Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-6
N. A. Chertova, Yulia Ulianova, M. Engibaryan, V. L. Volkova, I. V. Aedinova
The article describes a clinical example of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea, characteristics of its clinical course, diagnosis and the choice of treatment. We noted the non-specificity of complaints and clinical man-ifestations of tracheal cancer, the period between its beginning and diagnosis, the development of severe complica-tions in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems due to the long asymptomatic course of the disease, the need for an integrated approach by various specialists in the treatment of such a complex category of patients. An approach to the surgical treatment of tracheal cancer is described taking into account its extension to the subglottic larynx, which required laryngeal extirpation. We showed the possibility of radical treatment of patients with tracheal cancer in large medical centers with such specialists as head and neck cancer surgeons, thoracic surgeons, endoscopists, anesthesiologists and resuscitators, therapists, radiologists, and chemotherapists.
{"title":"Rare clinical observation of primary tracheal cancer","authors":"N. A. Chertova, Yulia Ulianova, M. Engibaryan, V. L. Volkova, I. V. Aedinova","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a clinical example of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea, characteristics of its clinical course, diagnosis and the choice of treatment. We noted the non-specificity of complaints and clinical man-ifestations of tracheal cancer, the period between its beginning and diagnosis, the development of severe complica-tions in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems due to the long asymptomatic course of the disease, the need for an integrated approach by various specialists in the treatment of such a complex category of patients. An approach to the surgical treatment of tracheal cancer is described taking into account its extension to the subglottic larynx, which required laryngeal extirpation. We showed the possibility of radical treatment of patients with tracheal cancer in large medical centers with such specialists as head and neck cancer surgeons, thoracic surgeons, endoscopists, anesthesiologists and resuscitators, therapists, radiologists, and chemotherapists.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90489810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-7
G. Roitberg, O. Anikeeva
Pancreatic cancer is a disease characterized by low visualization, high metastasis, and lethality. The average life expectancy for this nosology is less than 1 year. Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult due to the lack of specific symptoms. As a rule, at the time of tumor visualization, every third patient has regional lymph nodes involved in the process, and every second patient already has distant metastases. We present a clinical case of a 73-year-old patient with a diagnosis of: cancer of the pancreatic head St IV, T4N1M1. The woman's primary positron emission tomography (PET-CT) revealed a metabolically active lesion with a size of 26х21х32 mm. After the combined multi-stage therapy under the control of PET-CT, it was possible to achieve complete leveling of the primary tumor focus and a relapse-free course of the disease for 11 months. Our clinical observation showed the effectiveness of dynamic control (using PET-CT) treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer, which influenced the patient's treatment strategy. Conclusion . Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma ECOG ≥ 3, despite the prevalence of the process, should be offered comprehensive treatment.
胰腺癌是一种低显像、高转移、高致死率的疾病。这种疾病的平均预期寿命不到1年。由于缺乏特异性症状，胰腺癌的早期诊断很困难。通常，在肿瘤显像时，每三名患者中就有一名涉及到局部淋巴结，每两名患者中就有一名已经有远处转移。我们提出了一个73岁的临床病例患者的诊断:胰腺癌的头St IV, T4N1M1。该妇女的初级正电子发射断层扫描(PET-CT)显示一个代谢活性病变，大小为26х21х32 mm。在PET-CT的控制下，经多期联合治疗，原发病灶完全平整，11个月无复发。我们的临床观察显示动态控制(使用PET-CT)治疗转移性胰腺癌的有效性，影响患者的治疗策略。结论。胰腺腺癌ECOG≥3的患者，尽管该过程普遍存在，但仍应给予综合治疗。
{"title":"PET-CT monitoring in the treatment of pancreatic cancer","authors":"G. Roitberg, O. Anikeeva","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-7","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic cancer is a disease characterized by low visualization, high metastasis, and lethality. The average life expectancy for this nosology is less than 1 year. Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult due to the lack of specific symptoms. As a rule, at the time of tumor visualization, every third patient has regional lymph nodes involved in the process, and every second patient already has distant metastases. We present a clinical case of a 73-year-old patient with a diagnosis of: cancer of the pancreatic head St IV, T4N1M1. The woman's primary positron emission tomography (PET-CT) revealed a metabolically active lesion with a size of 26х21х32 mm. After the combined multi-stage therapy under the control of PET-CT, it was possible to achieve complete leveling of the primary tumor focus and a relapse-free course of the disease for 11 months. Our clinical observation showed the effectiveness of dynamic control (using PET-CT) treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer, which influenced the patient's treatment strategy. Conclusion . Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma ECOG ≥ 3, despite the prevalence of the process, should be offered comprehensive treatment.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87967282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-4
O. Kit, V. I. Voshedskii, P. G. Sakun, M. Gusareva, S. Vlasov, K. N. Museiko, M. A. Komandirov, Y. A. Kultysheva
Purpose of the study . The primary study presents an analysis of the results of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRBT) of extra — and intracranial tumors obtained during four years of observation at «National Medical Research Centre for Oncology». Material and methods. The study enrolled 277 patients. 184 patients (66.4%) received SRS, 54 patients (19.5%) received intracranial SRT, 39 patients (14.1%) received extracranial SRBT. Radiation treatment plans were developed with iPlan and Elements planning software, BrainLab. Radiation therapy was performed with Novalis Tx, Varian linear accelerator. Outcome assessment was performed with iPlan and Elements software, BrainLab, by comparing tumor volumes based on brain MRI series for brain tumors (or CT imaging for extracranial pathology) before the treatment and during four-year follow-up. Stereotactic radiosurgical and hypofractive radiotherapy techniques were used. In radiosurgical surgery, radiation therapy was performed with a single high-precision approach of the therapeutic dose to the target for the purpose to reach biological effect in the irradiated volume with minimal impact on the surrounding tissues. Single focal doses (SFD) were selected due to histology, and the dose was prescribed according to the accepted criteria of The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) (2010) Report 83. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy was performed using 2-5 Fractions (FR) with an average range of 3-10 Gy. Results. During the entire period of observation tumor volume and clinical symptoms in patients who received SRS were reported to reduce in 69,8%, to be stable in 19,6%, increased in 9,8%, respectively. For patients, who received intracranial SRT, tumor volume and clinical symptoms were reported to reduce in 59,3%, increased in 21,4%, to be stable in 9,3%. For patients with extracranial tumors, who went SRBT, tumor volume and clinical symptoms were reported to be stable in 58,9%, reduced in 38,5%, increased in 6,7%. Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained data shows the high efficiency of SRS and SRBT methods, which allow to achieve local control over both malignant and benign tumours.
{"title":"Novalis Tx radiosurgical platform experience in National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russian","authors":"O. Kit, V. I. Voshedskii, P. G. Sakun, M. Gusareva, S. Vlasov, K. N. Museiko, M. A. Komandirov, Y. A. Kultysheva","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study . The primary study presents an analysis of the results of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRBT) of extra — and intracranial tumors obtained during four years of observation at «National Medical Research Centre for Oncology». Material and methods. The study enrolled 277 patients. 184 patients (66.4%) received SRS, 54 patients (19.5%) received intracranial SRT, 39 patients (14.1%) received extracranial SRBT. Radiation treatment plans were developed with iPlan and Elements planning software, BrainLab. Radiation therapy was performed with Novalis Tx, Varian linear accelerator. Outcome assessment was performed with iPlan and Elements software, BrainLab, by comparing tumor volumes based on brain MRI series for brain tumors (or CT imaging for extracranial pathology) before the treatment and during four-year follow-up. Stereotactic radiosurgical and hypofractive radiotherapy techniques were used. In radiosurgical surgery, radiation therapy was performed with a single high-precision approach of the therapeutic dose to the target for the purpose to reach biological effect in the irradiated volume with minimal impact on the surrounding tissues. Single focal doses (SFD) were selected due to histology, and the dose was prescribed according to the accepted criteria of The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) (2010) Report 83. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy was performed using 2-5 Fractions (FR) with an average range of 3-10 Gy. Results. During the entire period of observation tumor volume and clinical symptoms in patients who received SRS were reported to reduce in 69,8%, to be stable in 19,6%, increased in 9,8%, respectively. For patients, who received intracranial SRT, tumor volume and clinical symptoms were reported to reduce in 59,3%, increased in 21,4%, to be stable in 9,3%. For patients with extracranial tumors, who went SRBT, tumor volume and clinical symptoms were reported to be stable in 58,9%, reduced in 38,5%, increased in 6,7%. Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained data shows the high efficiency of SRS and SRBT methods, which allow to achieve local control over both malignant and benign tumours.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85590491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-1
A. A. Barashev, V. V. Mozulyaka, T. V. Ausheva, Yu. R. Vinnik, L. Vashchenko, E. M. Nepomnyashchaya, P. V. Chernogorov
Purpose of the study . To evaluate the effectiveness and possibility of wide clinical use of denosumab in neoadjuvant mode in patients with giant-cell bone tumors to simplify the operation by reducing the size of the tumor, consolidating pathological fractures, improving the quality of life, restoring the function of adjacent joints, by conducting 2 courses of denosumab as neoadjuvant targeted therapy for patients with giant-cell bone tumors, as well as evaluating morphological changes in tumor. Materials and methods . Considering the data on the efficacy of denosumab, all 10 patients underwent 2 courses of Denosumab 120 mg subcutaneously 1 time per month, as a neoadjuvant targeted therapy for a giant cell bone before performing a surgical treatment. The morphological picture was analyzed before and after the start of treatment, and the clinical and radiological results were evaluated. Results . A similar clinical picture was observed in all 10 cases involving pain relief and restoration of support ability of the bone. X-ray changes demonstrated the development of sclerotic processes in the foci of lytic destruction. Consolidation of pathological fractures was observed. The main changes determining the clinical and radiological characteristics were associated with the morphological processes occurring in the tumor under the influence of denosumab. The morphological picture in the surgically removed bone samples was associated with the development of fibro-sclerotic processes leading to the consolidation of pathological fractures. The histological changes were assessed at the light- optical level. Tumor cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) were replaced with fibrous tissue of varying maturity. That is, a response to the therapy (pathomorphosis in the tumor) was observed under the action of denosumab. Conclusions . Denosumab in neoadjuvant targeted therapy for patients with giant cell bone tumors prior to surgical treatment allows reduction in tumor sizes and consolidation of pathological fractures. The functions of adjacent joints were restored during Denosumab treatment. Improvements in the quality of life of patients were registered. The clinical and radiological effect of the therapy corresponded to the morphological changes occurring in the tumor. All of the above made it easier to perform surgery.
{"title":"The first results of combined treatment of giant cell tumor of bone","authors":"A. A. Barashev, V. V. Mozulyaka, T. V. Ausheva, Yu. R. Vinnik, L. Vashchenko, E. M. Nepomnyashchaya, P. V. Chernogorov","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study . To evaluate the effectiveness and possibility of wide clinical use of denosumab in neoadjuvant mode in patients with giant-cell bone tumors to simplify the operation by reducing the size of the tumor, consolidating pathological fractures, improving the quality of life, restoring the function of adjacent joints, by conducting 2 courses of denosumab as neoadjuvant targeted therapy for patients with giant-cell bone tumors, as well as evaluating morphological changes in tumor. Materials and methods . Considering the data on the efficacy of denosumab, all 10 patients underwent 2 courses of Denosumab 120 mg subcutaneously 1 time per month, as a neoadjuvant targeted therapy for a giant cell bone before performing a surgical treatment. The morphological picture was analyzed before and after the start of treatment, and the clinical and radiological results were evaluated. Results . A similar clinical picture was observed in all 10 cases involving pain relief and restoration of support ability of the bone. X-ray changes demonstrated the development of sclerotic processes in the foci of lytic destruction. Consolidation of pathological fractures was observed. The main changes determining the clinical and radiological characteristics were associated with the morphological processes occurring in the tumor under the influence of denosumab. The morphological picture in the surgically removed bone samples was associated with the development of fibro-sclerotic processes leading to the consolidation of pathological fractures. The histological changes were assessed at the light- optical level. Tumor cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) were replaced with fibrous tissue of varying maturity. That is, a response to the therapy (pathomorphosis in the tumor) was observed under the action of denosumab. Conclusions . Denosumab in neoadjuvant targeted therapy for patients with giant cell bone tumors prior to surgical treatment allows reduction in tumor sizes and consolidation of pathological fractures. The functions of adjacent joints were restored during Denosumab treatment. Improvements in the quality of life of patients were registered. The clinical and radiological effect of the therapy corresponded to the morphological changes occurring in the tumor. All of the above made it easier to perform surgery.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83280422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-3
E. Kolesnikov, S. Mezentsev, A. V. Snezhko, M. N. Chernyak, F. N. Grechkin, T. M. Kecheryukova, O. Y. Kaimakchi
Purpose of the study . On the basis of the accumulated experience to optimize approaches to the preoperative preparation, technical aspects of X-ray surgical antegrade minimally invasive endobiliary interventions, rational postoperative management of patients in order to reduce postoperative complications, improving treatment outcomes and quality of life of patients. Materials and methods . We analyzed 1610 percutaneous transhepatic endobiliary surgeries with separate examination of 1186 X-ray surgical procedures of percutaneous external biliary drainage (PEBD) and 424 cases of antegrade endobiliary stenting (AEBS) Results. Complications after PEBD were developed in 9 (0.76%) patients: the procedure-related bleeding was noted in 3 (0.25%) cases, and bleeding caused by the progression of hepatic failure, hypocoagulation in 6 (0.5%) cases. 3 patients (0.25%) of this group died. Complications after AEBS were registered in 35 (8.3%) patients: acute postoperative pancreatitis in 24 (5.7%) cases, progression of liver failure, hypocoagulation in 9 (2.1%), tumor-induced duodenal stenosis in 2 (0.47%) cases. One patient (0.24%) of this group died. Reduction in complications after PEBD and AEBS is directly associated with surgery techniques, the use of special tools, and tactics of patient management. Conclusion. The prevention of complications, treatment outcomes, and the quality of life of patients receiving interventional antegrade endobiliary surgery are inextricably associated with the technical aspects of interventions, the tools and tool materials, necessary correction of endogenous toxicosis, pancreatitis, hepatic failure, and hemostatic system disorders. Constant monitoring of the results of new technologies is necessary to analyze gathered experience for possible correction and optimization of tactical approaches and schemes for more effective treatment of patients with this severe pathology.
{"title":"Minimally invasive surgery for obstructive jaundice caused by malignant tumors","authors":"E. Kolesnikov, S. Mezentsev, A. V. Snezhko, M. N. Chernyak, F. N. Grechkin, T. M. Kecheryukova, O. Y. Kaimakchi","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study . On the basis of the accumulated experience to optimize approaches to the preoperative preparation, technical aspects of X-ray surgical antegrade minimally invasive endobiliary interventions, rational postoperative management of patients in order to reduce postoperative complications, improving treatment outcomes and quality of life of patients. Materials and methods . We analyzed 1610 percutaneous transhepatic endobiliary surgeries with separate examination of 1186 X-ray surgical procedures of percutaneous external biliary drainage (PEBD) and 424 cases of antegrade endobiliary stenting (AEBS) Results. Complications after PEBD were developed in 9 (0.76%) patients: the procedure-related bleeding was noted in 3 (0.25%) cases, and bleeding caused by the progression of hepatic failure, hypocoagulation in 6 (0.5%) cases. 3 patients (0.25%) of this group died. Complications after AEBS were registered in 35 (8.3%) patients: acute postoperative pancreatitis in 24 (5.7%) cases, progression of liver failure, hypocoagulation in 9 (2.1%), tumor-induced duodenal stenosis in 2 (0.47%) cases. One patient (0.24%) of this group died. Reduction in complications after PEBD and AEBS is directly associated with surgery techniques, the use of special tools, and tactics of patient management. Conclusion. The prevention of complications, treatment outcomes, and the quality of life of patients receiving interventional antegrade endobiliary surgery are inextricably associated with the technical aspects of interventions, the tools and tool materials, necessary correction of endogenous toxicosis, pancreatitis, hepatic failure, and hemostatic system disorders. Constant monitoring of the results of new technologies is necessary to analyze gathered experience for possible correction and optimization of tactical approaches and schemes for more effective treatment of patients with this severe pathology.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73979479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-2
O. Kutsevalova, Y. Kozel, V. V. Dmitrieva, O. V. Kozuk, I. Lysenko
Purpose of the study . To evaluate the diagnostic significance of accelerated and affordable verification of a bloodstream infection pathogen using biomarkers: procalcitonin and the Platelia ™ Candida Ag Plus mannan antigen. Patients and methods . 349 cancer patients with febrile fever were examined from 6 medical and diagnostic oncological hospitals in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation during 2019. Patients aged from 1 to 85 years were hospitalized in intensive care, pediatric oncology and hematology oncology departments. Patient informed consent for the study wasobtained. The diagnostic algorithm included: a blood test using an automatic BacT /ALERT 3D analyzer and a parallel study of the level of biomarkers with enzyme immunoassay. Identification of strains and determination of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents was determined on a Vitek 2 automatic analyzer (BioMerieux, France). Procalcitonin levels greater than 10 ng/ml were registered to determine the development of bacterial inflammation. Procalcitonin was determined with Procalcitonin — ELISA-BEST kits (Russia). Mannan antigen was determined using Platelia Candida Ag kits (France). The result was considered positive at the antigen concentration of ≥125 pg/ml. Candida mannan antigen allowed us to decide on the involvement of Candida spp. in the infectious process. Results. An integrated approach to the diagnosis of bloodstream infections increased the percentage of detection of pathogens up to 58.7%. Bacterial infection testing both with the blood culture method and the procalcitonin determination in blood serum revealed similar diagnostic values. Candida mannan antigen testing significantly improved the early diagnosis of Candidal infection, despite negative blood culture, which was probably associated with prolonged cultivation of Candida spp. in the blood (from 2 to 5 days). The inclusion of biomarker testing in the diagnostic algorithm in cases of suspected bloodstream infection allowed early pathogen identification and starting an adequate antibacterial or antifungal therapy. Conclusion. An integrated approach to the diagnosis of bloodstream infections improved and, just as importantly, significantly accelerated the pathogen verification. Bacterial infection cases showed comparable results of hemoculturing and biomarker testing; however, in case of candidal infection, determination of Candida mannan antigen appears critical, as it was significantly more sensitive than the result of blood culture and allowed to identify the etiology of fever of unknown origin in many patients.
{"title":"An integrated approach to the diagnosis of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in cancer patients","authors":"O. Kutsevalova, Y. Kozel, V. V. Dmitrieva, O. V. Kozuk, I. Lysenko","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-4-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study . To evaluate the diagnostic significance of accelerated and affordable verification of a bloodstream infection pathogen using biomarkers: procalcitonin and the Platelia ™ Candida Ag Plus mannan antigen. Patients and methods . 349 cancer patients with febrile fever were examined from 6 medical and diagnostic oncological hospitals in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation during 2019. Patients aged from 1 to 85 years were hospitalized in intensive care, pediatric oncology and hematology oncology departments. Patient informed consent for the study wasobtained. The diagnostic algorithm included: a blood test using an automatic BacT /ALERT 3D analyzer and a parallel study of the level of biomarkers with enzyme immunoassay. Identification of strains and determination of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents was determined on a Vitek 2 automatic analyzer (BioMerieux, France). Procalcitonin levels greater than 10 ng/ml were registered to determine the development of bacterial inflammation. Procalcitonin was determined with Procalcitonin — ELISA-BEST kits (Russia). Mannan antigen was determined using Platelia Candida Ag kits (France). The result was considered positive at the antigen concentration of ≥125 pg/ml. Candida mannan antigen allowed us to decide on the involvement of Candida spp. in the infectious process. Results. An integrated approach to the diagnosis of bloodstream infections increased the percentage of detection of pathogens up to 58.7%. Bacterial infection testing both with the blood culture method and the procalcitonin determination in blood serum revealed similar diagnostic values. Candida mannan antigen testing significantly improved the early diagnosis of Candidal infection, despite negative blood culture, which was probably associated with prolonged cultivation of Candida spp. in the blood (from 2 to 5 days). The inclusion of biomarker testing in the diagnostic algorithm in cases of suspected bloodstream infection allowed early pathogen identification and starting an adequate antibacterial or antifungal therapy. Conclusion. An integrated approach to the diagnosis of bloodstream infections improved and, just as importantly, significantly accelerated the pathogen verification. Bacterial infection cases showed comparable results of hemoculturing and biomarker testing; however, in case of candidal infection, determination of Candida mannan antigen appears critical, as it was significantly more sensitive than the result of blood culture and allowed to identify the etiology of fever of unknown origin in many patients.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83741834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-7
L. Vladimirova, A. E. Storozhakova, E. A. Kalabanova, E. Verenikina, S. N. Kabanov, Y. V. Svetitskaya, N. Samaneva, N. Tikhanovskaya, K. Novoselova, O. Selezneva, A. V. Tishina
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Growth and extension of the tumor are associated with active neoangiogenesis regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bevacizumab decreases VEGF activity and inhibits the tumor growth.Purpose of the study. The aim of the study was to evaluate results of bevacizumab in maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer.Materials and methods. 26 patients with ovarian cancer received maintenance therapy with drop infusions of bevacizumab 15 mg/kg once a day for 21 days in 2014–2019 after completing chemotherapy for relapses.Results. Bevacizumab mainterned partial response or stabilization in 76.9% of patients. The adverse events were mainly of grades 1–2 (in 88.5% of all adverse events) and could be managed by an appropriate medical correction. Hemorrhagic complications caused the cancellation of bevacizumab in one patient.Conclusions. Bevacizumab in maintenance therapy after completing chemotherapy for ovarian cancer relapses (both platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant) significantly improves the treatment results. The toxicity profile of bevacizumab in maintenance treatment is acceptable.
{"title":"Bevacizumab in maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer patients","authors":"L. Vladimirova, A. E. Storozhakova, E. A. Kalabanova, E. Verenikina, S. N. Kabanov, Y. V. Svetitskaya, N. Samaneva, N. Tikhanovskaya, K. Novoselova, O. Selezneva, A. V. Tishina","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Growth and extension of the tumor are associated with active neoangiogenesis regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bevacizumab decreases VEGF activity and inhibits the tumor growth.Purpose of the study. The aim of the study was to evaluate results of bevacizumab in maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer.Materials and methods. 26 patients with ovarian cancer received maintenance therapy with drop infusions of bevacizumab 15 mg/kg once a day for 21 days in 2014–2019 after completing chemotherapy for relapses.Results. Bevacizumab mainterned partial response or stabilization in 76.9% of patients. The adverse events were mainly of grades 1–2 (in 88.5% of all adverse events) and could be managed by an appropriate medical correction. Hemorrhagic complications caused the cancellation of bevacizumab in one patient.Conclusions. Bevacizumab in maintenance therapy after completing chemotherapy for ovarian cancer relapses (both platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant) significantly improves the treatment results. The toxicity profile of bevacizumab in maintenance treatment is acceptable.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74771523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-6
E. Rostorguev, N. S. Kuznetsova, G. N. Yadryshnikova
Сraniotomy is an integral part of modern elective neurosurgery which involves cutting a free bone flap to provide access to pathological intracranial structures with its reimplantation at the end of surgery.Bone flap grafting in the trepanation window with various fixation methods in the end of elective neurosurgery in the absence of severe cerebral edema or cancer-induced bone destruction is a standard procedure that restores the skull shape, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and cerebral perfusion.According to the literature, the incidence of aseptic inflammation with subsequent resorption of the bone flap after craniotomy in elective neurosurgery is not clearly defined.An analysis of medical publications in the PUBMED database showed few reports of bone flap resorption after elective craniotomy, and no reports were found after the search in the eLibrary database.Thus, the number of reports on the bone flap resorption after craniotomy in elective neurosurgery is limited, and the pathophysiology of this process remains unclear.However, the described complication of craniotomy can lead to the dislocation of a bone flap, the development of a local pain syndrome, a cosmetic defect, and disturbances in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.The article describes an example of partial resorption of a bone flap after craniotomy for the removal of meningioma in the middle third of the superior sagittal sinus, which required a number of repeated neurosurgical interventions. The treatment was finished with the removal of a partially resorbed bone flap and implantation of an individual titanium mesh implant.
{"title":"Bone flap resorption after complications of in elective neurosurgery (case study)","authors":"E. Rostorguev, N. S. Kuznetsova, G. N. Yadryshnikova","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-6","url":null,"abstract":"Сraniotomy is an integral part of modern elective neurosurgery which involves cutting a free bone flap to provide access to pathological intracranial structures with its reimplantation at the end of surgery.Bone flap grafting in the trepanation window with various fixation methods in the end of elective neurosurgery in the absence of severe cerebral edema or cancer-induced bone destruction is a standard procedure that restores the skull shape, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and cerebral perfusion.According to the literature, the incidence of aseptic inflammation with subsequent resorption of the bone flap after craniotomy in elective neurosurgery is not clearly defined.An analysis of medical publications in the PUBMED database showed few reports of bone flap resorption after elective craniotomy, and no reports were found after the search in the eLibrary database.Thus, the number of reports on the bone flap resorption after craniotomy in elective neurosurgery is limited, and the pathophysiology of this process remains unclear.However, the described complication of craniotomy can lead to the dislocation of a bone flap, the development of a local pain syndrome, a cosmetic defect, and disturbances in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.The article describes an example of partial resorption of a bone flap after craniotomy for the removal of meningioma in the middle third of the superior sagittal sinus, which required a number of repeated neurosurgical interventions. The treatment was finished with the removal of a partially resorbed bone flap and implantation of an individual titanium mesh implant.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90786280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-4
I. Mezhevova, A. Sitkovskaya, O. Kit
Over the past decades, transplantable cell lines have been an affordable model for studying the biology and effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on tumors. However, numerous studies have shown that these cell lines are not heterogeneous enough and cannot reflect the drug resistance of tumors that occurs in some patients. Primary cell line cultures isolated from solid tumors have become widespread in personalized cancer therapy. This review discusses the basic methods for the preparation and cultivation of primary cell lines. A brief description is given of the methods for the disaggregation of tumor material using enzymatic, chemical and mechanical dissociation. The systems of cultivation of primary cell cultures. The selection of an appropriate dissociation method and cultivation is important to preserve the benefits of primary culture in preclinical studies.
{"title":"Primary tumor cell cultures: сurrent methods of obtaining and subcultivation","authors":"I. Mezhevova, A. Sitkovskaya, O. Kit","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, transplantable cell lines have been an affordable model for studying the biology and effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on tumors. However, numerous studies have shown that these cell lines are not heterogeneous enough and cannot reflect the drug resistance of tumors that occurs in some patients. Primary cell line cultures isolated from solid tumors have become widespread in personalized cancer therapy. This review discusses the basic methods for the preparation and cultivation of primary cell lines. A brief description is given of the methods for the disaggregation of tumor material using enzymatic, chemical and mechanical dissociation. The systems of cultivation of primary cell cultures. The selection of an appropriate dissociation method and cultivation is important to preserve the benefits of primary culture in preclinical studies.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87027935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-3
N. Guskova, O. Selyutina, I. Novikova, A. Maksimov, A. Nozdricheva, S. V. Abakumova
Purpose of the study. To evaluate the features of morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of the lymphoid population with different restriction of light chains of immunoglobulins in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Materials and methods. The study included 30 CLL patients aged 47–79 years (20 men and 10 women). All patients underwent a General clinical blood test (SysmexXE 2100, Japan), morphological examination of the bone marrow (BioVision; Micros, Austria), immunophenotyping of bone marrow and peripheral blood by flow cytofluorometry (Navios10/3, Beckman Coulter, USA). B-cell clonality established by detection of restriction of light chains of surface immunoglobulins kappa or lambda. Morphological analysis of lymphocytes that differ in the expression of light chains of surface immunoglobulins: kappa (k) — group I (22 people — 73,3%), lambda (λ) — group II (8 people — 26,7%).Results. Determination of cell types by values of direct (FSC) and lateral (SSC) light scattering during immunophenotyping of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples showed that in patients of group I (CD19k+/CD5+/CD23+) on the light scattering diagram, the lymphoid population had low parameters: on the FSC scale — from 200 to 400, on the SSC — from 10 to 160 units, which indicates morphological uniformity of cells. In group II (CD19λ+/CD5+/CD23+), on the contrary, on the light scattering sketogram, the lymphoid zone was heterogeneous and stretched: on the FSC scale — from 200 to 1000, on the SSC — from 10 to 400 units, which indicates morphological polymorphism of cells. There were also differences in the expression of the common leukocyte antigen CD45. In group I, the expression is higher: the population of B-lymphocytes in terms of fluorescence intensity is on the dot graph on the CD45 scale in the second half of the third decade and in the fourth decade — to the right, than in group II, in which B-lymphocytes lie in the third decade. The data indicate that the CD19k+/CD5+/CD23+ population is represented by Mature cells, while the Cd19k+/CD5+/CD23+ population is represented by less Mature and / or intermediate forms. Significant morphological differences in lymphocyte populations were also observed in microscopic studies of blood and bone marrow preparations.Conclusion. The established immunophenotypic and morphological differences in lymphoid populations expressing either kappa — or lambda-light chains of immunoglobulins may be important for identifying risk groups among patients with biologically heterogeneous variants of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
{"title":"Morphological and immunofenotypic features of the monoclonal population of B-lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","authors":"N. Guskova, O. Selyutina, I. Novikova, A. Maksimov, A. Nozdricheva, S. V. Abakumova","doi":"10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study. To evaluate the features of morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of the lymphoid population with different restriction of light chains of immunoglobulins in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Materials and methods. The study included 30 CLL patients aged 47–79 years (20 men and 10 women). All patients underwent a General clinical blood test (SysmexXE 2100, Japan), morphological examination of the bone marrow (BioVision; Micros, Austria), immunophenotyping of bone marrow and peripheral blood by flow cytofluorometry (Navios10/3, Beckman Coulter, USA). B-cell clonality established by detection of restriction of light chains of surface immunoglobulins kappa or lambda. Morphological analysis of lymphocytes that differ in the expression of light chains of surface immunoglobulins: kappa (k) — group I (22 people — 73,3%), lambda (λ) — group II (8 people — 26,7%).Results. Determination of cell types by values of direct (FSC) and lateral (SSC) light scattering during immunophenotyping of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples showed that in patients of group I (CD19k+/CD5+/CD23+) on the light scattering diagram, the lymphoid population had low parameters: on the FSC scale — from 200 to 400, on the SSC — from 10 to 160 units, which indicates morphological uniformity of cells. In group II (CD19λ+/CD5+/CD23+), on the contrary, on the light scattering sketogram, the lymphoid zone was heterogeneous and stretched: on the FSC scale — from 200 to 1000, on the SSC — from 10 to 400 units, which indicates morphological polymorphism of cells. There were also differences in the expression of the common leukocyte antigen CD45. In group I, the expression is higher: the population of B-lymphocytes in terms of fluorescence intensity is on the dot graph on the CD45 scale in the second half of the third decade and in the fourth decade — to the right, than in group II, in which B-lymphocytes lie in the third decade. The data indicate that the CD19k+/CD5+/CD23+ population is represented by Mature cells, while the Cd19k+/CD5+/CD23+ population is represented by less Mature and / or intermediate forms. Significant morphological differences in lymphocyte populations were also observed in microscopic studies of blood and bone marrow preparations.Conclusion. The established immunophenotypic and morphological differences in lymphoid populations expressing either kappa — or lambda-light chains of immunoglobulins may be important for identifying risk groups among patients with biologically heterogeneous variants of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.","PeriodicalId":22147,"journal":{"name":"South Russian Journal of Cancer","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89420079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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