Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.02
Ritu Srivastava, A. C. Shukla
During investigations; homology model of 3D-structure was built for sequence of polyhedrin protein of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, containing 246 amino acids (Accession: ACI05106.1 GI: 205946055), and evaluated through multiple tools/ applications to judge extent of accuracy in light of existing crystal structure. Further, in vivo experiments were conducted and determined response of different adjuvants with HaNPV and their efficacy. The pooled mean mortality of larvae exposed to virus mixed with 5% green tea and 5% rice bran filtrates (8.3 larvae per 25 plants) was differ significantly from control (15.8 larvae per 25 plants), suggesting that UV protectants & diet enhancer (mannitol) has ability to protect stability of virulence of the virus, under field conditions. The minimum percent pod damage of 8.6% and maximum yield of 1604.8 Kg ha-1 at harvesting was recorded with formulation of indigenous BHA virus isolate @ 2.2 x 105 POBs mL-1 mixed with Roket @50 ppm; followed by formulation with mannitol (@ 1% + green tea 5% + 5% rice bran filtrates) with percent pod damage of 16.8 % and yield of 1045.8 Kg ha-1 of chickpea. Furthermore, in vitro toxicity of fresh virus suspension @ 250 mL ha-1 was recorded more toxic in terms of percent mortality and LT50 (5.65 days). However, three months stored HaNPV formulations [(A) mannitol @ 1%+ green tea@ 5% and (B) mannitol @ 1% + green tea 5% + 5% rice bran filtrates] were more effective in larval reduction with LT50 of 7.89 and 6.00 days, respectively. Virus mixed with 5% green tea and 5% rice bran filtrates gave stability to formulation up-to one year with LT50 of 7.64 days. Findings showed that HaNPV formulations with mannitol (B) have potential that can be used in integrated manner with other IPM practices, to reduce the use of toxic synthetic pesticides in chickpea.
在调查;对含有246个氨基酸的棉铃虫多角体病毒多面蛋白序列(Accession: ACI05106.1 GI: 205946055)建立三维结构的同源性模型，并结合已有的晶体结构，通过多种工具/应用程序评估其准确性程度。进一步进行了体内实验，确定了不同佐剂对HaNPV的反应和疗效。与对照(15.8只/ 25株)相比，暴露于5%绿茶和5%米糠滤液混合的病毒的总平均死亡率(8.3只/ 25株)有显著差异，表明紫外线保护剂和日粮增强剂(甘露醇)在田间条件下具有保护病毒毒力稳定的能力。采用本地BHA病毒分离液(2.2 x 105 POBs mL-1)与Roket (50 ppm)混合配制，收获时荚果损失率最低为8.6%，产量最高为1604.8 Kg ha-1;其次是甘露醇(@ 1% +绿茶5% + 5%米糠滤液)配方，豆荚损坏率为16.8%，鹰嘴豆产量为1045.8 Kg hm -1。此外，新鲜病毒悬浮液@ 250 mL ha-1的体外毒性在死亡率百分比和LT50(5.65天)方面记录了更高的毒性。然而，储存3个月的HaNPV配方[(A)甘露醇@ 1%+绿茶@ 5%和(B)甘露醇@ 1%+绿茶5% + 5%米糠滤液]对幼虫的减少效果更好，LT50分别为7.89和6.00天。病毒与5%绿茶和5%米糠滤液混合后，配方稳定性长达一年，LT50为7.64天。研究结果表明，含有甘露醇(B)的HaNPV配方具有与其他IPM方法结合使用的潜力，可以减少鹰嘴豆中有毒合成农药的使用。
{"title":"In Silico and in Vivo Investigations of Bioagent Helicoverpa Nucleopolyhedrovirus against Helicoverpa armigera in Chickpea","authors":"Ritu Srivastava, A. C. Shukla","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"During investigations; homology model of 3D-structure was built for sequence of polyhedrin protein of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, containing 246 amino acids (Accession: ACI05106.1 GI: 205946055), and evaluated through multiple tools/ applications to judge extent of accuracy in light of existing crystal structure. Further, in vivo experiments were conducted and determined response of different adjuvants with HaNPV and their efficacy. The pooled mean mortality of larvae exposed to virus mixed with 5% green tea and 5% rice bran filtrates (8.3 larvae per 25 plants) was differ significantly from control (15.8 larvae per 25 plants), suggesting that UV protectants & diet enhancer (mannitol) has ability to protect stability of virulence of the virus, under field conditions. The minimum percent pod damage of 8.6% and maximum yield of 1604.8 Kg ha-1 at harvesting was recorded with formulation of indigenous BHA virus isolate @ 2.2 x 105 POBs mL-1 mixed with Roket @50 ppm; followed by formulation with mannitol (@ 1% + green tea 5% + 5% rice bran filtrates) with percent pod damage of 16.8 % and yield of 1045.8 Kg ha-1 of chickpea. Furthermore, in vitro toxicity of fresh virus suspension @ 250 mL ha-1 was recorded more toxic in terms of percent mortality and LT50 (5.65 days). However, three months stored HaNPV formulations [(A) mannitol @ 1%+ green tea@ 5% and (B) mannitol @ 1% + green tea 5% + 5% rice bran filtrates] were more effective in larval reduction with LT50 of 7.89 and 6.00 days, respectively. Virus mixed with 5% green tea and 5% rice bran filtrates gave stability to formulation up-to one year with LT50 of 7.64 days. Findings showed that HaNPV formulations with mannitol (B) have potential that can be used in integrated manner with other IPM practices, to reduce the use of toxic synthetic pesticides in chickpea.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87166637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.14
T. Mathi Murugan, E. Baburaj
The classification of high-dimensional dataset is challenging as it contains large amount irrelevant and noisy features. Thus, feature selection is performed in the dataset to eliminate these redundant features. It reduces the dimensionality of the dataset and increases the classification accuracy. Hence, for selecting the relevant features in high dimensional data, an improved cuckoo search algorithm (ICSA) was proposed in this paper. After feature selection, the dataset undergo classification using KNN classifier and SVM classifier. The experimental process illustrates that the improved cuckoo search algorithm effectively increases the classification accuracy by reducing the number of features in the dataset. For analysing the proposed algorithm, seven UCI repository dataset have been utilised. Also, the ICS algorithm is compared with other existing algorithms for the given dataset. From the investigation process, it was concluded that the proposed algorithm selects lesser number of features and also enhances the classification accuracy than the other existing algorithms.
{"title":"Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Future Selection","authors":"T. Mathi Murugan, E. Baburaj","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.14","url":null,"abstract":"The classification of high-dimensional dataset is challenging as it contains large amount irrelevant and noisy features. Thus, feature selection is performed in the dataset to eliminate these redundant features. It reduces the dimensionality of the dataset and increases the classification accuracy. Hence, for selecting the relevant features in high dimensional data, an improved cuckoo search algorithm (ICSA) was proposed in this paper. After feature selection, the dataset undergo classification using KNN classifier and SVM classifier. The experimental process illustrates that the improved cuckoo search algorithm effectively increases the classification accuracy by reducing the number of features in the dataset. For analysing the proposed algorithm, seven UCI repository dataset have been utilised. Also, the ICS algorithm is compared with other existing algorithms for the given dataset. From the investigation process, it was concluded that the proposed algorithm selects lesser number of features and also enhances the classification accuracy than the other existing algorithms.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76309194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.16
Anupam Tiwari, Usha Batra
Blockchain technology has been acquiring pace in deployments and implementations across globe vide association with large number of domains apart from widely known finance domain. These deployments are variegated in designs, have various architectures and possess functional differences. The commonality exists in deriving the benefits of blockchain technology through various technical variants of the widely known bitcoin blockchain architecture. Though still in evolving stage, the blockchain technology has been able to make an absolute mark in the industries, corporate and governance mechanisms to affirm that it’s part of a definite future. With devices estimate up to 50 billion in ecosystem of Internet-of-Things by 2025, the blockchain technology is soon going to be an integral part of future smart world. The deployment of any blockchain architecture might be able to accomplish the functional requirements as per design but the measurement of desired blockchain performance persists on a lot of parameters which need a balance and fine tuning established on purpose it has been designed for. In current times, transaction commit delays are being observed in bitcoin ecosystem. This paper identifies parameter effects on a bitcoin blockchain and measures the performance vide a bitcoin simulator effecting into tuning parameters like block size, blocks and number of nodes to analyze performance. The tuning effects into blockchain performance has been quantified, analyzed and discussed with focus on measuring and reducing the transaction propagation delays in a bitcoin environment. The paper concludes with heat map modeling plotted on Jupyter notebook with datasets derived.
{"title":"Cardinal Metrics in Blockchain Functioning","authors":"Anupam Tiwari, Usha Batra","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.16","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology has been acquiring pace in deployments and implementations across globe vide association with large number of domains apart from widely known finance domain. These deployments are variegated in designs, have various architectures and possess functional differences. The commonality exists in deriving the benefits of blockchain technology through various technical variants of the widely known bitcoin blockchain architecture. Though still in evolving stage, the blockchain technology has been able to make an absolute mark in the industries, corporate and governance mechanisms to affirm that it’s part of a definite future. With devices estimate up to 50 billion in ecosystem of Internet-of-Things by 2025, the blockchain technology is soon going to be an integral part of future smart world. The deployment of any blockchain architecture might be able to accomplish the functional requirements as per design but the measurement of desired blockchain performance persists on a lot of parameters which need a balance and fine tuning established on purpose it has been designed for. In current times, transaction commit delays are being observed in bitcoin ecosystem. This paper identifies parameter effects on a bitcoin blockchain and measures the performance vide a bitcoin simulator effecting into tuning parameters like block size, blocks and number of nodes to analyze performance. The tuning effects into blockchain performance has been quantified, analyzed and discussed with focus on measuring and reducing the transaction propagation delays in a bitcoin environment. The paper concludes with heat map modeling plotted on Jupyter notebook with datasets derived.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73634340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.18
H. Lalramnghaki, Lalram liana, V. Liana, Vanlalhlim puia, H. Lalremsanga, S. T. Lalzarzovi
Pieris canidia is one of the serious pests of cruciferous crops causing extensive damage to agricultural crops. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) therefore represent ideal candidates for biological control of the pest. In this study, the efficacy of four indigenous EPNs species, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis baujardi, Steinernema sangi, and Steinernema surkhetense from Mizoram was evaluated against P. canidia under laboratory condition. Different concentrations of nematodes, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 infective juveniles per larva (IJs/larva) were used to evaluate larval mortality rate, host penetration rate, and progeny production in insect cadaver. All the four EPN species showed high pathogenicity against the pest for different nematode concentrations and observation periods. At a concentration of 200 IJs/larva, cent percent mortality of the pest was recorded at 72 hr post-incubation for S. surkhetense, 96 hr for S. sangi and H. indica, and 120 hr post-incubation for H. baujardi. Based on the values of LC50 and LT50, H. indica was the most pathogenic among the four nematode species while S. sangi was the least pathogenic. After 24 hr of incubation, the LC50 values of H. indica, H. baujardi, S. surkhetense, and S. sangi were 88.60, 98.29, 113.26 and 95.61 IJs/larva, respectively. At 10 IJs/larva, the LT50 values of H. indica, H. baujardi, S. sangi, and S. surkhetense were 88.12, 90.69, 88.102.30, and 88.11 hr, respectively. The study also disclosed that all the four EPN species successfully infect the pest and showed high rate of penetration into the host. Furthermore, all the nematode isolates were capable of producing large numbers of IJs in larval cadaver of P. canidia that significantly varies between the EPN species. The isolate H. baujardi produced the highest number of IJs followed by H. indica, S. surkhetense, and S. sangi. Our findings therefore reveal that all the four EPN isolates have the potential to be developed as biological control agents for P. canidia.
{"title":"In-vitro Study on the Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) for the Control of the Indian Cabbage White, Pieris canidia","authors":"H. Lalramnghaki, Lalram liana, V. Liana, Vanlalhlim puia, H. Lalremsanga, S. T. Lalzarzovi","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.18","url":null,"abstract":"Pieris canidia is one of the serious pests of cruciferous crops causing extensive damage to agricultural crops. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) therefore represent ideal candidates for biological control of the pest. In this study, the efficacy of four indigenous EPNs species, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis baujardi, Steinernema sangi, and Steinernema surkhetense from Mizoram was evaluated against P. canidia under laboratory condition. Different concentrations of nematodes, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 infective juveniles per larva (IJs/larva) were used to evaluate larval mortality rate, host penetration rate, and progeny production in insect cadaver. All the four EPN species showed high pathogenicity against the pest for different nematode concentrations and observation periods. At a concentration of 200 IJs/larva, cent percent mortality of the pest was recorded at 72 hr post-incubation for S. surkhetense, 96 hr for S. sangi and H. indica, and 120 hr post-incubation for H. baujardi. Based on the values of LC50 and LT50, H. indica was the most pathogenic among the four nematode species while S. sangi was the least pathogenic. After 24 hr of incubation, the LC50 values of H. indica, H. baujardi, S. surkhetense, and S. sangi were 88.60, 98.29, 113.26 and 95.61 IJs/larva, respectively. At 10 IJs/larva, the LT50 values of H. indica, H. baujardi, S. sangi, and S. surkhetense were 88.12, 90.69, 88.102.30, and 88.11 hr, respectively. The study also disclosed that all the four EPN species successfully infect the pest and showed high rate of penetration into the host. Furthermore, all the nematode isolates were capable of producing large numbers of IJs in larval cadaver of P. canidia that significantly varies between the EPN species. The isolate H. baujardi produced the highest number of IJs followed by H. indica, S. surkhetense, and S. sangi. Our findings therefore reveal that all the four EPN isolates have the potential to be developed as biological control agents for P. canidia.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74428887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.08
Ravindra Naithani, Thaisa Jawhly, R. Tiwari
In this paper, we present the Ku band signal strength relationship with rain rate and temperature. The correlation analysis of rain intensity with signal data indicates that rain rate negatively impacts the Ku band link while the atmospheric temperature has a strong positive correlation with the received signal strength. The statistical analysis showed that both temperature and rain intensity significantly influenced the received-signal strength data. This study is a preliminary analysis and aims to draw the association between a Ku band signal with rain intensity and temperature.
{"title":"Satellite-Signal Dependence on Rain and Atmospheric Temperature","authors":"Ravindra Naithani, Thaisa Jawhly, R. Tiwari","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the Ku band signal strength relationship with rain rate and temperature. The correlation analysis of rain intensity with signal data indicates that rain rate negatively impacts the Ku band link while the atmospheric temperature has a strong positive correlation with the received signal strength. The statistical analysis showed that both temperature and rain intensity significantly influenced the received-signal strength data. This study is a preliminary analysis and aims to draw the association between a Ku band signal with rain intensity and temperature.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79615050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.20
R. Malsawmdawngzela, T. liana, D. Tiwari
The aim of this communication is to assess the sorption behavior of silanes grafted bentonite composite materials for Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution. The nanocomposites were synthesized by functionalization of the bentonite with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane under inert atmosphere. The batch experimental data indicated that the composite materials showed high percentage removal of RhB over a wide pH range, i.e., pH ~4.0 to 10.0. A high percentage removal of RhB was achieved within the concentrations studied from 1.0 to 25.0 mgL-1. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm were obtained using equilibrium state sorption data. The equilibrium sorption was attained within 180 min of contact and the kinetic model best fitted the pseudo-second-order model. Further, the change in background electrolyte (NaCl) concentrations from 0.0001 to 0.1molL-1 NaCl and the presence of co-existing ions do not significantly affect the sorption of RhB by the composite sorbents except for EDTA.
{"title":"Sorption of Rhodamine B Dye onto Bentonite Clay-silane Composite Materials","authors":"R. Malsawmdawngzela, T. liana, D. Tiwari","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.20","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this communication is to assess the sorption behavior of silanes grafted bentonite composite materials for Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution. The nanocomposites were synthesized by functionalization of the bentonite with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane under inert atmosphere. The batch experimental data indicated that the composite materials showed high percentage removal of RhB over a wide pH range, i.e., pH ~4.0 to 10.0. A high percentage removal of RhB was achieved within the concentrations studied from 1.0 to 25.0 mgL-1. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm were obtained using equilibrium state sorption data. The equilibrium sorption was attained within 180 min of contact and the kinetic model best fitted the pseudo-second-order model. Further, the change in background electrolyte (NaCl) concentrations from 0.0001 to 0.1molL-1 NaCl and the presence of co-existing ions do not significantly affect the sorption of RhB by the composite sorbents except for EDTA.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89726935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.17
Lalbiak zuala, H. Lalremsanga, Lalrin sanga, Lalmuan sanga, M. Vabeiryureilai, Romal sawma
Amphiesma stolatum is a widely distributed snake species. But the intra-species genetic information is still limited from India. This paper provides the first-time barcode data of A. stolatum (cox1 and 16s rRNA) sampled from Mizoram State, India. We compare the newly generated sequences with the conspecies sequences from the Indo-Malayan region, and establishes its phylogenetic relationship with its sister genera. We diagnosed a total of five haplotypes from the cox1 gene fragment with 0.844 and 0.004 as the haplotype diversity (hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi), respectively. The specimens from Mizoram showed a Kimura 2 parameter genetic distance of 0.21% (16s rRNA) and 1.05–1.22% (cox1) with the sequences from Guangdong Province, China; 1.22% (cox1) with the sequences from Hubei Province, China; 0.87–1.05% (cox1) with that from Taiwan; 8.05% with the specimen vouchered in the Natural History Museum, London. The mean intra-specific K2P distances are 4% and 0.36% in 16s rRNA and cox1, respectively. We also contribute new distributional records and elevational range, with notes on additional morphological data and occurrence of the two distinct morphs in Mizoram, Northeast India.
{"title":"DNA Barcoding Reveals Intra-Species Genetic Diversity of Amphiesma stolatum","authors":"Lalbiak zuala, H. Lalremsanga, Lalrin sanga, Lalmuan sanga, M. Vabeiryureilai, Romal sawma","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.17","url":null,"abstract":"Amphiesma stolatum is a widely distributed snake species. But the intra-species genetic information is still limited from India. This paper provides the first-time barcode data of A. stolatum (cox1 and 16s rRNA) sampled from Mizoram State, India. We compare the newly generated sequences with the conspecies sequences from the Indo-Malayan region, and establishes its phylogenetic relationship with its sister genera. We diagnosed a total of five haplotypes from the cox1 gene fragment with 0.844 and 0.004 as the haplotype diversity (hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi), respectively. The specimens from Mizoram showed a Kimura 2 parameter genetic distance of 0.21% (16s rRNA) and 1.05–1.22% (cox1) with the sequences from Guangdong Province, China; 1.22% (cox1) with the sequences from Hubei Province, China; 0.87–1.05% (cox1) with that from Taiwan; 8.05% with the specimen vouchered in the Natural History Museum, London. The mean intra-specific K2P distances are 4% and 0.36% in 16s rRNA and cox1, respectively. We also contribute new distributional records and elevational range, with notes on additional morphological data and occurrence of the two distinct morphs in Mizoram, Northeast India.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87102847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.11
Sainkupar Mn Mawiong
Using the concept of Leray functor and the way it is used to define the Cohomological Conley index, we define Leray equivalent, Leray shift equivalent, Leray elementary strong shift equivalent and Leray strong shift equivalent. We established their relationship with shift equivalent, strong shift equivalent and elementary strong shift equivalent. Then, we show that in the setting of Artinian and Noetherian module Leray equivalent implies strong shift equivalent.
{"title":"Some Results and Examples on The Relation of Leray Equivalent and (Strong) Shift Equivalent","authors":"Sainkupar Mn Mawiong","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"Using the concept of Leray functor and the way it is used to define the Cohomological Conley index, we define Leray equivalent, Leray shift equivalent, Leray elementary strong shift equivalent and Leray strong shift equivalent. We established their relationship with shift equivalent, strong shift equivalent and elementary strong shift equivalent. Then, we show that in the setting of Artinian and Noetherian module Leray equivalent implies strong shift equivalent.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84138634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.04
Remruattluanga Hnamte, Tbc Laldingliangi, H. Lalruatsanga, R. Lalfakzuala
Heavy metals are known for their phytotoxicity and commonly used in agrochemicals to control plant pathogens. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil may occur through extensive use of heavy metal-based agrochemicals over time or from industrial pollution. However, this study was focussed on the immediate effect of the heavy metal, Copper (Cu) contamination on soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities (viz. acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, urease & dehydrogenase). Soil with graded doses of Cu was prepared by treating soil samples with varying concentrations of Copper (ll) sulphatepentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) where three levels of CuSO4.5H2O (50, 100 & 200 mg/kg soil) treatments were formulated along with control. A significant decrease in soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities was observed in all treatments.
{"title":"Influence of Copper Contamination on Soil Physico-chemical Properties, Microbial Population and Enzyme Activities","authors":"Remruattluanga Hnamte, Tbc Laldingliangi, H. Lalruatsanga, R. Lalfakzuala","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are known for their phytotoxicity and commonly used in agrochemicals to control plant pathogens. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil may occur through extensive use of heavy metal-based agrochemicals over time or from industrial pollution. However, this study was focussed on the immediate effect of the heavy metal, Copper (Cu) contamination on soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities (viz. acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, urease & dehydrogenase). Soil with graded doses of Cu was prepared by treating soil samples with varying concentrations of Copper (ll) sulphatepentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) where three levels of CuSO4.5H2O (50, 100 & 200 mg/kg soil) treatments were formulated along with control. A significant decrease in soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities was observed in all treatments.","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88268373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.15
Kaavya Jayaramayya, L. Anand, V. Balachandar, Mahalaxmi Iyer, K. Santhy
Ampulla of vater carcinomas (AVCs) are malignancies that occur in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. AVCs mainly remain asymptomatic until the more advanced stages of tumor, making it imperative to identify early diagnostic tools. In addition to this, it is pertinent to also understand the factors that may contribute to cancer progression. In this study, we have collected paraffin embedded tissues from 38 AVC patients and blood samples from 38 controls to study the mutational profile of NRAS in AVCs. In addition to this, general characteristics such as tumor size, stage, differentiation and tumor subtype were taken into account in this study. The lifestyle factors were obtained from the patients and the controls were matched accordingly. We observed no mutations in the NRAS gene in our cohort. Studies with a larger cohort are necessary to better understand the mutational profile of AVCs to provide better therapeutic and treatment options. More research is essential in this area to pinpoint the molecular landscape of AVCs
{"title":"Absence of NRAS Mutations in Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma","authors":"Kaavya Jayaramayya, L. Anand, V. Balachandar, Mahalaxmi Iyer, K. Santhy","doi":"10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.15","url":null,"abstract":"Ampulla of vater carcinomas (AVCs) are malignancies that occur in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. AVCs mainly remain asymptomatic until the more advanced stages of tumor, making it imperative to identify early diagnostic tools. In addition to this, it is pertinent to also understand the factors that may contribute to cancer progression. In this study, we have collected paraffin embedded tissues from 38 AVC patients and blood samples from 38 controls to study the mutational profile of NRAS in AVCs. In addition to this, general characteristics such as tumor size, stage, differentiation and tumor subtype were taken into account in this study. The lifestyle factors were obtained from the patients and the controls were matched accordingly. We observed no mutations in the NRAS gene in our cohort. Studies with a larger cohort are necessary to better understand the mutational profile of AVCs to provide better therapeutic and treatment options. More research is essential in this area to pinpoint the molecular landscape of AVCs","PeriodicalId":22107,"journal":{"name":"Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82526670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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