiac disease. The proposed system will provide a fruitful outcome for individuals and physicians for celiac disease disclosure in few seconds without any painful testing strategy.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76749742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.10
S. Mandal, Sanket Dan, Pritam Ghosh, Subhranil Mustafi, Kunal Roy, Kaushik Mukherjee, D. Hajra, S. Banik
Image classification using fully connected neural network is not efficient due to huge number of parameters in each layer. In this paper, we propose a Neuro-Statistic model for classification of five different pig breeds from pig images. The model consists of four sub modules which work together as a layered structure. We captured multiple individual pig images of five different pig breeds from different organized farms to conduct this research, segmented the captured pig images using hue based segmentation algorithm and then calculated the statistical properties like entropy, standard deviation, variance, mean, median, mode and color properties like H.S.V from the content of the individual segmented images. We fed all the extracted properties into Neural Network for Pig Breed (NNPB) to perform pig breed prediction with the classification module and analyzed the best performance, regression error plot, Error histogram and training state of NNPB. The performance of NNPB network was accepted based on error analysis and finally, we used the trained model to predict the breed of 50 pig images and achieved the prediction accuracy of 90%.
使用全连接神经网络进行图像分类，由于每层参数数量巨大，导致分类效率不高。在本文中，我们提出了一种神经统计模型，用于从猪图像中分类五种不同的猪品种。该模型由四个子模块组成，这些子模块作为分层结构一起工作。我们采集了来自不同组织养殖场的5种不同猪种的多张个体猪图像进行研究，利用基于色相的分割算法对捕获的猪图像进行分割，然后从各个分割图像的内容中计算熵、标准差、方差、均值、中位数、模式和H.S.V等颜色属性。将提取的所有属性输入到NNPB (Neural Network for Pig Breed)中，利用分类模块进行猪品种预测，并分析了NNPB的最佳性能、回归误差图、误差直方图和训练状态。在误差分析的基础上，接受了NNPB网络的性能，最后利用训练好的模型对50张猪图像进行了品种预测，预测准确率达到90%。
{"title":"Pig Breeds Classification using Neuro-Statistic Model","authors":"S. Mandal, Sanket Dan, Pritam Ghosh, Subhranil Mustafi, Kunal Roy, Kaushik Mukherjee, D. Hajra, S. Banik","doi":"10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"Image classification using fully connected neural network is not efficient due to huge number of parameters in each layer. In this paper, we propose a Neuro-Statistic model for classification of five different pig breeds from pig images. The model consists of four sub modules which work together as a layered structure. We captured multiple individual pig images of five different pig breeds from different organized farms to conduct this research, segmented the captured pig images using hue based segmentation algorithm and then calculated the statistical properties like entropy, standard deviation, variance, mean, median, mode and color properties like H.S.V from the content of the individual segmented images. We fed all the extracted properties into Neural Network for Pig Breed (NNPB) to perform pig breed prediction with the classification module and analyzed the best performance, regression error plot, Error histogram and training state of NNPB. The performance of NNPB network was accepted based on error analysis and finally, we used the trained model to predict the breed of 50 pig images and achieved the prediction accuracy of 90%.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88479236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.09
M. Geetha, J. Sathish, S. Rajendran
The formulation consisting of 100 ppm Thiourea, 25 ppm Zn2+ and 250 ppm of L-Phenylalanine has 95% corrosion inhibition efficiency with a synergistic effect among Thiourea, L-Phenylalanine and Zn2+ ions. Polarization study shows that this formulation as a mixed inhibitor. FTIR spectra exposed the presence of Fe2+-Thiourea, Fe2+-L-Phenylalanine complex and Zn(OH)2 in protective film. AFM study confirmed the metal surface smoothness following engrossed in the inhibitor and the presence of formed protective film on the metal surface.
由100 ppm的硫脲、25 ppm的Zn2+和250 ppm的l -苯丙氨酸组成的配方具有95%的缓蚀效率，硫脲、l -苯丙氨酸和Zn2+离子之间具有协同效应。极化研究表明，该配方为混合缓蚀剂。FTIR光谱显示保护膜中存在Fe2+-硫脲、Fe2+- l -苯丙氨酸络合物和Zn(OH)2。原子力显微镜研究证实了金属表面的光滑度，并在金属表面形成了保护膜。
{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Thiourea-Zn2+ and L-Phenylalanine on the Inhibition of Corrosion of Mild Steel in Acid Medium","authors":"M. Geetha, J. Sathish, S. Rajendran","doi":"10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"The formulation consisting of 100 ppm Thiourea, 25 ppm Zn2+ and 250 ppm of L-Phenylalanine has 95% corrosion inhibition efficiency with a synergistic effect among Thiourea, L-Phenylalanine and Zn2+ ions. Polarization study shows that this formulation as a mixed inhibitor. FTIR spectra exposed the presence of Fe2+-Thiourea, Fe2+-L-Phenylalanine complex and Zn(OH)2 in protective film. AFM study confirmed the metal surface smoothness following engrossed in the inhibitor and the presence of formed protective film on the metal surface.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87185804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.04
D. Malakar, P. Borah, L. Das, N. Senthil Kumar
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen which causes serious invasive illness, and affects mostly elderly and immune-compromised people, pregnant women, newborns and infants leading to listeriosis. L. monocytogenes can cause vast outbreaks due to consumption of contaminated food products, and has a significant role in public health. The pathogen has been isolated from food, human and animal samples world-wide. Neonatal listeriosis is most commonly reported incase of humans, where as in animal populations, spontaneous abortions, meningoencephalitis and endometritis are the most common. The purpose of this review is to enumerate Listeria epidemiology world-wide by using publicly available data from CDC, FDA and ProMED and by describing the details such as countries involved, source, suspected and confirmed case counts etc. to understand its public health importance. This review also offers a description of bacteriological characteristics, taxonomy, virulence determinants, typing methods, a detailed account of listeriosis in human and in animals and an up-to-date information of the recent outbreaks of L. monocytogenes. We specifically aimed at the prevalence and epidemiology of L. monocytogenes globally, since it is a major food-borne pathogen and is the third leading cause of death due to food poisoning. This review paper provides information on L. monocytogenes to understand the better management of the infection, the source of infection and route of transmission of the disease. Most of the listeriosis cases were linked with the consumption of contaminated food and it is important to identify the type of food materials to mitigate the risk of Listeriosis in the high-risk populations.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Molecular Characteristics and Food-Borne Outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"D. Malakar, P. Borah, L. Das, N. Senthil Kumar","doi":"10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen which causes serious invasive illness, and affects mostly elderly and immune-compromised people, pregnant women, newborns and infants leading to listeriosis. L. monocytogenes can cause vast outbreaks due to consumption of contaminated food products, and has a significant role in public health. The pathogen has been isolated from food, human and animal samples world-wide. Neonatal listeriosis is most commonly reported incase of humans, where as in animal populations, spontaneous abortions, meningoencephalitis and endometritis are the most common. The purpose of this review is to enumerate Listeria epidemiology world-wide by using publicly available data from CDC, FDA and ProMED and by describing the details such as countries involved, source, suspected and confirmed case counts etc. to understand its public health importance. This review also offers a description of bacteriological characteristics, taxonomy, virulence determinants, typing methods, a detailed account of listeriosis in human and in animals and an up-to-date information of the recent outbreaks of L. monocytogenes. We specifically aimed at the prevalence and epidemiology of L. monocytogenes globally, since it is a major food-borne pathogen and is the third leading cause of death due to food poisoning. This review paper provides information on L. monocytogenes to understand the better management of the infection, the source of infection and route of transmission of the disease. Most of the listeriosis cases were linked with the consumption of contaminated food and it is important to identify the type of food materials to mitigate the risk of Listeriosis in the high-risk populations.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78937494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.02
M. Purushothaman, K. Natarajan
Concrete is regarded as a composite material that has good mechanical and durability properties for construction. However normal concrete is poor in electrical conductivity. An endeavour has been made with concrete to have all these three properties. The addition of small amounts of short carbon fibers and a nanomaterial silica fume to the concrete mixture causes an increase in strength and durability properties as well as electrical conductivity. In this paper, experimental results of compressive strength and electrical resistivity are presented. This Concrete technology can be applied with low voltage current for de-icing on highways and airfields, during snowfall in the winter season. This technique will help to reduce the cost and environmental issues of roads in snow fall region.
{"title":"Incorporation of Carbon Fiber and Silica Fume in the Production of Conductive Concrete","authors":"M. Purushothaman, K. Natarajan","doi":"10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2019.07.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is regarded as a composite material that has good mechanical and durability properties for construction. However normal concrete is poor in electrical conductivity. An endeavour has been made with concrete to have all these three properties. The addition of small amounts of short carbon fibers and a nanomaterial silica fume to the concrete mixture causes an increase in strength and durability properties as well as electrical conductivity. In this paper, experimental results of compressive strength and electrical resistivity are presented. This Concrete technology can be applied with low voltage current for de-icing on highways and airfields, during snowfall in the winter season. This technique will help to reduce the cost and environmental issues of roads in snow fall region.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86362725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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