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In Silico and in Vivo Investigations of Bioagent Helicoverpa Nucleopolyhedrovirus against Helicoverpa armigera in Chickpea 鹰嘴豆Helicoverpa核多角体病毒生物制剂对棉铃虫的体内和计算机研究
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.02
Ritu Srivastava, A. C. Shukla
During investigations; homology model of 3D-structure was built for sequence of polyhedrin protein of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, containing 246 amino acids (Accession: ACI05106.1 GI: 205946055), and evaluated through multiple tools/ applications to judge extent of accuracy in light of existing crystal structure. Further, in vivo experiments were conducted and determined response of different adjuvants with HaNPV and their efficacy. The pooled mean mortality of larvae exposed to virus mixed with 5% green tea and 5% rice bran filtrates (8.3 larvae per 25 plants) was differ significantly from control (15.8 larvae per 25 plants), suggesting that UV protectants & diet enhancer (mannitol) has ability to protect stability of virulence of the virus, under field conditions. The minimum percent pod damage of 8.6% and maximum yield of 1604.8 Kg ha-1 at harvesting was recorded with formulation of indigenous BHA virus isolate @ 2.2 x 105 POBs mL-1 mixed with Roket @50 ppm; followed by formulation with mannitol (@ 1% + green tea 5% + 5% rice bran filtrates) with percent pod damage of 16.8 % and yield of 1045.8 Kg ha-1 of chickpea. Furthermore, in vitro toxicity of fresh virus suspension @ 250 mL ha-1 was recorded more toxic in terms of percent mortality and LT50 (5.65 days). However, three months stored HaNPV formulations [(A) mannitol @ 1%+ green tea@ 5% and (B) mannitol @ 1% + green tea 5% + 5% rice bran filtrates] were more effective in larval reduction with LT50 of 7.89 and 6.00 days, respectively. Virus mixed with 5% green tea and 5% rice bran filtrates gave stability to formulation up-to one year with LT50 of 7.64 days. Findings showed that HaNPV formulations with mannitol (B) have potential that can be used in integrated manner with other IPM practices, to reduce the use of toxic synthetic pesticides in chickpea.
在调查;对含有246个氨基酸的棉铃虫多角体病毒多面蛋白序列(Accession: ACI05106.1 GI: 205946055)建立三维结构的同源性模型,并结合已有的晶体结构,通过多种工具/应用程序评估其准确性程度。进一步进行了体内实验,确定了不同佐剂对HaNPV的反应和疗效。与对照(15.8只/ 25株)相比,暴露于5%绿茶和5%米糠滤液混合的病毒的总平均死亡率(8.3只/ 25株)有显著差异,表明紫外线保护剂和日粮增强剂(甘露醇)在田间条件下具有保护病毒毒力稳定的能力。采用本地BHA病毒分离液(2.2 x 105 POBs mL-1)与Roket (50 ppm)混合配制,收获时荚果损失率最低为8.6%,产量最高为1604.8 Kg ha-1;其次是甘露醇(@ 1% +绿茶5% + 5%米糠滤液)配方,豆荚损坏率为16.8%,鹰嘴豆产量为1045.8 Kg hm -1。此外,新鲜病毒悬浮液@ 250 mL ha-1的体外毒性在死亡率百分比和LT50(5.65天)方面记录了更高的毒性。然而,储存3个月的HaNPV配方[(A)甘露醇@ 1%+绿茶@ 5%和(B)甘露醇@ 1%+绿茶5% + 5%米糠滤液]对幼虫的减少效果更好,LT50分别为7.89和6.00天。病毒与5%绿茶和5%米糠滤液混合后,配方稳定性长达一年,LT50为7.64天。研究结果表明,含有甘露醇(B)的HaNPV配方具有与其他IPM方法结合使用的潜力,可以减少鹰嘴豆中有毒合成农药的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Future Selection 未来选择的改进布谷鸟搜索算法
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.14
T. Mathi Murugan, E. Baburaj
The classification of high-dimensional dataset is challenging as it contains large amount irrelevant and noisy features. Thus, feature selection is performed in the dataset to eliminate these redundant features. It reduces the dimensionality of the dataset and increases the classification accuracy. Hence, for selecting the relevant features in high dimensional data, an improved cuckoo search algorithm (ICSA) was proposed in this paper. After feature selection, the dataset undergo classification using KNN classifier and SVM classifier. The experimental process illustrates that the improved cuckoo search algorithm effectively increases the classification accuracy by reducing the number of features in the dataset. For analysing the proposed algorithm, seven UCI repository dataset have been utilised. Also, the ICS algorithm is compared with other existing algorithms for the given dataset. From the investigation process, it was concluded that the proposed algorithm selects lesser number of features and also enhances the classification accuracy than the other existing algorithms.
由于高维数据集包含大量的不相关和噪声特征,因此对高维数据集的分类具有挑战性。因此,在数据集中进行特征选择以消除这些冗余特征。它降低了数据集的维数,提高了分类精度。为此,本文提出了一种改进的杜鹃搜索算法(ICSA),用于高维数据中相关特征的选取。特征选择完成后,使用KNN分类器和SVM分类器对数据集进行分类。实验过程表明,改进的布谷鸟搜索算法通过减少数据集中的特征数量,有效地提高了分类精度。为了分析所提出的算法,使用了七个UCI存储库数据集。同时,针对给定的数据集,将ICS算法与其他现有算法进行了比较。从研究过程中可以看出,与其他现有算法相比,该算法选择的特征数量较少,分类精度也有所提高。
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引用次数: 0
Cardinal Metrics in Blockchain Functioning 区块链功能中的基本指标
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.16
Anupam Tiwari, Usha Batra
Blockchain technology has been acquiring pace in deployments and implementations across globe vide association with large number of domains apart from widely known finance domain. These deployments are variegated in designs, have various architectures and possess functional differences. The commonality exists in deriving the benefits of blockchain technology through various technical variants of the widely known bitcoin blockchain architecture. Though still in evolving stage, the blockchain technology has been able to make an absolute mark in the industries, corporate and governance mechanisms to affirm that it’s part of a definite future. With devices estimate up to 50 billion in ecosystem of Internet-of-Things by 2025, the blockchain technology is soon going to be an integral part of future smart world. The deployment of any blockchain architecture might be able to accomplish the functional requirements as per design but the measurement of desired blockchain performance persists on a lot of parameters which need a balance and fine tuning established on purpose it has been designed for. In current times, transaction commit delays are being observed in bitcoin ecosystem. This paper identifies parameter effects on a bitcoin blockchain and measures the performance vide a bitcoin simulator effecting into tuning parameters like block size, blocks and number of nodes to analyze performance. The tuning effects into blockchain performance has been quantified, analyzed and discussed with focus on measuring and reducing the transaction propagation delays in a bitcoin environment. The paper concludes with heat map modeling plotted on Jupyter notebook with datasets derived.
除了众所周知的金融领域之外,区块链技术在全球范围内的部署和实施已经取得了进展。这些部署在设计上是多样化的,具有不同的体系结构,并且具有不同的功能。通过众所周知的比特币区块链架构的各种技术变体来获得区块链技术的好处存在共性。尽管区块链技术仍处于发展阶段,但它已经能够在行业、公司和治理机制中留下绝对的印记,证实它是确定未来的一部分。到2025年,物联网生态系统的设备估计将达到500亿,区块链技术很快将成为未来智能世界不可或缺的一部分。任何区块链架构的部署都可能能够按照设计完成功能需求,但所需区块链性能的测量仍然依赖于许多参数,这些参数需要平衡和微调。当前,比特币生态系统中出现了交易提交延迟的现象。本文确定了参数对比特币区块链的影响,并通过比特币模拟器测量性能,通过调整区块大小、区块和节点数量等参数来分析性能。对区块链性能的调整效果进行了量化、分析和讨论,重点是在比特币环境中测量和减少交易传播延迟。最后在Jupyter笔记本上绘制了热图模型,并导出了数据集。
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引用次数: 0
In-vitro Study on the Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) for the Control of the Indian Cabbage White, Pieris canidia 昆虫病原线虫(异habditidae和Steinernematidae)防治印度大白菜白病菌(Pieris canidia)的体外研究
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.18
H. Lalramnghaki, Lalram liana, V. Liana, Vanlalhlim puia, H. Lalremsanga, S. T. Lalzarzovi
Pieris canidia is one of the serious pests of cruciferous crops causing extensive damage to agricultural crops. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) therefore represent ideal candidates for biological control of the pest. In this study, the efficacy of four indigenous EPNs species, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis baujardi, Steinernema sangi, and Steinernema surkhetense from Mizoram was evaluated against P. canidia under laboratory condition. Different concentrations of nematodes, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 infective juveniles per larva (IJs/larva) were used to evaluate larval mortality rate, host penetration rate, and progeny production in insect cadaver. All the four EPN species showed high pathogenicity against the pest for different nematode concentrations and observation periods. At a concentration of 200 IJs/larva, cent percent mortality of the pest was recorded at 72 hr post-incubation for S. surkhetense, 96 hr for S. sangi and H. indica, and 120 hr post-incubation for H. baujardi. Based on the values of LC50 and LT50, H. indica was the most pathogenic among the four nematode species while S. sangi was the least pathogenic. After 24 hr of incubation, the LC50 values of H. indica, H. baujardi, S. surkhetense, and S. sangi were 88.60, 98.29, 113.26 and 95.61 IJs/larva, respectively. At 10 IJs/larva, the LT50 values of H. indica, H. baujardi, S. sangi, and S. surkhetense were 88.12, 90.69, 88.102.30, and 88.11 hr, respectively. The study also disclosed that all the four EPN species successfully infect the pest and showed high rate of penetration into the host. Furthermore, all the nematode isolates were capable of producing large numbers of IJs in larval cadaver of P. canidia that significantly varies between the EPN species. The isolate H. baujardi produced the highest number of IJs followed by H. indica, S. surkhetense, and S. sangi. Our findings therefore reveal that all the four EPN isolates have the potential to be developed as biological control agents for P. canidia.
蚤是十字花科作物的严重害虫之一,对农作物造成广泛危害。因此,昆虫病原线虫(epn)是生物防治害虫的理想候选者。在实验室条件下,研究了米佐拉姆邦4种本地EPNs——印度异芽孢杆菌(Heterorhabditis indica)、包氏异芽孢杆菌(Heterorhabditis baujardi)、桑氏异芽孢杆菌(steinerma sangi)和苏氏异芽孢杆菌(steinerma surkhetense)对假单胞菌的抑菌效果。采用10、25、50、100和200条感染幼虫/幼虫(IJs/幼虫)不同浓度测定昆虫尸体上的幼虫死亡率、寄主渗透率和后代产生量。4种EPN在不同的线虫浓度和观察期均表现出较高的致病性。在200 IJs/幼虫的浓度下,苏氏弧菌孵育72小时,桑氏弧菌和印度弧菌孵育96小时,包氏弧菌孵育120小时的死亡率为100%。从LC50和LT50的值来看,4种线虫中印度僵菌的致病性最强,桑氏僵菌的致病性最低。孵育24 h后,印度伊蚊、包氏伊蚊、苏氏伊蚊和桑吉伊蚊的LC50值分别为88.60、98.29、113.26和95.61 IJs/幼虫。在10 IJs/幼虫时,籼稻丝蛾、鲍家氏丝蛾、桑吉氏丝蛾和苏氏丝蛾的LT50值分别为88.12、90.69、88.102.30和88.11 hr。研究还发现,4种EPN均能成功感染害虫,并表现出较高的渗透率。此外,所有的线虫分离株都能在假单胞虫的幼虫尸体中产生大量的ij,这在不同的EPN物种之间存在显著差异。以包氏弧菌最多,其次为印度弧菌、苏氏弧菌和桑吉弧菌。因此,我们的研究结果表明,所有四种EPN分离株都有潜力开发为假单胞菌的生物防治剂。
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引用次数: 0
Satellite-Signal Dependence on Rain and Atmospheric Temperature 卫星信号对降雨和大气温度的依赖
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.08
Ravindra Naithani, Thaisa Jawhly, R. Tiwari
In this paper, we present the Ku band signal strength relationship with rain rate and temperature. The correlation analysis of rain intensity with signal data indicates that rain rate negatively impacts the Ku band link while the atmospheric temperature has a strong positive correlation with the received signal strength. The statistical analysis showed that both temperature and rain intensity significantly influenced the received-signal strength data. This study is a preliminary analysis and aims to draw the association between a Ku band signal with rain intensity and temperature.
本文给出了Ku波段信号强度与降雨率和温度的关系。降雨强度与信号的相关分析表明,降雨率对Ku波段链路有负相关,而大气温度与接收到的信号强度有较强的正相关。统计分析表明,温度和雨强对接收信号强度数据有显著影响。本研究是一个初步的分析,旨在得出Ku波段信号与雨强和温度之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Sorption of Rhodamine B Dye onto Bentonite Clay-silane Composite Materials 膨润土-硅烷复合材料对罗丹明B染料的吸附
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.20
R. Malsawmdawngzela, T. liana, D. Tiwari
The aim of this communication is to assess the sorption behavior of silanes grafted bentonite composite materials for Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution. The nanocomposites were synthesized by functionalization of the bentonite with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane under inert atmosphere. The batch experimental data indicated that the composite materials showed high percentage removal of RhB over a wide pH range, i.e., pH ~4.0 to 10.0. A high percentage removal of RhB was achieved within the concentrations studied from 1.0 to 25.0 mgL-1. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm were obtained using equilibrium state sorption data. The equilibrium sorption was attained within 180 min of contact and the kinetic model best fitted the pseudo-second-order model. Further, the change in background electrolyte (NaCl) concentrations from 0.0001 to 0.1molL-1 NaCl and the presence of co-existing ions do not significantly affect the sorption of RhB by the composite sorbents except for EDTA.
本通讯的目的是评估硅烷接枝膨润土复合材料从水溶液中吸附罗丹明B (RhB)的行为。在惰性气氛下,将膨润土与3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷进行功能化,合成了纳米复合材料。批量实验数据表明,复合材料在pH ~4.0 ~ 10.0的较宽pH范围内对RhB有较高的去除率。在1.0 ~ 25.0 mg -1的浓度范围内,RhB的去除率很高。利用平衡态吸附数据得到Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线。吸附在接触后180 min内达到平衡,动力学模型最符合准二阶模型。此外,除了EDTA外,背景电解质(NaCl)浓度从0.0001到0.1mol -1 NaCl的变化以及共存离子的存在对复合吸附剂对RhB的吸附没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 1
DNA Barcoding Reveals Intra-Species Genetic Diversity of Amphiesma stolatum DNA条形码技术揭示白菖蒲种内遗传多样性
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.17
Lalbiak zuala, H. Lalremsanga, Lalrin sanga, Lalmuan sanga, M. Vabeiryureilai, Romal sawma
Amphiesma stolatum is a widely distributed snake species. But the intra-species genetic information is still limited from India. This paper provides the first-time barcode data of A. stolatum (cox1 and 16s rRNA) sampled from Mizoram State, India. We compare the newly generated sequences with the conspecies sequences from the Indo-Malayan region, and establishes its phylogenetic relationship with its sister genera. We diagnosed a total of five haplotypes from the cox1 gene fragment with 0.844 and 0.004 as the haplotype diversity (hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi), respectively. The specimens from Mizoram showed a Kimura 2 parameter genetic distance of 0.21% (16s rRNA) and 1.05–1.22% (cox1) with the sequences from Guangdong Province, China; 1.22% (cox1) with the sequences from Hubei Province, China; 0.87–1.05% (cox1) with that from Taiwan; 8.05% with the specimen vouchered in the Natural History Museum, London. The mean intra-specific K2P distances are 4% and 0.36% in 16s rRNA and cox1, respectively. We also contribute new distributional records and elevational range, with notes on additional morphological data and occurrence of the two distinct morphs in Mizoram, Northeast India.
蛇是一种分布广泛的蛇种。但是来自印度的种内遗传信息仍然有限。本文首次采集了印度米佐拉姆邦稻花楸属植物cox1和16s rRNA的条形码数据。我们将新生成的序列与来自印度-马来亚地区的同种序列进行了比较,并建立了其与其姊妹属的系统发育关系。从cox1基因片段共诊断出5个单倍型,单倍型多样性(hd)和核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.844和0.004。来自米佐拉姆邦的标本与中国广东省的木村2参数遗传距离分别为0.21% (16s rRNA)和1.05 ~ 1.22% (cox1);1.22% (cox1)来自中国湖北省;0.87-1.05% (cox1)与台湾同源;8.05%与伦敦自然历史博物馆担保的标本。16s rRNA和cox1的平均种内K2P距离分别为4%和0.36%。我们还提供了新的分布记录和海拔范围,并记录了印度东北部米佐拉姆邦的其他形态数据和两种不同变种的发生情况。
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引用次数: 0
Some Results and Examples on The Relation of Leray Equivalent and (Strong) Shift Equivalent 关于Leray等价与(强)移位等价关系的一些结果和例子
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.11
Sainkupar Mn Mawiong
Using the concept of Leray functor and the way it is used to define the Cohomological Conley index, we define Leray equivalent, Leray shift equivalent, Leray elementary strong shift equivalent and Leray strong shift equivalent. We established their relationship with shift equivalent, strong shift equivalent and elementary strong shift equivalent. Then, we show that in the setting of Artinian and Noetherian module Leray equivalent implies strong shift equivalent.
利用Leray函子的概念及其定义上同调Conley指标的方法,定义了Leray等价、Leray移位等价、Leray初等强移位等价和Leray强移位等价。建立了它们与移位等价、强移位等价和初等强移位等价的关系。然后,我们证明了在Artinian和Noetherian模的情况下,Leray等价意味着强位移等价。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Copper Contamination on Soil Physico-chemical Properties, Microbial Population and Enzyme Activities 铜污染对土壤理化性质、微生物种群和酶活性的影响
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.04
Remruattluanga Hnamte, Tbc Laldingliangi, H. Lalruatsanga, R. Lalfakzuala
Heavy metals are known for their phytotoxicity and commonly used in agrochemicals to control plant pathogens. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil may occur through extensive use of heavy metal-based agrochemicals over time or from industrial pollution. However, this study was focussed on the immediate effect of the heavy metal, Copper (Cu) contamination on soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities (viz. acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, urease & dehydrogenase). Soil with graded doses of Cu was prepared by treating soil samples with varying concentrations of Copper (ll) sulphatepentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) where three levels of CuSO4.5H2O (50, 100 & 200 mg/kg soil) treatments were formulated along with control. A significant decrease in soil microbial population and soil enzyme activities was observed in all treatments.
重金属以其植物毒性而闻名,通常用于农用化学品中以控制植物病原体。重金属在土壤中的积累可能是由于长期大量使用重金属农用化学品或工业污染造成的。然而,本研究的重点是重金属、铜(Cu)污染对土壤微生物种群和土壤酶活性(酸性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和脱氢酶)的直接影响。采用不同浓度的硫五水合物铜(cuo4.5 h2o)处理土壤样品,制备了分级剂量铜的土壤,其中CuSO4.5H2O(50、100和200 mg/kg土壤)处理水平与对照一起配制。各处理土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性均显著降低。
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引用次数: 0
Absence of NRAS Mutations in Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma 壶腹癌无NRAS突变
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.15
Kaavya Jayaramayya, L. Anand, V. Balachandar, Mahalaxmi Iyer, K. Santhy
Ampulla of vater carcinomas (AVCs) are malignancies that occur in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. AVCs mainly remain asymptomatic until the more advanced stages of tumor, making it imperative to identify early diagnostic tools. In addition to this, it is pertinent to also understand the factors that may contribute to cancer progression. In this study, we have collected paraffin embedded tissues from 38 AVC patients and blood samples from 38 controls to study the mutational profile of NRAS in AVCs. In addition to this, general characteristics such as tumor size, stage, differentiation and tumor subtype were taken into account in this study. The lifestyle factors were obtained from the patients and the controls were matched accordingly. We observed no mutations in the NRAS gene in our cohort. Studies with a larger cohort are necessary to better understand the mutational profile of AVCs to provide better therapeutic and treatment options. More research is essential in this area to pinpoint the molecular landscape of AVCs
壶腹水癌(AVCs)是发生在胃肠道的恶性肿瘤。AVCs主要保持无症状,直到较晚期的肿瘤,使其必须确定早期诊断工具。除此之外,了解可能导致癌症进展的因素也是相关的。在本研究中,我们收集了38例AVC患者的石蜡包埋组织和38例对照者的血液样本,以研究AVC中NRAS的突变谱。除此之外,本研究还考虑了肿瘤大小、分期、分化和肿瘤亚型等一般特征。从患者和对照中获得生活方式因素。我们观察到在我们的队列中没有NRAS基因突变。为了更好地了解AVCs的突变特征,提供更好的治疗和治疗选择,有必要进行更大规模的研究。在这一领域需要进行更多的研究,以确定AVCs的分子结构
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引用次数: 0
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Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal
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