In the recent years, Sri Lanka’s focus on its infrastructure has grown due to its significance to the country’s economy, security, and quality of life. A resilient critical infrastructure system is crucial in reducing the impact of natural and human induced risks and weaknesses. In this context, comprehensive knowledge of a nation’s legal and policy framework would be of great assistance in building pathways towards strengthening the resilience of critical infrastructure systems. Concerning the need, this study aims to assess the ability of the existing legal and policy framework for complex, interdependent infrastructure systems in Sri Lanka to protect its energy and telecommunication infrastructure against natural and human-induced hazards. The objectives of the study include: (1) determining the existing legal and policy framework for energy, telecommunication infrastructure in Sri Lanka; and (2) comparing the legal and policy provisions for protecting these infrastructures against hazards in Sri Lanka with the international context. The study involved a comprehensive literature synthesis to understand the scope of critical infrastructure in the global context. Further, preliminary interviews were conducted to obtain the direction for the identification of the existing legal and policy framework related to the infrastructure sectors in Sri Lanka. Finally, the study examined the available provisions in the framework, alongside a desk study, to assess their effectiveness in safeguarding critical infrastructure. A comparison between Sri Lanka and the international context highlighted significant gaps in the legal and policy framework, particularly in terms of protecting the nation's infrastructure.
{"title":"Legal and policy provisions for protecting energy and telecommunication infrastructure against hazards: comparison between Sri Lanka and other countries","authors":"M. Randeniya, R. Palliyaguru, D. Amaratunga","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.57","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, Sri Lanka’s focus on its infrastructure has grown due to its significance to the country’s economy, security, and quality of life. A resilient critical infrastructure system is crucial in reducing the impact of natural and human induced risks and weaknesses. In this context, comprehensive knowledge of a nation’s legal and policy framework would be of great assistance in building pathways towards strengthening the resilience of critical infrastructure systems. Concerning the need, this study aims to assess the ability of the existing legal and policy framework for complex, interdependent infrastructure systems in Sri Lanka to protect its energy and telecommunication infrastructure against natural and human-induced hazards. The objectives of the study include: (1) determining the existing legal and policy framework for energy, telecommunication infrastructure in Sri Lanka; and (2) comparing the legal and policy provisions for protecting these infrastructures against hazards in Sri Lanka with the international context. The study involved a comprehensive literature synthesis to understand the scope of critical infrastructure in the global context. Further, preliminary interviews were conducted to obtain the direction for the identification of the existing legal and policy framework related to the infrastructure sectors in Sri Lanka. Finally, the study examined the available provisions in the framework, alongside a desk study, to assess their effectiveness in safeguarding critical infrastructure. A comparison between Sri Lanka and the international context highlighted significant gaps in the legal and policy framework, particularly in terms of protecting the nation's infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127514022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L.S.D. Rathnayaka, B.K.M. Nadeetharu, U. Kulatunga
Electronic Document Management Systems (EDMS) have become increasingly popular in recent years as construction organisations seek to improve document management efficiency, productivity, and security. However, the Quantity Surveyor (QS), a key stakeholder responsible for construction documentation management, has less adapted to it in the Sri Lankan context. Accordingly, this study used twelve expert interviews to identify the status of documentation management in the Sri Lankan construction industry from a QS perspective. Manual content analysis was used to analyse the findings. Despite the disadvantages, the conventional DMS approach is still prevalent in the Sri Lankan context. Despite the QSs having a basic understanding of the EDMS approach and being willing to transit to EDMS, they are less familiar with EDMS software. In addition, project size, limited availability of technical facilities, and the reluctance of government and professionals cause to continue this adaptation are still a barrier. The findings of this research can be based on future studies on different stakeholder perspectives. Since conventional DMS is proved to be a less efficient solution for the document management of construction projects and EDMS is also difficult to be initiated, these findings can be benchmarked by policymakers to address the identified causes of the issue.
{"title":"Quantity surveyor’s perspective on document management in construction projects: an exploratory study in Sri Lanka","authors":"L.S.D. Rathnayaka, B.K.M. Nadeetharu, U. Kulatunga","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.73.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.73.","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic Document Management Systems (EDMS) have become increasingly popular in recent years as construction organisations seek to improve document management efficiency, productivity, and security. However, the Quantity Surveyor (QS), a key stakeholder responsible for construction documentation management, has less adapted to it in the Sri Lankan context. Accordingly, this study used twelve expert interviews to identify the status of documentation management in the Sri Lankan construction industry from a QS perspective. Manual content analysis was used to analyse the findings. Despite the disadvantages, the conventional DMS approach is still prevalent in the Sri Lankan context. Despite the QSs having a basic understanding of the EDMS approach and being willing to transit to EDMS, they are less familiar with EDMS software. In addition, project size, limited availability of technical facilities, and the reluctance of government and professionals cause to continue this adaptation are still a barrier. The findings of this research can be based on future studies on different stakeholder perspectives. Since conventional DMS is proved to be a less efficient solution for the document management of construction projects and EDMS is also difficult to be initiated, these findings can be benchmarked by policymakers to address the identified causes of the issue.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125759220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current socioeconomic demand requires adequate engineering performance and environmentally friendly materials from the perspective of sustainable development. The scarcity of conventional natural resources and the severe environmental consequences of extraction have prompted research into alternative materials and resources for use in the road industry. Based on the findings of the existing studies, this research aims to explore the suitability of alternative materials for road construction projects towards sustainability in Sri Lanka. A quantitative research strategy was employed in the current study, and the questionnaire was distributed among 44 professionals involved in different types of road projects. The collected data were analysed by using Relative Important Index (RII). 84% of respondents considered alternative sustainable construction materials are highly suitable for the construction of road elements. Bituminous materials, natural soil, crushed rock and cement concrete are mostly commonly traditional materials. Construction and demolition waste (C&D), fly ash, plastic waste, and waste rubber tires were selected as the best materials for base construction, cement kiln dust waste, fly ash, glass waste, and waste rubber for sub-base and C&D waste and glass waste for sub-grade construction. Alternative sustainable materials can solve the waste disposal issue, scarcity of natural materials, and cost savings. Thus, this study presents a collective listing of the most viable alternative materials already in use by the global industry, with the goal of establishing a noble notion for better incorporation of alternative sustainable materials into road construction in Sri Lanka.
从可持续发展的角度出发，当前社会经济需求要求材料具有足够的工程性能和环境友好性。常规自然资源的匮乏和开采造成的严重环境后果促使人们研究用于道路工业的替代材料和资源。基于现有研究的结果，本研究旨在探讨斯里兰卡道路建设项目可持续性替代材料的适用性。本研究采用定量研究策略，对参与不同类型道路工程的44名专业人员进行问卷调查。采用相对重要指数(Relative Important Index, RII)对收集的数据进行分析。84%的受访者认为可替代的可持续建筑材料非常适合道路要素的建设。沥青材料、天然土壤、碎石和水泥混凝土是最常见的传统材料。选择建筑拆迁垃圾、粉煤灰、塑料垃圾、废橡胶轮胎作为基层施工的最佳材料，选择水泥窑粉尘、粉煤灰、玻璃垃圾、废橡胶作为基层施工的最佳材料，选择建筑拆迁垃圾和玻璃垃圾作为路基施工的最佳材料。可替代的可持续材料可以解决废物处理问题，天然材料的稀缺性，并节省成本。因此，本研究提出了全球工业已经使用的最可行的替代材料的集体清单，目的是建立一个崇高的概念，以便更好地将替代可持续材料纳入斯里兰卡的道路建设中。
{"title":"Alternative materials for sustainable road construction in Sri Lanka","authors":"H. Kodithuwakku, T. Ramachandra, P. Kajavathani","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"The current socioeconomic demand requires adequate engineering performance and environmentally friendly materials from the perspective of sustainable development. The scarcity of conventional natural resources and the severe environmental consequences of extraction have prompted research into alternative materials and resources for use in the road industry. Based on the findings of the existing studies, this research aims to explore the suitability of alternative materials for road construction projects towards sustainability in Sri Lanka. A quantitative research strategy was employed in the current study, and the questionnaire was distributed among 44 professionals involved in different types of road projects. The collected data were analysed by using Relative Important Index (RII). 84% of respondents considered alternative sustainable construction materials are highly suitable for the construction of road elements. Bituminous materials, natural soil, crushed rock and cement concrete are mostly commonly traditional materials. Construction and demolition waste (C&D), fly ash, plastic waste, and waste rubber tires were selected as the best materials for base construction, cement kiln dust waste, fly ash, glass waste, and waste rubber for sub-base and C&D waste and glass waste for sub-grade construction. Alternative sustainable materials can solve the waste disposal issue, scarcity of natural materials, and cost savings. Thus, this study presents a collective listing of the most viable alternative materials already in use by the global industry, with the goal of establishing a noble notion for better incorporation of alternative sustainable materials into road construction in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125148297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction industry has a crucial role in a country’s development process, nevertheless, it has a significant impact as it contributes to the emission of harmful gases, waste generation, and energy and resource consumption, making it one of the major contributors to environmental issues. By adopting Circular Economy (CE) principles, the construction industry can reduce costs, mitigate negative environmental impacts, address inherent complexities, and increase the resilience of urban areas to create more liveable, productive, and convenient cities. Utilising Digital Technologies (DT) is crucial in achieving circularity in construction. By identifying a knowledge gap in DT-enabled circularity, this research is aimed at exploring current research on DT-enabled circularity in the construction industry. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to address this aim and identify prominent authors, countries, and key research studies (co-occurrences of keywords). Around 66 documents published in Scopus were collected and analysed using “VOSviewer” software. The analysis revealed that a limited number of studies have been carried out in the selected research area. The results reported in the paper not only serve as a useful reference for both researchers and practitioners, but also signpost further works to be undertaken.
{"title":"Digital technology enabled circularity in the construction industry: a bibliometric study","authors":"S. Jayakodi, S. Senaratne, S. Perera, K. Bamdad","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.38","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry has a crucial role in a country’s development process, nevertheless, it has a significant impact as it contributes to the emission of harmful gases, waste generation, and energy and resource consumption, making it one of the major contributors to environmental issues. By adopting Circular Economy (CE) principles, the construction industry can reduce costs, mitigate negative environmental impacts, address inherent complexities, and increase the resilience of urban areas to create more liveable, productive, and convenient cities. Utilising Digital Technologies (DT) is crucial in achieving circularity in construction. By identifying a knowledge gap in DT-enabled circularity, this research is aimed at exploring current research on DT-enabled circularity in the construction industry. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to address this aim and identify prominent authors, countries, and key research studies (co-occurrences of keywords). Around 66 documents published in Scopus were collected and analysed using “VOSviewer” software. The analysis revealed that a limited number of studies have been carried out in the selected research area. The results reported in the paper not only serve as a useful reference for both researchers and practitioners, but also signpost further works to be undertaken.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132543358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hewavitharana, S. Perera, X. Jin, K. Seneviratne, K. Bamdad
Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) systems often comprise a significant part of the construction project. These are complex systems with high stakeholder involvement, a lengthy lifecycle, and high financial cost. Due to this nature, MEP systems have complex procurement and management requirements which create uphill of challenges such as lack of transparency, instantaneous changes in designs, lack of trust, incompatibility of designs and specifications, lack of coordination, miscommunication, lack of security, traceability and confidentiality etc. This paper presents an analysis of how Blockchain technology can be used to address the issues arising from the procurement and management (P&M) of MEP systems. A literature review approach was used to identify issues in P&M of MEP systems that could benefit from the implementation of Blockchain technology. P&M phases of MEP systems is based on RIBA (2020). The literature review was carried out using articles in ScienceDirect that appeared in the context of MEP and Blockchain-related terms such as "Blockchain and MEP", and “Blockchain and building services practices". Forty papers were studied to gain insight into the issues, features of Blockchain technology and to explore how these features can provide possible solutions to the identified issues. In conclusion, this paper established that Blockchain technology can be used as a solution for the issues associated with each stage of the P&M of MEP systems.
{"title":"An Introduction to blockchain in building services: a literature review","authors":"S. Hewavitharana, S. Perera, X. Jin, K. Seneviratne, K. Bamdad","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) systems often comprise a significant part of the construction project. These are complex systems with high stakeholder involvement, a lengthy lifecycle, and high financial cost. Due to this nature, MEP systems have complex procurement and management requirements which create uphill of challenges such as lack of transparency, instantaneous changes in designs, lack of trust, incompatibility of designs and specifications, lack of coordination, miscommunication, lack of security, traceability and confidentiality etc. This paper presents an analysis of how Blockchain technology can be used to address the issues arising from the procurement and management (P&M) of MEP systems. A literature review approach was used to identify issues in P&M of MEP systems that could benefit from the implementation of Blockchain technology. P&M phases of MEP systems is based on RIBA (2020). The literature review was carried out using articles in ScienceDirect that appeared in the context of MEP and Blockchain-related terms such as \"Blockchain and MEP\", and “Blockchain and building services practices\". Forty papers were studied to gain insight into the issues, features of Blockchain technology and to explore how these features can provide possible solutions to the identified issues. In conclusion, this paper established that Blockchain technology can be used as a solution for the issues associated with each stage of the P&M of MEP systems.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132154624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plagiarism is a growing issue in higher education institutions world-wide. If left unchallenged, it represents a threat to genuine academic scholarship and integrity. This paper examines the current state of knowledge based on published research with a specific focus on plagiarism in engineering education. The overall aim of the study is to identify major factors that contribute to plagiaristic behaviour and to develop evidence-based tools, resources and interventions to assist students, faculty and higher education institutions to avoid plagiarism. Furthermore, the study seeks to provide policy recommendations that can be implemented at institutional level. It is found that plagiarism occurs at all levels of academic practice in teaching and research. The reasons why students plagiarise include ease of access to materials on the internet, time constraints, pressures to achieve good grades, lack of academic support and failure to integrate students into the university community. Faculty and universities have a role to play in training students to be ethical users of information. Students should be trained to be able to identify their requirements, to source and paraphrase text, cite references properly and attribute all sources of information. Faculty should also develop authentic instruments of assessments. This will motivate students to develop creative solutions. Plagiarism is however a complex aspect of human behaviour and further research is required to understand it better and to find potential solutions.
{"title":"A Systematic review of the challenges and strategies for addressing plagiarism in engineering education","authors":"S. Wamuziri","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Plagiarism is a growing issue in higher education institutions world-wide. If left unchallenged, it represents a threat to genuine academic scholarship and integrity. This paper examines the current state of knowledge based on published research with a specific focus on plagiarism in engineering education. The overall aim of the study is to identify major factors that contribute to plagiaristic behaviour and to develop evidence-based tools, resources and interventions to assist students, faculty and higher education institutions to avoid plagiarism. Furthermore, the study seeks to provide policy recommendations that can be implemented at institutional level. It is found that plagiarism occurs at all levels of academic practice in teaching and research. The reasons why students plagiarise include ease of access to materials on the internet, time constraints, pressures to achieve good grades, lack of academic support and failure to integrate students into the university community. Faculty and universities have a role to play in training students to be ethical users of information. Students should be trained to be able to identify their requirements, to source and paraphrase text, cite references properly and attribute all sources of information. Faculty should also develop authentic instruments of assessments. This will motivate students to develop creative solutions. Plagiarism is however a complex aspect of human behaviour and further research is required to understand it better and to find potential solutions.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133094195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growing importance of sustainability and environmental conservation, effectively managing visitor flows in high-rise buildings poses unique challenges and opportunities. Smart visitor management systems (SVMSs) offer innovative solutions to optimise resource allocation, minimise waste generation, and promote eco-friendly practices in this context. Through an in-depth analysis of relevant data, case studies, and expert perspectives, this study investigates the implementation and potential benefits of smart visitor management systems (SVMSs) in high-rise buildings, with a specific emphasis on sustainability. The findings reveal that the adoption of these systems can lead to significant positive impacts, including improved energy efficiency through intelligent lighting and HVAC controls, reduced carbon emissions by streamlining transportation and parking, enhanced waste management through digital registrations and real-time monitoring, and improved visitor experiences through streamlined check-ins and personalised services. Moreover, the integration of smart visitor management systems (SVMSs) enables high-rise buildings to achieve sustainability certifications and contribute to the overall environmental goals of Sri Lanka. The article also addresses the potential challenges and considerations associated with implementing these systems, such as data security and privacy concerns, initial investment costs, and the need for stakeholder collaboration. The insights derived from this study provide valuable guidance for building owners, facility managers, policymakers, and other stakeholders involved in sustainable practices in high-rise buildings in Sri Lanka and similar contexts.
{"title":"Utilising smart visitor management system to enhance sustainable practices in high-rise buildings in Sri Lanka","authors":"G.G.N. Chandani, A. Asmone","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.89","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing importance of sustainability and environmental conservation, effectively managing visitor flows in high-rise buildings poses unique challenges and opportunities. Smart visitor management systems (SVMSs) offer innovative solutions to optimise resource allocation, minimise waste generation, and promote eco-friendly practices in this context. Through an in-depth analysis of relevant data, case studies, and expert perspectives, this study investigates the implementation and potential benefits of smart visitor management systems (SVMSs) in high-rise buildings, with a specific emphasis on sustainability. The findings reveal that the adoption of these systems can lead to significant positive impacts, including improved energy efficiency through intelligent lighting and HVAC controls, reduced carbon emissions by streamlining transportation and parking, enhanced waste management through digital registrations and real-time monitoring, and improved visitor experiences through streamlined check-ins and personalised services. Moreover, the integration of smart visitor management systems (SVMSs) enables high-rise buildings to achieve sustainability certifications and contribute to the overall environmental goals of Sri Lanka. The article also addresses the potential challenges and considerations associated with implementing these systems, such as data security and privacy concerns, initial investment costs, and the need for stakeholder collaboration. The insights derived from this study provide valuable guidance for building owners, facility managers, policymakers, and other stakeholders involved in sustainable practices in high-rise buildings in Sri Lanka and similar contexts.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131155816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart parking is a technical advancement that makes use of sensors and information technology to assist users in finding available parking spaces. It is a management approach for parking lots in many facilities for users to find satisfactory parking places. Shopping malls are one of the facilities that face different parking management issues due to the large crowd. Smart car parking solution is one of the best solutions to mitigate the issues associated with parking management systems. Thus, this study aims to investigate the suitability of smart car parking as a solution to mitigate the current parking management issues faced by Sri Lankan shopping malls. A case study approach is employed using three shopping mall facilities located in Colombo metropolitan area to analyse the current parking management issues. Further, a questionnaire survey was carried out to identify the issues from the customers’ perspective. The data collected from structured interviews and the questionnaire survey was analysed using manual content analysis and statistical analysis, respectively. The findings revealed that the choice of shopping at the facility is strongly affected by the availability of parking, and this has a significant impact on the facility. Further, this paper highlights the major issues associated with shopping mall parking management systems and the suitability of smart car parking to mitigate those issues. The findings of this study are useful in developing smart car parking solutions for shopping malls in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Suitability of smart car parking for shopping malls in Sri Lanka","authors":"S. Karunarathna, U. Rathnayake","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.80","url":null,"abstract":"Smart parking is a technical advancement that makes use of sensors and information technology to assist users in finding available parking spaces. It is a management approach for parking lots in many facilities for users to find satisfactory parking places. Shopping malls are one of the facilities that face different parking management issues due to the large crowd. Smart car parking solution is one of the best solutions to mitigate the issues associated with parking management systems. Thus, this study aims to investigate the suitability of smart car parking as a solution to mitigate the current parking management issues faced by Sri Lankan shopping malls. A case study approach is employed using three shopping mall facilities located in Colombo metropolitan area to analyse the current parking management issues. Further, a questionnaire survey was carried out to identify the issues from the customers’ perspective. The data collected from structured interviews and the questionnaire survey was analysed using manual content analysis and statistical analysis, respectively. The findings revealed that the choice of shopping at the facility is strongly affected by the availability of parking, and this has a significant impact on the facility. Further, this paper highlights the major issues associated with shopping mall parking management systems and the suitability of smart car parking to mitigate those issues. The findings of this study are useful in developing smart car parking solutions for shopping malls in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115545305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessment of delays involves complex decision making. Most standard contract forms do not provide guidelines on assessing delay claims; this is left to the professionals who at times tend to make decisions based on experience and subjective judgement. This will not always guarantee consistent decisions. Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism for assessing delay claims in construction industry. Excusability and criticality are the two elements to be considered in assessing a delay. These are governed by the conditions of contract and adopted delay analysis techniques (DATs) respectively. This paper is focused on developing a holistic approach to support the assessment of delay claims in terms of assessing the excusability and appropriateness of DATs. A mixed method approach was adopted for this study with four phases namely; literature review, desk study (based on FIDIC 1999 red book), in-depth expert interviews and a questionnaire survey. Qualitative data obtained through interviews were analysed using content analysis and questionnaire survey findings were statistically analysed. According to the findings, there are 18 major sub-clauses giving rise to excusable delays under FIDIC 1999 red book. In assessing the excusability of delays, the notice requirement, concurrency of delays and the contractor’s obligations of mitigating delays are the important aspects to be considered. In the assessment of criticality, window analysis is the most suitable DAT. However, due to the complexity of the window analysis method, as planned vs. as built method is most commonly practiced in the industry which is considered as simple but less accurate.
延迟评估涉及复杂的决策制定。大多数标准合同形式没有提供评估延迟索赔的指导方针;这是专业人士的事情，他们有时倾向于根据经验和主观判断做出决定。这并不能保证决策的一致性。因此，有必要建立一种评估建筑业延误索赔的机制。可原谅性和临界性是评估延误时要考虑的两个因素。这些分别受合同条件和采用的延迟分析技术(dat)的约束。本文的重点是开发一个整体的方法来支持延迟索赔的评估方面的可原谅性和适当性的dat。本研究采用混合方法，分为四个阶段:文献综述、案头研究(基于FIDIC 1999红皮书)、深度专家访谈和问卷调查。访谈获得的定性数据采用内容分析法进行分析，问卷调查结果进行统计分析。根据调查结果，FIDIC 1999年红皮书中有18个主要分条款导致可原谅的延误。在评估延迟的可原谅性时，通知要求、延迟的并发性和承包商减轻延迟的义务是需要考虑的重要方面。在临界性评估中，窗口分析是最合适的数据分析方法。然而，由于窗口分析方法的复杂性，as planned vs. as built方法在行业中最常用，被认为简单但不太准确。
{"title":"Assessing delay claims in terms of excusability and criticality of delays in fidic based contracts","authors":"E. Jayasena, U. Kulatunga","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of delays involves complex decision making. Most standard contract forms do not provide guidelines on assessing delay claims; this is left to the professionals who at times tend to make decisions based on experience and subjective judgement. This will not always guarantee consistent decisions. Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism for assessing delay claims in construction industry. Excusability and criticality are the two elements to be considered in assessing a delay. These are governed by the conditions of contract and adopted delay analysis techniques (DATs) respectively. This paper is focused on developing a holistic approach to support the assessment of delay claims in terms of assessing the excusability and appropriateness of DATs. A mixed method approach was adopted for this study with four phases namely; literature review, desk study (based on FIDIC 1999 red book), in-depth expert interviews and a questionnaire survey. Qualitative data obtained through interviews were analysed using content analysis and questionnaire survey findings were statistically analysed. According to the findings, there are 18 major sub-clauses giving rise to excusable delays under FIDIC 1999 red book. In assessing the excusability of delays, the notice requirement, concurrency of delays and the contractor’s obligations of mitigating delays are the important aspects to be considered. In the assessment of criticality, window analysis is the most suitable DAT. However, due to the complexity of the window analysis method, as planned vs. as built method is most commonly practiced in the industry which is considered as simple but less accurate.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126380354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is widely accepted as an effective management concept in minimising wastes and variation of the processes. However, few studies can be found to integrate LSS for improving administrative processes in manufacturing and services industries. Out of the practicing LSS tools, identification of the most suitable LSS tools for each stage of LSS is vital to streamline the administrative process. Although, studies were conducted on lean implementation in different sectors in ad-hoc manner, dearth of studies were focused to compare the existing literature in detail. Therefore, the study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on LSS tools used in administrative processes in different sectors for every LSS stage. This SLR was conducted to addressing the above-mentioned research gap by adopting to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline for healthcare, education, public administration and other sectors. The initial repository comprised with 1817 and the final repository was comprised with 23 articles. The SLR has contributed to the theory by exploring suitable LSS tools and techniques for each DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improvement, and Control) stages of LSS. Out of the identified tools, SIPOC and project charter can be recommended for the define stage whereas, process map is suggested for the measure stage. Further, Cause and effect analysis, Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and control charts are recommended for analysis, improvement and control stages. Further, some specific LSS tools were screened as a specifically applied to a particular sector. Ultimately, the results will propose to industry by applying appropriate LSS tools for administrative processes in different sectors which are not transformed into LSS incorporated internal environment.
{"title":"Lean six sigma tools for improving administrative processes in different sectors: a systematic review","authors":"U.D.M.D. Ruwanpura, B. Perera, K. Ranadewa","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2023.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.56","url":null,"abstract":"Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is widely accepted as an effective management concept in minimising wastes and variation of the processes. However, few studies can be found to integrate LSS for improving administrative processes in manufacturing and services industries. Out of the practicing LSS tools, identification of the most suitable LSS tools for each stage of LSS is vital to streamline the administrative process. Although, studies were conducted on lean implementation in different sectors in ad-hoc manner, dearth of studies were focused to compare the existing literature in detail. Therefore, the study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on LSS tools used in administrative processes in different sectors for every LSS stage. This SLR was conducted to addressing the above-mentioned research gap by adopting to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline for healthcare, education, public administration and other sectors. The initial repository comprised with 1817 and the final repository was comprised with 23 articles. The SLR has contributed to the theory by exploring suitable LSS tools and techniques for each DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improvement, and Control) stages of LSS. Out of the identified tools, SIPOC and project charter can be recommended for the define stage whereas, process map is suggested for the measure stage. Further, Cause and effect analysis, Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and control charts are recommended for analysis, improvement and control stages. Further, some specific LSS tools were screened as a specifically applied to a particular sector. Ultimately, the results will propose to industry by applying appropriate LSS tools for administrative processes in different sectors which are not transformed into LSS incorporated internal environment.","PeriodicalId":221447,"journal":{"name":"11th World Construction Symposium - 2023","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125431384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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