Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.35603/eps2020/issue2.01
P. Mertuszka, Marcin Szumny, Krzysztof Fuławka, Stanislav Nikolov
The efficiency of drilling and blasting operations can be assessed in different ways, depending on the desired effect. The evaluation can be performed on the basis of the quality of the explosives applied for rock extraction. On the other hand, the correct assessment should include the results of drilling and blasting works. One of the parameters that are commonly used in the quality assessment of explosives is the on-site testing of the detonation velocity, which is a direct indicator of the efficiency of explosives. The quality of explosives is essential for the appropriate blasting process and should be subjected to regular verification by means of measurements under different site conditions. Since in most cases the excavated rock must be transported from the blasting site to another location, one of the main parameters that can be used for drilling and blasting operations assessment is fragmentation analysis. It may be done using various image-based particles sizing software. The article presents selected methods that can be applied for the evaluation of blasting works efficiency, including measurements of detonation velocity as well as fragmentation analysis based on photogrammetric methods.
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF MINE BLASTING EFFICIENCY","authors":"P. Mertuszka, Marcin Szumny, Krzysztof Fuławka, Stanislav Nikolov","doi":"10.35603/eps2020/issue2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35603/eps2020/issue2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of drilling and blasting operations can be assessed in different ways, depending on the desired effect. The evaluation can be performed on the basis of the quality of the explosives applied for rock extraction. On the other hand, the correct assessment should include the results of drilling and blasting works. One of the parameters that are commonly used in the quality assessment of explosives is the on-site testing of the detonation velocity, which is a direct indicator of the efficiency of explosives. The quality of explosives is essential for the appropriate blasting process and should be subjected to regular verification by means of measurements under different site conditions. Since in most cases the excavated rock must be transported from the blasting site to another location, one of the main parameters that can be used for drilling and blasting operations assessment is fragmentation analysis. It may be done using various image-based particles sizing software. The article presents selected methods that can be applied for the evaluation of blasting works efficiency, including measurements of detonation velocity as well as fragmentation analysis based on photogrammetric methods.","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75897363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.5593/sgem2019v/1.4/s02.037
A. Constantin
The aim of the present paper is to test intensity attenuation relationships for subcrustal earthquakes occurred in Vrancea (Romania) seismogenic zone in relation with some important dams situated in extra-Carpathian area. During centuries, the Romanian territory has been shaken by strong earthquakes, most of them being centered within Vrancea Zone, which is situated at the bending area of the South-Eastern Carpathians. Most of the zones from extra-Carpathian area are affected by the subcrustal seismic events, where many hydro-technical structures exist, being also exposed to earthquakes action. A detailed analysis of the intensity attenuation laws developed for subcrustal seismic sources was performed using the most recent and complete intensity datasets. We use an extended and combined intensity data including historical and modern, qualitative and quantitative data, i.e. a number of 11 earthquakes occurred during the period 1738-2009 with epicentral/maximum intensities ranging from VII-X MSK degrees, and magnitude Mw from 5.4 to 7.9. All the input data used for testing are resulted after the reevaluation and evaluation of the macroseismic effects produced by the seismic events included in the present study (8697 IDP). The selected attenuation laws were tested for different values of epicentral intensity and with reference to twelve and twenty four azimuthal directions. Besides the testing of the relationships, isoseismal maps based on the selected attenuation laws were accomplished, associated to the biggest possible earthquake (worst scenario) for the Vrancea subcrustal zone, also highlighting the calculated intensities in the selected dam sites. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods.
本文的目的是测试在弗朗切(罗马尼亚)发震带发生的与喀尔巴阡山脉外地区一些重要大坝有关的地壳下地震的强度衰减关系。几个世纪以来，罗马尼亚领土一直受到强烈地震的震动，其中大多数地震集中在弗朗西亚地区，该地区位于喀尔巴阡山脉东南部的弯曲地区。喀尔巴阡山脉外大部分地区受地壳下地震事件的影响，那里存在许多水利工程结构，也受到地震作用的影响。利用最新和完整的强度数据集，对地壳下震源的强度衰减规律进行了详细分析。我们使用扩展和综合强度数据，包括历史和现代，定性和定量数据，即1738-2009年期间发生的11次地震，震中/最大强度范围为7 - x MSK度，震级为5.4至7.9级。所有用于测试的输入数据都是在对本研究(8697 IDP)中包含的地震事件产生的宏观地震效应进行重新评估和评价后得出的。选取的衰减规律在不同震源强度值下，参照12和24个方位进行了测试。除了对这些关系进行检验外，还完成了基于所选衰减规律的等震图，与Vrancea地壳下带可能发生的最大地震(最坏情况)相关联，并突出显示了所选坝址的计算强度。简要说明研究和使用的方法。简要说明研究和使用的方法。
{"title":"TESTING THE MACROSEISMIC INTENSITY ATTENUATION RELATIONSHIPS FOR VRANCEA (ROMANIA) SUBCRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES IN RELATION WITH DAMS SITUATED IN EXTRA-CARPATHIAN AREA","authors":"A. Constantin","doi":"10.5593/sgem2019v/1.4/s02.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019v/1.4/s02.037","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present paper is to test intensity attenuation relationships for subcrustal earthquakes occurred in Vrancea (Romania) seismogenic zone in relation with some important dams situated in extra-Carpathian area. During centuries, the Romanian territory has been shaken by strong earthquakes, most of them being centered within Vrancea Zone, which is situated at the bending area of the South-Eastern Carpathians. Most of the zones from extra-Carpathian area are affected by the subcrustal seismic events, where many hydro-technical structures exist, being also exposed to earthquakes action. A detailed analysis of the intensity attenuation laws developed for subcrustal seismic sources was performed using the most recent and complete intensity datasets. We use an extended and combined intensity data including historical and modern, qualitative and quantitative data, i.e. a number of 11 earthquakes occurred during the period 1738-2009 with epicentral/maximum intensities ranging from VII-X MSK degrees, and magnitude Mw from 5.4 to 7.9. All the input data used for testing are resulted after the reevaluation and evaluation of the macroseismic effects produced by the seismic events included in the present study (8697 IDP). The selected attenuation laws were tested for different values of epicentral intensity and with reference to twelve and twenty four azimuthal directions. Besides the testing of the relationships, isoseismal maps based on the selected attenuation laws were accomplished, associated to the biggest possible earthquake (worst scenario) for the Vrancea subcrustal zone, also highlighting the calculated intensities in the selected dam sites. Brief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used methods.","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89931339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.35603/eps2019/issue2.01
Mazurkiewicz Jakub, D. Janczak, D. Wojcieszak, Sebastian Kujawiak, P. Zakrzewski
Especially in non-urbanized areas there is a need to use various waste products, e.g. from agriculture, households, etc. New products that are created in a simple way should be able to be used many times without the use of complicated and expensive technology. This article presents the potential of biochar used in wastewater treatment processes and sludge management in small installations - for the maximum maintained number of users equal to 50. The possibilities of two substances used in sewage management processes, such as char and biochar will be presented. These substances, produced from pyrolysis, are stable carbon-rich compounds which have various beneficial applications like soil conditioning, remediation and wastewater treatment. In particular, biochar originating from wastewater sludge pyrolysis, possible to be generated at the place of formation, was taken into account. In addition, ways to increase the reliability of the treatment plant with biochar based filters are described.
{"title":"BIOCHAR AS AN ECO-ADDITION IN WASTEWATER AND WASTEWATER SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESSES IN NON-URBANIZED AREAS","authors":"Mazurkiewicz Jakub, D. Janczak, D. Wojcieszak, Sebastian Kujawiak, P. Zakrzewski","doi":"10.35603/eps2019/issue2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35603/eps2019/issue2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Especially in non-urbanized areas there is a need to use various waste products, e.g. from agriculture, households, etc. New products that are created in a simple way should be able to be used many times without the use of complicated and expensive technology. \u0000This article presents the potential of biochar used in wastewater treatment processes and sludge management in small installations - for the maximum maintained number of users equal to 50. The possibilities of two substances used in sewage management processes, such as char and biochar will be presented. These substances, produced from pyrolysis, are stable carbon-rich compounds which have various beneficial applications like soil conditioning, remediation and wastewater treatment. In particular, biochar originating from wastewater sludge pyrolysis, possible to be generated at the place of formation, was taken into account. In addition, ways to increase the reliability of the treatment plant with biochar based filters are described.","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91125502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.35603/eps2019/issue2.03
P. K. Gupta, R. Verma, M. Frolova, A. Ayzenshtadt
Recent developments in the existing molecular genetic tools have augmented our current understanding towards the deleterious effects of nanoparticles on human health. During building construction, the rapid generation of nanoparticles has greatly affected to human with severe toxicity by generating free radicals inside their body as potential health hazards. However, there is still need of analyzing nanoparticle toxicity based on the type of microbial diversity present on surface and its potential impacts on human health. In this study, we used rocks as raw material collected from Arkhangelsk (arctic) region of Russia and fabricated into particles of nanometer range in size by planetary ball milling. The paper presents data of the elemental composition on the basis of which the value of the specific mass energy of atomization of the raw material of the rock was calculated. The energy parameters of the micro- and nanosystems of the sample were calculated: free surface energy and surface activity. These nanoparticles were showing minimal cytotoxicity to human embryonic kidney cells in a dose-dependent manner. The high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to perform 16S rRNA metagenomic study for determining the type of microbial diversity present on nanoparticle’s surface. The first highest abundance was found for actinobacteria at phylum taxonomic level indicating a population of gram + ve bacteria having economic importance to human. The second highest abundance was seen for proteobacteria at similar taxonomic level exhibiting population of gram - ve bacteria causing pathogenicity in human. The highest abundance of top 25 microbial species was also discussed in this study. In future, this metagenomic study will also identify other microbial species based on 18S rRNA sequencing.
{"title":"HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL POPULATIONS IN ARCTIC ROCK SAMPLE","authors":"P. K. Gupta, R. Verma, M. Frolova, A. Ayzenshtadt","doi":"10.35603/eps2019/issue2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35603/eps2019/issue2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in the existing molecular genetic tools have augmented our current understanding towards the deleterious effects of nanoparticles on human health. During building construction, the rapid generation of nanoparticles has greatly affected to human with severe toxicity by generating free radicals inside their body as potential health hazards. However, there is still need of analyzing nanoparticle toxicity based on the type of microbial diversity present on surface and its potential impacts on human health. In this study, we used rocks as raw material collected from Arkhangelsk (arctic) region of Russia and fabricated into particles of nanometer range in size by planetary ball milling. The paper presents data of the elemental composition on the basis of which the value of the specific mass energy of atomization of the raw material of the rock was calculated. The energy parameters of the micro- and nanosystems of the sample were calculated: free surface energy and surface activity. \u0000These nanoparticles were showing minimal cytotoxicity to human embryonic kidney cells in a dose-dependent manner. The high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to perform 16S rRNA metagenomic study for determining the type of microbial diversity present on nanoparticle’s surface. The first highest abundance was found for actinobacteria at phylum taxonomic level indicating a population of gram + ve bacteria having economic importance to human. The second highest abundance was seen for proteobacteria at similar taxonomic level exhibiting population of gram - ve bacteria causing pathogenicity in human. The highest abundance of top 25 microbial species was also discussed in this study. In future, this metagenomic study will also identify other microbial species based on 18S rRNA sequencing.","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87410265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.35603/eps2019/issue2.02
M. Balas, J. Nikolic, R. Lile, M. Popa, Roxana-Mariana Beiu
The paper proposes a new concept of green building, able to oppose the global warming, the Intelligent Rooftop Greenhouse iRTG, as a development of the Integrated Rooftop Greenhouse IRTG. Our approach is to replace conventional roofs with IRTGs, which are constructively connected with the interior of the building by flows of energy, gazes (mainly O2 enriched air from RTG to building and CO2 enriched air from building to RTG) and water in order to improve the building’s metabolism. A tight human-plant symbiosis is created such way. iRTGs perfect this architecture by actively controlling the energy, gazes and water flows, by collecting the available renewable energy resources (geothermal, sun, wind) and by adding Internet of Things IOT features to the system, in order to connect it to a surrounding Smart City. This way iRTGs may achieve an efficient integrated management of energy, gases and water, using just existing technologies: heat pumps (water to water for building’s basement and air to air for greenhouse), solar panels, IOT equipment, etc., controlled in a smart/intelligent manner. If a Smart City is composed mostly of iRTG buildings it becomes a Smart Green Skyline City, with low carbon footprint and high carbon offset. The paper provides a mathematical iRTG model.
{"title":"INTELLIGENT ROOFTOP GREENHOUSES AND GREEN SKYLINE CITIES","authors":"M. Balas, J. Nikolic, R. Lile, M. Popa, Roxana-Mariana Beiu","doi":"10.35603/eps2019/issue2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35603/eps2019/issue2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a new concept of green building, able to oppose the global warming, the Intelligent Rooftop Greenhouse iRTG, as a development of the Integrated Rooftop Greenhouse IRTG. Our approach is to replace conventional roofs with IRTGs, which are constructively connected with the interior of the building by flows of energy, gazes (mainly O2 enriched air from RTG to building and CO2 enriched air from building to RTG) and water in order to improve the building’s metabolism. A tight human-plant symbiosis is created such way. iRTGs perfect this architecture by actively controlling the energy, gazes and water flows, by collecting the available renewable energy resources (geothermal, sun, wind) and by adding Internet of Things IOT features to the system, in order to connect it to a surrounding Smart City. This way iRTGs may achieve an efficient integrated management of energy, gases and water, using just existing technologies: heat pumps (water to water for building’s basement and air to air for greenhouse), solar panels, IOT equipment, etc., controlled in a smart/intelligent manner. If a Smart City is composed mostly of iRTG buildings it becomes a Smart Green Skyline City, with low carbon footprint and high carbon offset. The paper provides a mathematical iRTG model.","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73030750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-20DOI: 10.5593/sgem2019/2.2/s11.090
N. D. Mateciuc
The studies for Recent Crustal Movements by the aid of space geodesy techniques are integrated into the researches on the Earth’s crust dynamics, as a reflection of the complex geodynamic phenomena that occur in the crust and in the subcrustal lithosphere. In addition to the fundamental nature, the research in this field presents a practical characteristic, competing alongside geology and geophysics to the shaping of new energy sources or solid mineral substances, to the determination of the soil stability degree in inhabited areas or in those in which large industrial targets and utilities are intended to be placed in. The knowledge of movements affecting the Earth’s upper crust, movements that precede, accompany or follow the earthquakes, is also a topical issue. The paper presents some of the most important research projects developed in Romania, which were based on the measurement data obtained exclusively by space geodesy methods. There are presented some of the most significant results achieved in the framework of each research project together with the limitations imposed by the used acquisition technology. In chronological order are mentioned first GPS measurements in Romania, started in 1994, in a network centered on the Dealul Piscului observatory, followed by Romania's involvement in a regional geodynamic project, CERGOP and finally a major international project, CRC461, also continued after 2003 with the continuous help of the University of Delft (Nederland), a project that led to the development of an extended network of GPS permanent stations in Romania, all in operating status and whose results are a valuable support for the geodynamic studies. There are made brief references to the first application of the Finite Element Method in a GPS subnet from the Vrancea extended network together with some of the most important obtained results. The strong earthquakes with their catastrophic consequences, which have taken place in recent years on a global scale, similar to that of 4 March 1977 in Romania, have fully demonstrated the need for the knowledge of these types of crust movements in order to contribute, together with other methods, to solve the very complex problem of the earthquake forecasting.
{"title":"APPLICATIONS OF SPACE GEODESY METHODS IN ROMANIA","authors":"N. D. Mateciuc","doi":"10.5593/sgem2019/2.2/s11.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/2.2/s11.090","url":null,"abstract":"The studies for Recent Crustal Movements by the aid of space geodesy techniques are integrated into the researches on the Earth’s crust dynamics, as a reflection of the complex geodynamic phenomena that occur in the crust and in the subcrustal lithosphere. In addition to the fundamental nature, the research in this field presents a practical characteristic, competing alongside geology and geophysics to the shaping of new energy sources or solid mineral substances, to the determination of the soil stability degree in inhabited areas or in those in which large industrial targets and utilities are intended to be placed in. The knowledge of movements affecting the Earth’s upper crust, movements that precede, accompany or follow the earthquakes, is also a topical issue. The paper presents some of the most important research projects developed in Romania, which were based on the measurement data obtained exclusively by space geodesy methods. There are presented some of the most significant results achieved in the framework of each research project together with the limitations imposed by the used acquisition technology. In chronological order are mentioned first GPS measurements in Romania, started in 1994, in a network centered on the Dealul Piscului observatory, followed by Romania's involvement in a regional geodynamic project, CERGOP and finally a major international project, CRC461, also continued after 2003 with the continuous help of the University of Delft (Nederland), a project that led to the development of an extended network of GPS permanent stations in Romania, all in operating status and whose results are a valuable support for the geodynamic studies. There are made brief references to the first application of the Finite Element Method in a GPS subnet from the Vrancea extended network together with some of the most important obtained results. The strong earthquakes with their catastrophic consequences, which have taken place in recent years on a global scale, similar to that of 4 March 1977 in Romania, have fully demonstrated the need for the knowledge of these types of crust movements in order to contribute, together with other methods, to solve the very complex problem of the earthquake forecasting.","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81721042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.05
Dukagjin Leka, Sabiha Shala, Selim Daku
The Republic of Kosovo is one of the newest states in the world. Separated from a former communist federation – Yugoslavia and occupied for over a decade by Serbia, it turned out to be free after a systematic destruction and with great consequences in all respects, including the environment. And of course, being a new state, made Republic of Kosovo to inherit many problems, which were very difficult to solve, while the environmental issues did not even come into the agenda ever to be discussed, which should not have been done as it was. In other words, having many major problems, the environmental issue as to the international community that has governed Kosovo for more than a decade, as well as for Kosovo's institutions itself, has never become an issue of importance to be discussed nor to be protected. Almost same happened in every country, which was under the international community protection, as for them it is the importance of security rather than environment protection in a country, where they are serving and far from their home country. Even after some positive developments in Kosovo's environmental legislation, by adopting the law on environmental protection, by creating a state agency for environmental protection, by creating environmental directorates in municipalities, etc., which developments and steps failed to become successful, because they lacked their implementation in practice, and cases like this were also in Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, etc.. ..
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND HUMAN RIGHT VIOLATION IN REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO","authors":"Dukagjin Leka, Sabiha Shala, Selim Daku","doi":"10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Kosovo is one of the newest states in the world. Separated from a former communist federation – Yugoslavia and occupied for over a decade by Serbia, it turned out to be free after a systematic destruction and with great consequences in all respects, including the environment. And of course, being a new state, made Republic of Kosovo to inherit many problems, which were very difficult to solve, while the environmental issues did not even come into the agenda ever to be discussed, which should not have been done as it was. In other words, having many major problems, the environmental issue as to the international community that has governed Kosovo for more than a decade, as well as for Kosovo's institutions itself, has never become an issue of importance to be discussed nor to be protected. Almost same happened in every country, which was under the international community protection, as for them it is the importance of security rather than environment protection in a country, where they are serving and far from their home country. Even after some positive developments in Kosovo's environmental legislation, by adopting the law on environmental protection, by creating a state agency for environmental protection, by creating environmental directorates in municipalities, etc., which developments and steps failed to become successful, because they lacked their implementation in practice, and cases like this were also in Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, etc.. ..","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84530210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.04
A. Osvalde, G. Cekstere, A. Karlsons, Jolanta Pormale
In Latvia, the first commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantings have been established on a few hectares at the end of the 1990th. Since then, a remarkable growth has noticed and today the total cultivated area reaches 280 hectares. An increasing market demand for fresh and processed berries provides a future upward trend in the development of blueberry crop in Latvia. In general, blueberry is a highly specialized crop that has definite soil agrochemical and climatic requirements. There are two main soil types used for blueberry cultivation in Latvia: well-drained acid sandy soils with high organic matter content and sphagnum peat soils. Evaluation and management of plant mineral nutrition in such diverse soils are based on guidelines for the particular type of growing medium. A long-term study (2006-2017, divided into three periods: 2006-2009, 2010-2013, 2014-2017) was done to find out the nutrient status of blueberry soils in Latvia. In total, 330 mineral and peat soil samples were collected from the upper layer of soils (0 - 20 cm) across blueberry plantations in Latvia and tested on plant available nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B), as well as soil pHKCl and electrical conductivity. In general, more than 50% of blueberry soils had low content of N, S, Mo and B, as well as a high level of Mn over the study period of 2006-2017. Less than 25% of samples in the optimum range indicated on N as the most deficient nutrient.
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY IN LATVIA, 2006-2017","authors":"A. Osvalde, G. Cekstere, A. Karlsons, Jolanta Pormale","doi":"10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.04","url":null,"abstract":"In Latvia, the first commercial highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantings have been established on a few hectares at the end of the 1990th. Since then, a remarkable growth has noticed and today the total cultivated area reaches 280 hectares. An increasing market demand for fresh and processed berries provides a future upward trend in the development of blueberry crop in Latvia. In general, blueberry is a highly specialized crop that has definite soil agrochemical and climatic requirements. There are two main soil types used for blueberry cultivation in Latvia: well-drained acid sandy soils with high organic matter content and sphagnum peat soils. Evaluation and management of plant mineral nutrition in such diverse soils are based on guidelines for the particular type of growing medium. A long-term study (2006-2017, divided into three periods: 2006-2009, 2010-2013, 2014-2017) was done to find out the nutrient status of blueberry soils in Latvia. In total, 330 mineral and peat soil samples were collected from the upper layer of soils (0 - 20 cm) across blueberry plantations in Latvia and tested on plant available nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B), as well as soil pHKCl and electrical conductivity. In general, more than 50% of blueberry soils had low content of N, S, Mo and B, as well as a high level of Mn over the study period of 2006-2017. Less than 25% of samples in the optimum range indicated on N as the most deficient nutrient.","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89998262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.03
M. Awad
In agriculture sector there is need for cheap, fast, and accurate data and technologies to help decision makers to find solutions for many agricultural problems. Many solutions depend significantly on the accuracy and efficiency of the crop mapping and crop yield estimation processes. High resolution spectral remote sensing can improve substantially crop mapping by reducing similarities between different crop types which has similar ecological conditions. This paper presents a new approach of combining a new tool, hyperspectral images and technologies to enhance crop mapping. The tool includes spectral signatures database for the major crops in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin and other important metadata and processing functions. To prove the efficiency of the new approach, major crops such as “winter wheat” and “spring potato” are mapped using the spectral signatures database in the new tool, three different supervised algorithms, and CHRIS-Proba hyperspectral satellite images. The evaluation of the results showed that deploying different hyperspectral data and technologies can improve crop mapping. The improvements can be noticed with the increase of the accuracy to more than 86% with the use of the supervised algorithm Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM).
{"title":"HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING ROLE IN ENHANCING CROP MAPPING: A COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT SUPERVISED SEGMENTATION ALGORITHMS","authors":"M. Awad","doi":"10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.03","url":null,"abstract":"In agriculture sector there is need for cheap, fast, and accurate data and technologies to help decision makers to find solutions for many agricultural problems. Many solutions depend significantly on the accuracy and efficiency of the crop mapping and crop yield estimation processes. High resolution spectral remote sensing can improve substantially crop mapping by reducing similarities between different crop types which has similar ecological conditions. This paper presents a new approach of combining a new tool, hyperspectral images and technologies to enhance crop mapping. The tool includes spectral signatures database for the major crops in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin and other important metadata and processing functions. To prove the efficiency of the new approach, major crops such as “winter wheat” and “spring potato” are mapped using the spectral signatures database in the new tool, three different supervised algorithms, and CHRIS-Proba hyperspectral satellite images. The evaluation of the results showed that deploying different hyperspectral data and technologies can improve crop mapping. The improvements can be noticed with the increase of the accuracy to more than 86% with the use of the supervised algorithm Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM).","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89235156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.06
Susanna Fulop
Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the reality of today’s architecture. Building Information Modelling (BIM) technique is a great opportunity for communication and data management in virtual space. BIM cloud-based collaboration provides up-to-date information, where project data is at the centre of the process and delivered to the point of the work, makes building workflows more efficient and effective, especially combined with the representational, analytic, and reality capture capabilities. The powerful computer hardware and software can store, transmit and evaluate huge amount of information, but this virtual universe sometimes seems to be too much and too complicated for architects, engineers and contractors (AEC) as single individuals. Widespread awareness of climate change, pollution, depletion of natural resources and huge amount of technical opportunities on global market have triggered professional demands for architects, in sustainable design. Adaptation is a crucial factor in sustainable architecture. Adequacy of decisions depends on the data applied. Systematization of all relevant information, aspects and tools from the very first design step is a crucial part of contemporary architecture. Building design and construction use significant quantities of natural resources and materials and the products we select affect the quality of the spaces we inhabit. Careful consideration of environment and construction parameters from the earliest stage of the design process can have an enormous impact on reducing subsequent operating costs, protecting the nature and our health. Sustainability in architectural design can be more effective based on a newly developing BIM managed integrated multilevel complex approach and database. It should consist of construction and material parameters, requirements and their qualification fitted to the design steps and systemized according to the performance based evaluation and building anatomy.
{"title":"BIM AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION DESIGN IN GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE","authors":"Susanna Fulop","doi":"10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35603/EPS2019/ISSUE1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the reality of today’s architecture. Building Information Modelling (BIM) technique is a great opportunity for communication and data management in virtual space. BIM cloud-based collaboration provides up-to-date information, where project data is at the centre of the process and delivered to the point of the work, makes building workflows more efficient and effective, especially combined with the representational, analytic, and reality capture capabilities. The powerful computer hardware and software can store, transmit and evaluate huge amount of information, but this virtual universe sometimes seems to be too much and too complicated for architects, engineers and contractors (AEC) as single individuals. \u0000Widespread awareness of climate change, pollution, depletion of natural resources and huge amount of technical opportunities on global market have triggered professional demands for architects, in sustainable design. Adaptation is a crucial factor in sustainable architecture. Adequacy of decisions depends on the data applied. Systematization of all relevant information, aspects and tools from the very first design step is a crucial part of contemporary architecture. \u0000Building design and construction use significant quantities of natural resources and materials and the products we select affect the quality of the spaces we inhabit. Careful consideration of environment and construction parameters from the earliest stage of the design process can have an enormous impact on reducing subsequent operating costs, protecting the nature and our health. \u0000Sustainability in architectural design can be more effective based on a newly developing BIM managed integrated multilevel complex approach and database. It should consist of construction and material parameters, requirements and their qualification fitted to the design steps and systemized according to the performance based evaluation and building anatomy.","PeriodicalId":22116,"journal":{"name":"SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89897868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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